Ite Finals
Ite Finals
● Good engineers have people skills that allow them to interact and
ENGINEERING CAREERS AND PROFESSIONS communicate effectively with various people in their organization.
● Well-trained engineers regardless of their area of specialization,
have a core knowledge that can be applied in other related fields.
THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION
- Engineering is considered to be one of the most challenging and AREAS OF ENGINEERING SPECIALIZATION
exciting careers. It is the application of the principles of science and 1. CIVIL ENGINEERING - one of the oldest of the engineering fields.
mathematics to develop economical solutions to technical problems. It emphasizes mathematical knowledge in geometry, calculus and
- It is the task of an engineer to link the scientific discoveries and the physical sciences. Civil engineers oversee the construction of
commercial applications that meet societal and consumer needs. transportation systems, roads, architecture, construction sites.
- There are a lot of definitions that you can find about what 2. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - the field of applied science that
engineering is all about but a good starting point for answering this employs physical, chemical, and biochemical rate processes for the
question is the theme of National Engineers Week, held each betterment of humanity. Chemical engineers apply their skills to
February in honor of George Washington, considered to be the first fundamental problems in pharmaceuticals, medical devices and
engineer in the United States . That theme depicts engineering drug-delivery system, semiconductor manufacturing, and more.
according to its function: “Engineers turn dreams into reality.” 3. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - involves the conception, design,
- Over the years, many variations of this theme have been put forth, development, and production of the electrical or electronic products
from that of the famous scientist Count Rumford over 200 years and systems. It involves the application of electricity, needed by our
ago: “Engineering is the application of science to the common technological society. Electrical engineers design, develop, test, and
purpose of life” supervise the manufacturing of electrical equipment such as electric
- to the current standard definition of engineering provided by the motors, radar, and navigation systems.
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET): 4. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING - integrates available and emerging
“Engineering is the application of science to the common technologies with knowledge of mathematics, natural, social and
purpose of life. Engineering is the profession in which a applied sciences to conceptualize, design, and implement new,
knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by improved, or innovative electronic, computer and communication
study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to systems, devices, goods, services and processes.
develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces 5. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Mechanical engineers research,
of nature for the benefit of [hu]mankind”. develop, design, manufacture and test tools, engines, machines, and
- Engineering is often associated with science and understandably other mechanical devices. They work on power-producing machines
so. Both make extensive use of mathematics, and engineering such as electricity-producing generators, internal combustion
requires a solid scientific basis. Yet as any scientist or engineer will engines, steam and gas turbines, and jet and rocket engines.
tell you, they are quite different. Science is a quest for “truth for its 6. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING - Industrial engineering focuses on
own sake,” for an ever more exact understanding of the natural the entrepreneurial and business aspect of engineering projects.
world. It explains the change in the viscosity of a liquid as its Whether it is research and development or group projects, industrial
temperature is varied, the release of heat when water vapor engineers desire to create the most efficient plans for employees
condenses, and the reproductive process of plants. It determines ,scheduling, factory schedules, and a multitude of other factors.
the speed of light. Engineering turns those explanations and 7. COMPUTER ENGINEERING - This discipline is referred to in a
understandings into new or improved machines, technologies, and multitude of terms including computer hardware engineering,
processes – to bring reality to ideas and to provide solutions to computer software engineering, and computer science., This field
societal need. encompasses the development of the programming and the
physical components of a computer system. Computer engineers
QUALITIES OF ENGINEERS work on computer hardware chips, circuit boards and keyboards.
1. CURIOSITY - Engineers are curious because they want to know 8. SANITARY ENGINEERING - Sanitary engineering, also known as
how and why things work as they do. public health engineering or wastewater engineering, is the
2. CRITICAL THINKING - Engineers need to analyze, evaluate, and application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human
synthesize information to make objective judgments and communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of
recommendations. human waste, and in addition to the supply of safe potable water.
3. CREATIVITY - At first glance, it would seem that in a field 9. PETROLEUM ENGINEERING - Petroleum Engineering is a field of
structured by math and science there would be little to no room for engineering concerned with the activities related to the production
a creative spirit but when one looks more deeply, the creative of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas.
engineer is changing the way we live and work as creativity often Exploration and production are deemed to fall within the upstream
spurs innovation! sector of the oil and gas industry. Petroleum engineers specialize in
4. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION - Effective engineers understand the discovery and production of oil and natural gas.
that clear, concise, written and verbal communication is the key to 10. MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING - Mechatronics engineering is a
giving their ideas life and their team a competitive edge. multidisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on the
5. A COLLABORATIVE SPIRIT - Engineers are tasked with engineering of both electrical and mechanical systems, and also
contributing to collaborative and cross-functional teams to ensure includes a combination of robotics, electronics, computer,
integrated development. The more easily an engineer can telecommunications, systems, control, and product engineering.
collaborate with a team, the more likely the project or product will 11. INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING -
be successful. Instrumentation and control engineering (ICE) is a branch of
- Aside from the above-mentioned qualities of engineers, the ff. are some engineering that studies the measurement and control of process
additional personality traits and work habits that typify most of today’s variables, and the design and implementation of systems that
successful engineers: incorporate them. IC engineers focus on the implementation of
● Engineers are adept at using computers in many different ways to control systems, mainly derived from mathematical modeling.
model and analyze various practical problems. 12. FOOD ENGINEERING - Food engineering is a multidisciplinary field
● Good engineers have time management skills that enable them to which combines microbiology, applied physical sciences, chemistry
work productively and efficiently. and engineering for food and related industries. Food engineers
● Good engineers have a desire to be lifelong learners. They have to provide the technological knowledge transfer essential to the
take continuing education classes, seminars and workshops to stay cost-effective production and commercialization of food products
abreast of innovation and new technologies . This is particularly and services.
important in today’s world because of the rapid change in 13. AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING - Deals with flight and the
technology. movement of fluids in the earth's atmosphere; Specializing in work
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
ENGG401 | 1st SEMESTER FINALS | A.Y. 2024-2025
areas centered on: – aerodynamics – propulsion – controls – ROLES OF ENGINEERS IN DAILY LIVES, COMMUNITY AND NATION
structure. BUILDING
14. AEROSPACE AND ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERING - Deals with - To see how engineers contribute to the comfort and betterment of
environments not found on earth; Specialization in work areas our everyday lives, just look around more carefully. During the night,
centered on: – propulsion cryogenics – materials navigation – your bedroom was kept at the right temperature- thanks to the
thermodynamics cosmic radiation. mechanical engineers who designed the heating, air-conditioning
15. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING - Blends engineering knowledge and ventilating systems in your home.
with soil systems, land management, and environmental control; has - When you get up in the morning, and turn on the lights, thousands
five specialty fields: of electrical engineers and technicians in the power plants and
1. Soil & Water Engineering power stations around the country are making sure that the flow of
2. Food Engineering electricity remains uninterrupted. The TV you are using to watch
3. Power Machinery Engineering your TV and morning news are designed by electrical and
4. Structures Engineering electronics engineers.
5. Electric Power Generation Engineering - Manufacturing and industrial engineers are involved in creating
16. ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING - Works with architects focusing final products
on structural integrity and safety of design; Structural engineering - The water could be heated by natural gas that is brought to your
and this field are very similar, the main difference is the concern of home was made possible through the effort of chemical, mechanical
aesthetics. civil and petroleum engineers
17. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - Bridges engineering, physical, and - The cotton towel that we use daily was made with the help of
life sciences in identifying and solving medical and health-related agricultural, industrial manufacturing , chemical, petroleum, civil
problems; three general divisions: and mechanical engineers
1. Bioengineering - The foods that we eat daily were made through the collaborative
2. Medical Engineering effort of various engineering disciplines-from agricultural to
3. Clinical Engineering mechanical, to food engineers.
18. MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING - Design of a manufacturing - The transport vehicles that we use are made with the effort of
facility for a product or products; deals with: automotive, mechanical, electrical, electronics, industrial,
– physical plant layout electronics, chemical and petroleum engineers.
– use of existing machines or new
– buy or rent facilities HOW EXACTLY DOES ENGINEERING IMPACT SOCIETY?
– purchase of non producing facilities and equipment - HEALTH - The health industry has hugely benefited from
– packaging of product engineering. Advances in medical technology is solely down to
– shipping to market engineers, and without it, doctors would not be able to treat
patients the way they do today; with fantastic success rates.
Other Engineering Disciplines: Engineering has essentially allowed us to understand the medical
- Aerospace engineering issues in today’s society.
- Automotive engineering - TECHNOLOGY - Engineers are the reason for the phenomenal
- Ceramics engineering growth in technology of every generation. Just think about what the
- Environmental engineering technological advances that are in our everyday lives; not only can
- Materials engineering we access the world with our fingertips, engineers have also allowed
- Manufacturing engineering us to build satellites and machines that help us to understand the
- Mining engineering world we live in and shape our lives on a daily basis
- Nuclear engineering - COMMUNICATION - Whilst on the subject of technology, the way
- Transportation engineering we communicate has also vastly improved due to engineering. We
- and many others can now get in touch with people at any time of the day in any part
of the world. This has greatly improved the way we do business and
ENGINEERING CAREER OPPORTUNITIES how we talk to our friends, family and strangers on a daily basis.
- Engineering graduates have a broad range of career options, - DEVELOPMENT - Steam engines, jet engines and aeroplanes are all
including different kinds of engineering roles, jobs in related areas down to hard work from engineers, and it has allowed businesses to
such as supply chain and jobs in other industries such as finance work smarter and faster than ever before. Improvements to travel
and IT. The focus of your engineering degree will affect the types of have changed the way humans connect with one another, opening
engineering jobs you are suited to. You can work as engineers in trades for business and allowing us to literally travel to the other
your specific field. Other job roles and career areas you could work side of the planet in a mere 24 hours.
in follows: - SPACE - Visiting Space may have been a mere dream in the past,
● Engineering consultancy but not anymore. The International Space Station is the largest and
● Process engineering most complex science undertaking ever. It allows scientists, analysts
● Technical sales engineering and engineers from all over the planet to come together and
● Construction, civil engineering and surveying conduct research that cannot be done elsewhere, finding answers to
● Engineering, design and manufacture queries that have been unquestioned for years.
● Logistics, transport and supply chain
● Scientific research and development
WHAT DO ENGINEERS DO?
● Design and installation
● Engineering and building professionals
● Information technology professionals WHAT IS STEM?
● Academicians - SCIENTISTS - Investigate our natural world
● Engineering Supervisors/Managers - TECHNOLOGISTS - Apply science and math to designs
● Health and Safety Engineers - ENGINEERS - Create our designed world
● Pollution Control officers - MATHEMATICIANS - Use numbers and symbols to solve problems
● Surveying and Mapping Technicians - STEM -Working together to solve problems based on societal needs
● Cadet engineers and wants
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
ENGG401 | 1st SEMESTER FINALS | A.Y. 2024-2025
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?
- Engineering is the application of mathematics and scientific
principles to better or improve life.
WHAT IS AN ENGINEER?
- An engineer is a person who is trained in and uses technological
and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems.
D. MANAGEMENT
- Recent surveys show that the trend today for corporate
leaders in the United States to have a background in
engineering and science
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
ENGG401 | 1st SEMESTER FINALS | A.Y. 2024-2025
- Using the capabilities of the company to best advantage and synthesize them in order to define the core problems that you
to produce a desirable product in competitive economy and your team have identified up to this point. You should seek to
- Make decisions involving: equipment in the plant; the define the problem as a problem statement in a human-centered
labor force; financial assets manner.
3. IDEATE - During the third stage of the Design Thinking process,
E. MANAGEMENT designers are ready to start generating ideas. You’ve grown to
- Business side of the operation that the engineer usually understand your users and their needs in the Empathize stage, and
must work harder to develop. you’ve analyzed and synthesized your observations in the Define
- Concerned with long-range effects of policy decisions stage, and ended up with a human-centered problem statement.
mainly financial, legal, and labor aspects With this solid background, you and your team members can start
to "think outside the box" to identify new solutions to the problem
statement you’ve created, and you can start to look for alternative
DESIGN THINKING
ways of viewing the problem.
4. PROTOTYPE - The design team will now produce a number of
WHAT IS DESIGN THINKING, AND WHY IS IT SO POPULAR? inexpensive, scaled down versions of the product or specific
- Design thinking is not an exclusive property of designers—all great features found within the product, so they can investigate the
innovators in literature, art, music, science, engineering, and problem solutions generated in the previous stage. Prototypes may
business have practiced it. be shared and tested within the team itself, in other departments, or
- Design Thinking is a design methodology and iterative process that on a small group of people outside the design team. This is an
provides a solution-based approach to solving problems. experimental phase, and the aim is to identify the best possible
- It’s extremely useful in tackling complex problems that are solution for each of the problems identified during the first three
ill-defined or unknown, by understanding the human needs involved, stages.
by re-framing the problem in human-centric ways, by creating many 5. TEST - Designers or evaluators rigorously test the complete product
ideas in brainstorming sessions, and by adopting a hands-on using the best solutions identified during the prototyping phase.
approach in prototyping and testing. This is the final stage of the 5 stage-model, but in an iterative
process, the results generated during the testing phase are often
DESIGN THINKING: VARIED DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS used to redefine one or more problems and inform the
There are various ways of teaching and practicing Design Thinking, and understanding of the users, the conditions of use, how people think,
definitions and descriptions vary accordingly. behave, and feel, and to empathize.
1. A DESIGN METHODOLOGY - It differs from traditional design THE NON-LINEAR NATURE OF DESIGN THINKING
approaches in specific ways. For example, some authors
characterize Design Thinking as more creative and user-centered
than traditional design approaches.
2. A PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH OR PROCESS - Design Thinking
can be regarded as a problem solving method or, by some
definitions, a process for the resolution of problems. As a
solution-based approach to solving problems, Design Thinking is
particularly useful for addressing so-called “wicked” problems.
Wicked means that they are ill-defined or tricky. For ill-defined
problems, both the problem and the solution are unknown at the
outset of the problem-solving process (as opposed to “tame” or
“well-defined” problems, where the problem is evident and the
solution is possible with some technical knowledge.)
3. A CREATIVITY APPROACH - Unlike analytical thinking, which is
associated with the “breaking down” of ideas, Design Thinking is a
creative process based on the “building up” of ideas. Analytical ATTRIBUTES OF DESIGN THINKING
approaches focus on narrowing the design choices, while Design
Thinking focuses on going broad, at least during the early stages of
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION COMMENT
the process.
4. A USER-CENTERED APPROACH THAT BRINGS DESIGN INTO THE
Ambiguity Being comfortable Design Thinking
BUSINESS WORLD - Design Thinking is a more creative and
when things are addresses wicked ,
user-centered approach to problem solving than traditional design unclear or when you ill-defined and tricky
methods. They point out that “Design Thinking defies the obvious don’t know the answer problems.
and instead embraces a more experimental approach.” The heart of
the method is in understanding the customer: All ideas and Collaborative Working together People design in
subsequent work stem from knowing the customer. across disciplines interdisciplinary teams.
MUST HAVES
1. HOOK - statement or question that immediately piques the interest
of the recipient. Give people a “hook” by talking about something
that really interests them. The hook should grab the attention of the
listener and set the stage for the concept. Many ways to do this
including identifying the problem/need you address.
■ The hook should simply identify the pain you solve.
■ Tag lines can be used as a form of a hook
■ It must be succinct, to the point
■ Focus on one simple message