Scribd
Upload
2 views

Introduction to Java_chapter7

Chapter 7 covers the fundamentals of multidimensional arrays, specifically two-dimensional arrays, including their declaration, creation, and initialization. It explains the concept of ragged arrays, how to process two-dimensional arrays, and methods for passing them in Java. The chapter includes examples of initializing arrays with user input and random values, as well as summing elements within the arrays.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Breka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Introduction to Java_chapter7

Chapter 7 covers the fundamentals of multidimensional arrays, specifically two-dimensional arrays, including their declaration, creation, and initialization. It explains the concept of ragged arrays, how to process two-dimensional arrays, and methods for passing them in Java. The chapter includes examples of initializing arrays with user input and random values, as well as summing elements within the arrays.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Breka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Chapter 7

MULTIDIMENSIONAL
ARRAYS

Lecture notes for computer programming 1


Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
Prepared by: Iyad Albayouk

١
Introduction
Data in a table or a matrix can be represented
using a two-dimensional array. For example:

٢
Two-Dimensional Array Basics
Declaring Variables of Multidimensional Arrays and
Creating Multidimensional Arrays

int[][] matrix = new int[10][10];


or
int matrix[][] = new int[10][10];
matrix[0][0] = 3;

for (int i=0; i<matrix.length; i++)


for (int j=0; j<matrix[i].length; j++)
{
matrix[i][j] = (int)(Math.random()*1000);
}

٣
Multidimensional Array
Illustration
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2
0 0 0 1 2 3

6
1 1 1 4 5

2 2 7 2 7 8 9

3 3 3 10 11 12

4 4 int[][] array = {
{1, 2, 3},
matrix = new int[5][5]; matrix[2][1] = 7; {4, 5, 6} ,
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}
};

٤
Declaring, Creating, and Initializing Using
Shorthand Notations
You can also use a shorthand notation to declare, create and initialize a two-
dimensional array. For example,

٥
Obtaining the Lengths of Two-
Dimensional Arrays
For example, suppose x = new int[3][4], x[0], x[1], and x[2] are
one-dimensional arrays and each contains four elements, as
shown in below Figure. x.length is 3, and x[0].length,
x[1].length, and x[2].length are 4.

A two-dimensional array is a one-dimensional array in which each


element is another one-dimensional array. ٦
Ragged Arrays
Each row in a two-dimensional array is itself an array. So, the rows can
have different lengths. Such an array is known as a ragged array. For
example:

As you can see, triangleArray[0].length is 5, triangleArray[1].length is 4,


triangleArray[2].length is 3, triangleArray[3].length is 2, and triangle-
Array[4].length is 1.
٧
Ragged Arrays, cont.
The same as before - you can create a ragged array using the
following syntax:

int[ ][ ] triangleArray = new int [5][ ];


triangleArray[0] = new int[5];
triangleArray[1] = new int[4];
triangleArray[2] = new int[3];
triangleArray[3] = new int[2];
triangleArray[4] = new int[1];

The syntax new int[5][ ] for creating an array requires the first index
to be specified.
The syntax new int[ ][ ] would be wrong.

٨
Processing Two-Dimensional
Arrays
Suppose an array matrix is created as follows:
int[ ][ ] matrix = new int[10][10];

The following loop initializes the array with user input


values:

٩
Processing Two-Dimensional
Arrays, cont.
The following loop initializes the array with random values between
0 and 99:

١٠
Processing Two-Dimensional
Arrays, cont.
Printing arrays. To print a two-dimensional array, you have to print
each element in the array using a loop like the following:

١١
Processing Two-Dimensional
Arrays, cont.
The following loop for summing elements by column in array.

١٢
Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays to Methods
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PassTwoDimensionalArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Int [ ][ ] m = getArray(); // Get an array
System.out.println("\nSum of all elements is " + sum(m)); // Display sum of elements
}
public static int [ ][ ] getArray() {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); // Create a Scanner
Int [ ][ ] m = new int[3][4];
System.out.println("Enter " + m.length + " rows and "+ m[0].length + " columns: ");
for (int i = 0; i < m.length; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < m[i].length; j++)
m[i][j] = input.nextInt();
return m;
}
public static int sum(int [ ][ ] m) {
int total = 0;
for (int row = 0; row < m.length; row++) {
for (int column = 0; column < m[row].length; column++) {
total += m[row][column];
}
}
return total;
}
١٣
}
Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays to
Methods, cont.

١٤

You might also like