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The document covers fundamental concepts of data communication and computer networks, including definitions of key terms like computer networks, bit rate, baud rate, and protocols. It explains various types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), signal types (analog vs digital), data communication modes, and the processes of analog to digital and digital to analog conversions. Additionally, it discusses transmission media, multiplexing techniques, error detection and correction methods, and compares circuit switching with packet switching.

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23 views5 pages

Question Answer

The document covers fundamental concepts of data communication and computer networks, including definitions of key terms like computer networks, bit rate, baud rate, and protocols. It explains various types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), signal types (analog vs digital), data communication modes, and the processes of analog to digital and digital to analog conversions. Additionally, it discusses transmission media, multiplexing techniques, error detection and correction methods, and compares circuit switching with packet switching.

Uploaded by

bhukansatyam69
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER-1: Fundamentals of Data Communication & Computer Network

(CO1)
2 MARKS
1. Define computer network and state applications of computer network.
o Computer Network: A computer network is a set of computers
connected together for the purpose of sharing resources like data,
applications, or devices such as printers. These connections can be
wired or wireless.
o Applications: File sharing, internet access, communication (email,
video conferencing), sharing devices (printers, scanners), cloud
storage, and resource management.
2. Define bit rate and baud rate.
o Bit Rate: The number of bits transmitted per second in a
communication system.
o Baud Rate: The number of signal changes or symbols transmitted
per second. In some systems, a signal change can represent more
than one bit.
3. Define the following terms:
o Protocol: A set of rules and conventions for communication
between network devices.
o Bandwidth: The capacity of a communication link to transfer data,
measured in bits per second (bps).
4. Explain components of data communication with a neat diagram.
o Components include the sender, receiver, medium, message, and
protocol. The sender transmits data, the receiver accepts it, the
medium is the channel, and protocols ensure communication
consistency.
5. Differentiate between LAN, MAN, and WAN w.r.t. Bandwidth,
Congestion, Maintenance, and Area Coverage.
o LAN (Local Area Network): High bandwidth, low congestion, easy
to maintain, covers small areas like a building.
o MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Moderate bandwidth,
moderate congestion, moderate maintenance, covers a city or
campus.
o WAN (Wide Area Network): Lower bandwidth, high congestion,
complex maintenance, covers large geographic areas like countries
or continents.
6. Differentiate between analog signal and digital signal.
o Analog Signal: Continuous signal representing data with varying
frequency and amplitude.
o Digital Signal: Discrete signal representing data in binary form (0s
and 1s).
7. Describe various modes of data communication.
o Simplex: Data flows in one direction only.
o Half-Duplex: Data flows in both directions but not simultaneously.
o Full-Duplex: Data flows in both directions simultaneously.
8. Explain Analog to Digital (ADC) conversion.
o ADC involves converting continuous analog signals into a digital
format using techniques like sampling, quantization, and encoding.
9. Explain Digital to Analog (DAC) conversion.
o DAC converts digital signals back to analog form. This process
includes steps like decoding and reconstruction using a smoothing
filter.

CHAPTER-2: Transmission Media and Switching (CO2)


2 MARKS
10.Define guided media with its examples.
o Guided Media: Transmission medium that directs data along a
specific path. Examples: Twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and
fiber optic cables.
11.Compare guided and unguided media.
o Guided Media: Physical path for signal transmission (e.g., cables).
o Unguided Media: Wireless media where data travels through air
or space (e.g., radio waves, microwaves).
12.State types of Multiplexing.
o Types: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division
Multiplexing (TDM), and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM).
13.List four unguided media.
o Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, and satellite communication.
4 MARKS
14.Draw a neat diagram of twisted pair cable and state its types.
o Twisted pair cables consist of pairs of insulated wires twisted
together to reduce electromagnetic interference. Types include
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP).
15.Describe UTP and STP on the basis of noise, ease of handling, cost, and
speed.
o UTP: More susceptible to noise, easier to handle, cheaper, and
supports lower speeds.
o STP: Shielded against noise, harder to handle, more expensive,
and supports higher speeds.
16.Draw a neat sketch of fiber optics cable and give transmission
characteristics of fiber optics cable. State its applications.
o Characteristics: High bandwidth, long-distance transmission,
immune to electromagnetic interference, and low attenuation.
o Applications: Internet backbone, telecommunications, cable TV.
17.Explain Satellite Communication.
o Involves the transmission of signals to a satellite in space, which
then retransmits them to the appropriate receiver. Used for
broadcasting, GPS, and global communication.
18.Explain TDM with the help of a diagram.
o TDM (Time Division Multiplexing): Multiple signals share the
same channel but are transmitted in different time slots.
19.Define multiplexing? Compare TDM and FDM.
o Multiplexing: Combining multiple signals into one channel for
transmission.
o TDM: Signals are transmitted in time slots.
o FDM: Signals are transmitted on different frequencies.
20.Explain with neat diagram working of circuit switching.
o Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path
between the sender and receiver before communication starts.
21.Compare circuit switching and packet switching networks.
o Circuit Switching: Dedicated path, better for voice communication,
fixed bandwidth.
o Packet Switching: Data is broken into packets, each taking its own
route, better for data transmission.

CHAPTER-3: Error Detection and Correction (CO3)


2 MARKS
22.Enlist types of errors.
o Types: Single-bit error, burst error.
23.Compare CRC and VRC.
o VRC (Vertical Redundancy Check): Simple parity check method to
detect single-bit errors.
o CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check): More complex method that
detects multiple-bit errors by adding a polynomial-based
checksum to the data.
24.Explain Hamming code.
o Hamming code is an error correction method that adds redundant
bits to data, allowing both error detection and correction.
4 MARKS
25.Explain VRC with example.
o In VRC, a parity bit is added to each data byte to make the number
of 1's either even or odd, depending on the parity scheme used.
26.Explain working of CRC with example.
o CRC works by treating data as a polynomial and dividing it by a
generator polynomial. The remainder is appended to the data as a
checksum.

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