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Learn Programming With C

The document provides an introduction to programming and C++, explaining that programming involves creating instructions for computers using languages like C++. It highlights C++ as a high-level language suitable for various applications and emphasizes the need for a compiler to translate C++ code into machine code. Additionally, it covers essential concepts such as IDEs, syntax, variables, and constants in C++ programming.

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13 views

Learn Programming With C

The document provides an introduction to programming and C++, explaining that programming involves creating instructions for computers using languages like C++. It highlights C++ as a high-level language suitable for various applications and emphasizes the need for a compiler to translate C++ code into machine code. Additionally, it covers essential concepts such as IDEs, syntax, variables, and constants in C++ programming.

Uploaded by

victoriojosephlance
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learn Programming with C++:

A Step-by-Step Introduction
What is Programming ?
Computer programming, or coding, involves
creating sequences of instructions that
computers follow to perform tasks (Wikipedia).
What is Programming ?
Computer programming, or coding, involves
creating sequences of instructions that
computers follow to perform tasks (Wikipedia).
What is Programming ?
Computer programming, or coding, involves
creating sequences of instructions that
computers follow to perform tasks (Wikipedia).

Instruction

CPU
What is Programming ?
Computer programming, or coding, involves
creating sequences of instructions that
computers follow to perform tasks (Wikipedia).

Instruction
R
CPU
What is Programming ?
• Computer programming, or coding, involves
creating sequences of instructions that
computers follow to perform tasks (Wikipedia).
• These instructions can be written using
programming languages like C++.
What is C++ ?
• C++ is a high-level programming language used
to write a software.
• It's widely used for system software, game
development, and applications requiring high
performance.
What is C++ ?
• High-level programming language are languages
that are easy to learn and use, and are
convenient for managing complex tasks.
Can the computer understand C++?
• High-level programming language are languages
that are easy to learn and use, and are
convenient for managing complex tasks.
What is C++ ?
• No, a computer cannot directly understand C++
programming language;
What is C++ ?
• No, a computer cannot directly understand C++
programming language;
• It needs a compiler to translate the C++ code
into machine code, which is the only language a
computer can understand.
What is C++ ?
• It needs a compiler to translate the C++ code
into machine code, which is the only language a
computer can understand.

Compiler
What is C++ ?
• It needs a compiler to translate the C++ code
into machine code, which is the only language a
computer can understand.

Hello World!
Compiler
What is C++ ?
• C++ is a high-level programming language used
to write a software.
• It's widely used for system software, game
development, and applications requiring high
performance.
What is C++ ?
• C++ is a high-level
programming language
used to write a software.
• It's widely used for
system software, game
development, and
applications requiring
high performance.
Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)
Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)
• IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A
tool that helps write, compile, and debug code.

• Example: Dev-C++, Code::Blocks, Visual Studio,


and CLion.
Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)
• IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A
tool that helps write, compile, and debug code.

• Example: Dev-C++, Code::Blocks, Visual Studio,


and CLion.
Dev-C++
What is Dev-C++ ?
What is Dev-C++ ?
• Dev-C++ is a free, integrated development
environment (IDE) for writing, compiling, and
debugging C/C++ programs.
• It's a popular tool for learning C++ and is used by
universities worldwide.
How do download ?
How do download ?
C++ Syntax
• Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library
that lets us work with input and output objects,
such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add
functionality to C++ programs.
• Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use
names for objects and variables from the standard
library.
• Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space. But
we use it to make the code more readable.
• Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++
program is int main(). This is called a function. Any
code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.
C++ Syntax
• Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an
object used together with the insertion
operator (<<) to output/print text. In our
example, it will output "Hello World!".
• Note: C++ is case-sensitive: "cout" and "Cout" has
different meaning.
• Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.
• Note: The body of int main() could also been
written as: int main () { cout << "Hello World! ";
return 0; }
• Line 6: return 0; ends the main function.
• Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to
actually end the main function.
C++ Statements
• A computer program is a list of "instructions" to
be "executed" by a computer.
• In a programming language, these programming
instructions are called statements.
• The following statement "instructs" the
compiler to print the text "Hello World" to the
screen:
C++ Output (Print Text)
• The cout object, together
with the << operator, is
used to output values and
print text.
• Just remember to surround
the text with double quotes
(""):
C++ Output Numbers
• You can also use cout() to print numbers.
• However, unlike text, we don't put numbers
inside double quotes:
C++ Output Numbers
• You can also use cout() to print
numbers.
• However, unlike text, we don't
put numbers inside double
quotes:
• You can also perform
mathematical calculations:
C++ New Lines
• To insert a new
line in your
output, you can
use the \n
character:
C++ Statements
• Comments can be used to explain C++ code, and to make it
more readable. It can also be used to prevent execution
when testing alternative code. Comments can be singled-
lined or multi-lined.
C++ Variables
• Variables are containers for storing data values.
• In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with different
keywords), for example:

• int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -


123
• double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -
19.99
• char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are
surrounded by single quotes
• string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are surrounded by
double quotes
• bool - stores values with two states: true or false
Declaring (Creating) Variables
• To create a variable, specify the type and assign it a
value:

• Where type is one of C++ types (such as int), and


variableName is the name of the variable (such as x
or myName). The equal sign is used to assign values
to the variable.
C++ Identifiers
• All C++ variables must be identified with unique names.
• These unique names are called identifiers.
• Identifiers can be short names (like x and y) or more
descriptive names (age, sum, totalVolume).
• Note: It is recommended to use descriptive names in order to
create understandable and maintainable code:
C++ Identifiers
• The general rules for naming variables are:
• Names can contain letters, digits and underscores
• Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_)
• Names are case-sensitive (myVar and myvar are different
variables)
• Names cannot contain whitespaces or special characters like !, #,
%, etc.
• Reserved words (like C++ keywords, such as int) cannot be used as
names
C++ Constants
When you do not want others (or yourself) to change existing
variable values, use the const keyword (this will declare the
variable as "constant", which means unchangeable and read-
only):

When you declare a constant variable, it must be assigned with a value:

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