Constant.

tow
to ()
)
thecmowelti:
in
Principle tuparsion
Point polut
L
-V!Pp dved
K-223 lineat
(T) uppa
Joule P-32 In o!
Saids
D:. s :
ML Tpoding V!p lo-tlhciont
Convusioms
Unin.
 Jlauo,
lases
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qans
Home
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gain
by
(
upanion )
on
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Coct
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seuond
t6T
gerial Randalan I.
A 1T
A
6T
a VOT
S.
o! te, e aR
lo-tttiat V temo
Vlumy Simple T= Tine
lost
Pa
day
Aael pued Whey
Time
 "hadias "Bimetallie
Ship. kods fs Thume tune Sbain
thmaoT Tsungs
Y= Made
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F:
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Same dove Moduls Ae
unvahue of tantlons =
:
=
Jhip Shess
tewpublutall at Shes (y)
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x Shaln
Shes
d'ssiwilet
mets
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(hange

Al
lagt
!
 ods
both
in junthon.
at
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lons
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bot (onsh
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levelises.
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on enponsion
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th laiioa!
levef
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Vo
lume
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and
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at
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tssy
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inj
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osion
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o
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oudy SR(1+K,0T)
TVe
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wict
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mavimum is tsple
talled The
temp
atat
its
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SRL14
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waa
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aCoustant 0.0o6
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’
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’
Stale Srale
bom rase
for to
tovytihiorn reGured
comthon
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100 +ve
,,0,
to 16-
2.
heat
ntedl o!
keot
squke SeuProcis,S=o
162
we mdt pyotl, o S.-
3|k cel/
dpond be
wt da dt
get
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vale. may cas-
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hdiabaie
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top Qmout ktet
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capaity at
Jeam waa tapaity 0! o!
heat teat apaih
200 ie(ov)
Heat
tapai'
dlpsudty 4 da ndtHeat heat
da ndt
o! haat
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heat
o Speuk.
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yhiat W
mS.
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body tal tuethe Ts
speLih
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 change at
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liguid watu
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heat o
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unkl
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mistes by
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attain Heat Point de dr
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 Heuent. di
umpealats withowt
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le "whenhatth londukon
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eath Hoos achuet
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heat
saime.vedis
abng at secNons movement
moleuly
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te dilelat Dne
One
o. rodaeo
langth o
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by
vod. malaiel
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to
 Pathlu. plee
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of agent -
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ernt entnel
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wit ha
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without o
R+R t presente
Ag the
b thon-
t
lometke
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J Jde Converhon the
Junt
kon
tauplT) +
gion
ve
lon
oSpecd
without
roess
The
proles
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n Natual
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Keu witn
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to
 lok).
ze tmmited
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it it. ths
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by
it
oavelng plaliuy
by
lonhiatously ahiorbed
Absolut
body
all body eHetd
nagy abiovbs
.all
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bed
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at q
derewathumal thelmal buclgy
bruy euept bodyThoneme
= nd ideal
this, tenp o!
body > 2 called (a)
Sbsorbtante
o is is abyorbeNo (r)
Keketonte pe D
Prevost's
thovyt tmp is Qt Yaßo iMeident abo
to al absorbed
by
it it thueis
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by
it
by hon bleK
lamp.
at When radia good the
vadiahon trikd ’ energy enugy
 uni
pee temp.
ad
tace
to pe emmitve
to
fime
tme
unit
unlt tace
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pa wat
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ot
nalue
bansmt podrpu
pe o
(e) body wu
po
tinmissiveaby E(Black
body)
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tMiVe
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emitd tÁA
(sody)
E
(+)
ransmitante t| o! black
chrowiali
ho
Ya jucidat Yako
+
a Depands
Y4
T lono
Poweu
unit aea
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Powe o!
powe
Cmitive suyfoa
body, proporhkonalto
diisncly
emmisive
a0! blauk yg
F(Blkck
body
) 69
(T-14)
S. tamp
pawe atbody) zrann
lStyans-Bolt
au .4empugtuu
absolute
Yaho
lonsant /Aal
e
bed
biov
a ms mnayp
ood
absorbers seBan's body
E(bleue
bod
y)
tbody
o
bodits 2a(body)ECbody) dr T’
Blak
body
o
 (oratat
AT2
is
hon
tonitaut suitable
to waugts
.
oaelngthsayds
WOnuM
tanp.
Somunding
wavelangths
.Eugy tii
Honal'
propor
k+ ty shitts (maniiun
m)
among
ditkint wwlugh
pahtular
*I6
0(olig leins
displatonod
Aaw. is 999
Coust2.
body
black
a al
)
&, emitsbud
(9- dishi Aom
the
spetrun
law k
wovugth
tgion.
do-
2
T
dt Wh
 Thwmodynaies
The branck thel okel wt, heet, tayp
o
Physis
ton Yeasiop

Tegion in Spae boundd by an imeginey

Aeal bounday in which to

doen'y both matb

maea and
bkange
losed - eeanges only Bgy:
gy
’0pen tudangu botn mta
roth law
thauadywanis tuemal
A,9 a in thelma enuilihrita B, oe in
A, t
themet eaulibríuma
Tatenal
total
to Sum

Iuunal is pudly a thati ueon and depads

pat
Gud

dpaads On pooess

is tve, wher Supplid to lystn

(oy abs6r bed by ysem.
 is -ve heat kugy s gjeukod by sky
taken

hlok done lw)

dw p (ADx)
Press
Vaseble

Presut

Voluwe ’ Woyw done -tve

Vo lume J Wore clo me - Ve

Avea unda pv
pV lurve qrves ulork olove.

Ve

ín

alaay!
First lauw M

-Based D Consevabon

lso- bae Proe:

m.
PA
Pessue emasns Conshant:
Chotly law holdh good
 PV =n RT ’ deel
VDp+ PDV,nAOT
(vop eo
alone WznR AT

Aa: n Cp AT

5o- cho rie Dots

. Volume remains tonstont
Cheles seoud lauo bolds good
PaT

V20
W=0

"dempolatu 1emaig toustont

law hods god

Boyei
p

Slope of Lio thsmeel -P

uve

Bulk Mod.uly
 Woyk o
We, 2.303 nR1 log lY) (ogs
VI
44 - Tog 0.6020.

Sdabata Poits.
this pyroess nioa
nuighea heat sis suppli'ed

"Slope o Adabaic usve

(Slope) ( Slapeo

Pois sions lao hold's qood.

Py' tousout. Cy heat

diabah nela hons

lon shant
Comytant

Tp Cous tant.
þdiabatit
Gulk modulus
Keleton bj
R Univsal qas tonlhant
Re g"314 T /m-k
Sp- Sy Y

Degvee ot
keedom (!)
MoMD Ctomtc 3 3R/
Di otomit S

6 3R 4R

Poly topi Pouds Kekhon

pv k
=k

-
Pe k

T2tousht

p'
 LoHe balmting tonolihen bttore htehnq

Seiond law
dadeental lao ot atu
Kelvin -planck Statemat:
T+ is impossible to euboct work
body , By Cobing t lowe than #s Suyroamdlings
(lac sius Shtonagt
trana heet Aom lold booly tu
hot body without the qird
ageny
Convet hdat mechaual
work.

Sink
Sourte substate

9: het toork ooHe by .td9as

heat absorbed
lanot lead qint
T, &,

hdiabebe
Adiebake
&,
N)

(on

hot Working told

eavoi
surshane

Change ttiopy
 dleat Trantku (Contntous)
londu ho:
- dT

K 48Y2

- olt
4RK Y
T
: -JdT

(T-T) 4Kkab
b-a

D! thiekness H'.
PLH2
t

ite bo thitkness H, to H,

t: ll(h,'- h, )

de zkCe-6,)
dt

lnlo-6.) non
 uhy velo Yms
3
speed Mean
moleuey no.o n’
ule mole each o!
enueiked Pesure
taut Cons lmalin oonsthy +>Moleculau
elath
toinh. ton bt luvne Yo
evey
rondomny
ebon possibie wolele
move
molecule the ’
vey
uey mole lald pathles Small tonbai
ptons Ssum
(e-0)
dt dt
de dg
 wit
mommum mplerule tollioli voel!
(iong
’ Aransako nal kint

M
223.1L

qas
’ Relaton
Presure kt

ldoal
k= |38

Bolt mann
Cons tant.
NNo o molecules
n’no o moles
Jfmol-k

Mo
Pv: Myt Mo’ Mo leula mass o
ges.
M Mass

given tenp, pv: kk