COLLEGE OF ENGINEER AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

CECS1010

CS Mini Project

Smart Recycling Bottle Vending Machine

Duong Hien Chi Kien - V202401461

Ngo Dinh Khanh - V202401390
Nguyen Huy Long - V202401304
Le Minh Hieu - V202401625
Nguyen Van Duy Anh - V202401623
Nguyen Quang Huy - V202401400

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL INFORMATION..................................................................................................................2
1.1 Purpose:............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Scope:................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations:........................................................................................................... 3
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................3
2.1 High-Level Structure of the System:................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Use Scenarios:................................................................................................................................... 4
3. MICROFILTRATION DESCRIPTION................................................................................................ 4
3.1. Functional Requirements.................................................................................................................. 4
3.2 Non - Functional Requirements.........................................................................................................4
4. ULTRAFILTRATION REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................5
4.1. Functional Requirements.................................................................................................................. 5
4.2. Non-Functional Requirements..........................................................................................................5
5. NANOFILTRATION REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................. 6
5.1. Functional requirements................................................................................................................... 6
5.2. Non-Functional requirements........................................................................................................... 6
6. REVERSE OSMOSIS REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................7
6.1. Functional requirements................................................................................................................... 7
6.2. Non-Functional Requirements..........................................................................................................7
7. CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................ 7
7.1. Functional requirements................................................................................................................... 7
7.2. Non-Functional Requirements..........................................................................................................8
8. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................... 8
8.1. Functional requirements................................................................................................................... 8
8.2. Non-Functional Requirements..........................................................................................................8
9. OTHER SYSTEM NON - FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS..........................................................8

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1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Purpose:

● Purpose: The purpose of this project is to design and implement a water purification system
tailored for textile factories, focusing on filtering microfibers and other pollutants from
wastewater. This system aims to reduce environmental impact and promote sustainable practices
in the textile industry.

1.2 Scope:

● Scope: This system is designed for large-scale textile factories, addressing microfiber pollution at
the source. It will focus on efficient filtering techniques, low energy consumption, and minimal
operational costs to ensure it can be implemented at industrial levels.

1.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations:

● WWTP: Wastewater Treatment Plant

● MP: Microplastic
● RO: Reverse Osmosis
● NF: Nanofiltration
● UF: Ultrafiltration

2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
2.1 High-Level Structure of the System:

● Diagram: Include a diagram showing the main components such as:

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 ● Short Description of Subsystems:
○ Microfiltration (MF): physical removal of suspended solids - 0.1 to 1 micron.
○ Ultrafiltration (UF): remove pyrogen contaminants from water such as protozoa,
viruses, and bacteria from the flow of water - 0.01 to 0.1 micron.
○ Nanofiltration (NF): Nanofiltration for micro-scale pollutants - 0.001 to 0.01 micron.
○ Reverse Osmosis (RO): remove impurities or contamination from softened water, like
removing organic matter, and separate specific contaminants from water - 0.0001 to 0.001
micron.
○ Control system: Ensures purified water quality, notified users for different failure
scenarios and automatically shutdown option.

2.2 Use Scenarios:

● Scenario 1: Textile factory implements the system to reduce wastewater contamination and
comply with local regulations.
● Scenario 2: A factory integrates the purification system into existing wastewater treatment plants,
significantly reducing microfiber discharge into rivers.
● Scenario 3: Local governments use the system to reduce wastewater contamination, reduce
microfiber and improve local health.

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3. MICROFILTRATION DESCRIPTION
3.1. Functional Requirements

● Have a pore size small enough to capture microplastics typically ranging in size from 1 µm to 5
mm
● The membrane material should be chemically resistant to various substances commonly found in
water, such as detergents, oils, and organic matter
● Able to withstand continuous filtration without frequent replacement or degradation in
performance
● The system must be scalable for different applications, from small-scale household water filters to
large-scale municipal water treatment plants
● Operate with minimal energy requirements

3.2 Non - Functional Requirements

● Efficiency: The system must remove microfibers, E. coli, oil, macromolecules, colloids, and
suspended particles, achieving a minimum of 90% filtration efficiency.
● Capacity: It should handle large volumes of wastewater, processing up to 20 liters per hour (you'd
need a specific value here based on factory needs).
● Contaminant Removal: Must consistently remove E. coli, oil, macromolecules, colloids, and
suspended particles without clogging or significant reduction in efficiency.
● Material: Components must be made of durable, corrosion-resistant materials to withstand harsh
industrial conditions, particularly exposure to oil and other pollutants.
● Maintenance: The system should allow for easy access to all parts for quick maintenance and
repairs. Filter replacement should be straightforward and require minimal downtime.
● Standards Compliance: The system must meet all relevant industry, environmental, and safety
standards, such as ISO 14001 for environmental management.
● Regulations: Ensure compliance with local regulations on wastewater treatment and discharge,
specifically regarding the removal of bacterial contaminants like E. coli.
● Noise Level: It should operate quietly to not add to the industrial noise pollution.
● Scalability:
○ Different models to handle various volumes of water for different applications
○ The layers of filtration can be removed or added based on levels of filtration needed

4. ULTRAFILTRATION REQUIREMENTS
4.1. Functional Requirements

● Filtration of particles smaller than 0.01 microns, including microfibers, bacteria, and small
contaminants, must be done by an ultrafiltration membrane (can have a flow rate of between 0.5
and 1 liter per minute and shall guarantee quick and efficient purification for daily use.)
● The ultrafiltration membrane must withstand regular use with a filtering capacity of at least ~40
liters of water before it requires replacement.

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 ● The ultrafiltration machine must be small enough to fit with the smaller device without loss of
overall performance and hence entourage portability and ease of use.

4.2. Non-Functional Requirements

● Minimal downtime during routine cleaning or filter changes.

● There must be an alteration system to change back-up filter when the original fail
● Scalability:
○ Different models to handle various volumes of water for different applications
○ The layers of filtration can be removed or added based on levels of filtration needed
● Environmental Impact: The system should use materials and processes that have minimal
environmental impact, including low water wastage and efficient energy use
● Compliance with standards: The system should comply with relevant health and safety standards
for filtration and water treatment.
● Cost: the system should be flexible and affordable for various needs including logistical and
manufacturing expenses
● Noise level: the system should be added with noise reducing system if operated on a large scale
● Alteration System: An automated backup system should immediately activate a secondary filter if
the primary filter fails, ensuring uninterrupted filtration. The alteration system must allow for
user-friendly access to change and monitor backup filters efficiently.
● Noise Reduction: For larger-scale operations, noise-dampening technology should be integrated
into the system to reduce operational noise to a comfortable level, ensuring usability in various
environments.
● Compliance with Regulations: The subsystem must adhere to health and safety standards such as
NSF/ANSI for water treatment, ISO 9001 for quality management, and any relevant regional
regulations to ensure safe filtration practices.

5. NANOFILTRATION REQUIREMENTS
5.1. Functional requirements

● Contaminant Removals: The nanofiltration system must effectively and fully remove organic
molecules, viruses, organic matter, and various salts to meet high purity standards.
● Integration: Seamless integration with existing water purification systems, such as reverse
osmosis, UV treatment, and other filtration systems, is essential to streamline water purification
processes.
● Chemical Resistance: The nanofiltration membrane must withstand exposure to harsh chemicals
used in cleaning processes. Protection is needed against chemicals like:
○ Chlorine: Can cause membrane degradation and reduce lifespan.
○ Peroxides: May corrode or weaken the membrane structure over time.
○ Alkaline Cleaners: Used in high concentrations, these can lead to membrane swelling
and compromised filtration efficiency.
● Maintenance Alerts: The system should include a mechanism for notifying personnel when
maintenance or membrane replacement is required. This could be through:
○ SMS or email notifications: Alerts sent to the maintenance team for quick response.

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 ○ Visual and auditory signals: On-site lights or sounds that indicate maintenance needs.
● Automatic Backwashing: A backwashing mechanism should be in place to clean and maintain the
membrane's integrity, ensuring consistent filtration performance and extending membrane life.

5.2. Non-Functional requirements

● Scalability: The system should be available in various models to cater to different volumes and
applications, with adjustable filtration layers based on specific filtration needs. Example models
could include:
○ Small-Scale Models: Suitable for households or small commercial applications, handling
low volumes of water (up to 100 liters per day).
○ Medium-Scale Models: Designed for medium-sized operations, such as small industries
or community water purification, with capacities of 100–1,000 liters per day.
○ Large-Scale Models: Ideal for large industries and municipalities, handling high
volumes (over 1,000 liters per day) and providing customizable layers for varying
filtration levels.
● Efficiency: The system should be designed to use resources and energy efficiently, minimizing
waste and reducing operational costs.
● Safety: The nanofiltration system must ensure the safety of operators and the environment, with
features such as a safe mode that automatically activates in cases of malfunction to prevent
hazards.
● Durability: Components should be designed for long-term use, with high resistance to wear and
tear to ensure reliability over time.
● Cost-effectiveness: The system should offer a balance between initial investment and long-term
operational expenses, making it an economically viable choice.
● Environmental friendliness: The system has to minimize hazardous impacts on the environment
including mitigating carbon footprints and waste released into the ecosystem.

6. REVERSE OSMOSIS REQUIREMENTS

6.1. Functional requirements

● Filtration capability: The system must filter particles smaller than 0.0001 to 0.001 microns,
effectively removing dissolved salts, ions, heavy metals, and microorganisms
● Water Recovery Rate: The system should maximize water recovery, minimizing wastewater while
ensuring high-quality filtered water output
● High pressure operation
● Structure: Membrane element made in spiral form by coiling membranes that are 40-60 inches
long, diameters around 8-10 inches but vary on operational scale
● Water quality: Remove viruses, organic molecules, most minerals from water, after this last
section, intake water will become pure water
● Salt rejection: The system must achieve a high salt rejection rate (typically 95-99%) to produce
fresh water suitable for drinking or industrial purposes

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6.2. Non-Functional Requirements

● Durability and Reliability: The components of the system should be durable , and reliable,
ensuring long - term operation with minimal maintenance.
● Compliance: The system should comply with relevant standards technology, regarding NSF/ANSI
58 for drinking water/ portable water treatment system.
● Environmental: The system should be manufactured using eco-friendly materials
● Scalability:
○ Different models to handle various volumes of water for different applications
○ The layers of filtration can be removed or added based on levels of filtration needed
● Maintenance: The system should be easy to maintain, with accessible components for regular
filter and membrane replacements, and it should offer clear guidance or notifications on required
maintenance
● Structure: Structure should be replaceable immediately to avoid failing system

7. CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

7.1. Functional requirements

● Automatic Flush and Cleaning: the system should include an automatic membrane flushing or
cleaning cycle to prevent clogging and maintain filtration efficiency
● Flow rate: The system must maintain a specified flow rate and be able to adjust operating
pressure based on the feed water conditions.
● Monitoring: The system should include sensors to detect leaks in the membranes or piping,
ensuring no unfiltered water contaminates the output.
● Safety Controls: Ensuring safety mechanisms are in place to automatically shut down the system
in case of critical failures or hazardous conditions
● Quality Control: Ensuring that the output water source acquire

7.2. Non-Functional Requirements

● Uptime: The system must operate with an uptime of at least 90%, ensuring minimal downtime.
● Failure Rate: The probability of system failure should be less than 10% within the first year of
operation.
● Durability:
○ The system can handle different types of weather and harsh chemical compounds
○ Having stabilizer to support the system in case of emergency

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8. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
8.1. Functional requirements

● Real-time Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of the system's performance metrics such as flow
rate, pressure, and filtration efficiency. Alerts can be generated for any deviations through
notifications
● Automated Operations: Implementing automated start/stop functions, backwashing cycles, and
cleaning processes to minimize manual intervention and maintain optimal performance
● Data Logging and Analysis: Collecting and analyzing data on the system's performance over time
to identify trends, predict maintenance needs, and optimize operations. Provide visualized data
through charts,... for users to understand.
● Remote Access and Control: Providing remote access capabilities so operators can manage the
system from anywhere, ensuring quick response to issues and adjustments as needed
● User Interface: A user-friendly control panel or software interface that displays key performance
indicators and allows for easy adjustment of settings
● Reports: Generate reports for compliance with environmental regulations and sustainability goals.

8.2. Non-Functional Requirements

● Updates: Notifications about system performance, such as daily filtration rates and energy
consumption.

9. OTHER SYSTEM NON - FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

● Additional equipment: feed pumping equipment, chemical dosing equipment,etc
● Post treatment: The system should optionally include post-treatment (such as UV sterilization or
remineralization) to improve water quality for specific applications
● Have supervisors in case of malfunction
● The system must be kept in room temperature
● Output water can be modified for different purposes (e.g. drinking water)
● Lifespan: The system should be built to last for at least 10 years with regular maintenance.
● Support: The manufacturer should provide comprehensive support, including trained personnel
for on-site repairs and remote troubleshooting.
● Design: While functionality is key, the system should have a clean, user-friendly design.
● Installation: The system should be easy to installed and transported through different parts that
can attached together after transportation
● Efficiency: The system should be designed to minimize energy consumption while maintaining
high filtration efficiency.