Differential Equations And Applications (MAS201)

Final Exam 2010. 5. 21 (Fri), 19:00 ∼ 22:00

Spring 2010 MAS201

Student ID :

Full Name :

Seat Number :

Class : A B C D E Do not write in this box.

Directions

• YOU MUST turn off your mobile phone.

• No items other than pen, pencil, eraser and your ID Card are allowed.
• Before you start, fill out the identification section on the title page and on the header of
each page with an inerasable pen.
• Show your work for full credit and write the final answer to each problem in the box provided.
• Ask permission by raising your hand if you have some question or need to go to the toilet.
• Any attempt to cheat in the exam leads to serious disciplinary actions not limited to failing the
exam or the course.

Do not write in this table.

Problem Score Problem Score Problem Score
1 5 9

2 6 10

3 7 11

4 8 12

TOTAL

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 POLICY FOR CHEATING

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problems answered up to that time.

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Expelled immediately; you will get scores with the problems answered up to that time.

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Expelled immediately; NO score.

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Proxy test taking is subject to disciplinary action. NO score will be given, and you will be reported
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reported to the department.

I hereby confirm that I have read all the instructions written above, and I will follow the policy faithfully.

Signature:
MAS201 Student ID: Name:

1. [15pts]
(a) (8pts) Consider the undamped oscillator of the mass m and the spring constant k(> 0):
mx00 + kx = 0, x(0) = 0, x0(0) = 1.
Solve the initial value problem and express the period T of x in terms of m and k.

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(b) (7pts) Find a particular solution of

1
y 00 + y = .
sin t

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2. [15pts] Use Laplace transform to solve the initial value problem

y 00 + 9y = cos 3t, y(0) = 2, y 0(0) = 5.

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MAS201 Student ID: Name:

3. [20pts]
(a) (6pts) Prove that zero is a ordinary point for the differential equation
(1 − x)y 0 − y = 0.

(b) (6pts) Find a power series representation for a solution to the differential equation.

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(c) (4pts) Explain why it is not possible to use your power series solution to solve the initial value
problem given by the above differential equation and the initial value y(2) = 2.

(d) (4pts) Use a different method to solve the above initial value problem.

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MAS201 Student ID: Name:

4. [20pts] Confluent hypergeometric functions can be defined by two linearly independent solutions to
Kummer’s equation
xy 00 + (b − x)y 0 − ay = 0,
where a and b are constants.
(a) (8pts) Explain why x = 0 is a regular singular point for Kummer’s equation and derive the
indicial equation.

(b) (7pts) Suppose that b is not an integer. Use Frobenius’ theorem to deduce the form of the
general solution. (You need not find explicit relations for the series coefficients).

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MAS201 Student ID: Name:

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(c) (5pts) Suppose that a = 1 and b = 3/2. Use the power series method to find the first four
nonzero terms for the solution y that is bounded as x → 0+ such that y(0) = 1.

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MAS201 Student ID: Name:

5. [15pts] Consider the system of ODE

X0 = AX,
where  
1 2 2
A =  0 0 2 .
0 3 1
(a) (9pts) Find the fundamental set of solutions.

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(b) (6pts) Solve the initial value problem: X0 = AX, X(0) = [1, 1, −1]T .

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6. [15pts] Use variation of parameters to solve the given system.

   
−1 1 1
X0 = X+ .
−2 1 cos t

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7. [15pts] Let  
1 a b
A =  0 1 c ,
0 0 2
where a, b, and c are constants.
(a) (5pts) Find the eigenvalues of A and determine conditions on a, b, and c that ensure three
linearly independent eigenvectors can be obtained from the eigenvalues.

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(b) (10pts) Find a general solution to the system

X0 = AX,
for the case a = 0 and b = c = 1.

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MAS201 Student ID: Name:

8. [15pts] Compute etA for  

1 1 0
A =  0 1 0 .
0 0 1
Hint: When a square matrix A has only one eigenvalue λ and satisfies (A − λI)k = 0, we have

t(A−λI) t2 2 tk−1
e = I + t(A − λI) + (A − λI) + · · · + (A − λI)k−1.
2! (k − 1)!
Hence,
tA λt
h t2 2 tk−1 k−1
i
e =e I + t(A − λI) + (A − λI) + · · · + (A − λI) .
2! (k − 1)!

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MAS201 Student ID: Name:

9. [15pts] Use Laplace transform to find the matrix exponential eAt for
 
4 −2
A= .
1 1

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MAS201 Student ID: Name:

10. [15pts] Assume the predator population is x and the prey population is y. In the usual Lotke-Volterra
predator-prey model, we assumed that the prey population grows exponentially in the absence of
predators. But this is not very realistic. So we modify the Lotke-Volterra predator-prey model so
that the prey grow according to a logistic model in the absence of predators. Using K for the
carrying capacity of the prey population, the modified Lotke-Volterra predator-prey model is given
as follows.    
d x −ax + bxy
= ,
dt y y(K − y) − dxy
where a, b, and d are positive numbers and K is a positive real number satisfying K > a/b.
(a) (7pts) Find all critical points of the model.

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(b) (3pts) There is one critical point inside the first quadrant (not on the boundary). Classify that
critical point as ”stable”, ”unstable”, or ”the second derivative test gives no conclusion”.

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(c) (5pts) Show that the first quadrant is an invariant region for this model.

11. [20pts] Consider the second order differential equation x00 + (x0)2 + x = 0.
(a) (6pts) Show that the origin is the only critical point. What does linearization tell you about the
nature of this critical point?

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(b) (2pts) Show that the phase plane method leads to Bernoulli equation
dy
= −y − xy −1.
dx

(c) (4pts) Solve this equation. (Hint: let u = y 2)

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(d) (4pts) Show that the solution satisfying x(0) = x0, x0(0) = 0 is not periodic for x0 ≥ 1/2.

(e) (4pts) Show that the solution satisfying x(0) = x0, x0(0) = 0 is periodic for 0 < x0 < 1/2.

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12. [20pts] Consider the following second-order nonlinear differential equation

x00 = x0[1 − 3x2 − 2(x0)2] − x.
(a) (6pts) Change the equation to a system of first-order differential equation.

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(b) (6pts) Find all critical points.

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(c) (4pts) Find an invariant region for the system.

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(d) (4pts) Show that there is at least one periodic solution.

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