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Shared understanding: On India-France ties

The Modi visit to France held broader strategic implications

During his visit to France this week, Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated that India and France could
be a force for “global transformation”. This statement carried significant geopolitical context for both
him and his host, French President Emmanuel Macron. The visit took place just before Mr. Modi’s
scheduled trip to Washington, where the Trump administration’s unpredictability has reshaped global
dynamics. This was Mr. Modi’s sixth visit to France as Prime Minister, while Mr. Macron has travelled
to India three times, fostering their visible rapport. In Paris, they co-chaired the AI Action Summit,
before travelling to Marseille. There, they inaugurated a new Indian consulate, visited a multilateral
thermonuclear reactor project, and toured a shipping company. Their discussions focused on
strengthening the defence partnership, reviewing deals on missiles, helicopter and jet engines. India
also offered Indian-made rocket launchers. Days after the Modi government announced amendments
to India’s nuclear liability laws, both countries agreed to develop small modular reactors and advance
the long-stalled civil nuclear deal. The leaders discussed global conflicts, including those in Ukraine
and Gaza. They also reaffirmed their commitment to advancing the India-Middle East-Europe
Economic Corridor, an initiative in which both countries play a key role that is contingent on West
Asian stability. Mr. Macron referred to India and France as two great powers that are closely aligned,
emphasising that while they seek stronger engagement with the U.S. and China, neither wishes to be
dependent on any one power.

Beyond bilateral ties, Mr. Modi’s visit had broader strategic implications. The leaders addressed global
challenges such as climate change, trade disruptions, and the evolving risks posed by AI. However, a
key issue both sides remained discreet about was on how to navigate relations with Washington.
While both leaders seek to maintain positive ties with Mr. Trump, they are wary of his unpredictable
policies, including his approach to tariffs, economic measures, and his unilateral stance on global
conflicts. Mr. Macron, in an interview after Mr. Modi’s departure, did not hold back in criticising U.S.
policy on Gaza, asserting that what is needed there is a humanitarian operation, not a “real-estate
operation”. Mr. Trump’s independent dealings with Russia and China, often made without consulting
key allies in Europe or the Indo-Pacific, and his disregard for the multilateral order, could become a
longer-term subject of discussion between Mr. Modi and Mr. Macron. In the months ahead, India and
France will likely find greater alignment in their shared understanding of global challenges and their
pursuit of collaborative solutions. [Practice Exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

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Vocabulary
1. Ties (noun) – Relations, Bonds, 12. Summit (noun) – Conference, Meeting,
Connections, Links, Associations Assembly, Gathering, Forum

2. Strategic (adjective) – Tactical, Planned,

Calculated, Deliberate, Key 13. Inaugurate (verb) – Launch, Begin, Initiate,
Commence, Open
3. Implication (noun) – Consequence,
Ramification, Effect, Outcome, Significance
14. Consulate (noun) – Embassy, Diplomatic
office, Mission, Delegation, Representation

4. State (verb) – Declare, Assert, Express,

Affirm, Announce 15. Multilateral (adjective) – Joint, Collective,
Collaborative, Cooperative, Shared
5. Geopolitical (adjective) – Political, Global,
International, Strategic, Diplomatic -
16. Tour (verb) – Visit, Explore, Travel, Inspect,
Journey
6. Host (noun) – Organizer, Presenter,
Anchor, Entertainer, Recipient 17. Strengthen (verb) – Reinforce, Fortify,
Bolster, Enhance, Intensify
7. Take place (phrase) – To happen or occur.
18. Liability (noun) – Responsibility,
Obligation, Accountability, Burden, Debt
8. Unpredictability (noun) – Uncertainty,
Instability, Volatility, Unreliability,
Inconsistency 19. Long-stalled (adjective) – Delayed,
Postponed, Hindered, Stuck, Deferred
9. Dynamic (noun) – Change, Movement,
Activity, Energy, Force
20. Reaffirm (verb) – Confirm, Reiterate,
10. Foster (verb) – Encourage, Promote,
Restate, Assert, Validate
Nurture, Cultivate, Support
21. Commitment (noun) – Dedication,
11. Rapport (noun) – Connection, Bond,
Devotion, Pledge, Promise, Obligation
Harmony, Understanding, Relationship

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22. Advance (verb) – Progress, Promote, 34. Unilateral (adjective) – One-sided,

Further, Boost, Accelerate Independent, Solo, Autonomous, Exclusive

23. Contingent (on) (adjective) – Dependent,

Conditional, Subject, Reliant, Based 35. Stance (noun) – Position, Attitude,
Standpoint, Viewpoint, Perspective
24. Stability (noun) – Steadiness, Firmness,
Balance, Constancy, Security 36. Departure (noun) – Exit, Leaving,
Withdrawal, Farewell, Going
25. Aligned (adjective) – Allied, United,
Coordinated, Harmonized, Integrated 37. Hold back (phrasal verb) – To restrain or
refrain from doing something.

26. Emphasise (verb) – Highlight, Stress, 38. Criticise (verb) – Condemn, Blame,
Underline, Accentuate, Reinforce Censure, Disapprove, Reprimand

27. Seek (verb) – Pursue, Search, Aim, Strive,

Request 39. Assert (verb) – Declare, Affirm, State,
Insist, Maintain
28. Engagement (noun) – Involvement,
Participation, Interaction, Commitment,
40. Humanitarian (adjective) –
Connection Compassionate, Charitable, Benevolent,
Altruistic, Philanthropic
29. Address (verb) – Tackle, Handle, Resolve,
Confront, Manage 41. Often (adverb) – Frequently, Regularly,
Repeatedly, Commonly, Habitually
30. Pose (verb) – Present, Create, Cause, Raise,
Introduce 42. Ally (noun) – Partner, Supporter,
Collaborator, Associate, Friend
31. Discreet (adjective) – Cautious, Tactful,
Prudent, Careful, Judicious 43. Disregard (for) (noun) – Ignorance,
Neglect, Indifference, Disrespect,
32. Navigate (verb) – Steer, Manage, Guide,
Negligence
Direct, Handle
44. Alignment (noun) – Agreement,
33. Wary (of) (adjective) – Cautious, Careful,
Coordination, Harmony, Alliance,
Suspicious, Hesitant, Alert
Integration

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45. Pursuit (noun) – Quest, Search, Endeavor, 46. Collaborative (adjective) – Cooperative,
Chase, Aim Joint, Collective, Shared, Team-based

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Summary of the Editorial

1. India-France as a Global Force – PM Modi stated that India and France could drive “global
transformation” during his visit to France.
2. Significant Geopolitical Context – The visit occurred ahead of Modi’s trip to Washington,
highlighting the shifting global dynamics due to the Trump administration’s unpredictability.
3. Frequent High-Level Engagements – Modi has visited France six times as PM, while Macron
has visited India three times, reflecting strong bilateral ties.
4. AI Action Summit Co-Chaired – Modi and Macron led the AI Action Summit, showcasing
cooperation in emerging technologies.
5. Strengthening Defence Ties – Discussions included missile systems, helicopters, and jet engine
deals, along with India’s offer of locally made rocket launchers.
6. Progress on Civil Nuclear Deal – After India amended its nuclear liability laws, both countries
agreed to develop small modular reactors and advance the long-stalled civil nuclear
agreement.
7. Global Conflict Discussions – The leaders discussed Ukraine, Gaza, and broader security issues
affecting international stability.
8. Economic Corridor Commitment – Both nations reaffirmed their role in the India-Middle East-
Europe Economic Corridor, which relies on West Asian stability.
9. Strategic Autonomy from Major Powers – Macron emphasized that both India and France
seek engagement with the U.S. and China but want to remain independent.
10. Climate Change and Trade Disruptions – The visit addressed global challenges, including
environmental concerns, trade policies, and AI risks.
11. Cautious Approach to Trump’s Policies – Both leaders seek good relations with Trump but are
wary of his erratic policies on tariffs, economic measures, and international conflicts.
12. Macron’s Criticism of U.S. Policy on Gaza – After Modi’s visit, Macron criticized the U.S.,
asserting the need for humanitarian intervention rather than a “real-estate operation.”
13. Concerns over Trump’s Unilateralism – Trump's independent dealings with Russia and China,
without consulting allies, raise concerns for India and France.
14. Focus on Multilateralism – Both nations value global cooperation and may find common
ground in countering Trump’s disregard for international institutions.
15. Future Alignment on Global Issues – India and France are expected to deepen cooperation on
shared global challenges and collaborative solutions.

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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. What is the tone of the passage? [Editorial Page]
A. Diplomatic and Analytical
B. Pessimistic and Alarmist
C. Casual and Light-hearted
D. Aggressive and Confrontational
2. During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to France, what key development took place
concerning India’s nuclear liability laws?
A. India revoked its nuclear liability laws altogether.
B. India and France agreed to develop small modular reactors.
C. France withdrew from all nuclear collaborations with India.
D. India imposed stricter restrictions on nuclear technology transfers.
3. Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the strategic approach of India
and France in global affairs?
A. They prioritize engagement with the U.S. and China but aim to maintain strategic
autonomy.
B. They seek complete dependence on the U.S. for security and economic stability.
C. Their primary focus is solely on resolving conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza.
D. They prefer to avoid global economic and security alliances.
4. What global issue did French President Macron openly criticize after Prime Minister Modi’s
departure?
A. Trade disruptions
B. Climate change
C. U.S. policy on Gaza
D. Artificial Intelligence risks
5. Based on the passage, what is a potential long-term concern for India and France regarding
U.S. foreign policy?
A. The rise of Artificial Intelligence in global conflicts
B. Trump's unilateral dealings with Russia and China
C. The lack of economic cooperation between India and France
D. Climate change initiatives lacking support from the U.S.
6. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
I have a __________ for reading and want to become a writer when I grow up.
A. tallow
B. unity
C. passion
D. dream
7. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Excessive

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A. Moderate
B. Desirable
C. Inordinate
D. Flow
8. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
The coaches decided to _____ the regulations more strictly because the candidates were not
paying attention during their training sessions
A. provide
B. enjoy
C. enforce
D. supply
9. Select the option that correctly rectifies the underlined spelling error.
The scientist made an appauling discovery about the environmental impact of the drug.
A. appawling
B. apalling
C. appalling
D. appaulling
10. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains
a grammatical error.
There has been / an increase of the number / of road / accidents recently.
A. accidents recently
B. an increase of the number
C. of road
D. there has been
11. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined words in the given
sentence.
Solving the riddle given by our teacher is farther beyond our capacity.
A. farthest
B. far
C. fare
D. fair
12. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
I checked the ____________ to see if it will be rain or sunshine
A. wither
B. whether
C. wether
D. weather
13. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains
a grammatical error.
He was constantly / gazing on the / crime scene to / find some clues.
A. crime scene to

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B. he was constantly
C. find some clues
D. gazing on the
14. Select the option that has used the correct tense.
A. Yesterday, we are painting the door when a neighbour stop by to say hello.
B. Yesterday, we were painting the door when a neighbour stopped by to say hello.
C. Yesterday, we will be painting the door when a neighbour stops by to say hello.
D. Yesterday, we was painting the door when a neighbour stopping by to say hello.
15. Select the most appropriate option that can replace the underlined segment in the given
sentence.
No sooner had they left their home that it started raining heavily
A. their home that it start
B. their home than it starts
C. their home than it started
D. there home than it started
16. Select the word that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word in the given sentence.
The name should also be beneficial to a strong, long-lasting marketing campaign.
A. Detrimental
B. Advantageous
C. Causal
D. Desirable
17. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word in the given sentence.
Although she is virtuous in her deeds, people misinterpret her because of her open and bold
nature
A. wicked
B. commendable
C. sane
D. moral
18. Select the option that rectifies the error in the usage of the future tense in the given
sentence.
Shivani go to school tomorrow for prize distribution
A. Shivani had gone to school tomorrow for prize distribution.
B. Shivani goes to school tomorrow for prize distribution.
C. Shivani will go to school tomorrow for prize distribution.
D. Shivani has gone to school tomorrow for prize distribution
19. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given
sentence.
Osmium is heavy metal in the periodic table.
A. the most heavy
B. heavier
C. more heavy

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D. the heaviest
20. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given phrase.
Something that has the quality of being easily broken
A. Damage
B. Brittle
C. Broken
D. Hard
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
It was just before noon on June 26, 1975, and my friend and I were out exploring the bustling
by-lanes of Delhi’s Karol Bagh, unaware that the Emergency had been declared, and that it
would change our lives in ways we could have never ___1___. Though Indira Gandhi had
herself announced the Emergency in a national broadcast at 8 am, IST, the news took its own
time to reach the common people who went about their business as always. However, two
hours into our outing, we ___2___ something was wrong. The pavement shops began to thin
out as we watched and the bigger outlets too looked ready to ___3___; many of them worked
behind half-downed shutters. We were young but fancied ourselves as political animals, which
at the time was shorthand for being passionately anti-Congress and anti-Indira. There was no
way we were going to head home without knowing what had happened.
There was already considerable excitement in our small friends’ circle over two ___4___
developments: the June 12, 1975 Allahabad high court ruling unseating Indira for electoral
malpractices and the Congress’s unexpected defeat in the State election in Gujarat. The
Supreme Court had allowed Indira to continue as prime minister but that did not ___5___ our
joy; it was a technical reprieve that did not lessen the political blow she had received.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. undermined
B. targeted
C. betrothed
D. imagined
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
A. received
B. sensed
C. created
D. feigned
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. open up
B. pop up
C. wrap up
D. chicken out

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24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

A. mistakes
B. landmark
C. production
D. flaws
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.
A. adopted
B. dampen
C. magnified
D. diminished

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Answers
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10.B 11.B
12. D 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.B 21.D 22.B
23. C 24.B 25.B [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. A) Diplomatic and Analytical
A: The passage maintains a formal and neutral tone while discussing India-France relations,
strategic partnerships, and global implications. It provides an objective analysis of the visit's
significance and avoids taking an extreme stance.
B: The passage does not express undue concern or negativity about any situation; rather, it
focuses on cooperation and future prospects.
C: The content is formal, discussing geopolitical relations and strategic ties, making it
inappropriate to describe it as casual or light-hearted.
D: The passage does not adopt a hostile tone towards any country or entity. It objectively
discusses India-France relations and their stance on global issues.
2. B) India and France agreed to develop small modular reactors.
A: India did not revoke its nuclear liability laws but announced amendments to them.
B: The passage states that "Days after the Modi government announced amendments to India's
nuclear liability laws, both countries agreed to develop small modular reactors and advance
the long-stalled civil nuclear deal."
C: France did not withdraw from nuclear collaborations; rather, both countries advanced their
agreements.
D: India did not impose stricter restrictions; instead, it worked towards collaboration on
nuclear projects.
3. A) They prioritize engagement with the U.S. and China but aim to maintain strategic
autonomy.
A: The passage states that both India and France "seek stronger engagement with the U.S. and
China, neither wishes to be dependent on any one power," indicating their preference for
strategic autonomy.
B: The passage clarifies that while both countries engage with the U.S., they do not wish to be
dependent on it.
C: Although Ukraine and Gaza were discussed, they are not the primary focus of India-France
relations.
D: The passage highlights multiple alliances, including the India-Middle East-Europe Economic
Corridor, showing that India and France are actively involved in global alliances.
4. C) U.S. policy on Gaza
After Modi's visit, Macron strongly criticized the U.S. approach to Gaza, stating that a
humanitarian operation was needed rather than a "real-estate operation."
A: While trade was discussed, Macron's criticism specifically targeted U.S. policy on Gaza.

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B: This was a topic of discussion but not something Macron directly criticized after Modi's
departure.
D: AI risks were addressed in the meeting, but Macron's criticism was directed at the U.S.
stance on Gaza.
5. B) Trump's unilateral dealings with Russia and China
The passage highlights that Trump's independent foreign policy decisions, particularly with
Russia and China, often exclude key allies like France and India. This could become a long-term
concern for both nations.
A: While AI risks were discussed, they were not highlighted as a long-term concern regarding
U.S. foreign policy.
C: There is no mention of India-France economic ties being weak; the concern is mainly about
the U.S.'s unpredictable policies.
D: Climate change was a topic, but the passage does not indicate it as a major long-term issue
specifically related to U.S. foreign policy.
6. C) Passion' का use होगा। क्योंकक "passion" का अर्थ है ककसी चीज़ के प्रति गहरी रुचच या उत्साह।
sentence में यह बिाया गया है कक व्यक्क्ि को पढ़ने में रुचच है और वह ऱेखक बनना चाहिा है। यह
दर्ाथिा है कक व्यक्क्ि में गहरी रुचच या जुनून है , इसलऱए 'passion' सही है। 'Tallow' का अर्थ होिा है पर्ु
वसा, जो इस सॊदर्थ में अप्रासॊचगक है । 'Unity' का अर्थ है एकिा, जो यहाॊ किट नहीॊ बैठिा क्योंकक यह ककसी
व्यक्क्िगि रुचच को व्यक्ि नहीॊ करिा। 'Dream' का अर्थ है सपना, ऱेककन यह यहाॊ किट नहीॊ बैठिा
क्योंकक 'dream' में गहरी रुचच या जुनून नहीॊ ददखिा, जबकक 'passion' करिा है ।
'Passion' is grammatically and contextually correct because it refers to a strong interest or
enthusiasm for something. The sentence mentions a deep interest in reading and a desire to
become a writer, which aligns with the meaning of 'passion.' 'Tallow' means animal fat,
irrelevant in this context. 'Unity' means togetherness, which doesn't align with the idea of
personal interest. 'Dream' refers to an aspiration but lacks the depth of strong interest or
enthusiasm that 'passion' conveys, making it less suitable here.
7. A) Excessive (adjective) – More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate, extreme.
अत्यचिक
Antonym: Moderate (adjective) – Average in amount, intensity, quality, or degree; not
excessive, balanced. मध्यम, सॊिलु ऱि
 Desirable (adjective) – Worth having or seeking; pleasing, attractive. वाॊछनीय, आकर्थक
 Inordinate (adjective) – Excessively large, unrestrained, disproportionate. अतिकाल्पतनक,
अत्यचिक

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 Flow (noun/verb) – A steady, continuous stream of something; to move continuously.

प्रवाह, बहना
8. C) 'Enforce' सही answer है क्योंकक इसका अर्थ है तनयमों या कानूनों का पाऱन सुतनक्चचि करना। वाक्य
में सॊदर्थ यह है कक कोच ने तनयमों को सख्िी से ऱागू करने का तनर्थय लऱया क्योंकक उम्मीदवार प्रलर्ऺर्
सत्रों के दौरान ध्यान नहीॊ दे रहे र्े। 'Provide' का अर्थ है दे ना या उपऱब्ि कराना, जो यहाॉ उपयुक्ि नहीॊ है ।
'Enjoy' का अर्थ है आनॊद ऱेना, जो इस सॊदर्थ में अप्रासॊचगक है । 'Supply' का अर्थ है कुछ उपऱब्ि कराना,
जो तनयम ऱागू करने की र्ावना के अनरू
ु प नहीॊ है ।
Enforce' is correct because it means to ensure compliance with laws, rules, or regulations. The
context indicates that the coaches decided to implement the rules more strictly as the
candidates were not paying attention during training sessions. 'Provide' means to give or
supply, which does not fit as the sentence refers to implementing rules. 'Enjoy' means to take
pleasure in something, which is irrelevant here. 'Supply' means to make something available,
which does not align with the idea of implementing or imposing regulations.
9. C) The correct spelling of ‘appauling’ is ‘appalling’ which means “very bad or shocking”
र्यानक, र्यावह.
10. B) 'an increase of the number' 'an increase in the number' use ोंक ‘increase’
'in' Preposition use क ै, क 'of'; ै — There has been an increase in the
number of COVID-19 cases.
'an increase in the number' will be used instead of 'an increase of the number' because the
preposition 'in' is used with 'increase,' not 'of'; Like— There has been an increase in the
number of COVID-19 cases.
11. B) यहाॉ 'farther' का use गऱि है क्योंकक 'farther' का उपयोग मुख्यि् र्ौतिक दरू ी (physical distance)
को व्यक्ि करने के लऱए होिा है । वाक्य के सॊदर्थ के अनुसार, ववचारों की या समझ की अमूिथ दरू ी
(abstract distance) की बाि हो रही है। ऐसे में 'far' का उपयोग करना सही होगा। जैसे— This task is far
beyond my abilities.
The word 'farther' is incorrect here because it is generally used to indicate physical distance. In
the given sentence, the context is about an abstract distance of understanding or capacity.
Therefore, the appropriate word is 'far.' For example: This task is far beyond my abilities
12. D) Weather' सही answer है क्योंकक यह "मौसम की क्थर्ति" को दर्ाथिा है , जैसे बाररर् या िप
ू । 'Wither'
का अर्थ है "मुरझाना," 'Whether' conjunction है , और 'Wether' एक बचिया र्ेड़ के लऱए प्रयक्
ु ि होिा है ,
जो यहाॉ अप्रासॊचगक है । 'Wither': यह verb है और यहाॉ noun की आवचयकिा है । 'Whether': यह

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conjunction है और यहाॉ noun की जगह पर fit नहीॊ होगा। 'Wether': यह noun है ऱेककन इसका अर्थ
वाक्य से मेऱ नहीॊ खािा।
'Weather' is correct because it refers to the condition of the atmosphere, such as rain or
sunshine, which the speaker wants to check. 'Wither' means to dry up, 'Whether' is a
conjunction indicating choices, and 'Wether' is a term for a castrated ram, all of which are
irrelevant to the context Wither': This is a verb, while the sentence requires a noun, making it
grammatically incorrect. 'Whether': This is a conjunction and does not function as a noun.
'Wether': Although it is a noun, it refers to an animal and is contextually incorrect
13. D) ‘gazing on the’ के बदऱे ‘gazing at the’ का use होगा क्योंकक 'gaze' के बाद सही preposition 'at'
होिा है जब ककसी चीज़ की ओर ध्यानपूवक
थ दे खने की बाि होिी है । जैस—
े The boy was gazing at the
stars in the night sky.
gazing on the' should be replaced with 'gazing at the' because the correct preposition after
'gaze' is 'at' when referring to looking intently at something. For example— The boy was gazing
at the stars in the night sky.
14. B) Yesterday, we were painting the door when a neighbour stopped by to say hello.
‘were painting’ का use सही है क्योंकक यह Past Continuous Tense को दर्ाथिा है , जो एक किया
(painting) को अिीि में चऱ रही क्थर्ति में ददखािा है। ‘stopped’ का प्रयोग Past Simple Tense में सही
है क्योंकक यह किया उस समय पूरी हो चक
ु ी र्ी और ongoing action को बाचिि कर रही र्ी। ‘yesterday’
Past Tense का सॊकेि दे िा है , अि् पूरा वाक्य Past Tense में होना चादहए।
were painting’ is correct as it indicates Past Continuous Tense, describing an ongoing action in
the past. ‘stopped’ is correct in Past Simple Tense as it refers to a completed action that
interrupted the ongoing action. ‘yesterday’ signals the use of the Past Tense, so the entire
sentence must follow this tense structure.
15. C) that' के बदऱे 'than' का use होगा क्योंकक 'No sooner' के बाद हमेर्ा 'than' का प्रयोग ककया जािा है ।
sentence structure इस प्रकार होिी है : No sooner had + subject + past participle + than + subject
+ verb (past tense) अि् 'that it started' को 'than it started' से बदऱना होगा।
The word 'than' will be used instead of 'that' because 'No sooner' is always followed by 'than.'
The correct sentence structure is:
No sooner had + subject + past participle + than + subject + verb (past tense)
Therefore, 'that it started' should be replaced with 'than it started.'
16. A) Beneficial (adjective) - Advantageous, helpful, favorable, or profitable. ऱार्कारी, उपयोगी,
अनुकूऱ
Antonym: Detrimental – Harmful, damaging, or disadvantageous. हातनकारक, नक
ु सानदे ह

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 Advantageous (adjective): Beneficial, favorable, providing an advantage. ऱार्कारी,

अनुकूऱ
 Causal (adjective): Relating to a cause or reason. कारर् से सॊबॊचिि
 Desirable (adjective): Wanted, wished for, or pleasing. वाॊछनीय, इक्छछि
17. A) Virtuous (adjective) – Having or showing high moral standards, righteous, good, ethical.
नैतिक, िलमथक
Antonym: Wicked (adjective) – Evil or morally wrong, mischievous, naughty, roguish.
दष्ु ट, पापी
 Commendable (adjective): Praiseworthy, deserving approval or admiration. प्रर्ॊसनीय
 Sane (adjective): Mentally sound, rational, sensible. वववेकी, समझदार
 Moral (adjective): Concerned with right and wrong behavior; ethical. नैतिक
18. C) "Shivani will go to school tomorrow for prize distribution" सही है क्योंकक 'will go' Future
Indefinite Tense में है , वाक्य में "tomorrow" ददया गया है , जो र्ववष्य काऱ (Future Tense) का सॊकेि
करिा है । अि् वाक्य में Future Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग होना चादहए।
"Shivani will go to school tomorrow for prize distribution" is correct because 'will go' is in
Future Indefinite Tense, The sentence contains "tomorrow," which indicates a future action.
Thus, the verb should be in Future Indefinite Tense.
19. D) ‘The heaviest' का use होगा क्योंकक Superlative Degree का use ककया जािा है जब ककसी समूह में
से ककसी एक की िऱ
ु ना की जािी है । यहाॉ Osmium को परू े periodic table के सर्ी metals से िऱ
ु ना की
जा रही है । Superlative Degree के सार् 'the' का प्रयोग ककया जािा है ; जैस—
े Gold is the most
precious metal.
'the heaviest' is the correct answer because the Superlative Degree is used when comparing
one entity to the rest of a group. Here, Osmium is being compared to all other metals in the
periodic table. The Superlative Degree always takes 'the'; for example— Gold is the most
precious metal.
20. B) Brittle (adjective) – Something that has the quality of being easily broken. र्ॊगुर
 Damage (noun) – Harm or injury caused to something, making it less valuable, useful, or
functional. ऺति
 Broken (adjective) – Reduced to fragments or not functioning; having been fractured or
damaged. टूटा हुआ
 Hard (adjective) – Firm, solid, and not easily broken or bent. कठोर

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21. D) ‘Imagined’ का use होगा क्योंकक इसका का अर्थ होिा है "कल्पना करना"। वाक्य का सॊदर्थ यह बिािा
है कक ऱेखक और उसके लमत्र ने कर्ी नहीॊ सोचा र्ा कक आपािकाऱ उनके जीवन को इस िरह बदऱ दे गा।
इसलऱए 'imagined' यहाॉ सही है । 'Undermined' का अर्थ है "कमजोर करना या नीचा ददखाना," जो यहाॊ
सॊदर्थ में किट नहीॊ होिा क्योंकक यह जीवन को बदऱने की कल्पना के लऱए उपयक्
ु ि नहीॊ है । 'Targeted' का
अर्थ है "ऱक्ष्य बनाना," जो यहाॊ बबल्कुऱ असॊगि है क्योंकक यहाॊ कल्पना की बाि हो रही है , न कक ककसी को
तनर्ाना बनाने की। 'Betrothed' का अर्थ है "सगाई करना," जो यहाॊ पूरी िरह से असॊबॊचिि है ।
Imagined’ is correct because it means "to think of or conceive something in one’s mind." The
sentence context indicates that the author and their friend could have never imagined how the
Emergency would change their lives. Therefore, ‘imagined’ fits perfectly. ‘Undermined’ means
"weakened or diminished," which doesn’t align with the idea of imagining life changes.
‘Targeted’ means "aimed at or focused on," which is irrelevant in the context of imagining life
impacts. ‘Betrothed’ means "engaged to be married," which is entirely out of context.
22. B) 'Sensed' का use होगा क्योंकक इसका अर्थ है "महसूस करना या यह समझ पाना कक कुछ गऱि है ।"
यहाॉ sentence में mention है कक उन्हें यह अहसास हुआ कक कुछ गऱि हो रहा है , जैसे कक दक
ु ानें बॊद हो
रही र्ीॊ और माहौऱ बदऱ रहा र्ा। इसलऱए 'sensed' यहाॉ सही ववकल्प है । 'Received' का अर्थ है "प्राप्ि
करना," जो इस सॊदर्थ में सही नहीॊ है क्योंकक यहाॉ यह समझने या महसस
ू करने की बाि हो रही है , न कक
ककसी चीज़ को प्राप्ि करने की। 'Created' का अर्थ है "तनमाथर् करना," जो परू ी िरह से सॊदर्थ से बाहर है।
'Feigned' का अर्थ है "झूठमठ
ू का ददखावा करना," जो वाक्य के र्ाव से मेऱ नहीॊ खािा।
Sensed' will be used because it means "to feel or perceive that something is wrong." The
sentence describes how they realized something unusual was happening, like shops shutting
down and the atmosphere changing. Hence, 'sensed' is the correct choice. 'Received' means
"to get or obtain," which doesn't fit here as the context is about realizing something, not
receiving it. 'Created' means "to make or construct," which is irrelevant in this context.
'Feigned' means "to pretend or fake," which doesn't align with the intended meaning of the
sentence.
23. C) Wrap up' का use होगा क्योंकक इसका अर्थ है ककसी चीज़ को समाप्ि करना या बॊद करना।
यह sentence में उपयक्
ु ि है क्योंकक सॊदर्थ में बिाया गया है कक दक
ु ानों ने आिे र्टर चगरा लऱए र्े और वे
बॊद होने के लऱए िैयार ददख रहे र्े। 'Wrap up' का मिऱब यहाॊ सही बैठिा है। Open up' का अर्थ है
खऱ
ु ना, जो यहाॊ उपयुक्ि नहीॊ है क्योंकक सॊदर्थ में दक
ु ानों के बॊद होने की बाि हो रही है । 'Pop up' का अर्थ है
अचानक प्रकट होना। यह सॊदर्थ में गऱि है क्योंकक दक
ु ानों के बॊद होने की बाि हो रही है । Chicken out' का
अर्थ है डर के कारर् पीछे हट जाना।

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Wrap up' means to finish or end something, and it perfectly aligns with the sentence's context
where the shops were ready to close down due to the ongoing Emergency situation. It conveys
the idea of bringing activities to a halt. 'Open up' means to start or open something, which is
inappropriate in this context since the narrative talks about shops preparing to close, not open.
'Pop up' means to appear suddenly, which does not fit the context because the shops are
shutting down rather than appearing suddenly. 'Chicken out' means to back out due to fear,
which is unrelated to the described scenario. The shops are not backing out from fear but are
shutting due to the situation's practical demands.
24. B) Landmark' का use होगा क्योंकक "landmark" का अर्थ है कोई ऐसा महत्वपूर्थ घटना या तनर्थय जो
इतिहास में एक मीऱ का पत्र्र साबबि हो। यहाॉ सॊदर्थ 1975 में इऱाहाबाद उछच न्यायाऱय के ऐतिहालसक
िैसऱे और गज
ु राि में काॊग्रेस की अप्रत्यालर्ि हार की ओर है , जो उस समय के प्रमख
ु घटनािम र्े।
जबकक 'Mistakes' का अर्थ है गऱतियाॉ, 'Production' का अर्थ है उत्पादन, और 'Flaws' का अर्थ है दोर्, जो
इस सॊदर्थ में किट नहीॊ होिे हैं।
'Landmark' will be used because it refers to a significant event or decision that stands out as a
milestone in history. The context highlights the 1975 Allahabad High Court ruling and the
Congress's unexpected defeat in Gujarat, both of which were significant developments of that
time. Whereas, 'Mistakes' means errors, 'Production' means creation or manufacturing, and
'Flaws' means defects, none of which align with the context.
25. B) 'dampen' का use होगा क्योंकक इसका अर्थ होिा है ककसी र्ावना, उत्साह, या प्रर्ाव को कम करना।
sentence में mention है कक सुप्रीम कोटथ ने इॊददरा गाॊिी को प्रिानमॊत्री बने रहने की अनुमति दी र्ी,
ऱेककन इसने उनकी राजनीतिक हार की गॊर्ीरिा को कम नहीॊ ककया। 'dampen' यहाॉ सही है क्योंकक यह
"हमारी खर्
ु ी को कम करना" को दर्ाथिा है । 'Adopted' (गोद ऱेना या अपनाना) का उपयोग इस सॊदर्थ में
गऱि है क्योंकक यहाॉ ककसी नीति या ववचार को अपनाने की बाि नहीॊ है । 'Magnified' (बढ़ाना) वाक्य के
अर्थ के ववपरीि है , क्योंकक यहाॉ खर्
ु ी कम होने की बाि हो रही है। 'Diminished' (कम होना) र्ी गऱि है
क्योंकक यह 'joy' के लऱए सही किया नहीॊ बनिा, बक्ल्क यह अक्सर ककसी र्ौतिक चीज़ के सॊदर्थ में उपयोग
होिा है ।
Dampen' is correct because it means to reduce the intensity or effect of something,
particularly emotions or enthusiasm. The sentence indicates that although the Supreme Court
allowed Indira to continue as prime minister, it did not reduce the joy felt by the speaker and
their friends. 'Adopted' is incorrect as it means to take up or accept something, which doesn't
fit the context of reduced emotions. 'Magnified' is the opposite of what the sentence conveys,
as it means to increase something. 'Diminished' is incorrect as it is more suited to physical or
measurable reductions and doesn’t properly collocate with 'joy' in this context.

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