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Electrical Engineering Lecture 3 Slides

The lecture covers key concepts in electrical engineering, including superposition, Thevenin and Norton analysis, and source transformations. It explains how to determine equivalent circuits and analyze circuit outputs using linear combinations of inputs. Additionally, the maximum power transfer theorem is discussed, highlighting the relationship between load resistance and Thevenin resistance for optimal power delivery.

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8 views27 pages

Electrical Engineering Lecture 3 Slides

The lecture covers key concepts in electrical engineering, including superposition, Thevenin and Norton analysis, and source transformations. It explains how to determine equivalent circuits and analyze circuit outputs using linear combinations of inputs. Additionally, the maximum power transfer theorem is discussed, highlighting the relationship between load resistance and Thevenin resistance for optimal power delivery.

Uploaded by

makaevalmira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Engineering

Dr. Syed Imran Moazzam Shah


Lecture 3
Todays Topics

• Superposition
• Thevenin Analysis
• Norton Analysis
Source Transformation

➢ Replace a voltage source and series


resistor > a current source and parallel
resistor
➢ Doing so does not change the element
current or voltage of any other element
of the circuit
Source Transformations
Application of
Source
Transformations
• Use a source
transformation to
determine a relationship
between the resistance R
and the resistor current i
We can use a source transformation to replace the 12-volt source in series with the 4-kV resistor by the parallel
combination of a current source and resistor
Using current division
Linear Circuit

For example, consider any circuit having the following three properties:
Superposition
The circuit output can be expressed as a linear combination of the circuit inputs
The circuit shown one output, vo, and three inputs, v1, i2, and v3.
(As expected, the inputs are voltages of independent voltage sources
and the currents of independent current sources.)

Express the output as a linear combination of the inputs


• Let’s analyze the circuit using node equations.
• Label the node voltage at the top node of the current source and
identify the supernode corresponding to the horizontal voltage
source
Apply KCL to the supernode to get

Multiply both sides of this equation by 40 to eliminate the fractions

output as a linear combination of the inputs


Superposition
Find the current i for the circuit

The independent voltage source acting alone The independent current source acting alone
Kirchhoff’s voltage law Ohm’s law

Kirchhoff’s current law at node a

The current, i, caused by the two independent sources acting together is equal to the sum of the currents, i1 and i2, caused by
each source acting separate
Thevenin’s Theorem
Thevenin equivalent circuit, consists of an ideal voltage source in series with a resistor

(a) A circuit partitioned into two parts: circuit A and circuit B.


(b) Replacing circuit A by its Thevenin equivalent circuit.
Replacing circuit A by its Thevenin equivalent circuit does not change the voltage or current of any element in circuit B

Finding the Thevenin equivalent circuit of circuit A involves three parameters:


the open-circuit voltage, voc,
the short-circuit current, isc, and
the Thevenin resistance, Rt
Finding the Thevenin equivalent circuit of circuit A involves three parameters: the open-circuit voltage, voc, the
short-circuit current, isc, and the Thevenin resistance, Rt

The Thevenin equivalent circuit involves three parameters: (a)


the open-circuit voltage, voc, (b) the short-circuit current, isc,
and (c) the Thevenin resistance, Rt
Circuit A is formed by replacing all the independent voltage sources by short circuits and replacing all the independent current
sources by open circuits.

(Dependent current and voltage sources are not replaced with open circuits or short circuits.)

Frequently, the Thevenin resistance, Rt, can be determined by repeatedly replacing series or parallel resistors by equivalent
resistors.

(a) The Thevenin resistance, Rt, and (b) a method for measuring or calculating the Thevenin resistance, Rt
The open-circuit voltage, voc, the short-circuit current, isc, and the Thevenin resistance, Rt, are related by the equation
Using Source Transformation
Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit for the circuit shown
Applying KCL at node a
Norton’s Equivalent Circuit
• A source transformation converts a Thevenin equivalent circuit into a
Norton equivalent circuit or vice versa
• Determine the Norton equivalent circuit for the circuit shown
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
• Find the load resistance RL that will result in maximum power
delivered to the load for the circuit.
• Also, determine the maximum power delivered to the load resistor
First, we determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit for the circuit to the left of terminals a–b.
Disconnect the load resistor.
The Thevenin voltage source voc is

Maximum power transfer is obtained when RL = Rt = 25 ohm


Thank You

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