translate an idea from the architect’s mind to a

1.1. The Practice of Architecture in the creation that can be built.

Philippines....................................................... 1
1.2. The Profession......................................... 3 Proposed New Philippine Senate Building by
1.3. The Practice..............................................5 Aecom Home - Philippines
2.1. The Architect’s Role in Society.............. 8
The official definition of architecture can be found in
2.2. The Spectrum of Architect’s Services... 9
Republic Act (RA) 9266 or “The Architecture Act
2.3. The Pre-Design Services......................... 9
of 2004.” This is the art, science and profession of
3.1 MANNER OF PROVIDING SERVICES... 11
planning, designing and constructing buildings in
3.2 The Architect can render services in any
their totality, with due account of their environment
of the following ways:...................................11
and in accordance with the principles of utility,
4. METHOD OF COMPENSATION.................11
strength and beauty.
4.2 Professional Fee Plus Expenses........... 12
4.3 Lump Sum or Fixed Fee......................... 12 Many other considerations are involved in the
4.4 Per Diem, Honorarium Plus creative process that requires the designer to have
Reimbursable Expenses...............................12 a firm grasp and understanding of many different
5.1 Full Time Supervision Services.................12 factors such as the physical environment,
Full-time Supervision services........................ 13 geography, ecology, sustainability, meteorological
5.2 Construction Management Services...........13 conditions of the site, human anthropometrics and
6.1 Post Construction Services.............................14 even the heritage of the locality. At least a basic
understanding of different disciplines such as
PP2 REVIEWER structural, electrical, sanitary, and mechanical
engineering are also required of the architect.
Identify and understand the architectural practice in Indeed, architects obtain basic training in these
the Philippines and other important concerns. engineering fields in college. The in-depth
Describe the current issues in the practice of application, of course, can only be done by the
architecture corresponding engineering professionals.
Identify and understand the virtues and values of
the Architect, and Code of ethics of an architect. Escolta in 1921
Top Architectural Firms in the Philippines 1. Escolta 1921 in 2020 | New manila, Philippines,
Overview of Architectural Practice in the Philippines Manila
2. The Architecture Profession and Practice​
3. The Virtues and Values of An Architect and Architecture as a profession came about only in
Architect's Code of Ethics. 1921 when the first registration of architects was
implemented. In 1950, with Manila and the whole
country just starting to rebuild from the ravages of
the Second World War, RA 545 or “The
1.1. The Practice of Architecture in the Architecture Law” was enacted to regulate the local
Philippines practice of architecture.
ARCHITECTURE has been around since the dawn
of time. Yet, the practice of the architect still seems Fast forward to March 17, 2004 and RA 9266 was
to be unknown, especially to the general public. enacted by Congress. The law provided for a
more comprehensive regulation of the registration,
The practice of architecture does not merely involve licensing and practice of architecture, repealing the
drawing, designing and making a work of art, which RA 545 and all other laws inconsistent with its
the general public commonly assume. Drawing is stipulations.
just one aspect and is only a medium used to
Public safety is the objective of regulating the Recognizing the need to formally integrate the
design and construction of buildings. Architects three architectural associations, APGA, LPA and
comply, consult and adhere to existing regulatory PIA each appointed three representatives to form
laws and all applicable codes in order to properly the Panel of Negotiation in May 1973. To implement
protect and safeguard human lives and its the terms of integration agreed upon by the three
surroundings such as the National Building Code of architectural organizations, a 15 man Ad-Hoc
the Philippines, Fire Code of the Philippines of Commission was authorized to prepare the
2008, The Accessibility Law, The Architectural Constitution and By-Laws of the newly integrated
Code and many others. Entrusted with the safety of association. The new integrated society was
human lives vis-à-vis the use of buildings, an called, the United Architects of the Philippines
architect can be held liable under Article 1723 of (UAP).
the Civil Code should the building he/she designed
collapse within 15 years from its completion. UAP became the first accredited professional
organization on May 12, 1975 with the professional
Besides the general practice of architecture, an regulation commission issuing certificate no. 001 to
architect can also render services in other related the UAP as the duly accredited professional
fields of architecture depending on his knowledge organization for architects in the Philippines. On
and experience such as heritage conservation, June 12, 1976, the UAP informed the Union
green architecture, sustainable architecture and so Internationale des Architectes (UIA) of the
on and so forth. integration of the three architectural organizations
under the United Architects of the Philippines and
requested for recognition of the UIA as its National
History and Background Section in the Philippines.
Architecture, as practiced in the Philippines during
the Spanish era, was not by virtue of an academic On March 22-25, 1979, the UAP organized a
title. There were no architectural schools in the National Conference on Architectural Education at
country and the only architects with academic the Development Academy of the Philippines in
degrees were Spaniards. However, the first Filipino Tagaytay City. The result of the Conference was the
recorded architect was Felix Roxas y Arroyo of endorsement of a new ladder-type curriculum for
Binondo, Manila. architectural education, which was approved by the
Ministry of Education and Culture and adopted by
Maestro de Obras or Master Builder​ schools and colleges of architecture in the
practice as an architect Philippines. The same year saw the approval of the
Escuela Practica y Professional de Artes y new Architects` National Code by the Professional
Oficio de Manila,1880.​ Regulation Commission.
first academic school to train these maestros
Felix Roxas y Arroyo of Binondo, Manila.​ This code was prepared by the UAP as a standard
first Filipino recorded architect of ethics and practice of architecture in the
Liceo de Manila, 1900​ Philippines. In recognition of UAP`s involvement in
first private school to offer an academic title for government program and activities, the Metro
Maestro de Obras Manila Commission appointed the UAP members
For the early 1930`s to the late 50`s, associations to constitute the Board of Advisers for urban design
of architects came and went, but three of these and development for Metro Manila.
survived until the early 70`s.
Important Dates and Events
League of Philippine Architects (LPA) Here are important events over the past years
Association of Philippine Government Architects relative to the Regulated Profession of Architecture
(APGA) in the Philippines (June 1950 thru September 2008)
Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA)
1. June 1950 promulgated by the Professional Regulation
Passage of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 544, the Civil Commission (PRC) in Sep 1979 as part of the IRR
Engineering (CE) law; the law does not mention of R.A. No. 1581/545 (the amended/ organic laws
that civil engineers (CEs) can prepare, sign and on architecture)
seal architectural plans and documents
8. mid-1980s
2. June 1950 Architects who are Members of the National
Passage of R.A. No. 545, the organic Architecture Legislature i.e. Batasan Pambansa, led by Arch.
law; this special law specifically mentions that Pentong Gaite and the leading lights of the United
only registered and licensed architects can Architects of the Philippines (UAP), lobby for the
prepare, sign and seal architectural plans and passage of a new Architecture law
documents
9. early 1990s
3. June 1956 Initial amendments to IRR of P.D. No. 1096; R.A.
Passage of R.A. No. 1581, the amended No. 7160 (The Local Government Code of 1991)
Architecture law; the amended portion specifically becomes law; surprisingly, its Article Seven Sec.
delineate the responsibility and liability of the 477 allows the Municipal/ City Engineers
architect in contrast to the CE; there is (MCEs) of local government units (LGUs) who
therefore no overlap in professional function. are in charge of horizontal works, to act
simultaneously as the building official (BO) in
charge of vertical works; this turn of events has
4. June 1956 forged an apparently unholy alliance
Passage of R.A. No. 1582, the amended CE law;
the amended portion (Sec. 24) specifically 10. Currently, there is a legislative hearing and
delineate the responsibility and liability of the CE coordination for the new and unified building
in contrast to the architect; there is therefore no permit. As well as the call of architects on the
overlap in professional function overlapping scope work of civil engineers on the
architectural drawings.
5. 1975
The United Architects of the Philippines (UAP)was References and other sources:
formed out of the union of the Philippine Institute of
Architects (PIA), the League of Philippine RA 9266 – The Architecture Act of 2004
Architects (LPA) and the Association of Philippine https://united-architects.org
Government Architects (APGA) https://www.manilatimes.net/business/real-estate-a
nd-property/the-practice-of-architecture-in-the-philip
6. Feb 1977 pines-a-primer-for-the-public
Promulgation of Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. Philippine Architecture College Notes from - UST,
1096, otherwise known as the 1977 National FEU UE SLU UP Diliman - College of Architecture
Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) by
Philippine Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos

7. 1979 1.2. The Profession

Publication and dissemination of copies of the The day-to-day practice of architecture is governed
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of P.D. by an assortment of laws, regulations, and ethical
No. 1096 by the Department of Public Works and codes that define the obligations of architects to the
Highways (DPWH) and part of the IRR of R.A. No. public, their clients, and their peers. Other aspects
1581 (the Amended architecture law of 1956) i.e. of professional life include professional
the Architects’ National Code (otherwise known as development and advancement achieved through
the UAP Documents 200 through 208) were lifelong learning, involvement in professional
organizations, participation in public and community
service, and mentoring of emerging professionals. The act of planning and architectural designing,
structural conceptualization, specifying,
The Architecture Act of 2004 (RA 9266) supervising and giving general administration
and responsible direction to the erection,
What is Architecture? enlargement or alterations of buildings and building
environments and architectural design in
"Architecture" is the art, science or profession of engineering structures or any part thereof; the
planning, designing and constructing buildings in scientific, aesthetic and orderly coordination of all
their totality taking into account their environment, the processes which enter into the production of a
in accordance with the principles of utility, strength complete building or structure performed through
and beauty. the medium of unbiased preliminary studies of
plans, consultations, specifications, conferences,
Key person in Architecture? evaluations, investigations, contract documents and
oral advice and directions regardless of whether the
"Architect" means a person professionally and persons engaged in such practice are residents of
academically qualified, registered and licensed the Philippines or have their principal office or place
under this act with a Certificate of Registration and of business in this country or another territory, and
Professional Identification Card issued by the regardless of whether such persons are performing
Professional Regulatory Board of Architecture and one or all these duties, or whether such duties are
the Professional Regulation Commission, and who performed in person or as the directing head of an
is responsible for advocating the fair and office or organization performing them;
sustainable development, welfare and cultural
expression of society's habitat in terms of space, Scope of Practice
forms and historical context. Encompasses the provision of professional
services in connection with site, physical and
-​ Architect-of-Record​ - registered and planning and the design, construction,
licensed architect , who is directly and enlargement, conservation, renovation, remodeling,
professionally responsible for the total restoration or alteration of a building or group of
design of the project for the client and who buildings.
shall assume the civil liability for the plans,
specifications and contract documents Services may include, but are not limited to:
he/she has signed and sealed. a. planning, architectural designing and structural
conceptualization;
-​ Architect-in-charge of construction​ b. consultation, consultancy, giving oral or written
- registered and licensed architect who is advice and directions, conferences, evaluations,
directly and professionally responsible and investigations, quality surveys, appraisals and
liable for the construction supervision of adjustments, architectural and operational planning,
the project. site analysis and other predesign services;
c. schematic design, design development,
-​ Consulting Architect​ - registered contract documents and construction phases
and licensed architect or permitted to including professional consultancies;
practice under RA9266, who is d. preparation of preliminary, technical, economic
professionally and academically qualified and financial feasibility studies of plans, models
and with exceptional or recognized and project promotional services;
expertise or specialization in any branch e. preparation of architectural plans,
of architecture. specifications, bill of materials, cost estimates,
general conditions and bidding documents
General Practice of Architecture
f. construction and project management, giving advertisement, or other device to indicate such
general management, administration, supervision, person practices or offers to practice architecture,
coordination and responsible direction or the or is an architect, unless such person shall have
planning, architectural designing, construction, received from the Board a Certificate of
reconstruction, erection, enlargement or demolition, Registration and be issued a Professional
renovation, repair, orderly removal, remodeling, Identification Card in the manner hereinafter
alteration, preservation or restoration of buildings or provided and shall there after comply with the
structures or complex buildings, including all their provisions of this Act. A foreign architect or any
components, sites and environs, intended for person not authorized to practice architecture in the
private or public use; Philippines, who shall stay in the country and
g. the planning, architectural lay-outing and perform any of the activities mentioned in Sections
utilization of spaces within and surrounding such 3 and 4 of this Act, or any other activity analogous
buildings or structures, housing design and thereto, in connection with the construction of any
community architecture, architectural interiors and building/structure/edifice or land development
space planning, architectural detailing, architectural project, shall be deemed engaged in the
lighting, acoustics, architectural lay-outing of unauthorized practice of architecture.
mechanical, electrical, electronic, sanitary,
plumbing, communications and other utility In the practice of architecture it is required to
systems, equipment and fixtures; undergo a licensure examination to be given by the
h. building programming, building administration, Board of Architecture in accordance with the
construction arbitration and architectural provisions of Republic Act No. 8981.
conservation and restoration;
i. all works which relate to the scientific, aesthetic Qualifications of Applicant for Examination
and orderly coordination of all works and branches
of the work, systems and process necessary for the 1.​ He/she is a Filipino citizen or a citizen of a
production of a complete building or structure, foreign country qualified to take the
whether for public or private use, in order to examination as provided for in this Act;
enhance and safeguard life, health and property 2.​ He/she is of good moral character;
and the promotion and enrichment of the quality of 3.​ He/she is a holder of a degree of Bachelor
life, the architectural design of engineering of Science in Architecture conferred by a
structures or any part thereof; and school, college, academy or institute duly
j. all other works, projects and activities which recognized and/or accredited by the
require the professional competence of an Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
architect, including teaching of architectural and in addition has a specific record of at
subjects and architectural computer-aided design; least two (2) years or equivalent of
References and other sources: diversified architectural experience duly
certified by a registered/licensed architect:
Republic Act No. 9266 : The Architecture Act of Provided, however, That an applicant
2004 holding a Master’s Degree in Architecture
https://www.united-architects.org from a school, college, university or institute
recognized by the government shall be
credited one (1) year in his/her practical
1.3. The Practice experience; and
No person shall practice architecture in this country, 4.​ He/she has not been convicted of any
or engage in preparing architectural plans, criminal offense involving moral turpitude.
specification or preliminary data for the erection or
alteration of any building located within the
boundaries of this country or use the title
"Architect," or display or use any title, sign, card,
The licensure examination for architects shall 3.​ It shall be unlawful for any architect to sign
cover, but are not limited to, the following his/her name, affix his/her seal or use any
subjects: other method of signature on architectural
plans, specifications or other documents
1.​ History and Theory of Architecture; made under another architect’s supervision,
Principles of Planning and Architectural unless the same is made in such manner as
Practice; to clearly indicate the part or parts of such
2.​ Structural Design, Building Materials, and work actually performed by the former, and
Architectural Specifications, and Methods of it shall be unlawful for any person, except
Construction and Utilities; the architect-of-record, to sign for any
3.​ Urban Design and Architectural Interiors; branch of work for any function of
and architectural practice, not actually
4.​ Architectural Design and Site Planning. performed by him/her. The
To be qualified as having passed the licensure architect-of-record shall be fully responsible
examination for architects, a candidate must obtain for all architectural plans, specifications and
a weighted general average of seventy percent other documents issued under his/her seal
(70%), with no grade lower than fifty percent (50%) or authorized signature.
in any given subject. 4.​ Drawings and specifications duly signed,
stamped or sealed, as instruments of
Issuance and Use of Seal service, are the intellectual properties and
1.​ Each registrant hereunder shall, upon documents of the architect, whether the
registration, obtain a seal of such design as object for which they are made is executed
the Board shall authorize and direct. or not, It shall be unlawful for any person,
Architectural plans and specifications without the consent of the architect or
prepared by, or under the direct supervision author of said documents, to duplicate or to
of a registered architect shall be stampede make copies of said documents for use in
with said seal during the life of the the repetition of and for other projects or
registrant’s certificate, and it shall be buildings, whether executed partly or in
unlawful for any one to stamp or seal any whole.
documents with said seal after the 5.​ All architectural plans, designs,
certificate of the registrant named thereon specifications, drawings and architectural
has expired or has been revoked, unless documents relative to the construction of a
said certificate shall have been renewed or building shall bear the seal and signature
re-issued. only of an architect registered and licensed
2.​ No officer or employee of this Republic. under this Act together with his/her
Chartered cities, provinces and professional identification card number and
municipalities, now or hereafter charged the date of its expiration.
with the enforcement of law, ordinances or
regulations relating to the construction or
alteration of buildings, shall accept or Dry Seal [ Everything Else ] Metro Manila,
approve any architectural plans or Philippines -- Brand New & 2nd Hand for Sale ~
specifications which have not been Page -- 1​ How to renew PRC license in 2020:
prepared and submitted in full accord with An easy step by step guide
all the provisions of this Act; nor shall any
payments be approved by any such officer Suspension and Revocation of Certificates of
for any work, the plans and specifications Registration, Professional Identification Card or
for which have not been so prepared and the Special/Temporary Permit.
signed and sealed by the author. 1.​ has signed and affixed or permitted to be
signed or affixed his name or seal on
 architectural plans and designs, Registration/Professional Identification Card
specification, drawings, technical reports, or temporary or special permit, or
valuation, estimates, or other similar 3.​ any person who shall falsely impersonate
documents or work not prepared by him/her any registrant of like or different name, or
or not executed under his/her immediate 4.​ any person who shall attempt to use a
supervision; or revoked or suspended Certificate of
2.​ has paid money except the regular fees Registration/Professional Identification Card
provided for to secure a Certificate of or cancelled special/temporary permit, or
Registration; or 5.​ any person who shall use in connection with
3.​ has falsely impersonated a practitioner, or his/her name or otherwise assume, use or
former practitioner of alike or different name advertise any title or description tending to
or has practiced under an assumed, convey the impression that he/she is an
fictitious or corporate name other than that architect when he/she is not an architect, or
of the registered; or 6.​ any person whether Filipino or foreigner,
4.​ has aided or abetted in the practice of who knowingly allows the use, adoption,
architecture any person not duly authorized implementation of plans, designs or
to practice architecture in the Philippines; or specification made by any person, firm,
5.​ has openly solicited projects by actually partnership or company not duly licensed to
undertaking architectural services without a engage in the practice of architecture, or
valid service agreement guaranteeing any person who shall violate any of the
compensation of services to be rendered provisions of this Act.
and/or has actually allowed himself/herself
to be exploited by undertaking architectural Code of Ethical Conduct and Standards of
services without a valid sevice agreement, Professional Practice, or any policy of the
both acts being prejudicial to other Board and the Commission, shall be guilty of
architects registered and licensed under this misdemeanor and charged in court by the
Act and inimical to the interests of the Commission and shall, upon conviction be
profession; or sentenced to a fine of not less than One
6.​ has violated any provision of this Act, its hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not
implementing rules and regulations, the more than Five Million pesos (P5,000,000,00) or
Code of Ethical Conduct and Standards of to suffer imprisonment for a period not less
Professional Practice. than six (6) months or not exceeding six (6)
years, or both, at the discretion of the Court.
Prohibition in the Practice of Architecture and
Penal Clause Prohibition in the Practice of Architecture.
1.​ Any person who shall practice or offer to
practice architecture in the Philippines -​ Any person or entity, whether public or
without being registered/licensed and who private, Filipino or foreigner, who/which shall
are not holders of temporary or special entice, compel, coerce, require or otherwise
permits in accordance with the provisions of force an architect registered and licensed
this Act, or under this Act to undertake/perform any
2.​ any person presenting or attempting to use service under the general practice of
as his/her own the Certificate of architecture as defined under this Act,
Registration/Professional Identification Card without first executing a written
or use seal of another or temporary or contract/service agreement, shall be guilty
special permit, or any person who shall give of a misdemeanor and shall, upon
any false or forged evidence or any kind to conviction be sentenced to a fine of not less
the Board or to any member thereof in than Two hundred thousand pesos
obtaining a Certificate of (P200,000.00) or to suffer imprisonment for
 a period not exceeding six (6) years, or environment and to connect people with the natural
both, at the discretion of the Court. environment.

Presentation: ‘the way we build is a reflection of the way we live.’

RA 9266 Presentation_BOA IRR RA 9266.ppt

Social Responsibility in Practice
References and other reading materials:
The social responsibility of architects lies in part in
Republic Act No. 9266 : The Architecture Act of believing that architecture can create better places,
2004 (RA 9266 - Architecture Act of 2004.PDF) that architecture can affect society, and that it can
https://www.united-architects.org even have a role in making a place civilized by
Architect's Guidelines - making a community more livable. As a social
https://www.united-architects.org/publications/archit catalyst, architecture is not as effective as, for
ects-guidelines/ example, stimulating a healthy economy by directly
funding public construction, finding the cure for
AIDS, ending homelessness, or improving
education. It is definitely not as essential as farmers
2.0 Intended Learning Outcomes and Topics harvesting food or teachers educating students; a
1.​ Identify and understand the architect's role great school building does not itself teach even
in the society and in shaping the though it can provide a better environment for
development of the society. learning. All of these positions can be argued, but
2.​ Describe the whole spectrum of Architect's the reality is that it is difficult to substantiate the
Services. effects of architecture on our lives or the nature of a
3.​ Identify and understand the scope of community.
Architect's Pre-design Services and its the Richard Rogers interview: Architects have a "…
method of compensation.
“As architects we have a responsibility to society” -
Richard Rogers

As architects, we want to believe that architecture

2.1. The Architect’s Role in Society affects the quality of life. Whether you believe that
Do architects and architectural firms have a social or not, one thing is true: As members of society, we
responsibility beyond our practice? We all have can affect the quality of life in our communities
heard about the social consequences of through involvement beyond our practice. As
architecture and about architects having a citizens of our society, we can influence social
responsibility to the community when they create a conditions; we can even be the cause of positive
piece of architecture. But do we have a social social change. Very few of us would choose to give
responsibility that extends beyond our practice? up all our personal possessions to help the poor or
dedicate our entire life to a cause, but many of us
What does social responsibility in architecture do want to make a contribution to our social fabric.
mean in our time? Certainly it means sustainable Many of us would likely be willing to give some
design, however you choose to define it. The portion of our time or financial resources to help the
definition of social responsibility and how disadvantaged or to be a benefit to society
sustainable design is implemented are hotly
debated, but most of us would agree that two goals "Architecture is about finding imaginative, creative
of sustainable design are to eliminate or minimize solutions to improving people’s quality of life."
negative environmental impact of the built
Beyond Practice
As architects, we can have a significant role in sophistication of man-made structures and
improving the well-being of communities by being environment. The Architect, in the process of
involved with nonprofit organizations. We can raise translating abstract ideas into meaningful concrete
public awareness of critical social and terms, produces documents in the form of a data
environmental issues. One may argue that we base report. an architectural program, a feasibility
chose the field of architecture because we have a study, a market study, an appraisal report, an
calling to take a role in influencing the built impact analysis report, a space organizational
environment beyond our practice. An architectural setup report, a site planning analysis and
education facilitates the development of critical evaluation report, an operational programming
thinking abilities, which can be applied to solving report, building programming and scheduling
problems and addressing situations beyond design. report. A complete and detailed documentation of
Our social responsibility is not limited to needs construction drawings is prepared consisting of the
related to the built environment or environmental architectural plans, the structural plans, the
issues. Our critical thinking abilities can also be electrical plans, the plumbing/sanitary plans, the
valuable in designing an organization or setting mechanical plans, the civil works, the technical
strategic goals and implementation plans. specifications and the other bid documents. Aside
from these, the Architects can prepare the post
Architects or not, most individuals can have a role construction management documents, the
that has social impact. Whatever involvement you operating manual, the maintenance manual and
choose to have in an important cause will have an other forms of written and graphical
impact on other people’s lives. You may choose to documentations necessary for the effective and
contribute where you have a direct and emotional efficient functioning of the man-made structures
connection, such as grassroots work volunteering and environment. An appreciation of this scope of
at a shelter to feed the homeless. Or you may services of the architect will bring into focus the
choose to contribute indirectly by volunteering to crucial role that the architect assumes in the
serve on a committee to draft policies that help realization of abstract ideas tangible and
streamline the funding process for a homeless meaningful terms. Between abstract ideas and the
shelter. While these examples engender dissimilar physical world, stands the Architect.
feelings of self-satisfaction and different short- and
long-term outcomes, both are important and Architect's Services
valuable. The entire range of the Architect's services are
divided into seven (7) major services as follows:

2.2. The Spectrum of Architect’s Services 1.​ Pre-Design Services

2.​ Design Services
The spectrum of the Architect's services extends 3.​ Special Architectural Services
over the entire range of activities that proceed from 4.​ Construction Services
the time the idea is conceived, perfected, 5.​ Post Construction Services
transformed into sets of space and design 6.​ Comprehensive Architectural Services
requirements, translated into structure through 7.​ Design-Build Services
design, built, used and become a permanent
feature of the man - made feature of the man-made
environment. The Architect's services consist of the 2.3. The Pre-Design Services
necessary conferences , deliberations, discussions, 1.​ INTRODUCTION
evaluations, investigations, consultations, advice on The basic services provided by the Architect have
matters affecting the scientific, aesthetic and remained relatively unchanged over the years.
orderly coordination of all the processes of However, the Architect must expand his services in
safeguarding life, health, and property which enter response to the increasing demands of his/her
into the production of different levels and Clients, the evolution of new standards of regulated
professional practice, the advancement of project against present and future trends to forecast
technology and the enactment of new laws. how it will perform over time. This requires primary
data gathering and analysis.
It will be most advantageous to the Client to involve
the Architect in the earliest stages of the project 2.4 Site Selection and Analysis
since the Architect, if suitably experienced, can This entails the formulation of site criteria,
provide the Client with objective project analysis, assistance to the Client in site evaluation as well as
establishing parameters to optimize building needs analysis to determine the most appropriate site/s
vis-à-vis available resources and attendant for a proposed project or building program.
constraints.
2.5 Site Utilization and Land-Use Studies
2.​ SCOPE OF PRE-DESIGN SERVICES
The Pre- Design Services cover a broad line of The detailed analysis of the site involves the
architectural services ranging from initial problem identification of a site’s development potentials
identification to activities that would allow the through the proper utilization of land. The analysis
Architect to initially conceptualize an array of covers the context of the site as well as that of its
architectural and allied solutions. The Pre-Design surrounding environment and the development
Services nominally include consultation, pre controls that apply to the site and its environs.
feasibility studies, feasibility studies, site selection
and analysis, site utilization and land-use studies, 2.6 Architectural Research
architectural research, architectural programming, Architectural research entails the conduct of
space planning, space management studies, value primary and secondary research and assembled
management, design brief preparation, promotional facts used as basis for conclusion.
services and other related activities.
2.7 Architectural Programming
2.1 Consultation This analytical problem-seeking process will lead to
When a Client calls upon the Architect to give oral the statement and identification of both horizontal
or written advice and direction, to attend and vertical requirements in offering a solution. It
conferences, to make evaluations and appraisals incorporates spaces such as ambiance, cost range,
regarding a contemplated project and similar etc.
activities, the Architect renders valuable inputs
whether or not the Client pursues the project. 2.8 Space Planning
The Architect determines the adequate size and
2.2 Pre-Feasibility Studies appropriate configuration and assemblage for a
These preliminary studies involve the procurement, proposed project in consideration of the use,
analysis and use of secondary information gathered allocation and interface of spaces for given
for the project to aid the Client in early activities. Space planning is done mainly through
decision-making. They represent the Architect’s primary data gathering such as interviews,
initial assessment of a project’s soundness, consultations, interfaces, focus group discussions
allowing the Client to promptly explore available/ (FGDs), space planning surveys, space audits, etc.
readily identifiable directions / options. Researched and subsequent analyses i.e. spatial layouts with
/ processed / validated secondary data are stacking concepts, particularly for multi-storey
generally used for such studies e.g. electronic, structures.
print, etc.

2.3 Feasibility Studies

Detailed analysis of the project based on 2.9 Space Management Studies
pre-feasibility studies will determine the viability of a An analysis of the space requirements of the
proposed development. The studies will set the project based on organizational structure and
functional set-up pinpoints linkages and interaction
of spaces. The formulation of the space program 3.1.1 Scope of Work
will serve as the basis for the development of the 3.1.2 Manner of Payment
architectural plan / design. 3.1.3 Owner’s Responsibilities
3.1.4 Other Conditions of Services
2.10 Value Management
This technique is applied in the cost management
process to minimize the negative effect of simplified 3.2 The Architect can render services in any
operations associated with many cost-reduction of the following ways:
programs. The goal of value management is to
3.2.1 As an individual Architect he must have
achieve an unimpaired program at minimum cost.
special training and be knowledgeable in different
Thus, a plan, design or system that has been
fields to supplement his skills.
successfully value-managed will still satisfy the
3.2.2 Architect’s Own Staff It is possible for
same performance criteria as the costlier
Architects (as natural persons) working in a single
alternatives.
firm to specialize in a variety of ways. Many
Architects and firms (juridical persons) specialize
without losing the
2.11 Design Brief Preparation
generalist approach of the Architect or firm.
Under design brief preparation, the Architect states
3.2.3 By Association, Consultation or Networking
the project terms of reference including the
Another common practice is consultation between
concept, objectives and other necessary
an Architect and a firm of other disciplines, under
requirements to bid out architectural services
the extended terms of the Owner-Architect
(whether public or private).
Agreement.

2.12 Promotional Services

4. METHOD OF COMPENSATION
Projects may require promotional activities in order
to develop and generate financial support and The Architect’s compensation is based on the
acceptance from governing agencies or from the Architect’s / architectural firm’s talents, skill,
general public. In such cases, the Architect can act experience, imagination, and on the type and level
as the agent of the Owner by producing and of professional services provided. Compensation
coordinating the additional activities necessary to for Pre-Design Services may be based on one or
complete the services. In all such activities, the more of the following:
Architect must maintain his professional status as 4.1 Multiple of Direct Personnel Expenses
the representative of the Owner. This cost-based method of compensation is
applicable only to non-creative work such as
accounting, secretarial, research, data gathering,
preparation of reports and the like. This method of
STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE compensation is based on technical hours spent
(SPP) and does not account for creative work since the
ON PRE-DESIGN SERVICES value of creative design cannot be measured by the
(Part of the IRR of R.A. No. 9266) length of time the designer has spent on his work.
SPP Document 201 The computation is made by adding all costs of
(replacing the 1979 UAP Doc. 201) technical services (man
hours x rate) and then multiplying it by a multiplier
3.1 MANNER OF PROVIDING SERVICES to cover overhead and profit.

3.1 After the initial meeting / conversation /

The multiplier ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 depending on
correspondence with the Client, the Architect must
the office set-up, overhead, and experience of the
submit his proposal for pre-design services, stating
Architect and the complexity of the Project. Other
the following:
items such as the cost of transportation, living and general scope of the work is necessary to set an
housing allowances of foreign consultants, equitable fee.
out-of-town living and housing allowances of the
local consultants and the like, are all to be charged 4.3 Lump Sum or Fixed Fee
to the Client. At the start of the commission, the This method may be applied to government
Architect shall make known to the Client the rate of projects since they entail more paper work and
professionals and personnel who will be assigned time-consuming efforts.
to the Project and the multiplier that has to be
applied before agreeing on this method of 4.4 Per Diem, Honorarium Plus
compensation.
Reimbursable Expenses
FORMULA In some cases a Client may request an Architect to
Assume: do work which will require his personal time such
A = Architect’s rate/hour as:
C = Consultant’s rate/hour 4.4.1 attending project-related meetings,
T = Rate per hour of Technical Staff, Researchers, conferences or trips;
and others involved in the Project 4.4.2 conducting ocular inspection of possible
AN, CN, TN = No. of hours spent by Architect, project sites; and
Consultants and Technical Staff 4.4.3 conferring with others regarding prospective
M = Multiplier to account for overhead and investments or ventures and the like. For these
reasonable profit. The value may range from 1.5 to particular activities, the Architect as agent of the
2.5 Owner may be paid on a per diem and honorarium
depending on the set-up of the Architect’s office basis plus out-of-pocket expenses such as but not
and the complexity of the Project. limited to travel, accommodations and subsistence.
R = Reimbursable expenses such as 4.5 Mixed Methods of Compensation
transportation, housing and living allowance of The SPP provides for more than one method of
Consultant, compensation on a project. Each project should be
transportation, per diem, housing and living examined to determine the most appropriate and
allowance of local consultants and technical staff if equitable compensation method.
assigned to places over 100 km. from the area of
operation of the Architect.
Cost of printing of extra set of drawings, reports, 5.1 Full Time Supervision Services
maps, contract documents, etc. over the five (5) Full-time Supervision Services
copies submitted to the Client, overseas and long Scope of Services
distance calls, technical and laboratory tests, -​ Quality Control
licenses, fees, taxes and similar cost items needed -​ Evaluation of Construction work
by the Project. -​ Preparation of Daily Inspection Reports
-​ Filing of documents
Direct cost = AN + CN + TN
Fee = Direct Cost x M Manner of
Total Cost of Service charged to Client = Fee + R Providing Services
Working in a dual capacity as Architect-of-record
4.2 Professional Fee Plus Expenses and a Consulting Architect for tulltime supervision
This method of compensation is frequently used services or as the Construction Supervision Group
where there is continuing relationship involving a (CSG). As the Architect-of record (AOR) Of the
series of projects. It establishes a fixed sum over project, the Aor is in a better position to interpret his
and above the reimbursement for the Architect’s drawings and documents and to assure conformity
technical time and overhead. An agreement on the by the Contractor. He can assign his staff to
Undertake the fulltime supervisory work to perform
the works as enumerated in the Architect's Professional Fee plus Expenses
Guidelines. -​ This method of compensation is frequently
Working as Consulting Architect for fulltime used where there is continuing relationship
Supervision services only or as the CSG. involving a series of projects. An agreement
on the general scope of the work is
Qualification for CSG Inspectors necessary in order to set an equitable fee.
-​ A Bachelor of Science in Architecture (B.S.
Arch.) degree.
-​ Extensive experience in design and building Lump Sum or Fixed Fee
construction and must be very -​ This method may be applied to government
knowledgeable in building materials and projects since they entail more paper work
construction detailing. and time-consuming efforts.
Per Diem, Honorarium Plus Reimbursable
Legal Responsibility Expenses
-​ responsible to the Owner only for -​ The Architect as agent of the Ow•ner may
administrative matters. For technical be paid on a per
matters, the CSG is responsible to the -​ diem and honorarium basis plus
Architect-of- record (Aor). out-of-pocket expenses
-​ a Service Contract / Agreement between -​ such as but not limited to travel,
the CSG and the Owner may stipulate accommodations and
certain professional responsibilities and civil -​ subsistence.
liabilities of the CSG, particularly if the CSG
is party to the review of the Contract Mixed Methods of Compensation
Documents and their subsequent evaluation
and interpretation during the course of -​ The SPP provides for more than one
construction. method of compensation on a project. Each
-​ If the Aor (and Eors) and the Contractor are project should be examined to determine
sued by an Owner for civil liabilities due to the most appropriate method of
the performance or non -performance of compensation.
certain acts traceable to the CSG, the Aor
and Eors may file cross claims against the Limitation of Authority
CSG. -​ The Construction Supervision Group (CSG),
which may be a qualified architectural firm,
or which the Architect is only part of, shall
Full-time Supervision services not assume the responsibility of the
Methods of Compensation Contractor's proj ect superintendent.
Percentage (%) of Project Construction Cost -​ The CSG shall not make decisions on
(PCC) matters that are the sole responsibility of the
-​ The Recommended Professional Fee (RPF) Architect- of-record (Aor).
for Fulltime Construction Supervision
Services is 10k to I.S % of the Project
Construction Cost (PCC). 5.2 Construction Management
Services
Multiple of Direct Personnel Expenses
Functions
The computation is made by adding all costs of
-​ Quality Control of Work
technical services (man hours x rate) and then
-​ Cost and Time Control
multiplying it by a multiplier to cover overhead and
-​ Coordination and
profit.
-​ Supervision
 -​ Keeping of Records -​ due to deficiencies in the plan / design,
Construction Manager (CM) provided the CM did not participate in the
• The Construction Manager (CM) could either be: plan / design review and approval, or
o a member of the staff of the Owner, an -​ due to the deficiencies in the manner of
independent individual, or construction, provided the CM faithfully
o a firm hired by the Owner to manage the discharged his function/s during the
construction of a particular project. construction / project implementation.
-​
Limitation of Authority
The Architect as the Construction Manager shall 6.1 Post Construction Services
not:
• involve himself directly with the work ofthe
Contractor such that it may be construed that he STANDARD OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
is assuming the Contractor's liability as provided (SPP)
for in Article 1723, etc. of the Civil Code. ON POST CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
• Impose methods, systems or designs that will (Pan of the IRR of RA No. 9260)
substantially affect the construction schedule and SPP Document 205
im air the design once the Architect. (replacing the 1979 IJAF Doc. 205)
INTRODUCTION
Qualifications . INTRODUCTION
• The individual or the principal of the firm 1.1 Building administration and management goes
must be a State-regulated professional, beyond maintenance and upkeep functions. It
preferably an Architect with managerial requires the services of a multi-disciplinary
capabilities and extensive experience in professional who can perform a wide range or
the field of construction. The Architect functions for the efficient and economical operation
must be a Registered and Licensed and maintenance of a building, facility or a
Architects (RLA), with an updated complex.
professional identification card and must 1.2 In Post-Construction Services, the channels of
be a member in good standing of the communication are kept open among the
Integrated and Accredited Professional building owners, operators, architects, engineers,
Organization of Architects (IAPOA). builders, manufacturers, building research
groups, utility providers, furniture and equipment
• Architects who are Contractors or who vendors and building administrators/ property
have already been in responsible charge of managers to provide access to information
construction works are usually capable of regarding the performance and upkeep of buildings.
becoming Construction Managers (CMS) 1.3 The Architect may be engaged as the Building
Administrator and/or Property Manager of a
Legal Responsibility commercial, industrial, residential or institutional
• The Architect as the Construction Manager building, facility or complex to maximize the
(CM) is directly responsible to the Owner lifespan of the building/s in order to produce the
on all aspects of the construction work: maximum economic return.
programming, coordination, quality and 2. SCOPE OF SERVICES
cost control and time management. 2.1 Building and Facilities Administration
2.1.1 Building Maintenance. The Architect shall:
• The CM assumes no liability in case a. see to it that the building and all the parts thereof
equipment fail to function or if a portion of (structure, plumbing, electrical,
the building collapses: partitions, finishes, etc.) are all in good condition.
b. formulate and enforce rules for the proper use of
the building and facility, particularly
in the common areas and the emergency/ egress/ Doc 203).
exit areas. 3. MANNER OF PROVIDING SERVICES
c. monitor security services, and The Architect may enter into contract with the
d. monitor maintenance and upkeep services Owner in two possible ways:
(cleanliness of corridors, lobbies, stairs 3.1. Working in a dual capacity as
and other common areas, exits, parking areas, Architect-of-record and as Consulting Architect for
garbage collection) post-
2.1.2 Grounds and Landscaping Supervision. The construction services.
Architect shall: 3.2. Working as Consulting Architect for
a. supervise landscape contractors and gardeners post-construction services only.
for the proper watering, pruning, 4. METHOD OF COMPENSATION
trimming and maintenance of the landscape (both 4.1. Percentage of gross rentals, maintenance and
hardscapes and softscapes); security fees; and/or
b. maintain orderly entrances, exits and parking 4.2. Monthly salary/ fee.
areas; and
c. maintain streets i.e. road rights-of–way
(RROWs), walkways, and ramps.

2.1.3 Building Equipment Maintenance. The

Architect shall:
a. assist the proper third parties in seeing to it that
all equipment (air-conditioning,
sprinkler system, generators, transformers,
telecommunications equipment, etc.) are
properly maintained and in good working condition
2.1.4 Business Development and Management.
The Architect shall:
a. innovate schemes to attain maximum building
occupancy
b. bill the tenants for rentals and utilities (electricity,
water, telephone, cable, gas and
other/ related dues)
2.2 Post-Construction Evaluation
2.2.1 Upon the request of the Owner, the Architect
shall:
a. evaluate the initial design program vs. the actual
use of the facility;
b. determine the effectiveness of the various
building systems and the materials
systems in use;
c. assist the proper third parties in evaluating the
functional effectiveness of the design
and construction process undertaken, and
d. study, research, and give solutions to any
discovered/ emerging/ evolving defects
and failures such as shrinkage, water seepage and
other problems in the building.
This is referred to as “forensic investigation” of the
building’s systems (Reference