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CENGGA01 LC10 Examples

The document covers the design of natural gas compressors, focusing on two exercises: one for an adiabatic compressor compressing ammonia and another for a reciprocating compressor compressing air. Key calculations include isentropic head, exit temperature, and the number of stages required for optimal efficiency. The results indicate the need for multiple compressors in the ammonia case and detailed performance metrics for the air compressor.

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ganesh
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7 views5 pages

CENGGA01 LC10 Examples

The document covers the design of natural gas compressors, focusing on two exercises: one for an adiabatic compressor compressing ammonia and another for a reciprocating compressor compressing air. Key calculations include isentropic head, exit temperature, and the number of stages required for optimal efficiency. The results indicate the need for multiple compressors in the ammonia case and detailed performance metrics for the air compressor.

Uploaded by

ganesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CENGGA01- NATURAL GAS PROCESSING

LECTURE 10 NATURAL GAS COMPRESSION

EXERCISE 1: COMPRESSOR DESIGN


Ammonia at 10 ̊C and 1 atm is compressed to 7 atm in an adiabatic compressor. The flow rate
is 20,000 m3/hr. Find the ideal compressor that is 80% efficient, calculate isotropic head and
exit temperature.
Given
𝑙𝑏
𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎 = 17.03
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎 = 8.39
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅

Discharge pressure; 7 𝑏𝑎𝑟 ≈ 102 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑔


Inlet flow rate; 20,000 𝑚3 /ℎ𝑟 = 104 𝑐𝑓𝑚
Based on the graph below, (Lecture 10, pg. 28) suitable compressor type is centrifugal.

Step 1) Calculate overall isentropic head


𝐶𝑝 𝐶𝑝 8.39
𝑘= = = = 1.3
𝐶𝑣 𝐶𝑝 − 𝑅 8.39 − 1.986

𝑇1 = 10𝑜 𝐶 = 510 𝑅

1
𝐵𝑡𝑢 1.3−1
∆ℎ𝑠 = (8.39 ) × (510 𝑅) × (7 1.3 − 1)
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅

𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆ℎ𝑠 = 2415
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅

∆ℎ𝑠 2415 𝐵𝑡𝑢


∆ℎ = = = 3020
𝜂 0.8 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙

Convert Btu/lbmol to Btu/lb;


Δℎ 3020 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = 177𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏
𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎 17.03 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑙𝑏

1 𝐵𝑡𝑢 = 779 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏

Δℎ = 138,000 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏/𝑙𝑏

Δh > 70,000 ft lb/lb, therefore we should calculate for 2 compressors by taking the square root
of the overall pressure ratio.

√7 = 2.65

𝐵𝑡𝑢 1.3−1
∆ℎ𝑠 = (8.39 ) × (510 𝑅) × (2.65 1.3 − 1)
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅

𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆ℎ𝑠 = 1075
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅

∆ℎ𝑠 1075 𝐵𝑡𝑢


∆ℎ = = = 1350
𝜂 0.8 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙

Δℎ = 61,400 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏/𝑙𝑏

Δh < 70,000 ft lb/lb, therefore 2 centrifugal compressors must be used.

Step 2) Calculate exit temperature


𝑘−1
1 𝑃2 𝑘
𝑇2 = × 𝑇1 × [( ) − 1] + 𝑇1
𝜂 𝑃1
1
𝑇2 = × (510 𝑅) × (2.650.23 − 1) + 510 = 670 𝑅
0.8
𝑇2 = 670 𝑅 = 210 ℉

2
EXERCISE 2: RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
Air entering at 70 ̊F and atmospheric pressure is to be compressed to 4000 lbf/in2 gauge in a
reciprocating compressor with 85% efficiency at the rate of 125 std ft3/min.

a) If the compression ratio is the same in each stage, how many stages should be used?
b) What is the isentropic head and discharge temperature?
c) What is the theoretical shaft work per scf for frictionless adiabatic compression?
d) What is the brake hp?
e) What would be the isentropic head and discharge temperature if we calculated for one stage
only?
Given
𝑘 = 1.4
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 0.075 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3

a) Overall CR must be less than 4.

1
𝑃2 𝑛
𝐶𝑅 = ( )
𝑃1

𝑃1 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 14.7 𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑖𝑛2


𝑃2 = 4000 𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑖𝑛2
1
4000 𝑛 1
𝐶𝑅 = ( ) = 272𝑛
14.7
We can find n by trial and error:

n (272)1/n
1 272
2 16.5
3 6.48
4 4.06
5 3.07

CR<4 when n>4, therefore we can use 5 stages.

b) Isentropic head;

3
𝐶𝑝 𝐶𝑝
𝑘= = = 1.4
𝐶𝑣 𝐶𝑝 − 𝑅

𝐶𝑝
= 1.4
𝐶𝑝 − 1.986

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑝 = 6.95
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅

𝑇1 = 70℉ = 530 𝑅
5 stages are used, therefore;
𝑃1
= 3.07
𝑃2

𝐵𝑡𝑢 1.4−1
∆ℎ𝑠 = (6.95 ) × (530 𝑅) × (3.07 1.4 − 1)
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅

𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆ℎ𝑠 = 1393
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
Actual head;

∆ℎ𝑠 1393 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙


∆ℎ = =
𝜂 0.85

𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆ℎ ≈ 1640 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒)
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆ℎ𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 1640 × 5 = 8200
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙

Discharge temperature;
𝑇2
= (3.07)0.286
530 𝑅

𝑇2 = 730 𝑅 = 270℉

c) Theoretical shaft work;


Change unit of Δh from Btu/lbmol to Btu/ft3

𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑊𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 = ∆ℎ ×
𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟

4
𝐵𝑡𝑢 0.075 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3
𝑊𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 8200 ×
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 28.97 𝑙𝑏/𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑊𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 21.2 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡 3


d) Brake hp;
1 ℎ𝑝 = 42.41 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝐻𝑃 = 𝑊𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 × 𝑄

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑓𝑡 3
𝐵𝐻𝑃 = 21.2 3 × 125
𝑓𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝐻𝑃 = 2650
𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝐵𝐻𝑃 = 62.5 ℎ𝑝
e) For one stage;
𝐵𝑡𝑢 1.4−1
∆ℎ𝑠 = (6.95 ) × (530 𝑅) × (272 1.4 − 1)
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑅

𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆ℎ𝑠 = 14620
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆ℎ = 17200
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑇2 = 2630 𝑅 = 2170℉

In this question one stage calculations give unrealistic isentropic head and discharge
temperatures.

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