Guess the Word Fast!

 1. ipipnieishp
 2. ioccenom   Philippines
 Economic
 3. lzria  Rizal
 4. lcpiloiat  Political
 5. laongel  Galleon
 6. alosci  Social
 7. euzs laanc  Zeus Canal
 8. rltuulca  Cultural
 9. szetimso  Mestizos
 10. odilsurtas  Ilustrados
 Guess the Word Fast!
 11. mpdevnteole
 Development
 12. piflinoi  Filipino
 13. ssuejit  Jesuits
 14. nisphas  Spanish
 15. diinos  Indios
Module 2
 Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the lesson, students shall be able to:


❖compare and contrast the situation of the 19th century
world and the Philippines.

❖analyze how societal conditions led to the development

of national consciousness; and

❖identify the impact of the 19th century situation to the

idealism of Jose Rizal.
 Me?

Have you ever wondered

what makes you, you?
 
Reminisce a part of your past
where you think you have
learned something and which
is still beneficial to your
present life.

How do you think this

“Man is partly the
product of his time. His
life and his message are
affected by his
environment and the
event that take place in
the world he lives in.”
Rizal was born in the 19th century,
a time marked by significant
changes in the world.
He grew up amidst the Philippines'
struggle for independence and the
shifting social, economic, and
political landscape of the time.
These changes played
a role in shaping his
perspective on life.
To better understand how Rizal became who
he was, let's look back at what was
happening in the 19th century.
The 19th Century
• birth of modernity- the break from
traditional ways of life
• emergence of new ideas, attitudes, and institutions
that marked the transition to a new era.
Can you cite
significant world
events during the
19th century?
Various political revolutions happened during
the late 18th and 19th Century.

During this era, the

industrial revolution was
New modes of production, transportation
taking place.
and communication were introduced.
The 19th century encompasses a new way of thinking about the
world…..
• heavily influenced by Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that
valued reason, rationality, and individualism

• the belief in progress and the ability to shape the world through
scientific, technological, and social advancement

• challenged the power of the monarchy and paved the way for new
forms of governance based on individual rights, nationalism, and
freedom.
POLITICAL CONTEXT

The French
Revolution
1779-1789
> liberty,
> equality, and
> fraternity
The American Civil
War (1861 – 1865)
Before The 19th Century

Monarchy Democracy
Before The 19th Century

Feudalism Capitalism
 Before The 19th Century

Passively-Accepting Reform-Minded
ECONOMIC CONTEXT

Industrialization

…..generally applied to the extraordinary transformation in the

method of production, transportation and communication
through the substitution of manual labor to machine.

21
Spain became a mercantilist superpower.

But not forever….

By the late 18th century, the
Galleon system faced tough
competition as other nations
became self-sufficient and
preferred direct trade.
By the late 18th century, the
Galleon system faced tough
competition as other nations
became self-sufficient and
preferred direct trade.

Spain's trading system and the

demand for Asian goods
eventually declined.
Spain was heavily dependent on
the silver mines of its colonies in
South America, which slowly
dwindled.
The value of silver also
declined due to the
increased production of
silver in the Americas,
reducing the profit
margins of Galleon
Trade merchants.
Revolts, particularly in the War for Independence in
Mexico, took place in the New World, thus shifting
the focus and priority of consumers away from trade.

Spain's trading system and the demand for

Asian goods eventually declined.

By the late 18th century, the Galleon system

faced tough competition as other nations
became self-sufficient and preferred direct
trade.
The Philippines of
Rizal's Times
Economic Aspect
The economic opportunities created by the
Industrial Revolution had encouraged Spain in 1834
to open the Philippine economy to world commerce.
End of GalleonTrade

Longest economic trading route

through a Galleon ships going
back and forth between Manila,
Cebu and Acapulco, Mexico
(1565-1815).
British, Dutch, and American trading companies invested
large capital in the country for the large-scale production
of different products, such as tobacco and sugar.
Chinese immigrants served as middlemen between the
provinces, where the crops were planted, and the
merchant houses of the Mestizos in Manila.
Rich natives became tenants,
known as ‘Inquilinos' in Spanish.
 Inquilinos oversee the production of cash crops by
subleasing large estates or haciendas from friars and
then subletting them to indigenous farmers.
There was rise of new influential
and wealthy Filipino middle class.
Opening of SUEZ CANAL

• An artificial sea-level waterway in

Egypt that connects
Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
• Constructed by the Suez Canal
Company between 1859 and
1869.
• French diplomat Ferdinand
de Lesseps.
• Officially opened on November
17, 1869.
What’s the
importance of
SUEZ CANAL?
When the Suez Canal, an artificial sea-level waterway, was
opened, the distance of travel between Europe and the
Philippines was considerably shortened.

The opening of the Suez Canal, construction of steel bridges, and

safer and faster gave way to more intensive production of crops,
which provided a huge advantage in commercial enterprises.
 SUEZ CANAL
• As travel time from the Philippines to Spain and vice versa was shortened to 30
days from more than two months, this positively affected the development of
agricultural exports, which brought economic prosperity to native indios or the
so-called"illustrados".

• Encouraged the illustrados, especially Jose Rizal to pursue education abroad

and learn scientific and liberal in European academic institutions. Their social
dealings with liberals in the West have influenced their thoughts on
nationhood, politics, and government.

• Expedited the importation not only of commercial products but also of books,
magazines and newspapers with liberal ideas from America and Europe, which
ultimately affected the minds of Rizal and other Filipino reformists.
What does all of these
have to do with Rizal?
When Rizal’s Chinese ancestor Domingo Lam-co
had come to the Binan hacienda in mid-
eighteenth century, he became an Inquilino with
2.9 hectares land.

After Rizal's father had moved to the Calamba

hacienda, the Rizal family in the 1890s rented
from the hacienda over 390 hectares.

This made the Inquilino class

wealthy, which include the Rizal
patriarch, the family Mercado.
 This enabled the family to live a prosperous and comfortable life,
thus giving the Rizal children more time and focus toward education.
Social Condition
In the Mariana Islands, for administrative purposes,
the Spanish racial hierarchy was as follows:

Peninsulares

Creoles or Insulares

Mestizos

Native Filipinos

Indios
The highest class is the
Peninsulares - pure-blooded
Spaniards who were born in the
Iberian Peninsula, such as Spain.
Insulares were the specific
term given to creoles (full-
blooded Spaniards born in
the colonies) born in the
Philippines or the Marianas.
Mestizos, or colloquially
Tisoy, is a name used to
refer to people of mixed
native Filipino and any
foreign ancestry.
At the bottom of the
hierarchy were the Native
Filipinos and Indio.
Educational Condition
The Industrial Revolution
necessitated changes in the
education system of the Philippines.
 Before, schools had total and
strict control from the friars.

It can even be summed up in three words:

inadequate, suppressive, and controlled.
Children were taught to fear God over basic literacy and to
obey the friars instead of learning how to count.
 The educational system will no longer work
Whew.
to keep up with the modernizing world…

Thus, Educational Decree of 1863 was implemented by the

Spanish Colonial Government to address the lack of formal
education among Filipinos..
It mandated the
establishment of a public
school system throughout
the country and required
each town to have at least
one primary school for boys
and girls.
The curriculum was heavily
influenced by the Spanish
colonial government and
focused on Catholicism and
Spanish culture, limiting the
scope of education and
hindering the development of a
national identity among
Filipinos
The return of the Jesuits was a significant event that influenced the
educational system in the Philippines.

In 1865, Ateneo (which was handled by Jesuits) transformed into a

secondary school that offered a level of instruction beyond the official
requirements, more closely resembling today's college than high school.
It was in these secondary schools that the ideas
of nationalism began to emerge, even among
those who had never traveled to Europe.
Political Condition
The Church played a significant role in the state's
proceedings, manipulating the indigenous people to
comply with the state's laws as it saw fit.
 During Rizal's time, the court of justice in the
Philippines was notoriously corrupt.

Racial prejudice was rampant in the

Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.

The poor had no access to the courts due

to the heavy expenses of litigation,
The local indigenous population was prohibited
from organizing assemblies or political meetings.

Merit was not based on one's capabilities or qualifications but on

wealth, race, and connections with influential people.
During Rizal's time, there were widespread
calls for democracy in the Philippines.
Rizal viewed Spain as
regressive, incompatible, and
the main reason why the
country was not progressing.
The thirst for reform and nationalism flourished in
the liberal atmosphere, and, to make a long story
short, this led to the Philippine Independence
movement and the death of Rizal.
Factors that gave rise to Filipino
nationalism
 Factors that gave rise to
Filipino nationalism

Opening of Suez Canal Spread of New Ideas The Spanish Revolution of

Stimulated the spread of The concept of liberalism 1868
intellectual practices and engaged the Filipinos to Start of a liberal regime
traditions from Europe fight for their rights and
freedom

Race Prejudice against the Martyrdom of GomBurZa

Filipino People Started the uprising of Filipino
Filipinos are considered as an Nationalism
inferior race with a limited
intellectual capabilities
 Opening of Suez Canal

▷ The opening of Suez Canal (1869) gave

more opportunities to the illustrados and
elites to travel and gain education in
different places in Europe.
The Spanish Revolution (1868)

▷ The triumph of liberalism in Spain against

the autocratic rule of Isabela II (1833-1869)
resounded across the seas to the shores of
her overseas colonies.
 Spread of New Ideas
▷ Philippines was opened by Spain to World Trade
▷ Liberal ideas , contained books and newspapers, were
ideologies of the American and French Revolutions and
the thoughts of different philosophers such as:
▷ MONTESQUIEU
- separation of powers
▷VOLTAIRE
- freedom of religion
▷LOCKE
- liberalism
▷JEFFERSON
- anti-slavery
▷ Liberal ideas from Europe filtered in when
Spain gradually exposed Phil. to international
commerce.
▷ The sons and daughters of the principalia were
able to attain education, thereupon giving then
exposure to libertarian ideas.

Principalia
The Principalía or noble class was the ruling
and usually educated upper class in the towns
of Spanish Philippines
 The Rise of the Principalia (Middle
Class)

• Middle class families were able to send their

children to Europe for their education. Being
educated, these Filipinos were able to see the
difference between Europe and the Philippines
and so they became disillusioned with Spain.
From the Filipinos abroad emerged the works
of Filipino propagandists who clamoured for
changes and reforms in the Philippines.
Racial Prejudice against the Filipino People
▷ Filipinos are considered as an inferior race with
limited intelligence
 Liberal Regime of
Carlos Ma. de la Torre

• When Carlos Ma. de la Torre demonstrated his democratic and

liberal means of governance.
• He abolished the censorship of the press.
• The freedom of speech and of the press were recognized.
 Reactionary
Governor-General

Rafael de Isquierdo, an arrogant and ruthless Governor-General

, reversed the liberal work of de la Torre. He imposed strict
censorship of the press, banned all talk of reforms and stop the
Filipinization of the parishes. Despotism started in the
Philippines once again.
 The Secularization Controversy

In the Philippine context, "secularization" meant merely

"nationalizing" the Catholic Church by replacing the friars with
native secular priests.
 Martyrdom of GomBurZa
• The Filipino people deeply resented the
execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora.
• They were acclaimed as the executed
priests as true martyrs of their
fatherland.
 The Cavite Mutiny

• As an expression of protest, on the night of January 20, 1872,

about 200 Filipino soldiers and dock workers in the province of
Cavite mutinied and killed their Spanish officers under the
leadership of Sergeant Lamadrid.
 Assessment
19th Century Philippine Magazine
• Work with a group of classmates to research the Philippines in
the 19th Century, then present your findings in a special-
edition magazine called "Las Vida Filipinas." Your magazine
should contain pictures and articles that provide information
about different aspects of Philippine life in the 19th Century--
for example, religion and politics; news back then and
literature; events and celebrations; lifestyles of the upper class
and the poor. Organize the work equitably, with some group
members concentrating on illustrations, others on research,
others on writing and editing, and so on. (See module for
rubric).
Thank you
References:
https://www.slideshare.net/PennVillanueva/indigenous-peoples-of-the-philippines

Philippines in the 19th century

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/bohol-island-state-university/life-works-and-
writings-of-rizal/ge-9-module-2-philippines-in-the-19th-century/32922850
Yosef Eric C. Hipolito,LPT, MABachelor of Arts in History [email protected]
https://prezi.com/5rwomgrlesap/the-birth-of-filipino-national-consciousness/
file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/rizalandhistime-170520051710.pdf

(n.d.). pdf. https://02-19thcenturyasrizalscontext-lifeandworksofrizal-230304134357-

07d7642f%20(1).pdf