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Here are concise and easy-to-understand notes on JDBC, organized topic-wise based on the
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2.1 Introduction to JDBC
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is an API that allows Java applications to interact with
databases.
It provides methods to query and update data in a database.
JDBC acts as a bridge between Java applications and databases.
2.2 Difference Between File and Database
File Database
Stores data in a flat structure. Stores data in a structured format (tables).
No querying mechanism. Supports querying using SQL.
Limited data integrity. Ensures data consistency and integrity.
Slower for large datasets. Optimized for large datasets.
2.3 What is JDBC API
A set of classes and interfaces in Java for database operations.
Key components:
DriverManager: Manages database drivers.
Connection: Establishes a connection to the database.
Statement and PreparedStatement: Execute SQL queries.
ResultSet: Retrieves query results.
2.4 5 Steps to Connect to Database
1. Load the JDBC driver:
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
2. Establish a connection:
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db", "user"
3. Create a statement:
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
4. Execute queries:
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM table_name");
5. Close the connection:
con.close();
2.5 Create Statement Using: Statement
Statement is used for executing static SQL queries.
Example:
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM table_name");
2.6 Create Statement Using: PreparedStatement
PreparedStatement is used for dynamic or parameterized queries.
Example:
PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE id = ?
pstmt.setInt(1, 101);
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
2.7 Execute Query Methods
1. execute(): Executes any SQL statement (query or update).
2. executeQuery(): Executes SELECT queries and returns a ResultSet.
3. executeUpdate(): Executes INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE queries and returns the number of
affected rows.
2.8 Batch Execution
Used to execute multiple SQL statements as a batch for better performance.
Example:
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (1, 'A')");
stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (2, 'B')");
stmt.executeBatch();
2.9 Create Maven Project for CRUD Operations
1. Add dependencies in pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.x.x</version>
</dependency>
2. Write Java code for Create, Read, Update, Delete operations using JDBC.
2.10 Create Procedure in DB
A procedure is a stored program in the database.
Example:
CREATE PROCEDURE GetUsers()
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM users;
END;
2.11 Create Function in DB
A function returns a value after execution.
Example:
CREATE FUNCTION GetUserCount()
RETURNS INT
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users);
END;
2.12 What is DB Metadata
Metadata provides information about the database (e.g., tables, columns).
Accessed using DatabaseMetaData object:
DatabaseMetaData dbmd = con.getMetaData();
System.out.println(dbmd.getDatabaseProductName());
2.13 What is ResultSet Metadata
Provides information about the columns in a ResultSet.
Accessed using ResultSetMetaData object:
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
System.out.println(rsmd.getColumnName(1));
2.14 Create Connection Pool Practical
Connection pooling improves performance by reusing connections.
Use libraries like Apache DBCP or HikariCP.
Example with HikariCP:
HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
config.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db");
config.setUsername("user");
config.setPassword("password");
HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
Connection con = ds.getConnection();
Let me know if you need further elaboration on any topic!
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