TOPIC :

NATURAL DISASTERS
PRESENTED
BY : Zara
Zafar
PRESENTED BY :Zara Zafar CLASS : 6-D
CLASS : 6-D
A natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods, and services, social and economic
disruption or environmental damage
The
The different typesofof
different types natural
Natural disaster
Disasters are are:
:

Tsunamis
Hurricanes
Earthquakes
Tornadoes
Wildfires
Volcanic Eruptions
Blizzards
Hailstorms
Mudslides
Floods
 DID YOU KNOW?

• The strongest earthquake ever recorded was the 9.5 magnitude Chilean earthquake in
1960. It lasted for about 10 minutes!
• There are about 1,500 active volcanoes on Earth today. About 20 erupt each year.
• Tsunami waves can travel up to 800 km/h (500 mph), as fast as a jet plane, in deep
waters.
• The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was so powerful it affected the entire planet’s gravity
field, making Earth "ring" like a bell.
• Floods are the most common natural disaster globally, affecting billions of people each
year.
• Japan has about 1,500 earthquakes a year, but most are small and barely felt.
• Animals like dogs and cats often sense earthquakes before humans do.
• The word "volcano" comes from Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.
 TSUNAMI
A ts un am i i s a s er i es o f l ar g e o c ea n w aves c aus ed b y
s ud d en d is tur b an ce s und er the se a, su ch as e ar thq ua ke s,
vo lc ani c er up t io ns , l and s l id es , o r even me teo r im p ac ts .
T hes e e vents d i sp l ac e va st am oun ts of w ater, c r eat ing
p o w er ful w aves tha t tr avel a cr o s s the oc ea n a t hi g h
s p eed s , o fte n r ea ch ing up to 8 00 km / h. Ts una mi s ar e not
l ik e r eg u lar wave s; they ar e muc h lar g e r and ca n g r o w
s ig ni fi c antl y ta ll er as t hey a p p r oa ch s hal lo w c oa st al ar ea s,
c aus i ng s ever e d es tr uc tio n. Wh il e ts una mi s may st ar t a s
s ma ll wa ves far fr om s ho re , they ca n tu rn in to to we r ing
w all s o f w ate r, f lo o d ing and d a ma g ing ever yth ing in thei r
p at h.
 EARTHQUAKE
An ear thquake is the s haki ng of the Ear th's su r face
caus e d by th e s u dde n r e le as e of en e rgy i n th e E ar th' s
cru s t. This re le ase happ ens along f aults , whi ch ar e
cracks or fr actur e s in th e E ar th 's su r f ace . Th e e n er gy
that i s r el e as e d trave ls as s e is mi c wave s, an d the s e
wav es cau se th e g rou n d to s hake. E ar thq uakes can ran ge
i n s ize f rom s mall tr em ors th at ar e b ar el y fe l t to l ar ge ,
de s tr u cti ve qu ake s th at can cau se si gn if i can t d am ag e to
bu i ldi n gs , i nf ras tru ctu r e, an d the en vi ron me n t.
Th e p oin t i ns id e the Ear th wh er e th e e ar thq uake b eg in s
i s cal le d the focu s or h ypoce nte r, wh i le th e poi n t on th e
E ar th 's s u r face di re ctl y above i t i s cal le d the ep ice nte r.
 AVALANCE
An avalanche is a mass of snow, ice, and rocks
that quickly slides down a mountain slope due
to a variet y of factors. It typically occurs when
the snowpack on a mountain becomes
unst able, and a large sect ion of it suddenly
breaks free, cascading downhill.
 VOLCANO

A vol cano is a geological feat ure where

molt en rock, ash, and gases from beneath the
Eart h’s surface are expelled through an
opening in the Earth's crust. This eruption
occurs because t he pressure from the hot,
molt en rock (magma) below the Earth's
surface builds up and pushes t hrough weak
spot s in the crust. When magma reaches the
surface, it is called lava, and as it cools, it
forms various t ypes of rock structures.
 FLOODS
A flood is an overf low of water onto normally dr y
land. It occurs when there is an excess of water due
to various factors, causing rivers, lakes, or other
bodies of water t o exceed their normal levels, or when
heavy rain falls faster than t he land can absorb it.
Floods can also be caused by melting snow, tsunamis,
or the bursting of dams or levees.
 HURRICANES
Definition : A hurr icane is a powe r ful trop ical
cyclone wi th str ong w inds, he avy r ai n, and
thunde rstorms, for ming ove r war m ocean
wate rs.

Impact : Hu r ri can es cau s e s eve re damage ,

i ncl ud ing hi gh winds, he avy r ai n, stor m sur ge s
(f l ooding f rom the se a), and tor nad oes, l e ad in g
to d estructi on of p rop er ty, loss of li fe , and
e nvi ronme ntal d am ag e.

Fo rmatio n: Hur ri canes de vel op when war m,

moi st air r ise s over war m ocean water s, cre ati ng
l ow-pr e ssure system s. They r e quir e sea sur face
tem pe rature s of at l e ast 26.5 °C (80°F ).
 TORNADOS
• D ef in i tion : A to rn a do i s a vi ol e nt, r ota tin g col umn of a ir
th at e xte nd s f rom a thu nd er sto rm to the gr oun d, ca p ab le of
c au si ng si gn i fi ca nt de str uc ti on.

• I mpa cts : Tor n ad oe s c a n de str oy bu il di ng s, up ro ot tr e es ,

tos s v e hi cl e s, a nd ca u se l oss of l if e. Th e in te ns ity of da ma ge
de p en ds on the torn a do' s str e ngth a n d d ur a tion .
• Ty pe s of Tor n a doe s :

• S up er ce l l T or na d oes : T h e se a r e the mos t c ommo n a n d

po we r ful to rn a doe s, fo rmi ng fr om s upe r ce l l thu nd e rs torms .

•La n ds pou ts: S ma l le r a nd w ea k er to rn a doe s tha t d o n ot fo rm

fr om s up er c el l s.

•W a ter sp ou t s: Tor n ad oe s th a t fo rm o ve r wa te r a nd c an mov e

on to l a nd .

•Mu lti -vo rte x To rn a do es : Th e se h av e mul ti pl e sma l le r v orti c es

r ota tin g ar ou nd the ma i n tor na do fu nn el .
 WILDFIRES
1 . D e f i n i t io n :

A w i l df i r e i s a n u n c o n t ro l l e d f i re t h a t s pr e a d s ra p i d l y a c ro s s v e g e t a t i on , i n c l u d i ng
f o r e s t s , g ra s s l a nd s , a nd s hr u b l a n ds .

2. Causes:

• N a t u ra l C a u s e s :

• L i g ht n i n g s t r i k e s a re a l e a d i n g n a t u ra l c a us e .

• S p on t a ne ou s c omb u s t i on of d r y v e g e t a t i o n i n e xt r e m e l y h o t w e a t h e r.

•C l i ma t e C h a n g e C o n n e c t io n:

•R i s i n g g l ob a l t e m p e ra t u re s i n c r e a s e h e a t w a ve s a n d d r ou g h t s .

•E x t e n de d f i r e s e a s o ns a n d m or e s e ve re w i l d f i r e s a r e l i n k e d t o c ha n gi n g c l i m a t e
p atter ns.

•T y p e s of Wil d fi r e s:

•Gr o u n d F i r e s: B u r n b e n ea th t h e f o r es t f l o or , a f f ec ti n g r o ot s a n d or g a n ic m at te r in t h e
s o i l.

•S u r fa c e F ir e s : S p r ea d al o n g t h e g r o u n d th r o u g h g r as s , s h r u b s , an d f a l le n le av es .

•C r o w n F ir e s : R e ac h th e to p s o f t r ee s, o f te n th e m os t i n te n se an d d i f f i cu l t t o c o n tr o l.
 BLIZZARDS

What is a Blizzard?

• A blizzard is a ver y bad snowstorm with

strong wi nds and low visi bil ity (you can’t
see ver y far).

•Fun Fact:

•Blizzards can happen even if it isn’ t snowing!

Strong winds can pick up old snow from the
ground and blow it around—that ’s called a
ground blizzard.
 HAILSTORMS
1. Wha t is a Hailstorm?

A hailstor m is a stor m that pro duces c hunks o f ice

c alled h ailstones.

2. What are Ha ilston es?

• Hailstones ar e balls o f ice.

• They ca n be small like peas or big like baseballs!

• Larger hailstones cause mor e damage.

•Dan gers of Hails torms:

•Dam age to ca rs, buildings, and c ro ps .

•Can hur t people and animals if t he ha ils to nes are

large.

•Ro ads bec ome slipper y and dangero us.

 MUDSLIDES
F u n f a c t - M u d s li d es ca n tr a ve l a t s p ee d s o f u p to 3 5 m p h , a s f a s t a s a r u n n in g
ho rse !

• Wh a t a r e Mu d s li d e s ?

• A m u d sl i d e i s wh e n wa te r - s a tu r a te d s o i l, r o c k s , a n d d eb r i s m o ve r ap i d l y d o wn h il l .

• Cause s:

• H ea vy r ai n f al l , sn o wm el t , or e ve n ea r th q u a k es ca n tr i g g er t h em .

• Speed:

• Th e y c an m o ve ve r y f as t, s om e ti m e s u p to 3 5 m p h ( 5 6 k m / h ).

• C o m p os i t io n :

• M u d s li d es co n s i s t of s oi l , wa te r , r oc k s , an d s o m e ti m es veg e ta ti o n .

• L oc a t io n :

• Th e y u s u al ly oc cu r i n h i ll y o r m o u n ta in o u s a r ea s.

• D ang er:

• Mu d s li d es ca n b e d e st r u ct iv e, d a m ag i n g r oa d s, b u i l d in g s, an d e ven c au s in g i n j u r ie s
o r f at al i ti es .
 HOW TO PREVENT?

Nat ural disasters, such as earthquakes, f loods,

hurricanes, and wildfires, cannot be prevented entirely,
but we can take significant steps to mitigate their
impacts.

Ways to help:

• Donate t o organizations that deal with natural

disasters relief

• Volunteer wit h these organizations

• Help rebuild cit ies

• Many organizations that are based around helping,

support ing and recuing victims, are places that you
can donate to and where they raise money.
What to do ?

The best thing we can do is t o sto p t he prac tices that are

harmful to our environment and l eading to envi ro nmental
degradatio n and at the same time, we sho ul d al so be prepared
for a disast er wi th our disaster management plan.

It is al so required to dispose o f the dead animals as well human

bodies pro perly befo re and epidemi c outbreak

Our environment should me safe from po llution.

Sto p burning plasti c and safe the ear th

Thank You!
Presented by : Zara Zafar
Class : 6D