CS-481:Artificial Intelligence

Lecture 15
Basics of Machine Learning

By: Dr. Saima Hassan

Asst. Professor, Institute of Computing
KUST
 Discussion Agenda

• Topic: Machine Learning

• Introduction
• Difference Between AI and ML
• Basics of ML
• Process of ML
• Types of ML
• Examples
 Machine Learning

Machines follow orders of humans

Human learns from their experiences and performed tasks
 Machine Learning

When human train the machine to learn from past experiences

 What is Machine Learning?
Arthur Samuel coined the term Machine Learning in
the year 1959
“Field of study that gives computers the capability to learn
without being explicitly programmed”.
https://blog.quantinsti.com/machine-learning-basics/
Machine learning is an application of AI

It is primarily concerned with the design and development of algorithms

that allow the system to learn from historical data.
Machine Learning is based on the idea that machines can learn from past
data, identify patterns, and make decisions using algorithms.
Machine learning algorithms are designed in such a way that they can learn
and improve their performance automatically.
Machine learning helps in discovering patterns in data.
 Difference between AI and Machine Learning?

AI is a bigger concept to create

intelligent machines that can simulate human
thinking capability and behavior,

machine learning is an application or subset

of AI that allows machines to learn from data
without being programmed explicitly.
Difference between AI and Machine Learning?
 How do humans learn?
First, we receive the knowledge about a certain thing and then keeping this
knowledge in mind, we are able to identify the thing in the future.
Recognizing someone, planning a trip, plotting a
strategy—each of these tasks demonstrate
intelligence. they depend on our learning ability
Learning is all about understanding data patterns
Based on repeated observations our brain develops an algorithm of how
data patterns correlate with the outcome.

Examples: An expert medical doctor is able to quickly read the pattern in the
symptoms

A professional tennis player can predict accurately where the ball is going to
come, by just observing the body and action of the opponent as he serves.
 Basic Terminology of Machine Learning
Model: is the mathematical representation of a real-world process. A machine
learning algorithm along with the training data builds a machine learning model.
Feature: is a measurable property or parameter of the data-set.
Training: An algorithm takes a set of data known as “training data” as input. The
learning algorithm finds patterns in the input data and trains the model for expected
results (target). The output of the training process is the machine learning model.
Prediction: Once the machine learning model is ready, it can be fed with input data
to provide a predicted output.
Target (Label): The value that the machine learning model has to predict is called
the target or label.
How Machine Learning works?
Have you ever shopped online? So while checking
for a product, did you noticed when it recommends
for a product similar to what you are looking for? or
did you noticed “the person bought this product also
bought this” combination of products. How are they
doing this recommendation? This is machine
learning. https://www.edureka.co/blog/what-is-machine-learning/

Did you ever get a call from any bank or

finance company asking you to take a loan or an
insurance policy? What do you think, do they
call everyone? No, they call only a few selected
customers who they think will purchase their
product. How do they select? This is target
marketing and can be applied using Clustering.
This is machine learning.
Types of Machine Learning
Supervise Learning
Unsupervised Learning
 How Machine Learning works?

melody
Tempo
Rhythm
Lyrics
Gender of voice
Instruments
Assume Jeff loves listening songs
 How Machine Learning works?
y
Soaring

Intensity B

Song A = Fast Rhythm and

soaring Intensity
Light

x
Relaxed Fast

Rhythm
Process of Machine Learning
 Applications of Machine Learning
Machine learning is preferred approach to
Face recognition: Pose, lighting, occlusion (glasses, beard), make-up, hair style
Character recognition: Different handwriting styles.
Speech recognition: Temporal dependency.
▪ Use of a dictionary or the syntax of the language.
▪ Sensor fusion: Combine multiple modalities; eg, visual (lip image) and
acoustic for speech
Medical diagnosis: From symptoms to illnesses
Web Advertizing: Predict if a user clicks on an ad on the Internet.
Natural language processing
Computer vision
Robot control
Computational biology
Related Disciplines

decision game
theory theory
AI control
theory
information
biological theory
evolution
Machine
probability Learning
& philosophy
statistics
optimization
Data Mining statistical psychology
mechanics

computational
complexity
theory neurophysiology
 Assignment

Write Name of 2 algorithms/models for each that can be used for these task
1. Face recognition
2. Character Recognition
3. Speech recognition
4. Electricity Load prediction/forecasting
5. Stock Price prediction/forecasting
6. Social Media Recommender System
Thankyou