1

IOQM 2024
Geometry DPP-09

1. In the figure, AB ⊥ BC, BC ⊥ CD, and BC is tangent 4. Twelve congruent disks are placed on a circle C of
radius 1 in such a way that the twelve disks cover C,
to the circle with center O and diameter AD. In which
no two of the disks overlap, and so that each of the
one of the following cases is the area of ABCD an twelve disks is tangent to its two neighbors. The
integer? resulting arrangement of disks is shown in the figure
below. The sum of the areas of the twelve disks can
( )
be written in the from  a − b c , where a, b, c are
positive integers and c is not divisible by the square
of any prime. Find a + b + c.

(A) AB = 3, CD = 1
(B) AB = 5, CD = 2
(C) AB = 7, CD = 3
(D) AB = 9, CD = 4

2. A triangle is inscribed in a circle. The vertices of the

triangle divide the circle into three arcs of lengths 3, 5. A hexagon is inscribed in a circle. Five of the sides
4, and 5. What is the area of the triangle? have length 81 and the sixth, denoted by AB , has
18 length 31. Find the sum of the lengths of the three
(A) 6 (B) diagonals that can be drawn from A.
2

(C)
9
2
( )
3 −1 (D)
9
2
( 3 +3) 6. A circle of radius r has chords AB of length 10 and
CD of length 7. When AB and CD are extended
through B and C, respectively, they intersect at P,
which is outside of the circle. If APD = 60° and
3. Two circles are externally tangent. Lines PAB and BP = 8, then r2 =
(A) 70 (B) 71
PA ' B ' are common tangents with A and A’ on the (C) 72 (D) 73
smaller circle B and B' on the larger circle. If
PA = AB = 4, then the area of the smaller circle is 7. The sides of ABC have lengths 6, 8, and 10. A circle
with center P and radius 1 rolls around the inside of
ABC, always remaining tangent to at least one side
of the triangle. When P first returns to its original
position, through what distance has P traveled?

(A) 1.44  (B) 2

(A) 10 (B) 12
(C) 2.56  (D) 8 (C) 14 (D) 15
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8. Let CH be an altitude of ABC, Let R and S be the 10. In a circle of radius 42, two chords of length 78
points where the circles inscribed in the triangles intersect at a point whose distance from the center is
ACH and BCH are tangent to CH . If AB = 1995, AC 18. The two chords divide the interior of the circle
= 1994, and BC = 1993, then RS can be expressed as
m/n. where m and n are relatively prime integers. Find into four regions.
m + n. Two of these regions are bordered by segments of
unequal lengths, and the area of either of them can be
9. A circle with diameter PQ of length 10 is internally
tangent at P to a circle of radius 20. Square ABCD is expressed uniquely in the form m − n d , where m,
constructed with A and B on the larger circle, CD n, and d are positive integers and d is not divisible by
tangent at Q to the smaller circle, and the smaller
the square of any prime number.
circle outside ABCD. The length of AB can be
Find m + n + d.
written in the form m + n , where m and n are
integers. Find m + n.
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ANSWER KEY
DPP -09
1. (D) 6. (D)
2. (D) 7. (B)
3. (B) 8. (997)
4. (135) 9. (312)
5. (384) 10. (378)
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HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (D) 4. (135)
Let E and F be the intersections of lines AB and BC We wish to find the radius of one circle, so that we
with the circle. One can prove that BCDE is a can find the total area.
rectangle, so BE = CD. Notice that for them to contain the entire circle, each
In order for the area of trapezoid ABCD to be an pair of circles must be tangent on the larger circle.
integer, the expression
Now consider two adjacent smaller circles. This
( AB + CD) BC = AB + CD BF must be an integer,
( ) means that the line connecting the radii is a segment
2 of length 2r that is tangent to the larger circle at the
so BF must be rational.
midpoint of the two centers. Thus, we have
By Power of a Point, AB • BE = BF2 ⟹ AB • CD =
essentially have a regular dodecagon whose vertices
BF2, so AB•CD must be a perfect square. Among the
are the centers of the smaller triangles circumscribed
choices, the only one where AB • CD is a perfect
about a circle of radius 1.
square is (D) AB = 9, CD = 4
We thus know that the apothem of the dodecagon is
equal to 1. To find the side length, we make a triangle
2. (D)
The three arcs make up the entire circle, so the consisting of a vertex, the midpoint of a side, and the
circumference of the circle is 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 and the center of the dodecagon, which we denote A, M, and O
12 6 respectively. Notice that OM = 1, and that OMA is a
radius is = . Also, the lengths of the arcs are
2  right triangle with hypotenuse OA and mMOA = 15°
proportional to their corresponding central angles. Thus AM = (l) tan 15° = 2 – 3 , which is the radius of
Thus, we can write the values of the arcs as 3, 4, one of the circles. The area of one circle is thus
and 5 for some . By Circle Angle Sum, we obtain
( ) =  ( 7 − 4 3 ) , so the area of all 12
2
3 + 4 + 5 = 360. Solving yields  = 30. Thus, the  2− 3
angles of the triangle are 90, 120, and 150. Using
1 r2
(
circles is  84 − 48 3 ) , giving an answer of
[ABC] = ab sin C, we obtain (sin 90 + sin 120 + 84 + 48 + 3 = 135.
2 2
6
sin 150). Substituting for r and evaluating yields 5. (384)

9
2
( )
3 + 3 ⟹ (D).

3. (B)
Using the tangent-tangent theorem, PA = AB – PA' =
A' B' = 4. We can then drop perpendiculars from the
centers of the circles to the points of tangency and use
similar triangles. Let us let the center of the smaller
circle be point S and the center of the larger circle be
point L.
If we let the radius of the larger circle be x and the
radius of the smaller circle be y, we can see that, using
similar triangle, x = 2y. In addition, the total Let x = AC = BF, y = AD = BE, and z = AE = BD.
hypotenuse of the larger right triangles equals Ptolemy's Theorem on ABCD gives y2 – 81y – 112•81
2(x + y) since half of it is x + y, so = 0, and from this y = 144. Ptolemy on ADEF gives
y2 + 42 = (3y)2. If we simplify, we get y2 + 16 = 9y2, 81y + 812 = z2, and from this z = 135. Finally,
so 8y2 = 16, so y = 2 . This means that the smaller plugging back into the first equation gives x = 105, so
circle has area 2, which is answer choice (3). x + y + z = 105 + 144 + 135 = 384.
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6. (D) From the Pythagorean Theorem,

Applying Power of a Point on P, we find that PC = 9 AH2 + CH2 = 19942, and
and thus PD = 16. Observing that PD = 2BP and that (1995 — AH)2 + CH2 = 19932.
BPD = 60°, we conclude that BPD is a 30 – 60 – 90 Subtracting those two equations yields
right triangle with right angle at B. Thus, BD = 8 3 AH2 – (1995 – AH)2 = 3987.
After simplification, we see that
and triangle ABD is also right. Using that fact that the
2 × 1995 AH – 19952 – 3987, or
circumcircle of a right triangle has its diameter equal
1995 3987
to the hypotenuse, we compute using the Pythagorean AH = +
2 2 1995
Theorem AD = 2r = 2 73 . From here we see that
Note that AH + BH = 1995.
r2 = 73.
3987
Therefore we have that BH =
1995
7. (B)
Now note that RS = |HR – HS|, RH =
AH + CH − AC CH + BH − BC
, and HS =
2 2
Therefore we have
AH + CH − AC − CH − BH + BC and
RS =
2
AH − BH − 1994 + 1993
Start by considering the triangle traced by P as the
2
circle moves around the triangle. It turns out this
Plugging in AH – BH and simplifying, we have RS =
triangle is similar to the 6 – 8 – 10 triangle (Proof:
1992 332
Realize that the slope of the line made while the circle = → 332 + 665 = 997.
1995  2 665
is on AC is the same as line AC and that it makes a
right angle when the circle switches from being on
9. (312)
AB to BC). Then, drop the perpendiculars as shown.
Since the smaller triangle is also a 6 – 8 – 10 = 3 – 4
– 5 triangle, we can label the sides EF, DE, and DF
as 3x, 4x, and 5x respectively. Now, it is clear that GB
= DE + 1 = 4x + 1, so
AH = AG = 8 – GB = 7 – 4x since AH and AG are both
tangent to the circle P at some point. We can apply
the same logic to the other side as well to get CI = 5
– 3x. Finally, since we have HI = DF = 5x, we have
AC = 10 = (7 – 4x) + (5x) + (5 – 3x) = 12 – 2x, so x =
1 and 3x + 4x + 5x = 12.
Call the center of the larger circle O. Extend the
8. (997)
diameter PQ to the other side of the square
(at point E), and draw AO. We now have a right
triangle, with hypotenuse of length 20. Since
OQ = OP – PQ = 20 – 10 = 10, we know that
OE = AB – OQ = AB – 10. The other leg, AE, is just
1
AB.
2
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Apply the Pythagorean Theorem: By the Pythagorean Theorem,

2
( AB − 10)2 +  1 AB  = 202 OF = OB2 − BF 2 = 422 − 392 = 9 3 , and
2 
EF = OE 2 − OF 2 = 9 . Then OEF is a 30 – 60 – 90
1
AB2 − 20 AB + 100 + AB2 − 400 = 0 right triangle, so OEB = OED = 60°
4
AB2 – 16AB – 240 = 0 Thus BEC = 60°, and by the Law of Cosines,
The quadratic formula shows that the answer is BC2 = BE2 + CE2 — 2•BE•CE cos 60° = 422.
It follows that BCO is an equilateral triangle, so
16  162 + 4.240
= 8  304 . Discard the negative BOC = 60°. The desired area can be broken up
2
into two regions, BCE and the region bounded by
root, so our answer is 8 + 304 = 312.
BC and minor arc BC . The former can be found
by Heron's formula to be
10. (378)
Let the center of the circle be O, and the two chords [BCE] = 60 ( 60 − 48)( 60 − 42)( 60 − 30) = 360 3 .
be AB, CD and intersecting at E, such that AE = CE < The latter is the difference between the area of
BE = DE. Let F be the midpoint of AB . Then OF sector BOC and the equilateral BOC, or
⊥ AB . 1 422 3
 ( 42) −
2
= 294 − 441 3
6 4
Thus, the desired area is
360 3 + 294 − 441 3 = 294 − 81 3 and
m + n + d = 378.
Note: the area of BCE can be more easily found by
1
using the sine method [] = ab sin C.
2
1
[BCE] = 30•48• • sin 60°
2
3
= 30. 24 • = 360 3 .
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