Grade 12

Mathematics

Maths and Science Infinity

CAPS Syllabus
Number Patterns
Solutions

074 772 9926

Thulani Mjikwa

Senior Facilitator & Strategic Interventionist

 TUTORIAL 1
Activity 1
1.1.1 −7; −12
1.1.2 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 8 + (𝑛 − 1)(−5)
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 13 − 5𝑛
1.1.3 𝑇30 = 13 − 5(30)
𝑇30 = −137
1.1.4 −402 = 13 − 5𝑛
−415 = −5𝑛
𝑛 = 83
∴ −402 = 𝑇83
1.2.1 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 1 + (𝑛 − 1)(2)
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 1
1.2.2 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2
1.2.3 𝑇𝑛 = Pattern A − Pattern B
𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 1 − 𝑛2
𝑇𝑛 = −𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 1

Activity 2
𝑇5 = 𝑎 + 4𝑑
−18 = 6 + 4𝑑
−24 = 4𝑑
𝑑=6

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 6 + (𝑛 − 1)(6)
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 6𝑛

Activity 3
3.1 11
3.2 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 20 + (𝑛 − 1)(−3)
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 23 − 3𝑛
3.3 −103 = 23 − 3𝑛
−126 = −3𝑛
𝑛 = 42
∴ There are 42 terms in the sequence.
3.4 𝑇19 = 23 − 3(19)
𝑇19 = −34

2
Activity 4
4.1.1 𝑏 = 14
4.1.2 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 5 + (𝑛 − 1)(3)
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 2
4.1.3 𝑇15 = 3(15) + 2
𝑇15 = 47
4.1.4 83 = 3𝑛 + 2
81 = 3𝑛
𝑛 = 27
∴ 83 = 𝑇27

Exercise 5
5.1.1 88; 84
5.1.2 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 92 + (𝑛 − 1)(−4)
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 96 − 4𝑛
5.1.3 𝑇18 = 96 − 4(18)
𝑇18 = 24
5.1.4 𝑇𝑝 + 𝑇𝑞 = 0
96 − 4𝑝 + (96 − 4𝑞) = 0
96 + 96 − 4𝑝 − 4𝑞 = 0
−4(𝑝 + 𝑞) = −192
(𝑝 + 𝑞) = 48

3
 TUTORIAL 2
Activity 1
1.1.1 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 12 + (𝑛 − 1)(5)
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 5𝑛 + 7
1.1.2 𝑇12 = 5(12) + 7
𝑇12 = 67
1.1.3 172 = 5𝑛 + 7
165 = 5𝑛
𝑛 = 33
∴ There are 33 terms in the sequence.
1.2 30 − 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥
−30 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 ……………………………….(1)

30 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3
33 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 ………………………………….(2)

(2) − (1):

63 − 3𝑦 = 0

𝑦 = 21

𝑥 = 12

Activity 2
2.1.1 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 7 + (𝑛 − 1)(−5)
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 12 − 5𝑛
2.1.2 𝑇20 = 12 − 5(20)
𝑇20 = −88
2.1.3 −138 = 12 − 5𝑛
−150 = −5𝑛
𝑛 = 30
∴ −138 = 𝑇30
2.2 3𝑥 − 3 − (2𝑥 + 1) = 2𝑥 + 1 − 6
𝑥 − 4 = 2𝑥 − 5
𝑥=1

4
Activity 3
3.1 −7
3.2 −87 = 5 + (𝑛 − 1)(−4)
−87 = 9 − 4𝑛
−4𝑛 = −96
𝑛 = 24
∴ There are 24 terms in the sequence.
3.3 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙] − 6
2
24
𝑆24 − 6 = [5 − 87] − 6
2

𝑆24 − 6 = −990
3.4 5; −15; 35; … ; −4 175.

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
−4 175 = 5 + (𝑛 − 1)(−20)
−4 180 = −20(𝑛 − 1)
𝑛 − 1 = 209
𝑛 = 210

∴ There are 210 terms that are divisible by 5.

Activity 4
4.1 22; 27
4.2 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 7 + (𝑛 − 1)(5)
𝑇𝑛 = 5𝑛 + 2
4.3 125 = 5𝑛 + 2
248 832 = 5𝑛 + 2
248 830 = 5𝑛
𝑛 = 49 766

∴ 125 = 𝑇49 766

Yes 125 is in the sequence.

4.4 From 5𝑛 + 2
5(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) = 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑡 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 0
5(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) + 2 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 2

5
Activity 5
5.1 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
173 = −7 + (𝑛 − 1)(4)
173 = −11 + 4𝑛
184 = 4𝑛
𝑛 = 46
∴ There 46 terms in the series.
5.2 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙]
2
46
𝑆46 = [−7 + 173]
2

𝑆46 = 3 818
5.3
46

∑ 4𝑛 − 11
𝑛=1

Activity 6
6.1 5𝑥 + 7
6.2 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑥 + 1 + (𝑛 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)
𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥𝑛 − 𝑥 + 2𝑛 − 2
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 2)𝑛 − 1
6.3 95 = 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 2)(13) − 1
95 = 𝑥 + 13𝑥 + 26 − 1
70 = 14𝑥
𝑥=5
6.4 158 = 5 + (5 + 2)𝑛 − 1
158 = 7𝑛 + 4
𝑛 = 22

∴ 𝑛 = 21

6
 TUTORIAL 3
Activity 1
1.1 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
100 = 20 + (𝑛 − 1)(4)
100 = 20 + 4𝑛 − 4
𝑛 = 21
∴ 100 = 𝑇21
1.2 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
14
𝑆14 = [2(20) + (14 − 1)(4)]
2

∴ 𝑆14 = 644
1.3 No.

Activity 2
2.1 9
2.2 25
2.3 𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 1
2.4 𝑇𝑛 = (𝑛 − 1)2
2.5 64 = (𝑛 − 1)2
64 = 𝑛2 − 2𝑛 + 1
𝑛2 − 2𝑛 − 63 = 0
(𝑛 − 9)(𝑛 + 7) = 0
𝑛=9 or 𝑛 = −7
∴ 64 = 𝑇9
2.6 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 100(𝑆𝑛 )
100
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 100 ( [2(1) + (100 − 1)(2)])
2

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 000 000 m2

Activity 3
3.1 𝑝 + 5 − (2𝑝 − 3) = 2𝑝 − 3 − (1 − 𝑝)
−𝑝 + 8 = 3𝑝 − 4
𝑝=3
3.2.1 𝑎 = −2
3.2.2 𝑑 = 5
2.3 A perfect square (𝑇𝑛 ) is defined by: 𝑛2

There above 𝑛𝑡ℎ term is defined by:

7
 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= −2 + (𝑛 − 1)(5)
= 5𝑛 − 7
∴ 5𝑛 − 7 ≠ 𝑛2

Activity 4
4.1.1 16
4.1.2 169
4.1.3 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2
4.2 43 = 1 + (𝑛 − 1)(2)
𝑛 = 22
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙]
2
22
𝑆22 = [1 + 43]
2

𝑆22 = 484

Activity 5
5.1 −14; 0; 10
5.2 𝑇5 = 18
5.3 𝑑2 = −4
5.4 −4
𝑎=
2
𝑎 = −2
3(−2) + 𝑏 = 14
𝑏 = 20
−2 + 20 + 𝑐 = −14
𝑐 = −32
−110 = −2𝑛2 + 20𝑛 − 32
𝑛2 − 10𝑛 − 39 = 0
(𝑛 + 3)(𝑛 − 13) = 0
𝑛 = −3 or 𝑛 = 13
∴ 𝑛 = 13

8
 TUTORIAL 4
Activity 1
1.1 11; 14
1.2 A perfect square (𝑇𝑛 ) is defined by: 𝑛2

There above 𝑛𝑡ℎ term is defined by:

𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 2 + (𝑛 − 1)(3)
= 2𝑛 − 1

∴ 2𝑛 − 1 ≠ 𝑛2

Activity 2
2.1 3𝑥 − 7 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 − (3𝑥 + 1)
𝑥 − 7 = −𝑥 − 1
𝑥=3
2.2.1 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇11 = 10 + (11 − 1)(−4)
𝑇11 = −30
2.2.2 𝑆 = 𝑛 [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
𝑛
2
𝑛
−560 = [2(10) + (𝑛 − 1)(−4)]
2

1 120 = 𝑛(−4𝑛 + 24)

−4𝑛2 + 24𝑛 − 1 120 = 0

𝑛2 − 6𝑛 + 280 = 0

(𝑛 − 20)(𝑛 + 14) = 0

𝑛 = 20 or 𝑛 = −14

∴ −560 = 𝑇20

9
Activity 3
3.1 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
8
𝑆8 = [2(88) + (8 − 1)(4)]
2

𝑆8 = 816
3.2 20
Mean = [2(136) + (20 − 1)(4)] ÷ 2
2

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 1 740

10
QUADRATIC NUMBER PATTERNS EXAM-TYPE QUESTIONS
TUTORIAL 5
Activity 1
1.1 76

1.2 𝑑2 = 6
6
𝑎=
2
𝑎=3

3(3) + 𝑏 = −51
𝑏 = −60

3 − 60 + 𝑐 = 244
𝑐 = 301

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 3𝑛2 − 60𝑛 + 301

1.3 508 = 3𝑛2 − 60𝑛 + 301

3𝑛2 − 60𝑛 − 207 = 0
𝑛2 − 20𝑛 − 69 = 0
(𝑛 − 23)(𝑛 + 3) = 0
𝑛 = 23 or 𝑛 = −3

∴ 508 = 𝑇𝑛

1.4 For pattern formed by 𝑑1 : −51; −45; −39; …

453 = −51 + (𝑛 − 1)(6)

6(𝑛 − 1) = 504
𝑛 = 85
∴ 453 = 𝑇85

𝑇85 and 𝑇86

1.5 244; 193; 148; 109; 76; 49; 28; 13; 4; 1; 4; 13; 28

11
Activity 2
2.1 𝑑2 = 2
2
𝑎=
2
𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = 7
𝑏=4

1 + 4 + 𝑐 = −7
𝑐 = −12

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 4𝑛 − 12
2.2 128 = 𝑛2 + 4𝑛 − 12
𝑛2 + 4𝑛 − 140 = 0
(𝑛 − 10)(𝑛 + 14) = 0
𝑛 = 10 or 𝑛 = −14
∴ 128 = 𝑇10
2.3 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = 7 + (𝑛 − 1)(2)
𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 5
2.4 𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 5
599 = 2𝑛 + 5
𝑛 = 297
599 = 𝑇297

𝑇297 and 𝑇298

Activity 3
3.1 𝑇3 − 𝑇2 = 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐 − (4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐)
2 − 6 = 5𝑎 + 𝑏
5𝑎 + 𝑏 = −4 …………………………(1)

𝑇5 − 𝑇2 = 25𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 𝑐 − (4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐)
−18 − 6 = 21𝑎 + 3𝑏
7𝑎 + 𝑏 = −8 ………………………....(2)

(2) − (1):

2𝑎 = −4
𝑎 = −2

7(−2) + 𝑏 = −8

12
 𝑏=6

𝑇2 = −2(2)2 + 6(2) + 𝑐
6 = −2(2)2 + 6(2) + 𝑐
𝑐=2

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = −2𝑛2 + 6𝑛 + 2
3.2 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑇1
−2 + 6 + 2 = 𝑇1
𝑇1 = 6

Activity 4
4.1 4; 𝑝; 11; 𝑞; 22; ….

𝑑1 : (𝑝 − 4); (11 − 𝑝); (𝑞 − 11); (22 − 𝑞)

𝑑2 : (15 − 2𝑝); (𝑝 + 𝑞 − 22); (33 − 2𝑞)

15 − 2𝑝 = 𝑝 + 𝑞 − 22
3𝑝 + 𝑞 = 37 …………………………(1)

15 − 2𝑝 = 33 − 2𝑞
𝑝 − 𝑞 = −9 …………………………..(2)

(1) + (2):
4𝑝 = 28
𝑝=7

7 − 𝑞 = −9
𝑞 = 16
4.2 4; 7; 11; 16; 22; ….

𝑑2 = 1
1
𝑎=
2
1
3( ) + 𝑏 = 3
2
3
𝑏=
2
1 3
+ +𝑐 =4
2 2
𝑐=2

13
 1 2 3
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛 + 𝑛+2
2 2

4.3 1 3
232 = 𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 2
2 2

𝑛2 + 3𝑛 − 460 = 0
(𝑛 − 23)(𝑛 + 20) = 0
𝑛 = 23 or 𝑛 = −20

∴ 232 = 𝑇23

4.4 1 3 1 3
𝑇𝑛 − 𝑇𝑛−1 = 𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 2 − [ (𝑛 − 1)2 + (𝑛 − 1) + 2]
2 2 2 2

1 2 3 1 1 3 3
1 227 = 𝑛 + 𝑛 + 2 − 𝑛2 − 𝑛 + + 𝑛 − + 2
2 2 2 2 2 2

𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 1 224 = 0

(𝑛 − 34)(𝑛 + 36) = 0

𝑛 = 34 or 𝑛 = −36

𝑇34 − 𝑇33 = 631 − 596

𝑇34 − 𝑇33 = 35

Activity 5
5.1 −67
5.2 𝑑2 = 2
2
𝑎=
2
𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = 6
𝑏=3

1+3+𝑐 =3
𝑐 = −1

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 3𝑛 − 1

14
 5.3 269 = 𝑛2 + 3𝑛 − 1
𝑛2 + 3𝑛 − 270 = 0
(𝑛 − 15)(𝑛 + 18) = 0
𝑛 = 15 or 𝑛 = −18

∴ 𝑇16 = 303

Activity 6
6.1 𝑑2 = −6

6.2 𝑑2 = −6
−6
𝑎=
2
𝑎 = −3

3(−3) + 𝑏 = −9
𝑏=0

−3 + 0 + 𝑐 = 5
𝑐=8

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = −3𝑛2 + 8

6.3 𝑇𝑛 = −3𝑛2 + 8
−25 939 = −3𝑛2 + 8
−25 947 = −3𝑛2
𝑛2 = 8 649
𝑛 = ±93

∴ −25 939 = 𝑇93

15
Activity 7
7.1 42

7.2 𝑑2 = 6
6
𝑎=
2
𝑎=3

3(3) + 𝑏 = 1
𝑏 = −8

3−8+𝑐 =2
𝑐=7

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 3𝑛2 − 8𝑛 + 7

7.3 𝑇20 = 3(20)2 − 8(20) + 7

𝑇20 = 1 047

16
 TUTORIAL 6
Activity 1
1.1 36

1.2 𝑇157 = 2(157)2 + 2(157) + 1

𝑇157 = 49 613 grey squares

White squares = 49 613 grey squares − 1

White squares = 49 612 white squares

1.3 613 = 2𝑛2 + 2𝑛 + 1

𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 306 = 0

(𝑛 − 17)(𝑛 + 18) = 0

𝑛 = 17 or 𝑛 = −18

∴ 613 = 𝑇17

1.4 𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛2 + 2𝑛 + 1

𝑇𝑛 = even number + even number + odd number

𝑇𝑛 = even number + odd number

𝑇𝑛 = odd number

Activity 2
2.1 Pattern 1: 4; 𝑥; 𝑦; −11; …
3
Pattern 2: 2𝑝 − 4; 𝑝 − 3; − 4 𝑝 − 1; …

2𝑝 − 4 = 4
𝑝=4

Therefore:
Pattern 1: 4; 𝑥; 𝑦; −11; …

Pattern 2: 4; 1; −4; −11; …

𝑥=1

17
 𝑦 = −4

Activity 3
3.1 29

3.2 𝑑2 = 2
2
𝑎=
2
𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = 4
𝑏=1

1+1+𝑐 =1
𝑐 = −1

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 1

3.3 𝑇100 = (100)2 + 100 − 1

𝑇100 = 10 099

Activity 4
4.1 𝑑2 = 10
10
𝑎=
2
𝑎=5

3(5) + 𝑏 = 7
𝑏 = −8

5−8+𝑐 =5
𝑐=8

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 5𝑛2 − 8𝑛 + 8

It is not true.

4.2.1

18
 Shape number, 𝑛 1 2 3 4 5
Number of white 1 3 6 10 15
triangles
Number of black 0 1 3 6 10
triangles
Total number of 1 4 9 16 25
triangles
4.2.2 144

4.2.3 𝑑2 = 1

1
𝑎=
2
1
3( ) + 𝑏 = 1
2
1
𝑏=−
2
1 1
− +𝑐 =0
2 2
𝑐=0

1 2 1
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛 − 𝑛
2 2

4.2.4 1 1
190 = 𝑛2 − 𝑛
2 2

380 = 𝑛2 − 𝑛

𝑛2 − 𝑛 − 380 = 0

(𝑛 + 19)(𝑛 − 20) = 0

𝑛 = −19 or 𝑛 = 20

∴ 190 = 𝑇20

19
Activity 5
5.1
Figure number 1 2 3 4 6 11
Number of shaded tiles 4 16 36 64 144 484
Number of white tiles 1 9 25 49 81 121
Total number of tiles 5 25 61 113 225 605
5.2 𝑑2 = 16
𝑎=8

3(8) + 𝑏 = 20
𝑏 = −4

8−4+𝑐 =5
𝑐=1

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 8𝑛2 − 4𝑛 + 1

Activity 6
6.1 Yes

𝑑1 : 14; 18; 22

𝑑2 : 4; 4; …

6.2 𝑑2 = 4
4
𝑎=
2
𝑎=2

3(2) + 𝑏 = 14
𝑏=8

2 + 8 + 𝑐 = 13
𝑐=3

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛2 + 8𝑛 + 3

6.3 𝑇100 = 2(100)2 + 8(100) + 3

𝑇100 = 20 803

6.4 𝑑1 : 14; 18; 22

20
 110 = 14 + (𝑛 − 1)(4)
𝑛 = 25

𝑇25 = 1 453

𝑇26 = 1 563

6.5 𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛2 + 8𝑛 + 3

𝑇𝑛 = even number + even number + odd number

𝑇𝑛 = even number + odd number

𝑇𝑛 = odd number

TUTORIAL 7
Activity 1
1.1 𝑝; 3; 𝑞; 19; …

𝑑1 : (3 − 𝑝); (𝑞 − 3); (19 − 𝑞)

𝑑2 : (𝑝 + 𝑞 − 6); (22 − 2𝑞); …

22 − 2𝑞 = 2

𝑞 = 10

𝑝 + 10 − 6 = 2

𝑝 = −2

1.2 𝑑2 = 2

2
𝑎=
2

𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = 5

𝑏=2

1 + 2 + 𝑐 = −2

21
 𝑐 = −5

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 5

1.3 10 301 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 5

𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 10306 = 0

𝑛 = −102,52 or 𝑛 = 100,52

The answer is 𝑇101

Activity 2
2.1.1 17; 22
2.1.2 𝑑 = 5

𝑇𝑛 = −3 + (𝑛 − 1)(5)

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 5𝑛 − 8
2.2 Pattern: 1; 7; 9; 𝑥; 1

𝑑1 : 6; 2; −2; −6

𝑑2 : −4; −4; −4;

𝑥=7
2.3.1 120
2.3.2 𝑑2 = 6
6
𝑎=
2
𝑎=3

3(3) + 𝑏 = 17
𝑏=8

3 + 8 + 𝑐 = 16
𝑐=5

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 3𝑛2 + 8𝑛 + 5
2.3.3 3𝑛2 + 8𝑛 + 5 = 2080

3𝑛2 + 8𝑛 − 2 075 = 0

(𝑛 − 25)(3𝑛 + 83) = 0

22
 83
𝑛 = 25 or 𝑛=− 3

∴ 2 080 = 𝑇25
2.3.4 𝑑1 : 6; 2; −2; −6
𝑇𝑛 = 6 + (𝑛 − 1)(−4)
𝑇𝑛 = 10 − 4𝑛

𝑇50 = 10 − 4(50)
𝑇50 = −190
2.3.5 𝑇𝑛 = 3𝑛2 + 8𝑛 + 5

Activity 3
3.1 45; 60
3.2 𝑑2 = 2
2
𝑎=
2
𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = 7
𝑏=4
1+4+𝑐 =5
𝑐=0

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 4𝑛

Activity 4
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐); (4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐); (9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐); (16𝑎 + 4𝑎 + 𝑐)

𝑑2 = 12
𝑎=6

Therefore:

(6 + 𝑏 + 𝑐); (24 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐); (54 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐); (96 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐)

𝑇2 = 24 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐
0 = 24 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐
2𝑏 + 𝑐 = −24 …………………………….(1)

𝑇4 = 96 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐
0 = 96 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐

23
 4𝑏 + 𝑐 = −96 …………………………….(2)

(2) − (1):

2𝑏 = −72
𝑏 = −36

2(−36) + 𝑐 = −24
𝑐 = 48

∴ 𝑇3 = −6

TUTORIAL 8
Activity 1
1.1 −34
1.2 𝑑2 = −4
−4
𝑎=
2
𝑎 = −2

3(−2) + 𝑏 = 0
𝑏=6

−2 + 6 + 𝑐 = 6
𝑐=2

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = −2𝑛2 + 6𝑛 + 2
1.3 𝑇𝑛 = −2𝑛2 + 6𝑛 + 2

−6 838 = −2𝑛2 + 6𝑛 + 2

−2𝑛2 + 6𝑛 + 6 840 = 0

𝑛2 − 3𝑛 − 3 420 = 0

(𝑛 − 60)(𝑛 + 57) = 0

𝑛 = 60 or 𝑛 = −57

∴ −6 838 = 𝑇60

24
Activity 2
2.1 60; 78
2.2 𝑑2 = 2
2
𝑎=
2
𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = 10
𝑏=7

1+7+𝑐 =8
𝑐=0

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 7𝑛

2.3 330 = 𝑛2 + 7𝑛
𝑛2 + 7𝑛 − 330 = 0
(𝑛 − 15)(𝑛 + 22) = 0
𝑛 = 15 or 𝑛 = −22

∴ 330 = 𝑇15

Activity 3
3.1 𝑑2 = 2

2
𝑎=
2

𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = −39

𝑏 = −42

1 − 42 + 𝑐 = 399

𝑐 = 440

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 42𝑛 + 440

3.2 𝑛2 − 42𝑛 + 440 = 0

(𝑛 − 22)(𝑛 − 20) = 0

25
 0 = 𝑇20

0 = 𝑇22

3.3 0 = 𝑇20 and 0 = 𝑇22

Activity 4
4.1 𝑇3 − 𝑇2 = 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐 − (4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐)

−6 − 1 = 5𝑎 + 𝑏

5𝑎 + 𝑏 = −7 …………………………(1)

𝑇5 − 𝑇2 = 25𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 𝑐 − (4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐)

−6 − 1 = 21𝑎 + 3𝑏

7𝑎 + 𝑏 = −5 …………………………(1)

(2) − (1):
2𝑎 = 2
𝑎=1

∴ 𝑑2 = 2

4.2 𝑇1 = 10

Activity 5
5.1 32

5.2 𝑑2 = 1
1
𝑎=
2
1
3( ) + 𝑏 = 3
2
3
𝑏=
2
1 3
+ +𝑐 =3
2 2
𝑐=1

26
 1 2 3
∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛 + 𝑛+1
2 2

TUTORIAL 9
Activity 1
1.1.1 1
; 13
16
1.1.2 𝑆50 = 𝑆25 + 𝑆25

𝑎(1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑛
𝑆50 = + [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
1−𝑟 2

1 1 25
(2) (1 − (2) )
25
𝑆50 = + [2(4) + (25 − 1)(6)]
1 2
1−2

𝑆50 = 1 901

Activity 2
2.1 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

1 𝑛−1
𝑇𝑛 = (8𝑥 4 ) ( )
2𝑥

2.2 1
−1 < <1
2𝑥

−2 < 𝑥 −1 < 2

1 1
− <𝑥<
2 2
2.3 𝑎
𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟

3 4
8 (2 )
𝑆∞ =
1
1−3

27
 ∴ 𝑆∞ = 60,75

Activity 3
3.1 1 2
1−( )
4
15
= 16 units 2

3.2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Sum of areas = [0] + [1 − (2) ] + [1 − (4) ] + [1 − (8) ] + [1 − (32) ] +
1 2
[1 − (64) ]

3 15 63 255 1 023 4 095

Sum of areas = 0 + 4 + 16 + 64 + 256 + 1 024 + 4 096

∴Sum of areas = 5,67 units 2

Activity 4
4.1.1 2
3
4.1.2 3
4
4.1.3 4
5
4.2 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 =
𝑛+1
4.3 2008
𝑆2008 =
2008 + 1
2008
𝑆2008 =
2009

Activity 5
5.1 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 + 𝑇3 + … + 𝑇𝑛−1 + 𝑇𝑛

𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

Now, if we multiply 𝑆𝑛 by 𝑟, we get:

𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛

28
 𝑟 × 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛

Finally, if we subtract 𝑟 × 𝑆𝑛 from 𝑆𝑛 , then we have:

𝑺𝒏 − 𝒓𝑺𝒏 :

𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
− 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛
𝑎 + 0 + 0 + …+ 0 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛

Therefore: 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑟𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑟 𝑛

𝑆𝑛 (1 − 𝑟) = 𝑎(1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )

𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟

𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) −𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)

 Since: =
1−𝑟 −(𝑟−1)

 Therefore, the general formula for the sum of the 𝑛 terms of a geometric
series.

𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)

𝑆𝑛 = or 𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟 𝑟−1

5.2.1 −1 < 𝑟 < 1

5.2.2 𝑆 = 𝑎
∞
1−𝑟
15
𝑆∞ =
1
1−3

𝑆∞ = 22,5
5.3.1 𝑆24 = 224+2 − 4

𝑆24 = 67 108 860

5.3.2 𝑆23 + 𝑇24 = 𝑆24

33 554 428 + 𝑇24 = 67 108 860

∴ 𝑇24 = 33 554 432

5.3.3 𝑆1 + 𝑇2 = 𝑆2

29
 4 + 𝑇2 = 12

𝑇2 = 8

𝑟=2

𝑇𝑛 = (4)2𝑛−1

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛+1

Activity 6
6.1 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 + 𝑇3 + … + 𝑇𝑛−1 + 𝑇𝑛

𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1

Now, if we multiply 𝑆𝑛 by 𝑟, we get:

𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛

𝑟 × 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛

Finally, if we subtract 𝑟 × 𝑆𝑛 from 𝑆𝑛 , then we have:

𝑺𝒏 − 𝒓𝑺𝒏 :

𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
− 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 2 + … + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛
𝑎 + 0 + 0 + …+ 0 + 𝑎𝑟 𝑛

Therefore: 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑟𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑟 𝑛

𝑆𝑛 (1 − 𝑟) = 𝑎(1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )

𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟

𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) −𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)

 Since: =
1−𝑟 −(𝑟−1)

 Therefore, the general formula for the sum of the 𝑛 terms of a geometric
series.

30
 𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
𝑆𝑛 = or 𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟 𝑟−1

6.2 𝑎
𝑆∞ =
1−𝑟
3
𝑆∞ =
1
1−3

𝑆∞ = 4,5

TUTORIAL 10
Activity 1
1.1 8
𝑟 =( )÷8
√2
1
𝑟=
√2

8
𝑆∞ =
1
1−
√2

√2 − 1
𝑆∞ = 8 ÷ ( )
√2

√2
𝑆∞ = 8 × ( )
√2 − 1

8√2 √2 + 1
𝑆∞ = ×
√2 − 1 √2 + 1

16 + 8√2
𝑆∞ =
2−1

𝑆∞ = 16 + 8√2
1.2.1 20

∑(5. 3𝑛−1 )
𝑛=1

31
 1.2.2 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑥=
𝑟−1

5(320 − 1)
𝑥=
3−1

𝑥 = 8 716 961 000

Activity 2
2.1.1 23
𝑆23 = [5(23) + 9]
2

𝑆23 = 1 426

2.1.2 𝑆22 + 𝑇23 = 𝑆23

1 309 + 𝑇23 = 1 426

𝑇23 = 117

2.2 Arithmetic sequence: 12; 𝑥; 2𝑥 − 12

𝑥2
Geometric sequence: 12; 𝑥; 12

𝑥2
12 + 𝑥 + = (12 + 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 12) + 3
12

𝑥2
12 + 𝑥 + = 3𝑥 − 3
12

𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 108 = 0

(𝑥 − 18)(𝑥 − 6) = 0

𝑥 = 18 or 𝑥=6

𝑥
𝑟=
12
3 1
∴𝑟=2 or 𝑟=2

32
Activity 3
3.1 21; 24
3.2 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑇52 − 𝑇51 = [ ] − [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
𝑟−1

2(325 − 1)
𝑇52 − 𝑇51 = [ ] − [3 + (25 − 1)(6)]
3−1

𝑇52 − 𝑇51 = 8,47 × 1011

3.3 𝑇𝑛 = (3)3𝑛−1

𝑇𝑛 = 3𝑛

All terms are multiples of 3 because 3 is the base in the general term.

Activity 4
4.1.1 1
−
2
4.1.2 1 1 𝑛−1
= (4) (− )
64 2

1 8 1 𝑛−1
(− ) = (− )
2 2

1
∴ = 𝑇9
64
4.1.3 4
𝑆∞ =
1
1−2

𝑆∞ = 8

4.2 𝑥−3 𝑥+1

=
𝑥+1 1

𝑥 − 3 = (𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 4 = 0
∆= 𝑥 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
∆= 12 − 4(1)(4)
∆= −15

33
 Therefore, the sequence is NOT geometric because 𝑥 is invalid and the discriminant
is less than zero.

Activity 5
5.1 𝑟=1
𝑠=2
5.2 𝑑2 = 2
2
𝑎=
2
𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = −7
𝑏 = −10

1 − 10 + 𝑐 = 17
𝑐 = 26

5.3 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 10𝑛 + 26

𝑇8 = 82 − 10(8) + 26

𝑇8 = 10

5.4 𝑇6 − 𝑇5 = 2 − 1

𝑇6 − 𝑇5 = 1

𝑇5 − 𝑇4 = 1 − 2

𝑇5 − 𝑇4 = −1

𝑇6 − 𝑇5 > 𝑇5 − 𝑇4

Activity 6
6.1 1 𝑛−1
𝑇𝑛 = 27. ( )
3

𝑇𝑛 = 34−𝑛

6.2 −1 < 𝑟 < 1

6.3 27
𝑆∞ =
1
1−3

34
 𝑆∞ = 40,5

TUTORIAL 11
Activity 1
1.1.1 32 − 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 4
𝑥 = 18
1.1.2 32 𝑥
=
𝑥 4

128 = 𝑥 2

𝑥 = ±8√2

1.2 15; 45; 135

5(313 − 1)
𝑆13 =
3−1

𝑆13 = 3 985 805

1.3 𝑎 + (𝑎 + 𝑑) + (𝑎 + 2𝑑) + … + [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 2)𝑑] + [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] .…………..(1)

+
[𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] + [𝑎 + (𝑛 − 2)𝑑] + … + (𝑎 + 2𝑑) + (𝑎 + 𝑑) + 𝑎 …………..(2)

= [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] + [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] + [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] + [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]

2𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] + [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] + … + [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] + [2𝑎

+ (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]

2𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2

Activity 2
2.1 First tank: 𝑉 = 1𝑙

1
(2)
𝑆∞ =
1
1−2

35
 𝑆∞ = 1

Yes, because the 𝑆∞ is equal to the volume of the first tank.

Activity 3
3.1.1 Pattern: … ; … ; … ; … ; … ; … ; 35

𝑑1 : 1; 3; 5; 7; 9; 11

𝑑2 : 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2

∴ 𝑇6 = 24

∴ 𝑇5 = 15
3.1.2 𝑑2 = 2
2
𝑎=
2
𝑎=1

3(1) + 𝑏 = −1
𝑏 = −4

1−4+𝑐 =3
𝑐=6

∴ 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 4𝑛 + 6
3.2 2 + 6 + 18 + …

𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1

2(3𝑛 − 1)
531 440 =
3−1

3𝑛 − 1 = 531 440

3𝑛 = 531 441

3𝑛 = 312

∴ 𝑛 = 12

36