0% found this document useful (0 votes)
13 views3 pages

Logistics 9

Transport planning involves addressing uncertainties and optimizing routes for vehicles while considering operational costs and constraints. Key problems include the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP), which focus on efficient delivery and inventory management. Transportation Management Systems (TMS) enhance logistics by optimizing routes, tracking shipments, and controlling costs, ultimately improving productivity and customer service.

Uploaded by

Mamuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
13 views3 pages

Logistics 9

Transport planning involves addressing uncertainties and optimizing routes for vehicles while considering operational costs and constraints. Key problems include the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP), which focus on efficient delivery and inventory management. Transportation Management Systems (TMS) enhance logistics by optimizing routes, tracking shipments, and controlling costs, ultimately improving productivity and customer service.

Uploaded by

Mamuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Transport planning

Characteristics

 Large uncertainty and time pression;


 The need to involve larger group of planners during the manual optimization of the
routes;
 Realization of planning tasks is often not deterministic – dynamic planning;
 Problem of maximal filling of vehicles’ load space.

Objectives

Operational transportation planning focuses on short-term decisions based on shipping


orders. For reduction of operating costs: reducing the number of vehicles, shortening the
working time of drivers, reducing the number of kilometers traveled working time of planners
and dispatchers reduction, increase the accuracy of planning and reduction or elimination of
planning errors.

OVE measure

Total vehicle performance is derived from the following aspects, driver breaks, excess loading
times, vehicle fill loss, speed loss and quality delays, which are considered on whether they
add value or are wasteful to the overall transport operation.

The potential contributions that OVE could make to the bigger picture is at an international,
national, and company level: transport efficiency is important at an economic, social and
environmental level and OVE could be a strong indicator of company profitability. Transport
providers have three main costs: fuel, labour and vehicles, which OVE has the potential to
measure and consequently to drive improved performance.

VRP – Vehicle Routing Problem

It is to design an optimal set of routes for a fleet of vehicles in order to execute orders for a
given set of clients.

The typical constraints are capacity of each vehicle can’t be exceeded, total weight of the load
can’t exceed the weight limit for the vehicle, the total length of the routes can’t exceed the
specified maximum, total delivery time can’t exceed the specified maximum and the number
of points that belong to a single route is limited by given parameter.

(additional restrictions)

Hard time Windows Soft Time Windows


Delivery is possible only within the specified Delivery is possible outside of the specified
time period. time period, taking into account a certain
cost

Inventory Routing Problem (IRP)

Transportation and inventory costs are the two main components of the supply chain.Different
approaches for supply chain optimization usually consider inventory control and
transportation independently, ignoring their interrelationships. The interrelationship between
the inventory allocation and vehicle routing has recently motivated some authors to model
these two activities simultaneously. This practical and challenging logistical problem is known
as the integrated Inventory Routing Problem (IRP).

The idea of the IRP is to simultaneously solve the problems of choosing the optimal quantity of
the goods and the time of delivery as well as the problem of optimal vehicle routing.

 more general then VRP – the set of route in given planning horizon has to be
determined.
 additional variables – time and delivery quantity.

Classical VRP

Goal function: minimizing the total distance defeated by vehicles and minimization of needed
vehicles.

Solution feasibility: the solution is feasibile, if the total quantity of goods assigned to each
route does not exceed the capacity of the vehicle.

Constraints: if Q denotes the capacity of the vehicle then a total demand of customers from
the route Ri does not exceed this capacity:
m

∑ qi ≤Q
i=1

Heuristics and metaheuristics methods

Heuristics – method of finding solutions, not guarantees of finding the optimal solution, or
even feasible solution. Heuristics methods compute, hopefully good, approximate solutions.
We do not know if the result is optimal. These methods are mainly used for problems that are
known to be NP-hard.

Modern methods of receiving good solutions

Ant Colony Optimization is a technique designed primarily for the problem of finding the best
paths in a graph. An algorithm simulates the ant’s ability in determining the shortest path
between food and the nest. At the beginning of ants wandering toward food route chosen
randomly, but back to the nest they leave on their route pheromone trace. A population of
ants is created – its size is one of the parameters of the algorithm.

Genetic algorithms (GA) are population-based algorithms that simulate the evolutionary
process of species that reproduce. GA causes the evolution of a population of individuals
encoded as chromosomes by creating new generations of offspring through an iterative
process that continues until some convergence criteria are met. At the end of this process, it is
expected that an initial population of randomly generated chromosomes will improve and be
replaced by better offsprings. The best chromosome obtained by this process is then decoded
to obtain the solution.

Transportation Management Systems (TMS)

The chosen functions are vehicle load and route optimization, real time transportation
tracking, service quality control in the form of KPIs, transport costs controlling and freight
settlement.
Benefits of using TMS systems:

 logistics costs reduction;


 increase productivity;
 optimization of transport processes;
 more precise costs control;
 freight and storage units tracking;
 events related to transport monitoring;
 modern logistic and IT techniques;
 better customer service;
 using in any type of business.

You might also like