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Math For AI Notes Class 9th

Mathematics is fundamental to the AI lifecycle, underpinning algorithms and processes through areas such as linear algebra, calculus, probability, and statistics. Statistics aids in data analysis, while probability measures uncertainty, both of which are crucial for AI applications like spam classification and autonomous vehicles. The document also categorizes events based on their probabilities and provides examples of certain, likely, impossible, and equal probability events.

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60 views4 pages

Math For AI Notes Class 9th

Mathematics is fundamental to the AI lifecycle, underpinning algorithms and processes through areas such as linear algebra, calculus, probability, and statistics. Statistics aids in data analysis, while probability measures uncertainty, both of which are crucial for AI applications like spam classification and autonomous vehicles. The document also categorizes events based on their probabilities and provides examples of certain, likely, impossible, and equal probability events.

Uploaded by

rituprana9
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Math for AI

1. Does math play a crucial role in AI lifecycle?


A) Yes, mathematics plays a crucial role in the AI lifecycle as it provides the foundation for
understanding algorithms, models, and processes used in AI systems. Core areas of
mathematics like linear algebra, calculus, probability, and statistics are essential for tasks like
training machine learning models, optimizing parameters, and interpreting data. For
example:

 Linear Algebra: Used in computations for neural networks and vector


representations.

 Probability: Helps in modeling uncertainty in predictions and outcomes.

 Calculus: Essential for optimization techniques like gradient descent.

2. What is statistics?
A) Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, organizing, analyzing,
interpreting, and presenting data. It provides tools and techniques to make informed
decisions based on data. For instance:

 Descriptive Statistics: Summarizing data using measures like mean, median, and
mode.

 Inferential Statistics: Making predictions or generalizations about a population based


on a sample.

3. What is probability?
A) Probability is the mathematical study of uncertainty. It measures how likely an event is to
occur, expressed as a number between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain). For example:

 Tossing a coin: The probability of getting heads is 0.5.

 Rolling a die: The probability of rolling a 3 is 1/6.

4. Explain the relationship between Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, providing


justification for their interconnection.

A) Mathematics is the backbone of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The relationship is deeply


interconnected because AI relies on mathematical principles to perform computations,
model complex systems, and interpret data. Justifications for this interconnection include:

 Linear Algebra: Enables representation of data as vectors and matrices for tasks like
image processing and deep learning.

 Probability and Statistics: Allow AI systems to handle uncertainty, make predictions,


and infer patterns from data.

 Calculus: Used in optimization algorithms, such as gradient descent, to train AI


models by minimizing error.
Without mathematics, the design, analysis, and implementation of AI models would
not be possible.

5. How is probability theory utilized in artificial intelligence? Provide two examples.

A) Probability theory is vital in AI to model uncertainty, make predictions, and handle


incomplete information. Examples include:

 Spam Email Classification: Bayesian probability is used in spam filters to calculate the
likelihood that an email is spam based on words it contains.

 Autonomous Vehicles: Probability is used to predict the behavior of other drivers or


pedestrians, such as whether a pedestrian will cross the road.

6. Define Certain Events and Likely Events with examples.

 Certain Events: Events that are guaranteed to happen and have a probability of 1.
Example: The sun rising in the east every morning.

 Likely Events: Events that are probable but not guaranteed, with a probability greater
than 0 but less than 1.
Example: Drawing a red card from a shuffled deck of cards (probability = 26/52 = 0.5).

7. Write any two examples of Impossible and equal probability events.

A) Impossible Events:

Events that cannot occur and have a probability of 0.

 Example 1: Rolling a 7 on a standard six-sided die.

 Example 2: Drawing a black card from a deck when all cards are red.

Equal Probability Events:


Events that have the same chance of occurring.

 Example 1: Tossing a fair coin and getting heads or tails (each has a probability of
0.5).

 Example 2: Rolling a fair die and getting any one of the six faces (each face has a
probability of 1/6).

8. Radhika collected the data of the age distribution of cases admitted during a day in a
hospital. Find the average number of cases admitted in hospital. Also, draw a line graph to
represent the data graphically.

A) Data Provided:
 Age (in years): 10, 12, 14, 15, 16

 Cases admitted (in a day): 5, 7, 9, 22, 11

Step 1: Calculate the Average

The formula for the average is:

So, the average number of cases admitted in the hospital is 10.8.

Step 2: Line Graph Representation

Let’s represent the data graphically using a line graph where:

 X-axis = Age (in years)

 Y-axis = Cases admitted (in a day).

I'll create the graph for you.

9. Identify the likely, unlikely, impossible and equal probability events from the following

a. Tossing a coin

b. Rolling an 8 on a standard die

c. Throwing ten 5’s in a row


d. Drawing a card of any suite

A) Categorizing Events

(a) Tossing a coin:

 Likely Event: Getting either heads or tails (both are equally probable).

 Equal Probability Event: Probability of heads = Probability of tails = 0.5.

 Impossible Event: Getting both heads and tails simultaneously.

(b) Rolling an 8 on a standard die:

 Impossible Event: A standard die has only six faces (1–6); rolling an 8 is
impossible.

(c) Throwing ten 5’s in a row:

 Unlikely Event: The probability of rolling a 5 ten times consecutively is extremely


low but not impossible.

(d) Drawing a card of any suit:

 Equal Probability Event: The probability of drawing a card of any suit (hearts,
1
spades, clubs, or diamonds) is equal, i.e.,
4

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