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ALG FX 2024 Type1

The document is a final examination for a Linear Algebra course at the Institute of Technology of Cambodia, covering various topics such as subspaces, inner products, linear transformations, and orthogonal sets. It includes specific problems requiring the determination of bases, dimensions, and properties of vector spaces. The exam is structured into four main questions with subparts, assessing students' understanding of key concepts in linear algebra.

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thespirit729
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12 views3 pages

ALG FX 2024 Type1

The document is a final examination for a Linear Algebra course at the Institute of Technology of Cambodia, covering various topics such as subspaces, inner products, linear transformations, and orthogonal sets. It includes specific problems requiring the determination of bases, dimensions, and properties of vector spaces. The exam is structured into four main questions with subparts, assessing students' understanding of key concepts in linear algebra.

Uploaded by

thespirit729
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Institute of Technology of Cambodia

Department of Foundation Year


Final Examination
Subject: Linear Algebra Type 1 Academic Year: 2023-2024
Level: Year 2 of Engineering Duration: 1 hour 30 mins

15 1. Let F and G be two sub-spaces of R3 defined by

F = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 |x − 2y = 0


G = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 |x + z = 0 and y = 0


5 (1.1) Find the basis and dimension of F and G.


5 (1.2) Find the basis and dimension of F + G.
3 (1.3) Find the basis and dimension of F ∩ G.
2 (1.4) Is R3 = F ⊕ G.

10 2. Let R3 be a vector space equipped with the inner product defined for x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) and
y = (y1 , y2 , y3 ) in R3 by

⟨x; y⟩ = x1 y1 + 2x2 y2 + x3 y3

Let v1 = (1, 1, 1), v2 = (2, −1, 0), v3 = (1, 1, −3) be three vector in R3 .

5 (2.1) Show that B = {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an orthogonal basis for R3 .


5 (2.2) Find [v]B where v = (2, 1, 2).

10 3. Let L : R3 → R2 be a linear transformation defined by


 
x1  
x1 + x2 − x3
L  x2  = .
2x1 + 3x2
x3

5 (3.1) Find Ker(L), Im(L), rank(L) and null(L).


5 (3.2) Determine whether L is one-to-one or onto or isomorphism.

5 4. Let B = {v1 , v2 , ... , vn } be an orthogonal set in an inner product space V. Prove that B is
also linearly independent.

1
15 1. Let F and G be two sub-spaces of R3 defined by

F = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 |x − 2y = 0


G = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 |x + z = 0 and y = 0


5 (1.1) Find the basis and dimension of F and G.

F = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 |x − 2y = 0 = (2y, y, z) : y, z ∈ R = span (2, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)


  

G = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 |x + z = 0 and y = 0 = (−z, 0, z) : z ∈ R = span (−1, 0, 1)


  

 
Therefore, BF = (2, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1) , BG = (1, 0, 1) and so dim(F) = 2, dim(G) = 1.
5 (1.2) Find the basis and dimension of F + G.

F + G = {u + v : u ∈ F, v ∈ G} = k1 (2, 1, 0) + k2 (0, 0, 1) + k3 (−1, 0, 1) : k1 , k2 , k3 ∈ R

= span (2, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1), (−1, 0, 1)

We see that
2 1 0
2 1
0 0 1 = (1)(−1)2+3 = 3 ̸= 0.
−1 0
−1 0 1

Then, (2, 1, 0), (0,0, 1), (−1, 0, 1) is linear independent.
Therefore, BF+G = (2, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1), (−1, 0, 1) and so dim(F + G) = 3.
3 (1.3) Find the basis and dimension of F ∩ G.

F ∩ G = {u : u ∈ F, u ∈ G}

For any u ∈ F ∩ G, there exist k1 , k2 and k3 such that

u = k1 (2, 1, 0) + k2 (0, 0, 1) and u = k3 (1, 0, 1)


⇒k1 (2, 1, 0) + k2 (0, 0, 1) − k3 (−1, 0, 1) = (0, 0, 0)
⇒k1 = k2 = k3 = 0

That is F ∩ G = (0, 0, 0) and therefore, BF∩G = ∅ and dim(F ∩ G) = 0.
2 (1.4) Is R3 = F ⊕ G.
We have F + G ≤ R3 and dim(F + G) = 3 = dim(R3 ) then F + G = R3 . Moreover,
F ∩ G = (0, 0, 0) . Therefore, R3 = F ⊕ G.

10 2. Let R3 be a vector space equipped with the inner product defined for x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) and
y = (y1 , y2 , y3 ) in R3 by

⟨x; y⟩ = x1 y1 + 2x2 y2 + x3 y3

Let v1 = (1, 1, 1), v2 = (2, −1, 0), v3 = (1, 1, −3) be three vector in R3 .

2
5 (2.1) Show that B = {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an orthogonal basis for R3 .

⟨v1 ; v2 ⟩ = (1)(2) + 2(1)(−1) + (1)(0) = 0


⟨v1 ; v3 ⟩ = (1)(1) + 2(1)(1) + (1)(−3) = 0
⟨v2 ; v3 ⟩ = (2)(1) + 2(−1)(1) + (0)(−3) = 0

This implies that B is an orthogonal set. In addition,

1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
2 −1 0 = 2 −1 0 = (−4)(−1)3+3 = −3 ̸= 0.
2 −1
1 1 −3 0 0 −4

This means that B is linearly independent.


Therefore, B is an orthogonal basis for R3 .
5 (2.2) Find [v]B where v = (2, 1, 2).

⟨v; v1 ⟩ = (2)(1) + 2(1)(1) + (2)(1) = 6 ∥v1 ∥2 = ⟨v1 ; v1 ⟩ = (1)2 + 2(1)2 + (1)2 = 4


⟨v; v2 ⟩ = (2)(2) + 2(1)(−1) + (2)(0) = 2 ∥v2 ∥2 = ⟨v2 ; v2 ⟩ = (2)2 + 2(−1)2 + (0)2 = 6
⟨v; v3 ⟩ = (2)(1) + 2(1)(1) + (2)(−3) = −2 ∥v3 ∥2 = ⟨v3 ; v3 ⟩ = (1)2 + 2(1)2 + (−3)2 = 12
 T  T
6 2 −2 3 1 1
Therefore, [v]B = , , = , ,− .
4 6 12 2 3 6

10 3. Let L : R3 → R2 be a linear transformation defined by


   
x1     x1
x1 + x2 − x3 1 1 −1 
L  x2  = = x2  = AX
2x1 + 3x2 2 3 0
x3 x3

5 (3.1) Find Ker(L), Im(L), rank(L)


 and3null(L).
By definition, Ker(L) = X ∈ R : AX = 0 . Solve AX = 0 for X.
      
1 1 −1 0 1 1 −1 0 1 0 −3 0 x1 − 3x3 = 0
∼ ∼ ⇔
2 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 x2 + 2x3 = 0
 
Thus, Ker(L) = x3 (3, −2, 1) : x3 ∈ R = span (3, −2, 1) ⇒ null(L) = 1.
Also, Im(L) = span (1, 2), (1, 3), (−1, 0) = R2 ⇒ rank(L) = 2.


5 (3.2) Determine whether L is one-to-one oronto or isomorphism.


L is not one-to-one because Ker(L) ̸= (0, 0, 0) , onto because Im(L) = R2 and so is
not isomorphism.

5 4. Let B = {v1 , v2 , ... , vn } be an orthogonal set in an inner product space V. Prove that B is
also linearly independent.
n
X n
X
For any i ∈ {1, 2, ... , n} , we have ⟨vi ; kj vj ⟩ = kj ⟨vi ; vj ⟩ = ki ∥vi ∥2 .
j=1 j=1
n
X
If kj vj = 0, we get ki ∥vi ∥2 = 0 which implies that ki = 0. Thus, B is linearly independent.
j=1

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