The Bombay Salesian Society's

Don Bosco Institute of Technology

Computer Department
(2023-24) Even Sem

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST - I

CSC403: Database Management System Max. marks: 20

Date:13/03/2024 Time: 11:30 am -12:30 pm

●​ Attempt any five from 1a to 1f.

●​ Attempt any one subquestion from the remaining two questions.

Q. No. Questions Mappin Levels of M Rubric Assessment

g with Bloom's ar
CO Taxonomy ks

1a Discuss any four disadvantages of CSC40 Remember 02 0.5 - for discussing each
File Management System. 3.1 disadvantages

Soluti Data redundancy and inconsistency. Since different programmers create the files and
on application programs over a long period, the various files are likely to have different formats
and the programs may be written in several programming languages. Moreover, the same
information may be duplicated in several places (files).
Data Isolation: Since the data files are created at different times and supposedly by different
people the structures of different files generally will not match. The data will be scattered in
different files for a particular entity. So it will be difficult to obtain appropriate data.
Integrity problems. The data values stored in the database must satisfy certain types of
consistency constraints. For example, the balance of a bank account may never fall below a
prescribed amount (say,$25). Developers enforce these constraints in the system by adding
appropriate code in the various application programs. However, when new constraints are
added, it is difficult to change the programs to enforce them. The problem is compounded
when constraints involve several data items from different files.
Security problems. Not every user of the database system should be able to access all the
data. For example, in a banking system, payroll personnel need to see only that part of the
database that has information about the various bank employees. They do not need access to
information about customer accounts. But, since application programs are added to the
system in an ad hoc manner, enforcing such security constraints is difficult.

1b Describe any two Unary relational CSC40 Remember 02 1 - Explain first Unary
operations in brief. 3.1 operator (definition +
Example + Syntax)
1 - Explain second Unary
operator (definition +
Example + Syntax)
0.5 - partially explained

Soluti Select : It is used to select a subset of the tuples from a relation based on a selection
on condition.
 ❑ The selection condition acts as a filter.
❑ Also known as horizontal partition.
❑ In general, the select operation is denoted by: σ <selection condition> ( R)
For example, to select the EMPLOYEE tuples whose department is 4, or those whose salary
is greater than $30,000, we can individually specify each of these two conditions with a
SELECT operation as follows:
σDno=4(EMPLOYEE) σSalary>30000(EMPLOYEE)
The PROJECT operation: It selects certain columns from the table and discards the other
columns. If we are interested in only certain attributes of a relation, we use the PROJECT
operation to project the relation over these attributes only. Therefore, the result of the
PROJECT operation can be visualized as a vertical partition of the relation into two relations:
one has the needed columns (attributes) and contains the result of the operation, and the other
contains the discarded columns.
The general form of the PROJECT operation is : π<attribute list>(R)

For example, to list each employee’s first and last name and salary, we can use the PROJECT
operation as follows:
πLname, Fname, Salary(EMPLOYEE)

1c Illustrate Generalization with CSC40 Remember 02 0.5 - partial explanation

suitable examples. 3.1 1 - explanation
1 - for diagram

Soluti Generalization is the process of extracting

on common properties from a set of entities
and creating a generalized entity from it.
It is a bottom-up approach in which two
or more entities can be generalized to a
higher-level entity if they have some
attributes in common. For Example,
STUDENT and FACULTY can be
generalized to a higher-level entity called
PERSON as shown in Figure 1. In this
case, common attributes like P_NAME,
and P_ADD become part of a higher
entity (PERSON), and specialized
attributes like S_FEE become part of a
specialized entity (STUDENT).

1d Differentiate between Strong and CSC40 Remember 02 0.5 for each difference
Weak entity sets. 3.1

Soluti
on
1e Define Data Abstraction with a CSC40 Remember 02 1 - Define Abstraction
suitable diagram. 3.1 1 - Diagram
0.5 - partially explained

Soluti Data Abstraction is a process of hiding unwanted or irrelevant details from the end user. It
on provides a different view and helps in achieving data independence which is used to enhance
the security of data.The database systems consist of complicated data structures and relations.
For users to access the data easily, these complications are kept hidden, and only the relevant
part of the database is made accessible to the users through data abstraction.
Mainly there are three levels of abstraction for DBMS, which are as follows −
●​ Physical or Internal Level
●​ Logical or Conceptual Level
●​ View or External Level

1f Differentiate between Primary key CSC40 Remember 02 0.5 - for discussing each
and Unique key. 3.1 difference
Soluti
on

2a Design an ER diagram for the CSC40 Create 05 1 - for cardinality

following requirements of Library 3.6 assumptions
Management System database: 4 - for Complete ER
(Assume cardinality ratio for each design
relationship based on real world 1/2/3 - Partial design
scenario.)
(depend how much points
covered)

●​ The system keeps track of the staff with a single point authentication system comprising login Id
and password.
●​ Staff maintains the book catalog with its ISBN, Book title, price (in INR), category (novel, general,
story), edition, author Number and details.
●​ A publisher has publisher Id, Year when the book was published, and name of the book.
●​ Readers are registered with their user_id, email, name (first name, last name), Phone no (multiple
entries allowed), communication address. The staff keeps track of readers.
●​ Readers can return/reserve books that stamps with issue date and return date. If not returned within
the prescribed time period, it may have a due date too.
●​ Staff also generate reports that have readers id, registration no of report, book no and return/issue
info.

Soluti
on
2b Design an ER diagram for the CSC40 Create 05 1 - for cardinality
following requirements of National 3.6 assumptions
Hockey League (NHL) Management 4 - for Complete ER
System database: (Assume cardinality design
ratio for each relationship based on
1/2/3 - Partial design
real world scenario.)
(depend how much points
covered)

●​the NHL has many teams,

●​each team has a name, a city, a coach, a captain, and a set of players,
●​each player belongs to only one team,
●​each player has a name, a position (such as left wing or goalie), a skill level, and a set of injury
records,
●​a team captain is also a player,
●​a game is played between two teams (referred to as host_team and guest_team) and has a date (such
as May 11th, 1999) and a score (such as 4 to 2).

Soluti
on
3a Consider the following relational CSC40 Evaluate 05 1 - for each correct query
database schema: 3.5 0.5 - for partially correct
query
Sailor (sid, sname, rating, age)
Boat (bid, bname, color)
Reserves (sid, bid, date)

Soluti Answer the following questions using relational algebra queries;

on
a)​ Find the Names of sailors who have ratings above 9 and age is below 25.
Answer:
π sname [ σ rating>9 and age <25 (Sailor)]
b)​ Display all the boat names whose color is “Blue”.
Answer:
π bname [ σ color = “Blue” (Boat)]
c)​ Find the names of sailors who have reserved boat 109.
Answer:
π sname ( σ bid=109 (Sailor ⨝ Reserves))
d)​ Find the names of the sailors who have reserved a red or green boat.
Answer:
π sname ( σ color='red' (Sailor ⨝ Reserves ⨝Boat))
∪
π sname ( σ color='green' (Sailor ⨝ Reserves ⨝Boat))
 e)​ Rename Reserves relation to Booked.
Answer:
٩Booked (Reserves)
3b Consider the following relational CSC40 Evaluate 05 1 - for each correct query
database schema: 3.5 0.5 - for partially correct
query
emp (Ename, street, city)
works (Ename, Cname, Salary)
company (Cname , city)
manages (Ename, Manager_name)

Soluti Answer the following questions using relational algebra queries;

on
a)​ Find Names of all employees who stay in “Mumbai”.
Answer:
π Ename [ σ city = “Mumbai” (emp)]
b)​ Find Names of all employees who work for “First Bank Corporation”.
Answer:
π Ename [ σ cname = “First Bank Corporation” (works)]
c)​ Find Names, street address, and cities of residence of all employees who work for “First Bank
Corporation” and earn more than ₹10,000 salary.
Answer:
π Ename, street, city [ σ (cname = “First Bank Corporation” and salary > 10000) (works⨝ emp)]
d)​ Find Names of all companies who are located in “Mumbai” and “Delhi”.
Answer:
π cname [ σ city = “Mumbai” and city = “Delhi” (company)]
e)​ Rename emp relation to staff.
Answer:
٩staff (emp)