Scribd
Upload
17 views2 pages

Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Human Behavior Management discusses learning, perception, and attribution. It outlines various learning theories including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning, and explains how perception is influenced by the perceiver, target, and situation. Additionally, it covers attribution theory and factors influencing attribution, as well as shortcuts in forming impressions of others such as selective perception, halo effect, and contrast effects.

Uploaded by

aladin_ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views2 pages

Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Human Behavior Management discusses learning, perception, and attribution. It outlines various learning theories including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning, and explains how perception is influenced by the perceiver, target, and situation. Additionally, it covers attribution theory and factors influencing attribution, as well as shortcuts in forming impressions of others such as selective perception, halo effect, and contrast effects.

Uploaded by

aladin_ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

HUMAN BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT

Chapter 3
LEARNING, PERCEPTION, AND ATTRIBUTION

LEARNING

Learning may be defined as relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.

THEORIES OF LEARNING

Classical Conditioning
This is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was
originally evoked by another stimulus.

Operant Conditioning
This is a type of learning where people learn to repeat behaviors tha bring them pleasurable outcomes to
avoid behaviors that lead to uncomfortable outcomes.

How classical conditioning different from operant conditioning?


Classical conditioning involves adjustment to events over which the concerned person has no control. In
contrast, operant conditioning involves adjustment to situations in which actions of the person determines what
happens to him.

Social Learning
This is the process of observing the behavior of others, recognizing its consequences, and altering
behavior as a result.

PERCEPTION

Perception maybe defined as the process by which people select, organize, interpret, retrieve, and
respond top information from their environment.

Factors Influencing Perception

 The Perceiver
The person who receives the target is the perceiver. A person’s experiences in the past have some
bearing on his current perceptions.

 The Target
The person, object, or event that is perceived by another person is the target.

 The Situation
Perception is also affected by the surrounding environment. The situational factors that affect perception
are: time, work setting, and social setting.

ATTRIBUTION

Attribution theory is the process by which people ascribe causes to the behavior they perceive.
Factors that Influence Attribution

 Distinctiveness
The consideration given to how consistent a person’s behavior is across different situations is referred to
as distinctiveness.

 Consensus
This refers to the likelihood that all those facing the same situation will have similar responses.

 Consistency
This refers to the measure of whether an individual responds the same way across time.

SHORTCUTS USED IN FORMING IMPRESSIONS OF OTHERS

 Selective Perception
Selective perception happens when a person selectively interprets what he sees on the basis of his
interests, background, experience, and attributes.

 Halo Effect
Halo effect occurs when one attribute of a person or situation is used to develop an overall impression of
the person or situation.

 Contrast Effects
It is defined as evaluations of a person’s characteristics that are affected by comparisons with other
people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
Contrasting situations, oftentimes, lead to inaccurate evaluation of a person’s character and ability.

You might also like