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Formulas in MS Excel

The document provides an overview of key components and functionalities of MS Excel, including parts of the Excel window, formulas, and functions. It explains how to use arithmetic operators, built-in functions like SUM and AVERAGE, and the concept of absolute references in formulas. Additionally, it covers methods for calculating percentages and using keyboard shortcuts for date and time entry.

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Jenifer Fernandes
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74 views9 pages

Formulas in MS Excel

The document provides an overview of key components and functionalities of MS Excel, including parts of the Excel window, formulas, and functions. It explains how to use arithmetic operators, built-in functions like SUM and AVERAGE, and the concept of absolute references in formulas. Additionally, it covers methods for calculating percentages and using keyboard shortcuts for date and time entry.

Uploaded by

Jenifer Fernandes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Row, column, cell, formula bar, namebox, status bar,

ribbon panel and groups in ribbon panel, shortcut keys.


For the above concepts refer:
https://www.javatpoint.com/parts-of-ms-excel-window

Formulas in MS Excel
A formula is a mathematical expression that is written to
perform a certain calculation.
In MS Excel, a formula always begins with an = (equal to)
sign.
A formula may consist of numbers(constants),
text(functions), symbols(operators), cell address etc.
Arithmetic Operators:
+ (Addition)
-(Subtraction)
*(Multiplication)
/(Division)
^(Exponent)
Examples:
=5+8
Let cell A1 consist of a value 15 and cell A2 consists of a
certain value 25, write a formula to add these values:
=A1+A2
Autofill feature is also applicable in formulas. (When the
data is in series format).
Status bar displays the sum, count and average when a
range of cells are selected containing numbers.
Functions in MS Excel
Functions are built in formulas that comes along with MS
Excel package.
Few functions are:
1. =sum(range)
It is used to get the total sum of the values(data)
present in the range of cells.

Note: Range is a group of continuous cells.

E.g.: =sum (A1:A5) gives the sum of data(values)


present in the cells A1 to A5.

2. =Average(range)
It is used to get the average(percentage) value of the
data present in the range of cells.

E.g.: =Average (A1:A5) gives the average of data(values)


present in the cells A1 to A5.

3. =max(range)
It is used to get the highest(maximum) value from data
present in the range of cells.

E.g.: =max (A1:A5) gives the maximum value from


values present in the cells A1 to A5.
4. =min(range)
It is used to get the lowest(minimum) value from data
present in the range of cells.

E.g.: =min (A1:A5) gives the least value from values


present in the cells A1 to A5.

5. =count(range)
It is used to get the count of cells containing numeric
values from the given range of cells.

E.g.: =count (A1:A5) gives the count of cells containing


numeric values present in the cells A1 to A5.

AutoSum button
It is in the Editing group of the Home tab.
It is used to add a calculation(formula) quickly or
automatically into a worksheet such as sum, max,
min, count etc.

More functions

=today ()
Gives the current date (month, date, year).

=now ()
Gives the current date and time.
=product (number1, number2…. number n)
Finds the product of the values given the cell address.

=quotient (numerator, denominator)


Gives the quotient value after performing division
operation.

=mod (number, divisor)


Gives the remainder value after performing the division
operation.

DATE function
The DATE function in Excel is used to create a date from a year,
month, and day. It's useful for managing calendars, performing date
calculations, and working with financial models.

Syntax
=DATE(year, month, day)
Example: DATE(2019,5,1) returns May 1, 2019.
keyboard shortcuts to enter the current date and time:
Ctrl + ; Enters the current date
Ctrl + Shift + ; Enters the current time
Ctrl + ; + space bar + Ctrl + Shift + ; Enters both the
current date and time.
If then else
The IF function in Microsoft Excel is used to compare
values or text in a cell to a desired value.

Percentage in Excel
To calculate a percentage in Excel, you can use the formula
amount / total = percentage. You can also format numbers
as percentages. For example, if a cell contains the formula
=10/100, the result of that calculation is 0.1. If you then
go to format cell option and format 0.1 as a percentage, the
number will be correctly displayed as 10%.
Example 1: Basic Percentage Calculation
Suppose you have some student data in columns A, B and
C. Follow the procedures below to determine the percentage
of marks obtained.
Step 1: Enter Formula in the Cells
In column D2, enter the Excel percentage formula =C2/B2,
and then duplicate it across as many rows as necessary.

Step 2: Select Percentage Style button


To show the resulting decimal fractions as percentages,
select the Percent Style button (Home tab > Number group)
OR Press CTRL+SHIFT+% on the keyboard.

Example 2: Calculate a Percentage of a Number


For example, suppose we want to calculate 20% of 200.
Type the following formula into an Excel cell:
Step 1: Enter Formula For the data and condition specified
enter the formula in the cell.

= 20% * 200
An absolute reference in Excel is a cell reference that uses a dollar sign ($)
to lock the cell in a formula. This means that the cell reference will not change
when the formula is copied or moved.
How to create an absolute reference
1. Add a dollar sign ($) before the column letter and row number in the formula
2. Press the F4 key after typing a cell reference
Examples of absolute references
 $A$1: An absolute reference for both the column and the row
 $A1: An absolute reference for the column, but the row is relative
 A$1: An absolute reference for the row, but the column is relative

For example, in the image below, all employees will receive


the same bonus payout amount of $1500. The amount of
$1500 is the constant in this situation, and an absolute
reference can be used to help calculate the total payout of
salary (a figure that is different for each person) plus bonus
payout.

In Excel, all references are relative by default. To apply


absolute reference in Excel, the addition of a dollar sign ($)
is required in the Excel formula — i.e., =$C$1 as shown in
the example above.

Without the dollar sign ($) in the formula, Excel naturally


interprets the cell address as a relative reference, where the
point of reference changes as the relative row and column
coordinates move.

The idea of an absolute cell reference is to hold a specific


cell constant, so the value remains the same when being
copied to other cells.

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