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Workshop Guide

The document provides a workshop guide for building a line follower bot using various components, including a plastic chassis, motors, an Arduino Nano, and an IR line tracking module. It outlines the basics of Arduino programming, including key functions and a sample code for controlling the bot's movements. The procedure for assembling the bot and programming it is also detailed, along with a circuit diagram and example code structure.

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pandasibashish2005
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9 views8 pages

Workshop Guide

The document provides a workshop guide for building a line follower bot using various components, including a plastic chassis, motors, an Arduino Nano, and an IR line tracking module. It outlines the basics of Arduino programming, including key functions and a sample code for controlling the bot's movements. The procedure for assembling the bot and programming it is also detailed, along with a circuit diagram and example code structure.

Uploaded by

pandasibashish2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORKSHOP GUIDE

AIM:-
To make a line follower bot, which follows a path, usually shown
by a black track on a light surface.

COMPONENTS PROVIDED:-
Each of the 30 teams will be provided a kit for building this bot.

The kit shall consist of:-


• Plastic chassis: base/foundation of the bot.
• 2 fixed wheels: the primary wheels on a mobile robot.
• 1 castor wheel: Spins on a single axis and can only roll in
one direction at a time; provides support to fixed wheels.
• 2 BO motors: Battery Operated Motor uses DC alongside
gears to provide enough torque while maintaining speeds;
the most common motor used in small projects.
• Arduino Nano: an open-source microcontroller platform
based on easy-to-use hardware and software(Arduino IDE).

• L298N Motor Driver: helps to


control DC motors according to
the Arduino code along with
powering up the motors safely
without damaging the
microcontroller due to excessive
voltage.
• 8-channel IR Line Tracking module:
the main sensor which will help us
tracking the black path.
• Li-ion battery pack: these are
rechargeable
batteries;
come with a 3.7V
rating; lightweight with a higher
capacity.
BASICS OF ARDUINO PROGRAMMING:-
An Arduino code is primarily divided into 2 different parts(or
functions to be more precise):-
• void setup(): block of code that runs only once; mostly
consists of assignment of pins to be input or output and to
establish serial communication.
• void loop(): block of code that runs repeatedly; consists of
the main logic of our project.
Some important Arduino functions:-
1. pinMode(pin_number, mode): used to configure a specific
pin on the Arduino board as either an input or an output.
E.g. pinMode(13, OUTPUT); configures digital pin 13 of the
Arduino as an output pin.
2. digitalWrite(pin_number, state): function is used to set the
state of a digital pin to either HIGH or LOW; essential for
controlling digital output pins on the board, such as turning
on or off LEDs, motors, or relays.
E.g. digitalWrite(13, HIGH); sets digital pin 13 as high, i.e.
provides a 5V to pin 13.
3. digitalRead(pin_number): used to read the state of a digital
pin, returning either HIGH or LOW; crucial for reading the
state of sensors, switches, or any other digital input devices
connected to the board. E.g. int x = digitalRead(2);
4. delay(milliseconds): function is used to pause the execution
of the program for a specified amount of time. This function
is handy for creating delays between actions, such as
blinking an LED at a certain frequency or waiting for a
sensor to stabilize before taking a measurement.
E.g. delay(1000); pauses the code for 1s.
5. analogRead(pin_number): used to read the voltage value
from an analog pin(measured in a scale from 0-1023); used
for interfacing with analog sensors such as light sensors,
temperature sensors potentiometers and more.
E.g. int x = analogRead(A0);
6. analogWrite(pin_number, value): used to generate a PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) signal on a digital pin. It is a
technique used to simulate analog output by rapidly
toggling a digital signal between HIGH and LOW states. Only
the pins marked with a tilde (~) symbol,i.e. 3, 5, 6, 9, 10,
and 11 have PWM feature.
E.g. analogWrite(13, 255); values range from 0-255.

Blink example:-
//the setup function runs only once
void setup() {
pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // initialize digital pin 13 as an output.
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever


void loop() {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(13, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

PROCEDURE:-
• Solder jumper wires to the motor and attach them to the
chassis using double sided tape.
• Attach the fixed wheels to the shaft and attach the castor
wheel to the chassis.
• Attach the Arduino Nano, the Li-ion cell pack, the motor
driver and the 8-channel IR sensor to the chassis.
• Make the connections according to the circuit diagram(your
connections may not be exactly the same).
• Program the Arduino and test the bot.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
SAMPLE CODE:-
//Specify Motor connections
//Specify Sensor connections
//Declare variables to store sensor outputs

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:

//Set MOTOR PINS as OUTPUT


//Set SENSOR PINS as INPUT
// Turn off motors - Initial state
}
void forward() //function to move the bot FORWARD
{
//write your code here
}

void left() //function for LEFT turn


{
//write your code here
}

void right() //function for RIGHT turn


{
//write your code here
}

void stop() //function to STOP the bot


{
//write your code here
}

void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

//Reading the output from the sensors


//The following are the different cases:-
//if all sensors sense BLACK or all of them sense WHITE ==>
STOP the bot
//if the 2 MIDDLE sensors sense BLACK ==> Bot moves AHEAD
//if the 2 RIGHT sensors sense BLACK ==> Bot takes a RIGHT
TURN
//if the 2 LEFT sensors sense BLACK ==> Bot takes a LEFT TURN

delay(10);
}

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