Chapter 2 – Polynomials

Exercise 2.1 (Multiple choice question)

Question 1: Which one of the following is a polynomial?
𝒙𝟐 𝟐
(a) 𝟐
− 𝒙𝟐

(b) √𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
𝟑
2 𝟑𝒙𝟐
(c) x +
√𝒙

𝒙−𝟏
(d) 𝒙+𝟏

Answer: The correct option is (c).

𝑥2 2 𝑥2
(a) is not a polynomial, as 2
− 𝑥2
= 2
− 2𝑥 −2 , where exponent of x is (-2) which in not
a whole number.
1
(b) is also not a polynomial, as √2𝑥 − 1 = √2𝑥 2 − 1 where exponent of x is
1
(− 2) which is not a whole number.
(c) is a polynomial as exponents of x is a whole number.
𝑥−1
(d) is not a polynomial as 𝑥+1 is a rational function.

Question 2: √2 is a polynomial of degree

(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d)½

Answer: (b) √2 = -√2x°. Hence, √2 is a polynomial of degree 0, because exponent of

x is 0.

Question 3: Degree of the polynomial 4x4 + 0x3 + 0x5 + 5x+ 7 is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 7

Answer: (a) Degree of 4x4 + 0x3 + 0x5 + 5x + 7 is equal to the highest power of
variable x. Here, the highest power of x is 4, Hence, the degree of a polynomial is 4.

Question 4: Degree of the zero polynomial is

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) any natural number (d) not defined

Answer: (d) The degree of zero polynomial is not defined, because in zero
polynomial, the coefficient of any variable is zero i.e., 0x2 or 0x5,etc.
Hence, we cannot exactly determine the degree of variable.

Question 5: If p (x) = x2 – 2√2x + 1, then p (2√2) is equal to

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 4√2 (d) 8 √2 +1
Answer: (b) Given, p(x) = x2 – 2√2x + 1 ………………………………(1)
On putting x = 2√2 in Eq. (1), we get,
P(2√2) = (2√2)2– (2√2)(2√2) + 1 =8-8+1=1

Question 6: The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3, when x = – 1 is

(a)-6 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) -2

Answer: (a) Let p (x) = 5x – 4x2 + 3 ………………………………………(1)

On putting x = -1 in Eq. (1), we get
p(-1) = 5(-1) -4(-1)2 + 3= - 5 – 4 + 3 = -6

Question 7: If p (x) = x + 3, then p(x)+ p (- x) is equal to

(a) 3 (b) 2x (c) 0 (d) 6

Answer: (d) Given p(x) = x+3, put x = (-x) in the given equation, we get
p(-x) = -x+3
Now, p(x)+ p(-x) = x+ 3+ (-x)+ 3=6

Question 8: Zero of the zero polynomial is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) any real number (d) not defined

Answer: (c) Zero of the zero polynomial is any real number.

e.g., Let us consider zero polynomial be 0(x-k), where k is a real number For
determining the zero, put (x-k) = 0 we get, x = k
Hence, zero of the zero polynomial be any real number.

Question 9: Zero of the polynomial p(x)=2x+5 is

(a) -2/5 (b) -5/2 (c)2/5 (d)5/2

Answer: (b) Given, p(x) = 2x+5

For zero of the polynomial, put p(x) = 0
∴ 2x + 5 = 0
or, -5/2
Hence, zero of the polynomial p(x) is -5/2.

Question 10: One of the zeroes of the polynomial 2x2 + 7x – 4 is

(a) 2 (b)½ (c)-1 (d)-2
Thinking Process
(i) Firstly, determine the factor by using splitting method.
(ii) Further, put the factors equals to zero, then determine the values of x.

Answer: (b) Let p (x) = 2x2 + 7x-4

= 2x2 + 8x-x-4 [by splitting middle term]
= 2x(x+ 4)-1(x+ 4)
= (2x-1)(x+ 4)
For zeroes of p(x), put p(x) = 0
or, (2x -1) (x + 4) = 0
or, 2x-1 = 0 and x + 4 = 0
or, x = ½ and x = (-4)
Hence, one of the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) is ½.

Question 11: If x51 + 51 is divided by x + 1, then the remainder is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 49 (d) 50

Answer: (d) Let p(x) = x51 + 51 ……………………………………………..…(1)

When we divide p(x) by x+1, we get the remainder p(-1)
On putting x= -1 in Eq. (1), we get p(-1) = (-1)51 + 51 = -1 + 51 = 50
Hence, the remainder is 50.

Question 12: If x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial 2x 2 + kx, then the value of k is

(a) -3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d)-2

Answer: (c) Let p(x) = 2x2 + kx

Since, (x + 1) is a factor of p(x), then
p(-1)=0
2(-1)2 + k(-1) = 0
or, 2-k = 0
or, k= 2
Hence, the value of k is 2.

Question 13: x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial

(a) x3 + x2 – x +1 (b) x3 + x2 + x+1
(c) x4 + x3 + x2 +1 (d) x4 + 3x3 + 3x2 + x +1

Answer: (b) Let assume (x + 1) is a factor of x3 + x2 + x+1.

So, x = -1 is zero of x3 + x2 + x+1
(-1)3 + (-1)2 + (-1) + 1 = 0
or, -1+1-1 + 1 = 0
or, 0 = 0 Hence, our assumption is true.

Question 14: One of the factors of (25x2 – 1) + (1 + 5x)2 is

(a) 5 + x (b) 5 – x (c) 5x -1 (d) 10x

Answer: (d) Now, (25x2 -1) + (1 + 5x)2

= 25x2 -1 + 1 + 25x2 + 10x [using identity, (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]
= 50x2 + 10x = 10x (5x+ 1)
Hence, one of the factor of given polynomial is 10x.

Question 15: The value of 2492 – 2482 is

(a) 12 (b) 477 (c) 487 (d) 497

Answer: (d) Now, 2492 – 2482 = (249 + 248) (249 – 248) [using identity, a2 – b2 = (a –
b)(a + b)]
= 497 x 1 = 497.
Question 16: The factorization of 4x2 + 8x+ 3 is
(a) (x +1) (x + 3) (b) (2x+1) (2x + 3)
(c) (2x + 2) (2x + 5) (d) (2x -1) (2x – 3)

Answer: (b) Now, 4x2 + 8x + 3= 4x2 + 6x + 2x + 3 [by splitting middle term]

= 2x(2x+ 3) + 1 (2x+ 3)
= (2x + 3) (2x + 1)

Question 17: Which of the following is a factor of (x+ y) 3 – (x3 + y3)?

(a) x2 + y2 + 2 xy (b) x2 + y2 – xy (c) xy2 (d) 3xy

Answer: (d) Now, (x+ y)3 – (x3 + y3) = (x + y) – (x + y)(x2– xy + y2)

[using identity, a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 -ab+ b2)] = (x+ y)[(x+ y)2 -(x2 -xy+ y2)]
= (x+ y)(x2+ y2+ 2xy- x2+ xy- y2)
[using identity, (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2 ab)]
= (x + y) (3xy)
Hence, one of the factor of given polynomial is 3xy.

Question 18: The coefficient of x in the expansion of (x + 3) 3 is

(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 18 (d) 27

Answer: (d) Now, (x + 3)3 = x3 + 33 + 3x (3)(x + 3)

[using identity, (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)]
= x3 + 27 + 9x (x + 3)
= x3 +27 + 9x2+27x Hence, the coefficient of x in (x + 3) 3 is 27.

𝒙 𝒚
Question 19: If 𝒚 + 𝒙 = −𝟏 (where x, y ≠ 𝟎) then the value of x3 – y3 is,
𝟏
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) 𝟐

𝑥 𝑦
Answer: (c) Given, 𝑦 + 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
or, = -1
𝑥𝑦

Or, x2 + y2 = -xy
or, x2 + y2 + xy = 0
Now, x3 – y3 = (x – y)(x2 + xy + y2) = (x – y)× 0 = 0

𝟏 𝟏
Question 20: If 49x2 – b = (𝟕𝒙 + 𝟐) (𝟕𝒙 − 𝟐), then the value of b is,
(a) 0
𝟏
(b)
√𝟐
𝟏
(c) 𝟒
𝟏
(d)𝟐
 1 1
Answer: Given, 49x2 – b = (7𝑥 + 2) (7𝑥 − 2)

1 2
Or, [49𝑥 2 − (√𝑏)2 ] = [(7𝑥 )2 − (2) ]

1 2
Or, 49x2 - (√𝑏)2 = 49x2 - (2)

1 2
Or, (√𝑏)2 = (2)

1
Or, b =
4

Question 21: If a + b + c =0, then a3+b3 + c3 is equal to

(a) 0 (b) abc (c) 3abc (d) 2abc

Answer: (d) Now, a3+b3 + c3 = (a+ b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – be – ca) + 3abc

[using identity, a3+b3 + c3 – 3 abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – be -ca)] = 0 + 3abc
[∴ a + b + c = 0, given]
a3+b3 + c3 = 3abc

Exercise 2.2 (Short answer type question)

Question 1: Which of the following expressions are polynomials? Justify your

answer,
(i) 8
(ii) √𝟑x2 – 2x
(iii) 1 - √𝟓x
𝟏
(iv) 𝟓𝒙−𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟕
(𝒙−𝟐)(𝒙−𝟒)
(v) 𝒙
𝟏
(vi)𝒙+𝟏
𝟏 𝟐
(vii) 𝟕 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂 − 𝟕
√𝟑
𝟏
(viii) 𝟐𝒙

Answer: (i) Polynomial, because the exponent of the variable of 8 or 8x 0 is 0 which is

a whole number.
(ii)Polynomial because the exponent of the variable of √3x2 – 2x is a whole number

1
1
(iii) Not polynomial, because the exponent of the variable of 1 - √5x or 1 - √5𝑥 2 is 2
which is not a whole number

1 1
(iv) polynomial because the exponent of the variable of 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 7 = 5x2 + 5x +7, is
a whole number.

(v) Not polynomial

(vi)Not polynomial
(vii)Polynomial
(viii) not polynomial

Question 2: Write whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your
answer. ’
(i) A Binomial can have atmost two terms.
(ii) Every polynomial is a Binomial.
(iii) A binomial may have degree 5.
(iv) Zero of a polynomial is always 0.
(v) A polynomial cannot have more than one zero.
(vi) The degree of the sum of two polynomials each of degree 5 is always 5.

Answer: (i) False, because a binomial has exactly two terms.

(ii) False, because every polynomial is not a binomial .

e.g., (a) 3x2 + 4x + 5 [polynomial but not a binomial]
(b) 3x2 + 5 [polynomial and also a binomial]

(iii) True, because a binomial is a polynomial whose degree is a whole number

greater than equal to one. So, it may have degree 5.

(iv) False, because zero of a polynomial can be any real number e.g., p(x) = x – 2,
then 2 is a zero of polynomial p(x).

(v) False, because a polynomial can have any number of zeroes. It depends upon
the degree of the polynomial
e.g., p(x) = x2 -2, as degree pf p(x) is 2 ,so it has two degree, so it has two zeroes
i.e., √2 and —√2.

(vi) False, because the sum of any two polynomials of same degree is not always
same degree.
e.g., Let f(x) = x4 + 2 and g(x) = -x4 + 4x3 + 2x
∴ Sum of two polynomials,
f{x) + g(x) = x4 + 2 + (-x4 + 4x3 + 2x)
= 4x3 + 2x + 2 which is not a polynomial of degree 4.

Exercise 2.3(Short answer type question)

Question 1: Classify the following polynomials as polynomials in one variable,

two variables etc.
(i) x2 + x +1 (ii) y3 – 5y
(iii) xy+ yz +zx (iv) x2 – Zxy + y2 +1

Answer: (i) Polynomial x2+ x+ 1 is a one variable polynomial, because it contains

only one variable i.e., x.
(ii) Polynomial y3 – 5y is a one variable polynomial, because it contains only one
variable i.e., y.
(iii) Polynomial xy+ yz+ zx is a three variables polynomial, because it contains three
variables x, y and z.
(iv) Polynomial x2 – Zxy + y2 +1 is a two variables pplynomial, because it contains
two variables x and y.

Question 2: Determine the degree of each of the following polynomials.

(i) 2x - 1 (ii) -10
(iii) x3 - 9x + 3x5 (iv) y3(1 - y4)

Answer: (i) Degree of polynomial 2x-1 is one, Decause the maximum exponent of x
is one.
(ii) Degree of polynomial -10 or -10x° is zero, because the exponent of x is zero.
(iii) Degree of polynomial x3 – 9x + 3xs is five, because the maximum exponent of x
is five.
(iv) Degree of polynomial y3(1-y4) or y3 – y7 is seven, because the maximum exponent
of y is seven.

𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟕
Question 3: For the polynomial - 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟔 , then write
𝟓
(i)The degree of the polynomial
(ii) the coefficient of x3
(iii)the coefficient of x6
(iv) the constant term

𝑥 2+2𝑥+1 7 1 2𝑥 1 7
Answer: Given polynomial - 2 𝑥2 − 𝑥6 = 5 𝑥3 + 5 + 5 − 2 𝑥2 − 𝑥6
5
(i) Degree of the polynomial is the highest power of the variable i.e. 6
1
(ii) The coefficient of x3 in given polynomial is
5
(iii) The coefficient of x6 in given polynomial is -1
1
(iv) The constant term is given polynomial is 5
Question 4: Write the coefficient of x2 in each of the following,
𝝅
(i) 𝟔 𝒙 + x2 – 1
(ii) 3x – 5
(iii) (x – 1)(3x – 4)
(iv) (2x – 5)(2x2 – 3x + 1)

𝜋
Answer: (i) the coefficient of x2 in 6 𝑥 + x2 – 1 is 1
(ii) The coefficient of x2 in 3x – 5 = 0

(iii) Let p(x) = (x – 1)(3x – 4)

= 3x2 – 7x + 4
= 3x2 – 4x – 3x + 4
Hence, the coefficient of x2 in p(x) is 3

(iv) Let p(x) = (2x – 5)(2x2 – 3x +1)

= 2x (2x2 – 3x + 1) – 5(2x2 – 3x +1)
= 4x3 – 6x2 + 2x – 10x2 + 15x – 5
= 4x3 – 16x2 + 17x – 5
Hence, the coefficient of x2 in p(x) is -16

Question 15: Classify the following as a constant, linear, quadratic and cubic
polynomials,
(i)2 – x2 + x3
(ii) 3x3
(iii) 5t - √𝟕
(iv) 4 – 5y2
(v)3
(vi) 2 + x
(vii) y3 - y
(viii) 1 + x + x2
(ix) t2
(x) √𝟐𝒙 – 1

Answer: (i) Polynomial 2 – x2 + x3 is a cubic polynomial, because maximum exponent

of x is 3.
(ii) Polynomial 3x3 is a cublic polynomial, because maximum exponent of x is 3.
(iii) Polynomial 5t -√7 is a linear polynomial, because maximum exponent of t is 1.
(iv) Polynomial 4- 5y2 is a quadratic polynomial, because maximum exponent of y is
2.
(v) Polynomial 3 is a constant polynomial, because the exponent of variable is 0. ’
(vi) Polynomial 2 + x is a linear polynomial, because maximum exponent of x is 1.
(vii) Polynomial y3 – y is a cubic polynomial, because maximum exponent of y is 3.
(viii) Polynomial 1 + x+ x2 is a quadratic polynomial, because maximum exponent of
x is 2.
(ix) Polynomial t2 is a quadratic polynomial, because maximum exponent of t is 2.
(x) Polynomial √2x-1 is a linear polynomial, because maximum exponent of is 1.

Question 6: Give an example of a polynomial, which is

(i) monomial of degree 1.
(ii) -binomial of degree 20.
(iii) trinomial of degree 2.

Answer: (i) The example of monomial of degree 1 is 5y or 10x.

(ii) The example of binomial of degree 20 is 6x20 + x11 or x20 +1
(iii) The example of trinomial of degree 2 is x2 – 5x+ 4 or 2x2 – x – 1

Question 7: Find the value of the polynomial 3x3 – 4x2 + 7x – 5, when x = 3 and
also when x = -3.

Answer: Let p(x) =3x3 – 4x2 + 7x – 5

At x= 3, p(3) = 3(3)3 – 4(3)2 + 7(3) – 5
= 3×27-4×9 + 21-5 = 81-36+21-5 P( 3) =61
At x = -3, p(-3)= 3(—3)3 – 4(-3)2 + 7(-3)- 5
= 3(-27)- 4 × 9 – 21 – 5 = - 81 – 36 – 21 – 5 = -143 p(-3) = -143
Hence, the value of the given polynomial at x = 3 and x = -3 are 61 and -143,
respectively.

Question 8: If p (x) = x2 – 4x + 3, then evaluate p(2) – p (-1) + p ( ½).

Answer: Given, p (x) = x2 – 4x + 3

Now, p(2) = 22 – 4 × 2 + 3 = 4 − 8 + 3 = -1
p(-1) = (-1)2 – 4(-1) + 3 = 1 + 4 + 3 = 8
1 1 2 1
and p(2) = (2) − 4 × 2 + 3
1
=4−2+3
1−8+12
= 4
5
=
4

1 5 5 −36+5 −31
Therefore, p(2) – p(-1) + p(2) = - 1 – 8 + 4 = - 9 + 4 = 4
= 4

Question 9: Find p(0), p( 1) and p(-2) for the following polynomials

(i) p(x) = 10x – 4x2 – 3 (ii) p(y) = (y + 2)(y – 2)
Answer: (i) Given, polynomial is
p(x) = 10x – 4x2 – 3
On putting x = 0,1 and – 2, respectively in Eq. (i), we get p(0) = 10(0)-4(0)2 -3 = 0-0-3= -3
p(1) = 10 (1) - 4 (1 )2 -3
= 10-4-3= 10-7= 3
and p(-2) =10 (-2)- 4 (-2)2 – 3
= -20-4×4-3 =-20-16-3=-39
Hence, the values of p(0), p(1) and p(-2) are respectively, -3,3 and – 39.
(ii) Given, polynomial is p(y) = (y+2)(y-2)
On putting y =0,1 and -2, respectively in Eq. (i), we get p(0) =(0+2)(0-2)= -4
p(1) = (1 + 2)(1-2) = 3 x (-1) = -3
and p(-2) = (-2 + 2)(-2 -2) =0 (-4) = 0
Hence, the values of p(0),p(1) and p(-2) are respectively,-4,-3 and 0.

Question 10: Verify whether the following are true or false.

(i) -3 is a zero of at – 3
(ii) -1/3 is a zero of 3x + 1
(iii) -4/5 is a zero of 4 – 5y
(iv) 0 and 2 are the zeroes of t2 – 2t
(v) -3 is a zero of y2 + y – 6
Answer: (i) False as zero of x – 3 is 3
1
(ii)true as zero of 3x + 1 is − 3
4
(iii)False as zero of 4 – 5y is 5

(iv)true as zeroes of t2 – 2t are 0 and 2

(v)true.
Now, y2 + y – 6
= y2 + 3y – 2y – 6
= y(y + 3) – 2(y + 3)
= (y – 2)(y + 3)
Hence, the zeroes of y2 + y – 6 are 2 and -3 .

Question 11:
Find the zeroes of the polynomial in each of the following,
(i) p(x)=x – 4 (ii) g(x)= 3 – 6x
(iii) q(x) = 2x – 7 (iv) h(y) = 2y
Answer:
(i) Given, polynomial is
p(x) = x- 4
For zero of polynomial, put p(x) = x-4 = 0
or, x= 4
Hence, zero of polynomial is 4.
(ii) Given, polynomial is
g(x) = 3-6x
For zero of polynomial, put g(x) = 0
3-6x= 0
or, 6x =3
1
or, x = 2.
Hence, zero of polynomial is X
(iii) Given, polynomial is q(x) = 2x -7 For zero of polynomial, put q(x) = 2x-7 = 0
2x= 7
7
or, x = 2
Hence, zero of polynomial is
(iv) Given polynomial h(y) = 2y For zero of polynomial, put h(y) = 0
2y= 0
Hence, the zero of polynomial is 0.

Question 12:
Find the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)= (x – 2)2 – (x+ 2)2.
Answer:
Given, polynomial is p(x) = (x – 2)2 – (x+ 2)2
For zeroes of polynomial, put p(x) = 0
(x – 2)2 – (x+ 2)2=0
(x-2 + x+2)(x-2-x-2) = 0 [using identity, a2-b2 =(a-b)(a + b)]
or,(2x)(-4) = 0
or, x = 0.

Question 13:
By actual division, find the quotient and the remainder when the first
polynomial is divided by the second polynomial x 4 + 1 and x-1.
Answer:

Question 14:
By remainder theorem, find the remainder when p(x) is divided by g(x)
(i) p(x) = x3-2x2-4x-1, g(x)=x + 1
(ii) p(x) = x3 -3x2 + 4x + 50, g(x)= x – 3
(iii) p(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 14x -3, g(x)= 2x – 1 – 1
(iv) p(x) = x3-6x2+2x-4, g(x) = 1 -(3/2) x
Answer:
(i)Given p(x) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 1 and g(x) = x + 1
Here, zero of g(x) is -1.
When we divide p(x) by g(x) by remainder theorem, we get the remainder p(-1).
Therefore, p(-1) = (−1)3 − 2(−1)2 − 4(−1) − 1
= -1 - 2 + 4 – 1
=4–4=0
Hence, remainder is 0.
(ii) Given, p(x) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 50 and g(x 0 = x – 3
Hence, zero of g(x) is 3.
When we divide p(x) by g(x) by remainder theorem, we get the remainder p(3).
Therefore, p(3) = (3)3 − 3(3)2 + 4(3) + 50
= 27 – 27 + 12 + 50 = 62
Hence, remainder is 62.
(iii) Given, p(x) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 50 and g(x) = 2x – 1
1
Hence, Zero of g(x) = 2
1
When we divide p(x) by g(x) using remainder theorem, we get the remainder p(2)
1 1 3 1 2 1
Therefore, p( ) = 4( ) − 12 ( ) + 14 ( ) − 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
= 4 × – 12 × + 14 × − 3
8 4 2
1+2 3
= 2
=2
3
Hence, remainder is 2
 3
(iv) Given, p(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 2x – 4 and g(x) = 1 - 2x
2
Here, zero of g(x) = 3
2
When we divide p(x) by g(x) using remainder theorem, we get the remainder p(3)
8 4 2 8 24 4 8−72+36−108 −136
Hence, −6× +2× −4 = − + −4= =
27 9 3 27 9 3 27 27
−136
Thus, remainder is 27
.

Question 15: Check whether p(x) is a multiple of g(x) or not

(i) p(x) = x – 5x + 4x – 3, g(x) = x – 2.
(ii) p(x) = 2x – 11x – 4x+ 5, g(x) = 2x + l
Answer: (i) g(x) = x – 2
Then zero of the g(x) is 2. [Given] [Since, p(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 4x – 3]
Now, p(2) = 23 – 5(2)3 + 4(2) – 3 = 8 – 20 + 8 – 3 = -7 ≠ 0
Since, remainder ≠ 0, so p(x) is not a multiple of g(x).
(ii) Here g(x) = 2x + 1
1
Then, zero of g(x) = − 2
−1 −1 3 1 2 1
Now, p( ) = 2 ( ) − 11 (− ) − 4 (− ) + 5
2 2 2 2
−1 1
= 2( 8 ) − 11 (4) + 2 + 5
−1 11
= 4
−
4
+7
−1−11+28 16
= 4
= 4
=4
Since, remainder ≠ 0, so p(x) is not a multiple of g(x).

Question 16: Show that,

(i) x + 3 is a factor of 69 + 11c – x + x
(ii) 2x – 3 is a factor of x + 2x - 9x +12
Answer: (i) Let p(x) = x3 – x2 + 11x + 69
We have to show that, x + 3 is a factor of p(x) i.e., p(-3) = 0
Now, p(-3) = (-3)3 –(-3)2 + 11(-3) + 69 = -27 – 9 – 33 + 69 = - 69 + 69 = 0
hence, (x + 3) is a factor of p(x)
(ii) let p(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + x + 12
We have to show that, 2x – 3 is a factor of p(x).
3
i.e., p(2) = 0
3 3 3 3 2 3
Now, p(2) = 2(2) − 9 (2) + 2 + 12
27 9 3
= 2× − 9 × + + 12
8 4 2
27−81+6+48 81−81
= 4
= 4
=0
hence, (2x – 3) is a factor of p(x).
Question 17: Determine which of the following polynomial has x – 2 a factor
(i) 3x + 6x – 24 (ii) 4x + x – 2
Answer: let p(x) = x5 – 4a2x3 + 2x + 2a + 3
Since, x + 2a is a factor of p(x), then put p(-2a) = 0
Therefore, (-2a)5 – 4a2(-2a)3 + 2(-2a) + 2a + 3 = 0
or, -32a5 + 32a5 – 4a + 2a + 3 = 0
or, -2a + 3 = 0
or, 2a = 3
3
or, a = 2
3
Hence, the value of a is 2

Question 18: Show that p-1 is a factor of p -1 and also of p -1.

Answer: Let g (p) = p -1 and h(p) = p -1.
On putting p=1 in Eq. (i), we get g(1)=1 -1= 1-1=0 Hence, p-1 is a factor of g(p).
Again, putting p = 1 in Eq. (ii), we get,
h(1) = (1) —1 = 1 —1 = 0 Hence, p -1 is a factor of h(p).

Question 19: For what value of m is x -2mx +16 divisible by x + 2?

Answer: Let p(x) = x -2mx +16
Since, p(x) is divisible by (x+2), then remainder = 0
P(-2) = 0
or, (-2) -2m(-2) + 16=0
or, -8 - 8m + 16=0
or, 8 = 8m
or, m = 1
Hence, the value of m is 1.

Question 20: If x + 2a is a factor of a -4a x +2x + 2a +3, then find the value of a.
Answer: Let p(x) =a – 4ax + 2x + 2a + 3
Since, x + 2a is a factor of p(x), then put
p(-2a) = 0 (-2a) – 4a (-2a) + 2(-2a) + 2a + 3 = 0
or, -32a + 32a – 4a + 2a + 3 = 0
or, -2a + 3=0
or, 2a =3
or, a = 3/2.
Hence, the value of a is 3/2.

Question 21: Find the value of m, so that 2x -1 be a factor of 8x + 4x - 16x + 10x + 07.
Answer: Let p(x) = 8x4 + 4x3 – 16x2 + 10x + m
1
Since, 2x – 1 is a factor of p(x), then put p(2) = 0
1 4 1 3 1 2 1
Therefore, 8( ) + 4 ( ) − 16 ( ) + 10 ( ) + 𝑚 = 0
2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1
Or, 8× 16 + 4 × 8 − 16 × 4 + 10 (2) + 𝑚 = 0
1 1
or, + − 4 + 5 + 𝑚 = 0
2 2
or, 1 + 1 + m = 0
or, m = -2
Hence, the value of the m is -2.

Question 22: If x +1 is a factor of ax +x -2x + 4a – 9 , then find the value of a.

Answer: Let p(x) = ax3 + x2 – 2x + 4a – 9
Since, x + 1 is a factor of p(x), then put p(– 1) = 0
Therefore, a(-1)3 + (-1)2 -2(-1) + 4a – 9 = 0
or, - a + 1+ 2 + 4a – 9 = 0
or, 3a – 6 = 0
or, 3a = 6
6
or, a = = 2
3

Question 23: Factorise

(i) x2 + 9x +18
(ii) 6x2 + 7x – 3
(iii) 2x2 – 7x – 15
(iv) 84 – 2r – 2r2
Answer: (i) x2 + 9x +18
= x2 + 6x + 3x + 18
= x(x + 6) + 3(x + 6)
= (x + 3)(x + 6)
(ii) 6x2 + 7x – 3
= 6x2 + 9x – 2x – 3
= 3x(2x + 3) -1(2x + 3)
= (3x – 1)(2x + 3)
(iii) 2x2 – 7x – 15
= 2x2 – 10x + 3x – 15
= 2x(x – 5) + 3(x – 5)
= (2x + 3)(x – 5)
(iv) 84 – 2r – 2r2
= - 2(r2 + r – 42)
= -2 (r2 + 7r – 6r – 42)
= - 2 [r(r + 7) – 6(r + 7)]
= - 2 (r – 6) ( r + 7)
= 2 ( 6 – r )( r + 7)
Question 24: Factorise
(i) 2x3 -3x2 -17x + 30
(ii) x3 -6x2 + 11 x – 6
(iii) x3 + x2 – 4x – 4
(iv) 3x3 – x2 – 3x +1

Answer: (i) Let p(x) = 2x3 -3x2 -17x + 30

Constant term p(x) = 30
Therefore, factors of 30 are ±1, ±2, ±3, ±5, ±6, ±10, ±15, ±30
By trial, we find that p(2) = 0
so, (x – 2) is a factor of p(x).
Now, we see that 2x3 – 3x2 – 17x + 30
= 2x2 – 4x2 + x2 – 2x – 15x + 30
= 2x2(x – 2) + x(x – 2) – 15(x – 2)
= (x – 2)(2x2 + x – 15)

Now, (2x2 + x – 15) can be factorised either by splitting the middle term or by using
the factor theorem.
Now, (2x2 + x – 15) = 2x2 + 6x – 5x – 15
= 2x(x + 3) – 5(x + 3)
= (x + 3)(2x – 5)

Therefore, 2x3 – 3x2 – 17x + 30 = (x – 2) (x + 3) ( 2x – 5)

(ii) Let p(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6

Constant term pf p(x) = -6
factors of -6 are ±1, ±2, ±3, ±6
By trial, we find that p(1) = 0, so (x – 1) is a factor of p(x).
Now, we see that,
x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6
= x3 – x2 – 5x2 + 5x + 6x – 6
= x2(x – 1) – 5x(x – 1) + 6(x – 1)
= (x – 1)(x2 – 5x + 6)

Now, (x2 – 5x + 6)
= x2 – 3x – 2x + 6
= x(x – 3) – 2(x – 3)
= (x – 3)(x – 2)
Therefore, x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 = (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3)

(iii) x3 + x2 – 4x – 4 = (x + 1)(x – 2)(x + 2)

(iv) 3x3 – x2 – 3x +1 = (x – 1)(x + 1)(3x – 1)

Question 25: Using suitable identity, evaluate the following

(i) 1033
(ii) 101 × 102
(iii) 9992
Answer: (i) 1033 = (100 + 3)3
= 1003 + 33 + 3× 100 × 3(100 + 3)
= 1000000 + 27 + 900
= 1092727

(ii) 101 × 102 = (100 + 1)(100 + 2)

= 1002 + 100 (1 + 2) + 1× 2
= 10000 + 300 + 2 = 10302

(iii) 9992 = (1000 – 1)2 [Now proceed by using identity (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab]

Question 26: Factorize the following:

(i) 4x2 + 20x + 25
(ii) 9y2 – 66yz + 121z2
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
(iii) (𝟐𝒙 + ) − (𝒙 − )
𝟑 𝟐

Answer: (i) proceed by using identity a 2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

(ii) proceed by using identity a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2

1 2 1 2
(iii) (2𝑥 + 3) − (𝑥 − 2)
1 1 1 1
= [(2𝑥 + 3) − (𝑥 − 2)] [(2𝑥 + 3) − (𝑥 − 2)]
1 1 1 1
= (2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3 + 2) (2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 3 − 2)
5 1
= (𝑥 + 6) (3𝑥 − 6)

Question 27: Factorize the following:

(i) 9x2 – 12x + 3
(ii) 9x2 – 12xy + 4

Answer: (i) 9x2 – 12x + 3

= 3(3x2 – 4x +1) [Split the middle term]
(ii) 9x2 – 12xy + 4
= (3x)2 – 2 × 3𝑥 × 2 + 22
= (3x – 2)2
= (3x – 2)(3x – 2)

Question 28: Expand the following

(i) (4a-b + 2c)2

(ii) (3a – 5b – c)2
(iii) (-x + 2y-3z)2

Answer: (i) [using identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca]

(ii) [using identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca]
(iii) [using identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca]

Exercise 2.4 (Long Answer type question)

Question 1: If the polynomials az3 +4z2 + 3z-4 and z3 -4z + o leave the same
remainder when divided by z – 3, find the value of a.

Answer: Let p (z) = az +4z + 3z-4 and p (z) = z -4z + 0

When we divide p(z) by z – 3, then we get the remainder p(3).
Now, p(3) = a(3)3 + 4(3)2 + 3(3) – 4 = 27a+ 36+ 9-4= 27a+ 41 When we divide p (z)
by z – 3 then we get the remainder p(3).

Now, p (3) = (3) -4(3)+a = 27-12 + a = 15+a

According to the question, both the remainders are same.
p (3)= p (3)
or, 27a + 41 = 15 + a
or, 27a - a = 15 – 41 .
or, 26a = 26 a = -1

Question 2: The polynomial p{x) = x4 -2x3 + 3x2 – ax + 3a – 7 when divided by

x+1 leaves the remainder 19. Find the values of a. Also, find the remainder
when p(x) is divided by x+ 2.

Answer: Given, p(x) = x4 -2x3 + 3x2 – ax + 3a – 7

When we divide p(x) by x + 1, then we get the remainder p(-1)
Now, p(-1) = (-1)4 – 2 (-1)3 + 3(-1)2 – a(-1) + 3(-1) – 7
According, to the question, p(-1) = 19
or, 4a – 1 = 19
or, 4a = 20
or, a = 5

Required polynomial = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 3(5) – 7

= x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 15 – 7
= x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 8

When we divide p(x) by x + 2, then we get the remainder p(-2)

Now, p(-2) = (-2)4 – 2(-2)3 +3(-2) – 5(-2) + 8
= 16 + 16 + 12 + 10 + 8 = 62

Hence, the value of a is 5 and remainder is 62.

Question 3: If both x – 2 and x -(1/2) are factors of px + 5x + r, then show that p = r.

Answer: let f(x) = px2 + 5x + r

Since, x – 2 is factor of f(x), then f(2) = 0
therefore, p(2)2 + 5(2) + r = 0
or, 4p + 10 + r = 0 ……………………………………………………(1)
1 1
Since, x - 2 is a factor of f(x), then f(2) = 0
1 2 1
Therefore, p(2) + 5 (2) + 𝑟 = 0
or, p + 10 + 4r = 0 ……………………………………………………………..(2)

1
Since, x – 2 and x - 2 are factors of f(x) = px2 + 5x + r
From eq(1) and (2),
4p + 10 + r = p + 10 + 4r
or, 3p = 3r
hence, p = r

Question 4: Without actual division, prove that 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x+ 2 is divisible by x2-
3x+2

Answer: Let p(x) = 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x+ 2 firstly, factorise x2-3x+2

Now, x2 -3x + 2 = x - 2x – x + 2 [by splitting middle term]
= x(x – 2) -1(x – 2)
= (x – 1)(x – 2)
Hence, 0 of x2 - 3x + 2 are l and 2.
We have to prove that, 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x+ 2 is divisible by x2 – 3x + 2 i.e., to prove that,
p (1) =0 and p(2) =0

Now, p(1) = 2(1)4 – 5(1)3 + 2(1)2 -1 + 2 = 2 – 5 + 2 – 1 + 2 = 6 – 6 =0

and p(2) = 2(2)4 – 5(2)3 + 2(2)2 – 2 + 2 = 32 – 40 + 8 = 40 – 40 =0

Hence, p(x) is divisible by x2 - 3x + 2.

Question 5: Simplify (2x- 5y)3 – (2x+ 5y)3 .

Answer: (2x -5y)3 – (2x + 5y)3

= [(2x)3 – (5y)3 – 3(2x)(5y)(2x – 5y)] -[(2x)3 + (5y)3 + 3(2x)(5y)(2x+5y)]

[using identity, (a – b) = a -b – 3ab and (a + b) =a +b + 3ab ]

(2x)3 – (5y)3 – 30xy(2x – 5y) – (2x)3 – (5y)3 – 30xy (2x + 5y)
= -2 (5y)3 – 30xy(2x – 5y + 2x + 5y)
= -2 x 125y3 – 30xy(4x)
= -250y3 -120x2 y