www.EshoSikhi.

com

Exclusive DU
Suggestion 2017
Only 15 Days Preparation

Prepared By:
এস োশিশি ডট কম
&
EPP (Admission Coaching)
বিজ্ঞান বিভাগের ছাত্রছাত্রীগের বিশ্ববিেযালয় ভবতি
প্রস্তুবতর জনয অপ্রবতেন্দী...
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

MwYZ
g¨vwUª· I wbY©vqK

g¨vwUª·

Type-1

e¨vwZµgx g¨vwUª· ( Singular Matrix ) t †h eM©vKvi g¨vwUª‡·i Gi gvb k~Y¨ Zv‡K e¨vwZµgx g¨vwUª· e‡j|
4   2
Ex :-  hw` g¨vwUª·wU Singular Matrix n‡j   ?
2 3 
4   2 4   2
mgvavb :   g¨vwUª·wU †h‡nZz singular    0 ev, 12  2  4  0 ev,   8
3 
Ans
2 3  2
Inverse matrix:
a b  1 1  d  b
A  n‡j, A 
c d  ad  bc  c a 
1 2
Ex :- hw` A    nq Z‡e A1  ?
3 4
1  4  2 1  4  2
A1     
2  3 1 
mgvavb : Dc‡ii wbqg Abyhvqx ,
4  6  3 1 

Type-2: `yBwU Matrix Gi ¸Y

5 46 4 7 5
Question: A  7 10 9 B= 3 9 1 n‡j AB  ?
2 13 1 11 6 3
 98 107 47  89 107 47   98 107 47   98 170 47
a) 157 193 72 
  b) 57 193 72  c) 157 93 27 
  d ) 157 185 70
 58 137 26  58 137 66   58 137 26  58 137 26
mgvavb :
G‡¶‡Î A Gi mv‡_ B ¸Y K‡i me¸‡jv Dcv`v‡bi gvb †ei Kiv mgq mv‡c¶| ZvB me¸‡jv Dcv`vb †ei K‡i mgq bó bv K‡i `yB/wZbwU Dcv`vb †ei
Ki‡jB DËi eySv hv‡e|
   
g‡b Kwi AB Gi gvb-    
 
  O 
‡Mvj wPwýZ ¯’v‡bi Dcv`vbwUi gvb †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| †h‡nZz †Mvj wPwýZ ¯’vbwU wZb b¤^i mvwi‡Z wZb b¤^i Kjv‡g Aew¯’Z| myZivs A g¨vwUª‡·i wZb b¤^i
mvwii mv‡_ B g¨vwUª‡·i wZb b¤^i Kjvg ¸Y Ki‡jB †Mvj wPwýZ ¯’v‡bi Dcv`vbwUi gvb cvIqv hv‡e|
 ‡Mvj wPwýZ ¯’v‡bi gvb = (5  2)  (13 1) + (3  1) = 26
Abyiæcfv‡e AB g¨vwUª‡·i `yB b¤^i mvwii wZb b¤^i Kjv‡gi gvb n‡e-(7  5) + (10  1) + (9 3)= 72

   
 AB    72 
  26
GiKgfv‡e `yB/wZbwU Dcv`v‡bi gvb †ei Ki‡jB DËi eySv hv‡e| myZivs DËi : a
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

সাজেশনটি বই আকাজে কুটেয়াজেে মাধ্যজম পেজে আমাজেে পেসবুক

পেজে ( https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd ) মযাজসে
করুন অথবা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১

মূ লযঃ ৩৮০ িাকা (জেটলভাটে চােজ সহ)

পেটলভাটে িাইমঃ ৩ টেন

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Note : MS wmwi‡Ri Calculator hvi e¨envi Ki Zv‡`i Rb¨ Dc‡iv³ wbqg AbymiY Kiv DwPZ| KviY wmwi‡R Matrix Gi AsK Kiv †ek RwUj|
ES wmwiR hviv e¨envi Kiv Zviv Calculator w`‡q mivmwi gvb ‡ei Ki‡j Amyweav †bB|

wbY©vqK

Type-1
xy x y
Question 1: x xz z ? A) 4xyz B) 3xyz C) x  y  z D) 4 x 2 y 2 z 2
y z yz
3 1 2
mgvavb : x  1, y  2, z  3 ewm‡q cÖ`Ë wbY©vqKwU nq : 1 4 3
2 3 5
Dc‡iv³ wbY©vqKwUi gvb cvIqv hvq : 24
‡h‡nZz 4xyz  24 (x  1, y  2, z  3) †m‡nZz 4xyz cÖ`Ë wbY©vqKwUi DËi DËi : A

Type-2
 Abyivwk t wbY©vq‡Ki †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Abyivwk ej‡Z †evSvq Dcv`vbwU †h mvwi Ges Kjv‡g Aew¯’Z Zv‡`i‡K ev` w`‡q evwK‡`i wb‡q MwVZ wbY©vqK|
 mn¸YK t r Zg mvwi Ges c Zg Kjv‡g Aew¯’Z Dcv`v‡bi mn¸bK =(-1) r  c × H Dcv`v‡bi Abyivwk
 1 2 3
Question1:  4 5 6
n‡j 5 Gi Abyivwk KZ? A)  12 B) 12 C) 0 D) 24

 7  8 9
mgvavb : 5 Dcv`v‡bi 2q Kjvg I 2q mvwi‡Z Aew¯’Z e‡j, 2q mvwi I 2q Kjvg ev` w`‡q evKx‡`i Øviv MwVZ wbY©vqK|
 Abyivwk = 1 3  9  21  12 Ans
7 9
 
1 2 3
Question2:  4 5 6  wbY©vq‡K 6 Gi mn¸YK KZ?
 
7 8 9 
 
mgvavb : 6 Dcv`vbwUi Abyivwk = 1 2 
7 8 
GLb 6 Dcv`vbwUi mn¸bK =(-1) r  c × H Dcv`v‡bi Abyivwk
1 2  1 2    1  2 
 (1) 2  3      7 8    7
 7 8     8 
GLv‡b, r  2 , c  3 †Kbbv 6 Dcv`vbwU 2q mvwi Ges 3q Kjv‡g Aew¯’Z|

mij‡iLv

¯’vbvsK- m~Îmg~n
1| Kv‡Z©mxq I †cvjvi ¯’vbvsK t
‡Kvb we›`yi Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvsK‡K (x, y ) Ges †cvjvi ¯’vbvsK‡K (r,  ) Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
x
(i ) Kv‡Z©mxq †_‡K †cvjv‡i cwieZ©b t θ  tan -1
; r  x2  y2
y

(ii)†cvjvi †_‡K Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbvsK cwieZ©b t x  rcos θ y  rsinθ

2| `yB we›`yi `yi‡Z¡i m~Î t
(i ) P(x1 , y1 ) Ges Q(x 2 , y 2 ) n‡j PQ  (x 1  x 2 ) 2  (y1  y 2 ) 2
3| wefw³KiY /wefvRb m~Î t
‡Kvb †iLv †Kvb cÖ`Ë we›`y‡Z wØ-wef³ n‡j Ges AbycvZ Unknown _vK‡j k :1 ai‡j AsK mnR n‡e|
m x  m 2 x1 m y  m 2 y1
(K) AšÍwe©f³ t (i ) m1 : m 2 Abycv‡Z x 1 2 ,y 1 2
m1  m 2 m1  m 2
kx 2  x 1 ky 2  y1 x - x1 y - y1
(ii) k : 1 Abycv‡Z, x  ,y k  
k 1 k 1 x 2  x y2  y

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

m1 x 2  m 2 x 1 m y  m 2 y1
(L) ewnwe©f³ t (i ) m1 : m 2 Abycv‡Z x ,y 1 2
m1  m 2 m1  m 2

kx 2  x 1 ky 2  y1 x1  x y1  y
(ii) k :1 Abycv‡Z, x ,y k  
k 1 k 1 x2  x y 2  y
4| wÎfyR msµvšÍ m~Î t ABC Gi wZbwU kxl© we›`y A(x 1 , y1 ), B(x 2 , y 2 ), C(x 3 , y 3 ) †`qv _vK‡j,
(i ) fi‡K›`ª, G   1 ( x1  x 2  x3 ); 1 ( y1  y 2  y3 )  A
3 3  (x1, y1)

c b
x1 y1 1
1 (x2, y2)B C(x3, y3)
(ii) ‡¶Îdj x2 y2 1 a
2
x3 y3 1 Important Types

Type-
1
Question 1: y A¶‡iLv I (3, 5) we›`y n‡Z k ,9  we›`yi `~iZ¡ mgvb n‡j k Gi gvb KZ?
K) 3 L) 25 M) 7 N) 1
5 6 12 2
mgvavb t y A¶ †iLv n‡Z k ,9  we›`yi `~iZ¡= k
 k 3  k 2  5  92  k  9  6k  k  16  6k  25
2 2
 k  25
6
Question 2: x A‡¶i Dci Aew¯’Z p we›`y n‡Z A0,2 Ges B6,4 we›`y `yBwU mg`~ieZx© n‡j p we›`yi ¯’vbvsK KZ?
K) 0,5 L) 2,1 M) 3,2 N) 4,0 
mgvavb t awi, p we›`ywUi ¯’vbvsK x1,0
 x1  02  0  22 = x1  62  0  42
 x12  4  x12  12 x1  36  16
 x1  4  ¯’vbvsK (4, 0)
Type-2

Question: (1, 4) Ges (9,12) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvMKvix †iLvsk AšÍ:¯’fv‡e ‡h we›`y‡Z 5 : 3 Abycv‡Z wef³ nq Zvi ¯’vbv¼?
a) (6, -6) b) (3, 5) c) (2, 1) d) (-6, 5)
5  9  3  1 48 5  (12)  3  4  48
mgvavb : we›`y (x, y) n‡j, x  = 6 y   6 wb‡Y©q we›`y (6, - 6)
53 8 53 8

Type-3

 
2 2 2
  
Question 1: 2, 3  3, 7 I x, 9 we›`y wZbwU GKB mij †iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z n‡j x  ?
mgvavb t wZbwU we›`y GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z n‡j G‡`i Øviv MwVZ wÎf~‡Ri †ÿÎdj k~b¨|
3
2 1
2 5 5 0
1 7 1 3 x 8 0  0
myZivs, 3  1 0 ev, 2
2 2 x 9 1
9 2
x 1
2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

ev, 1  40  15  5x   0 ev, 5 x  25  0  x  5
2
Question 1: Ax, y , B2,4 Ges C  3,3 we›`y Øviv Drcbœ wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj 9 eM© GKK n‡j bx‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨Ñ
K) x  0 L) x  5 y  18  0 M) x  5 y  9  0 N) x  5 y  0
x y 1
mgvavb t = 1 2 4 1  9  1 x4  3  y2  3  6  12  9 
2 3 3 1 2

x  5 y  18  18  x  5 y  0
mij‡iLv

m~Îmg~n
wewfbœ ai‡Yi mij‡iLvi mgxKiY:
i  Xvj-g~j †iLv : GKwU mij‡iLv g~jwe›`yMvgx Ges Gi Xvj m; Z‡e mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY n‡e y  mx.
ii  Xvj-‡Q` †iLv : GKwU mij‡iLvi Xvj m Ges y Gi †Q`K Ask c; Z‡e mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY y  mx  c.
iii  Xvj-we›`y †iLv : GKwU mij‡iLvi m Ges †iLvwU x1, y1  we›`yMvgx, Z‡e †iLvwUi mgxKiY n‡e y  y1  mx  x1  .
iv wØ-‡Q`K †iLv : GKwU mij‡iLv x Ges y A‡¶i †Q`K Ask h_vµ‡g a Ges b n‡j †iLvwUi mgxKiY n‡e ax  by  1.
v  j¤^‡KvY †iLv : g~jwe›`y n‡Z GKwU mij‡iLvi Dci AswKZ j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ p Ges x A‡¶i mv‡_ j‡¤^i bwZ  ; Z‡e mij‡iLvwUi
mgxKiY n‡e x cos  y sin   p.

AšÍfy©³ †KvY, mgvšÍivj I j¤^ †iLv :

m1  m2
i  `yBwU †iLvi AšÍfy©³ †KvY: tan   
1  m1m2
ii  m1  m2 ev,
a1 a2

b1 b2
n‡j   0 A_©vr †iLvØq mgvšÍivj

iii  m1m2  1 ev, a1a2  b1b2  0 n‡j   900 A_©vr †iLvØq j¤^|
iv wZbwU mij‡iLv a1x  b1 y  c1  0 . a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 Ges a3 x  b3 y  c3  0 mgwe›`y nevi kZ©:
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 =0
a3 b2 c3
`~iZ¡, mgwØLÛK, †iLv I †Kv‡Yi mv‡c‡¶ we›`y :
ax1  by1  c
ii  j¤^ `~iZ¡ : ax  by  c  0 mij‡iLv n‡Z px1 , y1  we›`yi `~iZ¡, d
a2  b2
iii  mgvšÍivj †iLv؇qi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ : mgvšÍivj †iLvØq ax  by  c1  0 Ges ax  by  c2  0 Gi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡,
c c
d 1 2
a2  b2
Technics
mij‡iLv Aa¨v‡qi AsK¸‡jv g~j wbq‡g bv K‡i hw` Avgiv wKQz Technic Aej¤^b Kwi Zvn‡j Lye mn‡RB Ges Kg mg‡q Answer Ki‡Z cviv
hvq|wb‡gœ wKQz Technic Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :

Technic-1 : we›`y w`‡q wm× K‡i

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Question : GKwU mij‡iLv (2, 6) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges †iLvwUi Øviv A¶ `yBwUi LwÛZ As‡ki mgwó 15, Zvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
A) 2x + y = 10 B) x + 2y = 10 C) 2x – y = 10 D) x + y = 10
mgvavb : Option test K‡i DËi †ei Kiv hv‡e|
‡h‡nZz mij‡iLvwU (2, 6) we›`y w`‡q hvq, PviwU Option Gi g‡a¨ ‡hwU (2, 6) w`‡q wm× n‡e †mwUB DËi
 Option a, (2, 6) w`‡q wm× nq|  DËi : a

Technic-2 : Option †_‡K Xvj test

o K‡i
Question : GKwU mij‡iLv g~jwe›`y w`‡q hvq Ges x A‡¶i mv‡_ 30 †Kvb Drcbœ K‡i| Zvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
A) x  3y  0 B) 3x  y  0 C) x  2y  0 D) xy0
x Gi mnM
mgvavb : mij‡iLvi Xvj =   Option a, x - 3y  0 mij †iLvwUi Xvj= 
1 = 1
y Gi mnM  3 3
‡h‡nZz wb‡Y©q mij‡iLv x A‡¶i mv‡_ 30 †Kvb Drcbœ K‡i myZivs wb‡Y©q mij‡iLvi Xvj = tan 30  1 hv Option a Gi mv‡_ wg‡j hv‡e|
o
3
DËi : a
Technic-3

Quistion1: GKwU mij‡iLvi A¶ `yBwUi ga¨eZx© LwÛZ Ask (2, 3) we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÛZ nq| Zvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
a) 2x + 3y = 6 b) 3x + 2y = 12 c)4x + 5y = 12 d)3x – 2y = 6
mgvavb : †h‡nZz mij‡iLvwUi A¶ `yBwUi ga¨eZx© LwÛZ Ask (2, 3) we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÛZ nq myZivs (2, 3) we›`ywU wb‡Y©q mij‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z Ges
mij‡iLvwU (2,3) w`‡q wm× n‡e|
 Option b, (2, 3) w`‡q wm× nq| myZivs DËi : b
Question-2: (2, 3) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges 2x  3y  7 †iLvi Dci j¤^ Giæc mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : (2, -3) we›`y w`‡q Option ¸‡jv‡K wm× K‡i Ki‡Z n‡e|
Question-3: Ggb GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hv 7x  13y  87  0 I 5x  8y  7  0 †iLvwU `yBwUi †Q`we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges
A¶ `yBwU n‡Z mggv‡bi Ask †Q` K‡i|
A) x + y = 9 B) 2x + 3y = 9 C)2x – y = 9 D)2x + y = 0
mgvavb : 7x  13y  87  0 I 5x  8y  7  0 ‡iLv `yBwUi †Q`we›`y  (5,4)
Calculator e¨envi K‡i `yBwU mij‡iLvi †Q`we›`y wbY©q Kiv hvq|
 ‡h‡nZz wb‡Y©q mij‡iLvwU Dc‡iv³ †iLv `yBwUi †Q`we›`y (5, 4) w`‡q hvq myZivs †h Option wU (5, 4) w`‡q wm× n‡e †mwUB DËi|

DËi : a
Technic-4 : ga¨ we›`y wbY©q
K‡i
Question : (5,7) I (3,1) we›`y `yBwUi ms‡hvMKvix mij‡iLvi j¤^ mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
A) y – 3 = k + 1 B) y + 1 = x – 3
C) y + 3 = x – 1 D) y – 1 = x – 3
mgvavb : j¶ Ki j¤^mgwØLÛK mij‡iLvwU Aek¨B (5,7) I (3,1) we›`y؇qi ga¨we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|
 
 (5,7) I (3,1) we›`y؇qi ga¨we›`y   5  3 , 7  1   1,3 Option a, (1,3) w`‡q wm× nq| myZivs DËi : a
2 2

Technic-5 : `yBwU mij‡iLvi AšÍf©y³ †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY

wbY©q
Question : 3x  4y  2 I 4x  3y  1  0 †iLv `yBwUi AšÍf©y³ †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
A) 16x  48y  23  0 B) 7x  7 y  1  0 C) 16x  48y  23  0 D) 23x  16y  48  0
mgvavb: `yBwU †Kv‡Yi AšÍf©y³ mgwØLÛK Aek¨B D³ †iLv `yBwUi †Q`we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Calculator Gi gva¨‡g  
3x  4y  2 I 4x  3y  1  0 †iLv `yBwUi †Q`we›`y  2 7 ,  5 7 wbY©q Kiv hvq|
myZivs  10 7 ,  117  w`‡q †h Option wU wm× n‡e †mwUB DËi| DËi : b

Important Questions

Question1: y  3x  7 Ges 3y  x  8 mij‡iLv؇qi AšÍf©y³ m~²‡KvY-

a) tan 1 (1) b) 
tan 1 1
2
3 
c) tan 1 4 d) tan 1 3
4
 Ans. c
m1m2
mgvavb : tan   
1  m1m2

m~²‡KvY n‡j (+) Ges GLv‡b m1  3.m 2  1 Avgiv cvB, tan  

3
3 1
3 4 
a  3. 1 3
  tan 1 4
3

3
Question2: y  1  1 eµ‡iLv x A¶‡K A we›`y‡Z Ges y- A¶‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j AB mij‡iLvi mgxKiY n‡e-
2x
a) x  2y  3  0 b) x  2y  3  0 c) 2x  y  3  0 d) x  6y  3  0
1 ev, x  3
mgvavb :x A‡¶i †Q` we›`y ¯’vbvsK y = 0 emv‡j cvB  0  1 
2x
 A  (3,0) Ges y -A‡¶i †Q` we›`yi ¯’vbvsK x = 0 emv‡j cvB y  1  1  3  B  0, 3
20 2 2
 
2
 
myZivs A(3, 0) I B 0, 3 we›`yMvgx †iLvi mgxKiY x  3 
y0
30 0 3
 x  2y  3  0 Ans. A
2
Question3:  m~²‡KvY n‡j xcos  + ysin = 4 Ges 4x  3y  5 mgvšÍivj †iLv؇qi `~iZ¡
a) -1 unit b) 3 units c)1 units d)9 units
mgvavb :GLv‡b xcos  + ysin = 4..............(1)
 y  ( cot )x  4  (1) ‡iLvi Xvj = - cot  Ges 4x  3y  5 .............(2)
sin 
y4x 5  (2) †iLvi Xvj =  4
3 3 3
 (1) Ges (2) mgvšÍivj cot    tan    sin   3 Ges GLb (1)  4x  3y  20..............(3)
4 3
3 4 5
c1  c 2
GLb (2) Ges (3) Gi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ =  20  5  3 units Ans. b
a b
2 2 5
Question4: mij †iLv 3x  4y  12  0 Øviv A¶Ø‡qi ga¨eZx© LwÛZ As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ :
a) 7 b) 5 c) 9 d) 8
y
mgvavb : 3x  4y  12  0  3x  4 y  12  x   1 myZivs ga¨eZx© LwÛZ As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ = (42  32 )  5
4 3
Question5: (4,2) we›`y ‡_‡K 5x  12y  3 †iLvi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤^i ‰`N©¨ =?
a) 8 b) 8 c) 3 d) 7
9 7 13
5(4)  12(2)  3
mgvavb: (4, -2) we›`y ‡_‡K 5x  12y  3 †iLvi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ = 7
(5  12 )
2 2 13
Question6: 2x  5y  10  0 Øviv wb‡`©wkZ mij‡iLv Ges A¶‡iLv Øviv †ewóZ wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj KZ?
a) 10 eM© GKK b)2 eM© GKK c)20 eM© GKK d) 5eM© GKK

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
mgvavb: 2x  5y  10  0 y
y y B
 x  1 x  1
5 2 5 2
GLb †iLvwU‡K wPÎvwqZ Ki‡j `uvovq, 2 y
y
 O -5
OAB wÎfy‡Ri †¶Îdj   5  2 (GLv‡b - 5 bv wb‡q ïay gvb †bqv n‡q‡Q|) = 5 eM© GKK
1
2
Question7:(5,7) I (3,1) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvMKvix †iLvs‡ki j¤^wØLÛK †iLvi mgxKiY wK?
a) y  3  x  1 b) y  1  x  3 c) y  3  x  1 d) y 1  x  3
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë we›`y؇qi ms‡hvMKvix †iLvs‡ki Xvj = 7  1  8  1 j¤^ mgwØLÛK ‡iLvi Xvj = 1 [ m1  m2  1]
53 8
cÖ`Ë we›`y؇qi ga¨we›`y = 
 5
2
 3 , 7 
2
1 
 (1,3)
 wb‡Y©q j¤^ mgwØLÛK †iLv (-1, 3) we›`yMvgx hvi Xvj 1| AZGe wb‡Y©q †iLvi mgxKiY,
( y  y1 )  m(x  x1 )  ( y  3)  1(x  1) AZGe a I d Df‡qB DËi|
Question8: (1, -1) we›`y w`‡q hvq 2x  3y  6  0 Ges †iLvi Dci j¤^ nq Ggb mij †iLvi mgxKiY :
a) 3x  2y  1 b) 2x  3y  1 c) 3x  3y  1 d)  3x  2y  1
mgvavb : 2x  3y  6  0 ‡iLvi Dci j¤^ ‡iLvi mgxKib, 3x  2y  k  0...............(i)
GLb (1,-1) we›`y w`‡q ( i ) †K wm× Ki‡j cvB, 3.1  2(1)  k  0  k  1
 ‡iLvwUi mgxKiY 3x  2y  1  0  3x  2y  1
o
Question9: g~jwe›`y n‡Z †Kvb mij †iLvi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ 4 GKK Ges Dnv X A‡¶i †hvM w`‡Ki mv‡_ 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| mij‡iLvi
mgxKiY =?
A) 3x  y  8 B) 3y  x  8 C) 3x  y  8 D) None of these

mgvavb : x cos   y sin   P  x cos 30o  y sin 30o  4  x 3  y 1  4 3x  y  8 (Ans.)

2 2
e„Ë

m~Îmg~n

e„‡Ëi mgxKi‡Yi kZ© t

2
(i) xy hy³ †Kvb c` _vK‡e bv| (ii) x I y 2 Gi mnM mgvb Ges mgwPý wewkó n‡e|
e„‡Ëi Av`k© mgxKiY t x  y  2gx  2gy  c  0
2 2

(i) ‡K›`ª (g,f )

(ii) e¨vmva© = g2  f 2  c
(iii) e„Ë Øviv x A‡¶i KwZ©Z As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ = 2 g 2  c
(iv) e„Ë Øviv y A‡¶i KwZ©Z As‡ki ‰`N©¨ = 2 f 2  c
(v) e„Ë x A¶‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j, g  c
2

(vi) e„Ë y A¶‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j, f  c

2

 x1 , y1  we›`y x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 e„‡Ëi-

(i) evB‡i n‡j, x12  y12  2gx1  2 fy1  c  0

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

(ii) wfZ‡i n‡j, x12  y12  2 gx1  2 fy1  c  0

(iii) cwiwa‡Z n‡j, x12  y12  2gx1  2 fy1  c  0

Technic
s
Dc‡iv³ m~θ‡jv e¨envi K‡i Option hvPvB K‡i mn‡RB mwVK DËiwU wbe©vPb Kiv hvq| wb‡gœ we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :

Technic-1: Option †_‡K †K›`ª wbY©q K‡i

Question: Ggb GKwU e„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi †K›`ª (  4,3 ) Ges e¨vmva© 5
A) x  y  8x  10 y  0 B) x  y  8x  6 y  0
2 2 2 2

C) x 2  y2  6x  8y  0 D) x  y  8x  6 y  1  0
2 2

Solve : Option b I Option d `yBwU †¶‡ÎB e„‡Ëi ‡K›`ª (4,3)

wKš‘ Option B, Gi e¨vmva© 42  32  0  5  DËi : B
Note: e„‡Ëi mgxKi‡Yi x I y Gi mnM‡K - 2 w`‡q fvM K‡i mn‡RB e„‡Ëi †K›`ª wbY©q Kiv hvq|

Technic-2: Option †_‡K †K›`ª wbY©q K‡i I we›`y w`‡q wm× K‡i

Question: Ggb GKwU e„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi †K›`ª (9, 4) Ges (1, - 2) we›`y w`‡q hvq|
A) x  y  8x  8y  3  0 B) x  y  18x  8 y  3  0
2 2 2 2

C) x 2  y 2  18x  8y  10  0 D) x  y  8x  18 y  3  0
2 2

mgvavb : j¶¨ Ki Option B I Option C Gi †K›`ª (9, 4).

 Option B A_ev Option C DËi n‡Z cv‡i
 wKš‘ †h‡nZz wb‡Y©q e„ËwU (1,2) we›`y w`‡q hvq †m‡nZz mwVK DËiwU (1,-2) we›`y w`‡q wm× n‡e|
 Option B, (1, -2) we›`y w`‡q wm× nq  DËi : b

Technic-3: †K›`ª / g  c / f  c BZ¨vw` wbY©q K‡i

2 2

†K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK (1, - 3) Ges x A¶‡K ¯úk© K‡i Giæc e„‡Ëi mgxKiY †KvbwU?
A) x  y  2 x  6 y  1  0 B) x  y  2 x  6 y  2  0
2 2 2 2

C) x  y  6x  2 y  1  0 D) x  y  10 x  2 y  25  0
2 2 2 2

mgvavb : j¶¨ Ki, Option A, Option B Gi †K›`ª (1, - 3)

 wKš‘ Option B †Z g  C ; myZivs e„ËwU x A¶‡K ¯úk© K‡i bv|
2

 Option A, †Z g  c; myZivs e„ËwU x A¶‡K ¯úk© K‡i

2
 DËi : a

Technic-4

Question: (4,3) I (12,1) we›`y `yBwUi ms‡hvMKvix mij‡iLv‡K e¨vm a‡i AswKZ e„‡Ëi mgxKiY †KvbwU?
A) x  y  8x  2 y  51  0 B) x  y  8x  6 y  51  0
2 2 2 2

C) x 2  y 2  8x  7 y  15  0 D) ‡KvbwUB bq

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
mgvavb :
 (4,3) I (12,1) we›`y `yBwU ms‡hvMKvix mij‡iLv †h‡nZz e¨vm| myZivs we›`y `yBwUi ga¨we›`y n‡”Q †K›`ª|
 
 ga¨we›`y   4  12 , 3  1  (4,1) n‡”Q wb‡Y©q e„‡Ëi †K›`ª|
2 2
 ‡h‡nZz Option A, e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (4, 1)  DËi : A
Important note : Dc‡ii wbqg¸‡jv AbymiY K‡i A_ev GB Aa¨v‡qi m~θ‡jv Øviv Option test K‡i cÖvq me AsKB mgvavb Kiv hvq|

Important
Questions
Question1: ax2  by 2  a  b  4xy  ax  by  20  0 mgxKiYwU GKwU e„Ë cÖKvk Ki‡j Gi e¨vmva© KZ?
21 42
A) B) C) 2 21 D) 22
2 2
2
mgvavb: †h‡nZz mgxKiYwU GKwU e„Ë cÖKvk K‡i †m‡nZz x Ges y 2 Gi mnMØq mgvb n‡e, A_©vr a  b n‡e Ges xy Gi mnM k~b¨ n‡e, A_©vr
ab  4  a b  2

myZivs e„ËwUi mgxKiY n‡e- x  y  x  y  10  0

2 2
e¨vmva©= 12   12   10 
2 2
42 .
2
D: B

Question2: k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ ( x  y  3)  (kx  2)(y  1)  0 mgxKiYwU GKwU e„Ë wb‡`©k K‡i?
2

a) 2 b) 1 c) -2 d) -1
mgvavb : ( x  y  3)  (kx  2)( y  1)  0
2

 x  y  9  2xy  6 y  6x  kxy  2 y  kx  2  0  x  y  (kxy  2xy)  (6  k ) x  4 y  7  0

2 2 2 2

GLb Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi mgxKi‡Y †Kvb xy hy³ c` _vK‡e bv| ZvB (kxy  2xy)  0  xy(k  2)  0  k  2
Question3: 3x  2y  k  0 ‡iLvwU x  y  8x  2 y  4  0 e„ˇK ¯úk© Ki‡j k Gi gvb
2 2

a) 1 b) 27 c)5 d) -1
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (g,f )  (4,1) Ges C  4 e¨vmva©  g 2  f 2  c  16  1  4  13
†h‡nZz †iLvwU e„ˇK ¯úk© K‡i ZvB e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K †iLvwUi j¤^ `~iZ¡ e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb n‡e|

 3  4  2  1  k  13  14  k  13  k  1 A_ev k = - 27  Ans. d
32  22
Question4: x  y  5x  0 x  y  3x  0 e„Ë؇qi †K‡›`ªi `~iZ¡
2 2 2 2

a) 4 units b) 1 units c) 34 units d) 2 units

mgvavb : x  y  5x  0 e„‡Ëi †K›`ª
2 2
(5 / 2,0) x 2  y 2  3x  0 e„‡Ëi †K›`ª  3 ,0 2 
 e„‡Ëi †K›`ª ؇qi `~iZ¡  52  32   (0  0)
2
2
4 Ans. A

web¨vm I mgv‡ek

Type-1 : exRMvwYwZK

G ai‡bi AsK¸‡jv Manually Kivi †P‡q Calculator e¨envi K‡i mgq evPv‡bv hvq| Answer choice Gi †hUvi Rb¨ Wvbc¶ Ges mgvb
n‡q hv‡e ZvB n‡e DËi|
D`vniY-1 :
n
p4  6n p3 n‡j n Gi gvb- A)8 B)7 C)9 D)6 DËi : c, KviY,
9
c4  6 9 c3

Type-2 : kã MVb m¤úwK©Z AsK

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Question1: Logarithm kãwUi me¸wj A¶i GKm‡½ wb‡q KZfv‡e web¨vm Kiv hvq?
mgvavb : Logarithm kãwU‡Z 9wU wewfbœ A¶i Av‡Q| 9wU A¶i †_‡K me¸wj wb‡q web¨vm msL¨v n‡e = 9 P9  9! 362880
Question2: Mississippi kãwUi me¸wj A¶i GKm‡½ jBqv †gvU KZ¸wj web¨vm cvIqv hv‡e?
mgvavb : Mississppi kãwU‡Z †gvU 11wU A¶i Av‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ 4wU s, 4wU i, 2wU p Av‡Q Ges Aewkó 1wU ¯^Zš¿|
 wb‡Y©q web¨vm msL¨v = 11!  34650
4!4!2!
Question 3: SCIENCE kãwUi ¯^ieY©¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î †i‡L me KqwU eY©‡K m¤¢ve¨ hZ Dcv‡q mvRv‡bv hv‡e, Zvi msL¨v KZ?
mgvavb t SCIENCE kãwU 3wU ¯^ieY© hvi 2wU E Ges 4wU e¨ÄbeY© i‡q‡Q hvi 2wU c myZivs ¯^ieY© 3wU †K 1wU a‡i †gvU web¨vm = 5!
2!
¯^ieY© ¸‡jv‡K wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ web¨vm = 3! AZGe, †gvU web¨vm = 5!  3!  180
2! 2! 2!
Question 4: SCIENCE kãwUi ¯^ieY©¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î bv †i‡L meKqwU eY©‡K m¤¢ve¨ hZ Dcv‡q mvRv‡bv hv‡e?
7!  5! 3! 
mgvavb t Answere = Total mvRv‡bv msL¨v  GK‡Î †i‡L mvRv‡bvi msL¨v =   
2! 2!  2! 2! 
Question 5: ‡Kvb ¯^ie‡Y©i Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b bv K‡i Director kãwUi eY©¸wj‡K KZfv‡e mvRv‡bv hvq?
mgvavb : Director kãwU‡Z wZbwU ¯^ieY© I, E, O †K wbR wbR ¯’v‡b †i‡L evKx 5wU eY©‡K mvRv‡bv hvq = 5!  60 fv‡e|
2!
[2! w`‡q fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, KviY 2wU R Av‡Q]
Question 6: e¨ÄbeY©¸‡jv †Kej we‡Rvo ¯’v‡b †i‡L Equation kãwUi eY©¸‡jv‡K †gvU KZ Dcv‡q mvRv‡bv hvq?
4
mgvavb t G‡¶‡Î 4wU Ae¯’vb we‡Rvo (1g, 3q, 5g, 7g) GLb 3wU e¨ÄbeY©‡K 4wU we‡Rvo ¯’v‡b mvRv‡bvi Dcvq p3 Ges evKx 5wU ¯’v‡b 5wU ¯^ieY©
mvRv‡bvi Dcvq = 5! AZGe, †gvU web¨vm = 4 p3  5! 2880
Question 7: Violent k‡ãi eY©¸wj‡K KZfv‡e cyY©web¨v‡m Kiv hvq ¯^ieY©¸wj µg cwieZ©b bv K‡i?
mgvavb : I, O, E ¯^ieY©¸wj µg cwieZ©b Ki‡e bv e‡j, G‡`i GK RvZxq eb© we‡ePbv K‡i web¨vm msL¨v = 7!  840
3!
AZGe c~Y©web¨vm msL¨v = (840  1)  839
Question 8: Calculus kãwUi eb©¸wji me¸‡jv GK‡Î wb‡q KZ cÖKv‡i mvRv‡bv hvq †hb cÖ_g I †k‡l u _v‡K ?
mgvavb : cÖ_g I †kl Aÿi u n‡j evKx gv‡Si 6 wU eY© Øviv c~Y© n‡e| ZvB wb‡Y©q web¨vm msL¨v = 6! | [ `ywU l I `ywU c Gi Kvi‡b `yBevi
2!2!
2! Øviv fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|]
Question 9: Calculus kãwUi eb©¸wji me¸‡jv GK‡Î wb‡q KZ cÖKv‡i mvRv‡bv hvq †hb cÖ_g c I †k‡l u _v‡K ?
mgvavb : cÖ_†g c I †k†l u n‡j evKx gv‡Si 6 wU eY© Øviv c~Y© n‡e| ZvB wb‡Y©q web¨vm msL¨v = 6! | [ `ywU l Gi Kvi‡b 2! Øviv fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|]
2!
Question 10: SCHOOL kãwU n‡Z wZbwU A¶i wb‡q c„_Kfv‡e mvRv‡bvi msL¨v?
mgvavb : SCHOOL kãwU‡Z †gvU 6wU A¶i Av‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 2wU O| Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡K wZbwU wfbœ wfbœ A¶i wb‡q mvRv‡bv hvq|
3! 6
a) `ywU 0 I Ab¨ GKwU eY© wb‡q C1   4   12
4

2! 2
p3  60
b)wZbwUB wfbœ eY© wb‡q :
5

 ‡gvU mvRv‡bv msL¨v = 12  60  72

Question 11: hw` TIME kãwUi A¶i¸wj‡K cyY©web¨vm Kiv nq Z‡e KZK¸‡jv web¨vm ¯^ieY© Øviv ïiæ nq?
mgvavb : I †K cÖ_‡g ivL‡j evKx 3 RvqMvq 3wU eY©‡K 3! Dcv‡q mvRv‡bv hvq| Avevi E mvg‡b _vK‡jŠ cybivq 3! Dcv‡q mvRv‡bv hvq|
 wb‡Y©q mvRv‡bv msL¨v = 3!  2 = 12.

Type- 3 : msL¨v MVb m¤úwK©Z AsK

D`vniY 1t (cÖ‡Z¨K AsK cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq †KejgvÎ GKevi gvÎ e¨eüZ n‡e )
1, 2, 4, 0, 5 AsK¸wj Øviv wZb As‡Ki KZ¸wj A_©cyY© msL¨v MVb Kiv hv‡e †hLv‡b-

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP


(i) cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq AsK¸wj GKevi gvÎ e¨eüZ n‡e| Ans: 5 p3 4 p3 
(ii) cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq AsK¸wj GKevi gvÎ e¨envi K‡i cuvP Øviv wefvR¨ KZ¸wj msL¨v n‡e? Ans: p 2  ( p 2  p1 )
4 4 3

(iii) cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq AsK¸wj GKevi gvÎ e¨envi K‡i KZ¸‡jv †Rvo msL¨v MVb Kiv hv‡e? Ans:
(iv)
(v) cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq AsK¸wj GKevi gvÎ e¨envi K‡i KZ¸‡jv we‡Rvo msL¨v MVb Kiv hv‡e? Ans: ( P2  P1 )  ( P2  P1 )
4 3 4 3


(vi) cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq AsK¸wj GKevi gvÎ e¨envi K‡i 100 I 300 Gi g‡a¨eZx© KZ¸‡jv msL¨v MVb Kiv hv‡e? Ans: P2  P2
4 4

Question 1: 3,4,5,6,7,8 AsK¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq †KejgvÎ GKevi e¨envi K‡i 5000 I 6000 Gi g‡a¨ g‡a¨eZ©x KZ¸‡jv msL¨v MVb Kiv
hvq?
mgvavb : Avgv‡`i‡K 4 AsK wewkó msL¨v MVb Ki‡Z n‡e hvi cÖ_g N‡i 5 _vK‡e| ZvB cÖ_g N‡i 5 †K wbwÏó K‡i ivLvi ci evKx Ni _vK‡e 3 wU Ges
evKx AsK _vK‡e 5wU| myZivs wb‡Y©q mvRv‡bv msL¨v = 5P3
Question 2: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 AsK¸‡jv †_‡K wZbwU wfbœ AsK wb‡q 200 †_‡K e„nËi wZb As‡Ki †h mKj msL¨v MVb Kiv hvq Zv‡`i msL¨v KZ?
mgvavb : 200 †_‡K e„nËi msL¨v¸wj n‡jv 3   , 5   , 7   , 9   GB AvKv‡ii| evKx 2wU Ni c~Y© iv cyiY Kiv hvq 4P2 cÖKv‡i|
 200 †_‡K e„nËi msL¨v = 4  p2 =48
4

D`vniY 2t A¼¸wj Ge ev GKvwaK evi e¨envi K‡i

Question 1: 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 A¼¸wj Ge ev GKvwaK evi e¨envi K‡i 7000 ‡_‡K eo Pvi A¼ wewkó KZ¸wj msL¨v MVb Kiv hvq ?
mgvavb : msL¨vwU 7000 †_‡K eo Pvi AsK wewkó n‡Z n‡j mnmª ¯’vbxq AsKwU 7, 8 A_ev 9 Qvov Ab¨ wKQz n‡Z cvi‡ebv| GB AvKv‡i 7 Gi ¯’v‡b 8
Ges 9 I n‡Z cv‡i| 7 Gi Rb¨ Avgiv cve 53 msL¨K msL¨v (KviY AsK¸wj GK ev GKvwaK evi e¨eüZ n‡Z cvi‡e)| 8 I 9 Rb¨I Avgiv 53 K‡i
cv‡ev| mZzivs GB †¶‡Î DËi n‡e ( 5  5  5 )  375
3 3 3

Question 2: 5,9,6,7,3,2 AsK¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i 5 As‡Ki KZ¸‡jv †dvb b¤^i MVb Kiv hvq| Ans: 65

Type-4 : KwgwU MVb msµvšÍ

(mgv‡ek)
Question 1: 5 Rb weÁv‡bi QvÎ Ges 3 Rb KjvAbyl‡`i QvÎ †_‡K 4 R‡bi KwgwU MwVb Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b AšÍZ 1 Rb weÁvb I 1 GKRb Kjvi
QvÎ _vK‡e| Avgiv wb‡gœv³ Dcv‡q GB KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z cvwi|
mgvavb :
weÁvb (5 Rb) Kjv (3 Rb)
i) 1 Rb 3 Rb
ii) 2 Rb 2 Rb
iii) 3 Rb 1 Rb
   
 ‡gvU KwgwUi msL¨v = ( 5 c1 3 c 3 )  5 c 2 3 c 2  5 c 3 3 c1  65 Ans.
Question 2: PviRb gwnjv I QqRb cyiæ‡li ga¨ n‡Z Pvi m`m¨ wewkó GKwU DcKwgwU KZ cÖKv‡i MVb Kiv hv‡e, hv‡Z GKRb wbw`©ó cyiæl me©`vB
AšÍf©y³ n‡e?
mgvavb : Qq Rb cyyiæ‡li g‡a¨ n‡Z GKRb wbw`©ó cyiæl KwgwU‡Z me©`vB AšÍf©y³ _vK‡e, Zvi A_© n‡jv Pvi R‡bi †h KwgwU MwVb Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi GKRb
m`m¨ H wbw`©ó cyiæl evwK wZb Rb m`m¨‡K Avgiv wbgœwjwLZfv‡e Pvi Rb gwnjv I cuvP Rb cyiæl n‡Z evQvB Ki‡Z cvwi|
gwnjv cyiæl
4 Rb 5 Rb
i) 3 Rb 0 Rb
ii) 2 Rb 1 Rb
iii) 1 Rb 2 Rb
iv) 0 Rb 3 Rb
   
 ‡gvU KwgwUi msL¨v = 4 c3 5 c0 )  4 c2 5 c1  4 c1 5 c2  4 co 5 c3  84 Ans.
Question 3: mvZRb Bs‡iR I 4 Rb gvwK©wb‡`i ga¨ ‡_‡K Qq R‡bi GKwU KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| KwgwU‡Z Kgc‡¶ `yBRb gvwK©wb _vK‡e GB k‡Z©
KZfv‡e GUv MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
mgvavb : j¶¨ Ki KwgwU‡Z Kgc‡¶ `yB Rb gvwK©wb jvM‡e| AZGe, cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡Î gvwK©wb‡`i msL¨v nq `yB A_ev `yB Gi †ekx| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ gvwK©wb
n‡e 2, 3 A_ev 4 †h‡nZz †gvU gvwK©wU 4 Rb|
Bs‡iRx gvwK©wb
7 Rb 4 Rb

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
i) 4 Rb 2 Rb
ii) 3 Rb 3 Rb
iii) 2 Rb 4 Rb
(†h‡nZz cÖwZ KwgwU‡Z Qq Rb †jvK _vK‡e|)
  
 ‡gvU KwgwUi msL¨v = 7 c4 4 c2 )  7 c3 4 c3  7 c2 4 c4  371 Ans.
Question 4: AvURb e¨w³ †_‡K cuvP m`‡m¨i GKwU KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wZbRb we‡kl e¨w³i me©vwaK GKRb AšÍf©y³ _vK‡e
mgvavb : wZb Rb we‡kl e¨w³ †_‡K me©vwaK 1 Rb AšÍf©y³ _vK‡e Zvi A_© n‡jv wZbRb †_‡K 1 ev 0 (k~b¨) Rb †bIqv hv‡e| †gvU msL¨v 4 Rb †_‡K
3 Rb ev` †M‡j mvaviY †jvK _v‡K 5 Rb
 ‡gvU KwgwU MVb = 5 c4 3 c1 5 c5 3 co = 5  3 + 1  1 = 15 +1 = 16
12 Rb †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ 5 Rb †jvK KZ cÖKv‡i evQvB Kiv hvq| hv‡Z `yBRb wbw`©ó e¨w³ (i) me©`vB _vK‡e (ii) me©`vB ev` _vK‡e
mgvavb : (i) `yBRb me©`vB AšÍf~³ vK‡e ZvB evKx 10 Rb n‡Z 3 Rb †jvK evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e A_©vr evPvB msL¨v 10C3
(ii) `yBRb me©`v ev` A_©vr evKx 10 Rb †_‡K 5 Rb evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e ZvB evQvB msL¨v 10C3 ]
Type-5
Question 1: 12 Rb †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ 5 Rb †jvK KZ cÖKv‡i evQvB Kiv hvq| hv‡Z `yBRb wbw`©ó e¨w³ (i) me©`vB _vK‡e (ii) me©`vB ev` _vK‡e
mgvavb : (i) `yBRb me©`vB AšÍf~³ _vK‡e ZvB evKx 10 Rb n‡Z 3 Rb †jvK evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e A_©vr evPvB msL¨v 10C3
(ii) `yBRb me©`v ev` A_©vr evKx 10 Rb †_‡K 3 Rb evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e ZvB evQvB msL¨v 10C3 ]
Question 2: 12 evûwewkó GKwU mgZj †ÿ‡Îi †KŠwbK we›`y ¸‡jvi ms‡hvRK †iLv Øviv-
(i) MwVZ wÎfzR msL¨v KZwU (ii) KZwU KY© cvIhv hv‡e|
(1) mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, GKwU wÎf~R MVb Ki‡Z Kgc‡ÿ wZbwU we›`yi cÖ‡qvRb| 12 evû wewkó GKwU mgZj †ÿ‡Îi 12 wU †KŠwbK we›`y Av‡Q| Avi
†h †Kvb wZbwU †KŠwbK we›`y wb‡q GKwU gvÎ wÎf~R MwUZ nq| A_©vr 3wU we›`yi GKwU `jB wÎf~R| ZvB 12 wU we›`y n‡Z 3 wU K‡i we›`y wb‡q hZ¸‡jv `j
ev mgv‡ek n‡e wÎf~R I Z‡Zv¸‡jv n‡e| ZvB G‡ÿ‡Î mgv‡ek msL¨v n‡e 12C3=220 Ans
(2) mgvavb : GKwU KY© MwVZ n‡Z n‡j Kgc‡ÿ `yBwU we›`yi cÖ‡qvRb nq| 12 evû wewkó GKwU mgZj †ÿ‡Îi 12 wU †KŠwbK we›`y Av‡Q 2 wU K‡i we›`y
wb‡q hZ¸‡jv mij †iLv MVb Kiv hvq Zvi †_‡K ewn:¯’ evû ¸‡jv (G‡ÿ‡Î 12 wU hviv KY© wnmv‡e Mb¨ bq) ev` w`‡jB KY© msL¨v cvIqv hv‡e| ZvB
G‡ÿ‡Î KY© msL¨v n‡e 12C3 - 12 = 54 Ans
w·KvbwgwZ

Aek¨B mKj w·KvYwgwZK m~θ‡jv eB †_‡K fv‡jvfv‡e gyL¯’ ivL‡e|

w·KvYwgwZK gvb msµvšÍ AsK

sin 75 o  sin 15 o
Question :  Gi gvb KZ?
o
sin 75  sin 15 o

sin 75o  sin 15o sin(90 o  15o )  sin 15o

Solve : 
o
sin 75  sin 15 o sin(90 o  15o )  sin 15o
cos 15o  sin 15o 1  tan 15o
=  [cos 150 Øviv fvM K‡i]
cos 15  sin 15
o o
1  tan 15 o

tan 45  tan 15
 tan 45o  15o   tan 60 o  3
o o
=
1  tan 45 tan 15
o o

Question : gvb wbY©q Ki : cos18o  cos162o  cos 234o  cos1386o

Solve : cos18o  cos162o  cos 234o  cos1386o
= cos18o  cos(180o  18o )  cos(270o  36o )  cos(360o  4  54o )
= cos18o  cos18o  sin 36o  cos54o
=  sin 36o  cos(90o  36o )   sin 36o  sin 36o  0
Question : gvb wbY©q Ki : a) sin 75o b) cos 75o c) tan 15o

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Solve : a) sin 75o  sin( 45o  30o )  sin 45o cos300  cos 45o sin 30o
1
=.
2 2
3

1 
. 
2 2
3 1 1
2 2

4
 6  2
b) cos 75o  cos(45o  30o )  cos 45o cos 30o  sin 45o sin 30o =
1
.
2 2
3

1 
. 
2 2
3 1 1
2 2

4
 6 2 
1
1
tan 45  tan 30
o o
3  3 1
c) tan 15 o  tan( 45o  30 o )  
1  tan 45 tan 30
o o
1
1 3 1
3
( 3  1)( 3  1) 4  2 3
=   2 3
( 3  1)( 3  1) 2
Question : cos2 10o  cos2 20o  cos2 30o  cos2 40o  cos2 50o  cos2 60o  cos2 70o  cos2 80o =?
Solve : cos2 10o  cos2 20o  cos2 30o  cos2 40o  cos2 50o  cos2 60o  cos2 70o  cos2 80o
 (cos2 10o  cos2 80o )  (cos2 20o cos2 70o )  (cos2 30o  cos2 60o )  (cos2 40o  cos2 50o )  4
 cos2 10o  cos2 80o  cos2 10o  {cos(90o  10o ) 2  cos2 10O  sin 2 10o  1
Question : sin 2 15o  sin 2 20o  sin 2 25o  .......................... sin 2 75o  ?
Solve : GLv‡b avivi c‡`i msL¨v = 13
GLb sin 2 45o ‡K Avjv`v K‡i †i‡L GK‡Î `yBwU K‡i wb‡q †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj = 6
1 1 13
‡h‡nZz sin 45 
2 o
wb‡Y©q †hvMdj = 6  
2 2 2
Question : sin 3  sin 9  sin 15  ..................................... sin 2 177 o  ?
2 o 2 o 2 o

Solve : GLv‡b 30wU c‡`i Av‡Q| `yBwU K‡i GK‡Î †hvM Ki‡j wb‡b©q †hvMdj = 15

Types-
2
A/B/C Gi GKwU gvb a‡i evgc¶ ev cÖ‡kœi gvb †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| A/B/C Gi wVK †mB gvb a‡i Ackb¸‡jvi gvb
wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| †h Ackb Gi gv‡bi mv‡_ evgc‡¶i gvb wg‡j hv‡e †mwUB DËi|

Question-1: tanA + cosA = ?

1
A) B) cosec 2A C) 2cose 2A D) sin 2A
2 sin 2 A
1 3 1 4
Solve : A  60 0 a‡i tanA + cosA = 3  = 
3 3 3
4
Avevi Option C- ‡Z A  60 a‡i cvB
0
myZivs Ans. C
3

Question-2 : Sin2 A – Sin2 B + Sin2 C= ?

A) 2Sin A- Sin B Cos C B) 2SinA Cos B SinC C) 2Cos A Sin B Sin C D) 1
Solve : A,B,C Gi gvb hZvµ‡g 60°,90°,30° ewm‡q cÖ‡kœi gvb Ges PviwU Dˇii gv‡S †hwUi gvb mgvb n‡e †mwUB DËi|
DËi : B

Question- 3 : CosA – CosB + CoSC + 1 = ?

A) 4Sin A Cos B Cos C B) 4 Cos A Sin B Cos C C) 4 Cos A Cos B Sin C D) 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0
Solve : A, B, C –Gi gvb h_vµ‡g 60 , 90o , 30o ewm‡q cÖ‡kœi gvb I PviwU Dˇii ‡hwUi gvb mgvb n‡e †mwU DËi|
DËi : B
Types-3
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

sin   cos( )
Question-1 : =?
sec( )  tan 
1 1 1 12
Solve : cos    
sec  1  tan 2  25 13
1
144
144 5
Ges sin    1  cos    1 
2
  ; [ tan  abvZ¥K,  cos  FYvZ¥K n‡j sin FYvZ¥K]
169 13
5 12
 
sin   cos( ) sin   cos 51
   13 13 
sec( )  tan  sec  tan  13 5 26
 
12 12

5  tan   sec( )
Question- 2 : hw` sin   Ges     nq, Z‡e, ?
13 2 cot  cos ec( )
25 12
Solve : Avgiv Rvwb, cos   1  sin 2    1  
169 13
1
[      , A_©vr †Kvb DrcbœKvix N~Y©vqgvb †iLvwU wØZxq PZzf©v‡M Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges G PZzf©v‡M mvBb Ges †Kv‡m‡K›U Qvov Ab¨vb¨ AbycvZ
2
FYvZ¥K 1
sin  5 / 13 5
AZGe, tan    
cos  12 / 13 12
5 13 18
  
tan   sec( ) tan   sec 3
GLb   12 12  12 
cot   cos ec( ) cot   cos ec  12  13  25 10
5 5 5

Types-
4
mgvavb msµvšÍ AsK
GB UvB‡ci AsK fwZ© cix¶vq LyeB Kgb| †UKwbK cÖ‡qvM K‡i G¸‡jv mgvavb Kiv hvq| Z‡e g~j wbq‡g mgvavb Kiv Aek¨B wk‡L ivL‡Z n‡e|
1   
Question-1: Sin θ + Cos θ = n‡j θ Gi gvb- A) 2n  B) 2n  7 C) n  D) A & B
2 12 12 3
Question-2 : √2 Cos 3 θ – Cos θ = Cos 5 θ n‡j θ= ? A) (2n  1)  B) ( 2n  1)  C) ( 4n  1)  D) None
8 6 8
mgvavb : n = 0 A_ev 1 a‡i, Option ¸‡jvi gvb cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q †PK Ki‡Z n‡e| †h Option w`‡q cÖkœwU/mgxKiYwU wm× n‡e †mwUB DËi|
2 b s cÖ‡kœi mgvavb : n = 1 ewm‡q Option B Gi gvb = 90°
 90° w`‡q √2 Cos 3 θ – Cos θ = Cos 5 θ mgxKiYwU wm× n‡e| myZivs DËi : B
DËi :- 1) D 2) B

Types-6

Types-6:
Inverse function

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Question1 :
1 1 5

1 1 
(a) tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 2 3  tan 1 6  tan 1 1 
2 3 1 1 5 4
1 .
2 3 6
1 1 12
1 1 
11 11
(b) tan 1  tan 1 = tan 1 5 7  tan 1  tan 1 35  tan 1
5 7 1 23 34 23
1
35 35
6 11 325

= tan 1 6
 tan 1 11
 tan 1 17 23  tan 1 391  tan 1 1  
17 23 6 11 325 4
1 .
17 23 391
1 1 2

1 1 1 1 1
(c) tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 3 5  tan 1  tan 1 15  tan 1
3 5 7 1 1 7 16 7
1 .
3 5 15
1 1 15

1 1 1 3
= tan  tan 1 = tan 1 8 7  tan 1 56  tan 1
8 7  1 55 11
1 .
8 7 56
Question-2:
2
1 1 1
(a) 2 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 3  tan 1
3 7 1 7
1
9
2 3 1 25

1 1 3 1 
= tan 3  tan  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 4 7  tan 1 28  tan 1 1 
1
8 7 4 7 3 25 4
1
9 28 28
1 2 1 1
 
1 1  2 1 1 1 1 1 4 9 1 5 8
(b) tan  tan  tan  tan  tan  tan
4 9 5 8 1 2 1
1 . 1
4 9 40
17 13 1 1 5

= tan
1 36
 tan 1 40
 tan 1 1 1 1
 tan  tan 1 2 3  tan 1 6  
34 39 2 3 1 5 4
1
36 40 6 6
 1 1   1 1 1/ 2  1/ 3 5/6 
Question- 3: 4 sin  cot 1 3   4 tan 1  tan 1  = 4 tan 1  4 tan 1  4 tan 1 1  4.  
 5   2 3 1  1/ 6 5/6 4
Question-4 :
1 1 1 1 1  x2 1 1  x
2
(a) sin cot tan cos x  sin cot tan tan = sin cot  sin sin 1 x  x
x x

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

1 1 1 x2
(b) cos tan 1 cot sin 1 x  cos tan cot cot =
x
1  x2 x
cos tan1  cos cos1  cos cos1 x  x
x 1 x  x
2 2

Types-7

wKQz DËi gyL¯’ ivLvi †Póv Ki‡e

(1) Cos(B-C)+ CosA= bc2 (2) 1 SinA+ 1 SinB+ 1 SinC= 6

2R a b c abc
(3) SinA+SinB+SinC= S (4) CosA=SinB-CosC n‡j c  900
R
1 1 3
(5) Sin-1x+Sin-1y =  n‡j x2+y2=1 (6)   n‡j c  600
2 ac bc abc
(7) Cos-1x + Cos -1y =  n‡j x2+y2=1 (8) tan-1x + tan -1y+ tan-1z = π nq Z‡e xy+yz+zx=1
2
dvskb

Type-1 : dvsk‡bi †Wv‡gb

hw` †Kvb dvskb f : A  B Øviv wb‡`©wkZ nq Z‡e A Gi †h mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ B Gi ev¯Íe gvb cvIqv hvq A Gi †h mKj msÁvwqZ gvbB
†Wv‡g‡bi AšÍf©y³| mnRfv‡e ej‡Z ‡M‡j A nj †Wv‡gb Ges B †i‡Äi †mU| Av‡iv mnRfv‡e †Wv‡gb nj x Gi gvb ,Avi †iÄ nj y ev f(x) Gi gvb|
 fMœvsk wewkó dvskb : ‡Wv‡gb = R-{x Gi †h gv‡bi Rb¨ ni ïb¨}
D`vniY : f (x)  2x  3 Gi †Wv‡gb KZ?
2x  2
mgvavb : †Wv‡gb = R – {1} †Kbbv, 2x+2=0 ev, x = - 1 n‡j ni ïb¨ nq|
j‡ ei x Gi mnM 2
fMœvsk wewkó dvsk‡bi †¶‡Î †iÄ †ei Kivi mnR wbqg n‡”Q: ‡iÄ = R  { }  R    = R – {1}
n‡ ii x Gi mnM 2
 eM©g~jhy³ dvskb :G‡¶‡Î square-root Gi wfZ‡ii ivwkwU ïb¨ †_‡K eo A_ev mgvb a‡i cÖvß x Gi gvbB nj †Wv‡gb|
D`vniY : f(x) = x 2  4 Gi †Wv‡gb KZ?
mgvavb : x  4  0 ev,
2
(x  2)(x  2)  0 ev, x  2 or x  2
eM©g~j hy³ dvsk‡bi †iÄ :
 f ( x)  x  cons tan t form G n‡j †iÄ me mgqB [0, ]
 Square-root dvskb f ( x)  cons tan t  x 2 form G n‡j †iÄ memgq [ 0, cons tan t ]
D`vniY- 1: f ( x)  2 x  5 Gi †iÄ KZ? Ans: [0, ]
D`vniY- 2 : f (x)  16  x 2 Gi †iÄ KZ? Ans: =[0, 4]
 aªæeK dvskb : f (x)  C, G ai‡bi dvskb †K aªæeK dvskb e‡j| †hgb- f(x) = 1, f(x) = - 5, f(x) = 120 BZ¨vw`| G ai‡bi dvsk‡bi
†Wv‡gb nj mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v (R) Ges †iÄ nj C|
D`vniY : f(x) = 2 Gi †Wv‡gb R Gi †iÄ 2
 Logarlthmic Function: f(x) = log (1+3x)
Logarithmic Function-Gi †Wv‡gb wbY©q Kivi mgq ¯§iY ivL‡Z nq †h, Gi wfZ‡ii ivwkwU ïb¨ †_‡K eo n‡Z n‡e| KviY, logarithmGi
wfZ‡ii ivwkwU ïb¨ †_‡K †QvU n‡j dvskbwU AmsÁvwqZ n‡e| Logarithmic Function Gi †iÄ me mgq R.

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

GLv‡b, 1 + 3x > 0 ev, x >  1

3

 dom f =  1 , 
3
 Range = R

 f(x)= sin 1 (1  x)
GLv‡b,  1  1  x  1  2   x  0  2  x  0  dom f = (0,2)

Type-2: wecixZ dvskb

 dx  b
i) f(x) = ax + b n‡j, f-1(x)= x  b ii) f(x) = ax  b n‡j f-1 ( x ) 
a cx  d cx  a
x3
D`vniY : (i) f(x) = 2x – 3 n‡j, f-1(x) 
2
ii) f(x) = 4x  5 n‡j f-1 (x) = 2x  5
3x  2 3x  4
iii) f(x)= 4x  5 n‡j f-1 (2)=
9
3x  2 2
Type-3 : ms‡hvwRZ dvskb

f(x) = x  2x  3 Ges g(x) = 3x - 4 n‡j (i) (gof) (x)

2
(ii) (fog) (x) (iii) (gof) (2) (iv) (fog) (2) wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : (i) (gof) (x) = g (f(x)) = g(x + 2x – 3) = 3( x  3x  3)  4
2 2
 3x 2  6x 13 Ans.
(ii) (fog) (x) = f(g(x)) = f(3x-4) = (3x-4)2+2(3x- 4)-3 = 9x  18x  5 Ans.
2

(iii) (gof)(2) = 3  22 +6  2-13 = 11 Ans.

(iv) (fog) (2) = f (g(2))=f(2)=22 +2.2-3 = 5 Ans.

wjwgU

L Hospitaes Rule :
0
GLv‡b x PjK I aaªæeK|G RvZxq Prob. G x -Gi cwie‡Z© a GLv‡b mvaviYZ… AvK…wZ Av‡m| mgvav‡bi Rb¨ L Hospital’s
0
Rule Abyhvqx je I ni‡K Pj‡Ki mv‡c‡ÿ Avjv`vfv‡e Differentiate Ki‡Z n‡e| hZÿY ch©šÍ bv x-Gi gvb emv‡bv hvq ZZÿY
Differentiate Ki‡Z n‡e|
3
Lim x 5 2  a 5 2 5 2 x
2

Question-1 : L : = [je I ni‡K differentiation K‡i]

na x  a 1
2 x
3 1
= 5x  5x 2  5a 2 Ans.
2 2

Lim 1  cos x sin x cos x cos o 1

Question-2 : = =   Ans.
x  0 x2 2x 2 2 2

Differentiation

Aek¨B mKj m~θ‡jv eB †_‡K fv‡jvfv‡e gyL¯’ ivL‡e| mivmwi m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖvq cÖwZeQiB GKwU AsK Av‡m| ZvQvov wb‡Pi UvBc¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e
AvqË Ki‡Z n‡e

dy
TECHNIC: ‡h‡Kvb mgxKiY †_‡K wbY©q
dx
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

dy
Question:hw` x  3xy  5 y  10 nq Z‡e ?
2 2
dx
dy y ‡ K aª æeK a‡ i diffrentia tion ( x PjK)
mgvavb :†h †Kvb mgxKi‡Yi 
dx x ‡ K aª æeK a‡ i diffrentia tion ( y PjK)
Note : ‡h †Kvb aªyeK c‡`i diffrentiation Gi gvb k~b¨ (0)
 x  3xy  5 y  0 mgxKiY †_‡K
2 2

d 2
( x  3 xy  5 y 2 ) [ ‡ hLv‡ b y aª æeK] )
dy
  dx
dx d 2
( x  3xy  5 y 2 ) [ ‡ hLv‡ b x aª æeK])
dy

dy 2 x  3y d x  0 2 x  3y
 dx =  (Ans.)
dx 0  3x d d
y  (5y ) 2 3 x  10 y
dx dy
n Zg AšÍiK wbY©q msµvšÍ

cÖ_‡g cÖ`Ë dvskbwUi cÖ_g AšÍiK ( y1 ) wbY©q Ki‡e| AZtci Option ¸‡jv‡Z n Gi cwie‡Z© 1 emv‡e, †h Option wU‡Z y1 Gi gvb cvIqv hv‡e
†mwUB n‡e Ans.

Question: cos 3x Gi n Zg AšÍiK mnM-

A. 3n sin  n  3x  B. 3n cos n  3x  C. 3n sin  n  3x  D. 3n cos n  3x 
 2   2   2   2 
Solve : y  cos3x  y1  3 sin 3x
Option ¸‡jv‡Z n = 1 emv‡j,
A.  3cos3x B. 3 sin 3x C. 3 cos 3x D.   3 sin 3x Ans. D
Question: y  ln 3x  5 Gi n Zg AšÍiK mnM-

A. 1 B.
 1 n  1!3n
n 1
C. 5 D.
 1 n  1!3n
n 1

3x  5 3x  5n 3x  5n 3x  5n

3 1 3
Solve : y  cos3x y1  Option ¸‡jv‡Z n  1 emv‡j A  ; B Ans:A
3x  5 3x  5 3x  5

R¨vwgwZK cÖ‡qvM msµvšÍ

Question-01: a) x 2  4x  y 2  0 eµ‡iLvi †h me we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K (i) x- A‡¶i Dci j¤^ (ii)y A‡¶i Dci j¤^, Zv‡`i ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Ki|

  2x  4  x  2
dy
Solve: x 2  4x  y 2  0 
dx 2y y
dy
i) ¯úk©K x A‡¶i Dci j¤^ / y A‡¶i mgvšÍivj n‡j, Xvj  A_©vr Gi ni k~b¨|
dx
 y  0 ; cÖ`Ë eµ‡iLvq y  0 ewm‡q cvB x 2  4x  0  x  0,4 wb‡Y©q we›`y (0, 0) A_ev  4, 0
dy
ii. ¯úk©K y A‡¶i Dci j¤^/x A‡¶i mgvšÍivj n‡j, Xvj k~b¨ A_©vr Gi je k~b¨|
dx
 x  2  0  x  2 ; cÖ`Ë eµ‡iLvq x  2 ewm‡q cvB 4  8  y  0  y  2 wb‡Y©qwe›`y  2,  2
2

b) y  (x  1)(x  3) eµ‡iLv †h me we›`y‡Z x A¶‡K †Q` K‡i H we›`y¸‡jv‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Xvj wbY©q Ki|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
dy
Solve: y  ( x  1)(x  3)  x 2  4x  3  2x  4
dx
dy dy
x -A¶‡K †Q` K‡i e‡j, y  0  x  1, 3 .. GLb, /  2.1  4  2 /  2.3  4  2 ..
dx (1, 0 ) dx (3,0 )
Question-02: x 2 y  xy 2  2x  3y  17  0 eµ‡iLvi Dcwiw¯’Z (2, 3) we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z (i) ¯úk©K (ii) Awfj‡¤^i Xvj Ges mgxKiY wbY©q
Ki|
dy y.2x  y 2 .1  2  2xy  y 2  2
Solve:  2  2
dx x .1  x.2 y  3 x  2xy  3
(i) (2, 3) we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Xvj   12  9  2  19
4  12  3 13
(2, 3) we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY y  3  19 ( x  2)  13y  39  19x  38  19x  13y  77  0
13
(ii) ¯úk©we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Dci j¤^ †iLvB Awfj¤^|
(2, 3) we›`y‡Z Awfj‡¤^i Xvj  13 Awfj‡¤^i mgxKiY, y  3  13 ( x  2)
19 19
 13x  26  19y  57  13x 19y  31  0
Question-03: a)aGi gvb KZ n‡j y = ax (1  x) eµ‡iLvi g~jwe›`y‡Z ¯úk©KwU x- A‡¶i mv‡_ 60 o †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
dy
Solve:GLv‡b y  ax  ax 2   a  2ax BnvB (x, y) we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Xvj|
dx
dy
g~jwe›`y‡Z K¨vjKzjvmxq Xvj  a  2a.0  a , R¨vwgwZK Xvj = tan 60 o  3
dx
GKwU mij‡iLvi Xvj R¨vwgwZK I K¨vjKzjvmxq GKB e‡j, a  3

Integration

Types-1:General Formula msµvšÍ

Aek¨B mKj m~θ‡jv eB †_‡K fv‡jvfv‡e gyL¯’ ivL‡e|

 1 
Question:  3  4x  5x dx=? Soln :  3  4x  5x dx =   3x 3  4x 3  5x 3  dx = 9 x 3  3 x 3  15 x 3  c
2 4 2 4 5 11 2 8 14

3
x 3
x   2 2 14
e x
1 
2

Question:  dx =?
ex
e x
1


2
e 2 x  2e x  1 dx =  e 32x  2e x2  e  x2 dx  2 e 32x  4e x2  2e x2  c
n
Sol :  dx =  
 
x
ex 2 3
e
e
Question:  x
5x
 e 3x
dx =? Sol :  x
n e 5x
 e 3x
dx = 
e 4x e x  e x  
dx =  e 4 x dx  1 e 4 x  c
x x x
e e e e e e
x
4
Question:  sin x  cos x dx =? Soln :  sin x  cos x dx =  sin x  cos x dx  x  c
1  sin 2 x 1  sin 2 x sin x  cos x
Question:  1  cos 2x dx Soln :  1  cos 2x dx =  2 cos2 x dx   sec x  1dx = tan x  x  c
2
2 sin x 2
1  cos 2x 1  cos 2x
 tan x  cot x  dx =?
2
Question:
2

 tan x  cot x  dx =   cos x  sin x 

Soln :
2 sin x cos x dx
 

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
2 2
=   1  dx   2  dx  4 cos ec 2 2xdx = 4  cot 2x   c  2 cot 2x  c
  sin 2x  
 sin x cos x   2 
Question:  2 sin 3 xdx =? Soln :  2 sin 3 xdx = 1  3sin x  sin 3x dx  1  cos 3x  3 cos x   c
2 2 3 
Question:  1 dx =?
1  sin x
Soln :  1 dx = 1  sin x dx  1  sin x dx = sec 2 x  sec x tan x dx = tan x  sec x  c
1  sin x  1  sin 2 x  cos2 x 
Question:  1 dx =?
1  cos x
Soln :  1 dx = 1  cos x dx = cos ec 2 x  cos ecx cot x dx = cos ex  cot x  c
1  cos x  sin 2 x 

Types-2:Something = Z
a‡i
e x dx
Question:  1  e2 x  ?
e x dx dz
Solve : awi z  e  dz  e dx
x x
   tan 1 z  c = tan 1 (e x )  c Ans.
1  e 
x 2
1 z 2

2
3x
Question: 1 x 6
dx  f ( x)  c n‡j f ( x)  ?

3x 2 dz
Solve : awi, zx 3
 dz  3x dx   2
dx    tan 1 z  c = tan 1 x 3  c Ans.
1 x 6
1 z 2

Types-3:Standared Formula msµvšÍ

f ( x ) f ( x)
1. 
f (x)
dx  ln f ( x )  c 2.  f ( x)
dx  2 f ( x)  c

Techinic : General I Standard formula Gi m~θ‡jv e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡K f(x) wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡”Q Zv‡K Differentiate K‡i
evwK AskUzKz cvIqv bv †M‡j †h As‡ki cv_©K¨ nq †mB cv_©K¨ w`‡q fvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
Question:  1 dx =? Soln :  1 dx =  1 . 1  2 1  ln x  c
x 1  ln x x 1  ln x 1  ln x x
Question:  dx =? Soln :  dx =  1 . 1 2 dx = 2 tan 1 x  3  c
 2 1
1  x tan x  3  1
1  x tan x  3
2
 
tan x  3 1  x
1

 e x  e  x dx = ln e  e   c
x x
Question:  e x  e  x dx =? e e
x x
x x
Soln :
e e
 x ln x dx =  ln x . x dx  ln ln x   c
Question:  1 dx =? Soln : 1 1 1
x ln x
x3 x3 1 2 1  2x 4  c   1 1  2x 4  c
Question:   
3
dx =? Soln : dx = .x dx =
1  2x 4 1  2x 4 1  2x 4 8 4

Question:  3 sin x =?
4  5 cos x
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

3 sin x 1 3 ln( 4  5 cos x )

Soln :  4  5 cos x = 3 4  5 cos x sin xdx =   3 ln( 4  5 cos x )  c
5 5

Types-4:¸‡Yi wbqg: hw` UGes V DfqB x-Gi dvskb nq

Zvn‡j
 du 
 uv dx  u  v dx    dx  vdxdx
we:`ª: G‡ÿ‡Î U ev V ‡KvbwU ai‡Z n‡e Zvi Rb¨ LIATE kãwU g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e|
L – Logarithmic
I – Inverse circular.
A – Algebric
T – Trigonomctric
E – Exponcntial
GLv‡b e‡Y©i µgvbymv‡i U Zvi c‡i V ai‡Z n‡e|

Question-1 :  x cos x dx -Gi gvb KZ?

d 
Solve :  x cos x dx  x  cos xdx    dx ( x) cos xdxdx
x sin x  1.sin x dx  x sin x  cos x  c
= Ans.
Question-1 :  tan xdx Gi gvb KZ?
1

d 
     dx tan x 1dxdx
1 1 1
Solve : tan xdx = tan x 1dx

 x tan 1 x  1 ln 1  x 2   c
xdx
= x tan x  
1
Ans.
1 x 2 2
Types-5
wbw`©ó †hvMR
wbw`©ó †hvMR Awbw`©ó †hvM‡Ri gZB| cÖ_‡g limit e¨ZxZ Integration Ki‡Z n‡e| AZ:ci cÖvß djvdj‡K limit..ewm‡q gvb wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
 f (x)dx  g(x)  c n‡j-
a
 b f ( x )dx  gx   g(a)  g(b)
a

b
1

a)  b) 
dx
Question: hw`  1  3x 2
 A nq Z‡e A  ? c)  d) 
0
3 3 3 3 4
1 1
dx dx
mgvavb :  A  A
0
1  3 x 2
0 1  ( 3 x ) 2

 
1
 1 1  1 1 1 1  
=
 3 tan 3x  = 3 [tan 3  tan 0] = 3 3  0  3 3 Ans.
0
1
1
Question:  sin xdx Gi gvb KZ?
0 1 x2
mgvavb : awi, sin 1 x  z,  1 dx  dz
1 x2
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

GLb x  1 n‡j z   Ges x  0 n‡j z  2

2


/ 2 / 2
 2 2  2
 cÖ`Ë mgvKjb =  zdz   z2   12  2  0  8
0  0  

Types-6: wbw`©ó †hvMR Gi cÖ‡qvM

b
Category 01 : GKwU eµ‡iLv, x A¶ I y A‡¶i mgvšÍivj GK/`yBwU mij‡iLv Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj=  a ydx
wb‡Y©q †¶ÎwU x A¶ eivei a GKK †_‡K b GKK ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z
Question: y  x 2 , x A¶ I x  5 mij‡iLv Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|

Soln : Area  0 x dx  125 eM© GKK

25

3
Question: y  x , x A¶ Ges x  2 I x  5 mij‡iLv Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
2

Soln : Area   2 x dx  39 eM© GKK

2 5

Question: x 2  2 y  0 eµ‡iLv, x A¶ I x  2 †KvwU Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|

2 2
Soln : GLv‡b x  2 y  0  y  x Area  0 x dx  4 eM© GKK
2 2

2 2 3
b
Category 02 : GKwU eµ‡iLv, y A¶ I x A‡¶i mgvšÍivj GK/`yBwU mij‡iLv Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj= 
a
xdx
wb‡Y©q †¶ÎwU y A¶ eivei a GKK †_‡K b GKK ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z
Question: y  4 x 2 , y - A¶ Ges y  1, y  9 mij‡iLv Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
9 9
y y y
Sol : y  4x  x 
n 2
 eM© GKK Area :  xdy   dy  26 eM© GKK
4 2 1 1 2 3
Question: y  4x cive„Ë Ges y  4 mij‡iLv Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Zdj wbY©q Ki|
2

4 4
y y y
Sol : y  4x  x 
n 2
 Area = 2  xdy  2  dy  16 eM© GKK|
4 2 0 0 2 3
Category 03 : GKwU eµ‡iLv I GK/`yB mij‡iLv Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = a ( y1  y 2 )dx
b

a, b nj y1 , y 2 †iLv mgvavb K‡i cÖvß x Gi gvb

Question: y 2  4x Ges y  x mij‡iLv Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
Soln : y 2  4x Ges y  x  x 2  4x  x  0, 4
y 2  4x  y  2 x BnvB y1 . Avevi y  x BnvB y 2 .

 Area = 0 2 x  x dx  8 e.G.
4

3

Question: y  x Ges y  8x Øviv Ave× †¶‡Îi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
2 2

Soln : Solving two equations, x  0, 2

y  x 2  y1  x 2
y 2  8x  y 2  2 2x
0 x  2 2x dx  2.99 e.G.
2
 Area =
2

wKš‘ †¶Îdj FbvZ¥K nq bv weavq Area = 3 e.G.

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

MwYZ wØZxqcÎ

ev¯Íe msL¨v

Type – 1: g~j`-Ag~j` msL¨v wPwýZKiY

g~j` msL¨v †Pbvi wZbwU Dcvq t
i) ‡h †Kvb c~Y© msL¨v g~j` msL¨v ‡hgb-3, 0, 1, 5, 303 BZ¨vw`|
ii) ‡Kvb msL¨vq `kwgK we›`yi c‡i wbw`©ó msL¨K AsK _vK‡j Zv g~j` msL¨v|‡hgb :1, 1.2, 2.07, 45.021, 0.10223657985 BZ¨vw`|
iii) ‡Kvb msL¨vi `kwgK we›`yi c‡ii Ask‡K Ave„Z `kwg‡K cÖKvk Kiv ‡M‡j Zv g~j` msL¨v|
‡hgb : 1.333.....................,7.705705705....., 0102310231023........BZ¨vw`|
Note : †Kvb msL¨v Dch©y³ wZbwU category Gi g‡a¨ bv co‡j Zv Aek¨B Ag~j` msL¨v|
Ag~j` msL¨v :
i) mvaviYZ †h me msL¨v¸‡jv c~Y© eM© bq Zv‡`i eM©g~j Ag~j` msL¨v : 2 , 3 , 5 , 11..............
ii)  ,e, ln 2 BZ¨vw` Ag~j` msL¨v|
Type - 2: AmgZvi mgvavb

D`vniY-1 : Greater than “>” wPý _vK‡j

x  3  7 Gi mgvavb?
mgvavb : (x + 3) †K GKevi abvZ¥K Ges Av‡iKevi FYvZ¥K a‡i AsKUvi mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e|
g‡b Kwi, (x + 3) abvZ¥K m~Zivs G‡¶‡Î  ( x  3)  7 ev, x  4
Avevi g‡b Kwi, x + 3 FYvZ¥K A_©vr G‡¶‡Î  (x  3)  7 ev, x + 3 < -7  x < - 10
GLv‡b `yB †¶‡Î Avgiv `yBwU DËi †cjvg| m~Zivs g~j DËiwU n‡e t x  4 A_ev x  10
D`vniY 2: Less than ‘<’ wPý _vK‡j x  a – a < x < a
x  5  7 Gi mgvavb wK?
mgvavb : x  5  7  - 7 < (x – 5) < 7 ev – 12 < x < 2 myZivs DËi : (i)-12 < x < 2 (ii) (-12, 2 )

D`vniY 3: ev¯Íe msL¨vq 1  5 AmgZvwUi mgvavb-

2x  3

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

1 1 1 1 7 8  3
Solve:
2x  3
5  2x  3 <
5
  < 2x  3 <
5 5

5
< x<
5 2 x  3  0  x  2 

a) 75 , 32  2 5 
b) 3 , 8 5 2  2 5 
c) 7 , 3  3 , 8 5 5 
d) 7 , 8 Ans. c

Use of Braket:
1. a < x < b  ( a , b ) 2.  a  x  b [ a , b ] 3.  a  x < b [ a , b )
4. x < a  ( , a ) 5. x  b  (b , ) 6. x  b  [b , )
7. x < a or x  b  ( , a )  (b , ) 8. x  a or x  b  ( , a ]  [b , ) 9. R = (- ,  )

RwUj msL¨v
RwUj ivwki ciggvb ev gWyjvm

* (a + ib) hw` GKwU RwUj ivwk nq Z‡e a  ib  a 2  b 2 †K Dnvi ciggvb ev gWyjvm e‡j|
y
* x  iy GKwU RwUj msL¨v n‡j Av¸©‡g›U   tan 1
x
we:`ª: a + ib RwUj ivwki †¶‡Î,
i) b = 0 n‡j,  = 0
ii) a, b > 0 n‡j, 0 <  < 
2

iii) a < 0 Ges b > 0 n‡j <  < 
2

iv) a < 0, b < 0 n‡j,     3 ev,     
2 2
3
v) a > 0 Ges b < 0 n‡j,    2 ev,      0
2 2
vi) GB gvb¸‡jvi cv_©K¨ 2  Gi ¸wYZK
vii) ‡h gvbwU -  <  <  AmgZvwU wm× K‡i Zv‡K gyL¨ gvb ev cÖavb gvb e‡j

Question : 12 + 5i Gi Modulus Ges Argument KZ? Ans: 13, tan-1 5

12
Type 2:a + ib AvKv‡i cÖKvk

(K) 3   2i  (3   2i) (2   3i)  6  2  2i  3  3i   6 { 2  1 }

2   3i (2   3i) (2   3i) 43
( 6   6 )  i (3  3  2  2 6   6 3  3  2  2
=  i
7 7 7
Type-3 : i wewkó ivwki gvb wbY©q
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Gai‡bi AsK¸‡jv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi m~θ‡jv Rvb‡Z n‡e|

i) i 2  1
ii) i 4 n  1, i 4 n1  i, i 4 n 2  1
iii) i  i   2

Quistion1: : i1027  i 4256 , i 3  1  i 2  i  i

Quistion2: i Gi gvb-
1 1
1 1
i
i i(i  1)
mgvavb : i = i = =  i 2  i  1  i Ans.
1 1 1 1 i i li
1 i  1 1
1 i 1
i i

Type-4 : w wewkó ivwki gvb

wbY©q
GRb¨ wb‡Pi m~θ‡jv Rvb‡Z n‡e-
i) 3  1 ii)  3n  1,  3n1  ,  3n2   2 iii) 1    2  0

Question 1: GK‡Ki GKwU RwUj Nbg~j  n‡j (1     2 )(   2  1)( 2  1   ) Gi gvb KZ?
mgvavb : (1     2 )(   2  1) (  2  1   )
= ( 2   2 )(1  1)(   ) [1 +   2  0]
= ( 22 )(2)(2)
=  8  8
3
[ 3  1]

Question 2: (1  )(1  2 ) (1  4 ) (1  8 ) =?
mgvavb : (1  )(1  2 ) (1  4 ) (1  8 )
= (1  )(1  2 ) (1  ) (1  2 ) [ 3  1, 8  6 .2 ]
= (1  ) 2 (1  2 ) 2  (1  2  2 ) (1  22  4 )
= (1  2  2)(1    22 ) [ 4  3 .  1.  ]
=  3 (32 )  93  9. [3  1 Ges 1    2  0 ]

Type-5 : eM©g~j / Nbg~j BZ¨vw` wbY©q wbY©q

Quistion1: wb‡¤œv³ ivwk¸‡jvi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki:

(K)  7  24i (L) 7  30  2
mgvavb:
(K)  7  24i  16  9  24i  (4i) 2  (3) 2  2.4i.3  (3  4i) 2
 wb‡Y©q eM©gyj    7  24i   (3  4i )

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

(L) GLv‡b 7  30  2  7  30 2i [†h‡nZz i   1 ]

= (5) 2  (2 2i) 2  2.5.2 2 i [†h‡nZz i2  1 ]= (5  2 2i) 2
 wb‡Y©q eM©g~j =  7  30  3   (5  2 2i ) 2  (5  2 2i )

Quistion2:
(K) 3 i =? (L) 3
 i =? (M) 4
 81 =? (N) i   i =?
mgvavb:
(K) g‡b Kwi, i  x  x 3  i  0  x 3  i 3  0 [ 2  1 ]
3

 ( x  i) ( x 2  xi  1)  0 [†h‡nZz i 2  1 ]  x  i  0 hLb x  i

A_ev x 2  xi  1  0  x 
 i  i2  4  i   3  1
2 2 2
3 i ,1  3 i
2
   

myZivs i Gi Nbg~j¸wj  i, 1 3  i , 1  3  i
2 2
  
(L) g‡b Kwi,  i  x  x  i  0  x 3  i 3  0  ( x  i)(x 2  ix  1)  0
3 3

 x  i  0 , hLb x  1

A_ev, x 2  ix  1  0  x 
 i  i2  4   i  3  1
2 2 2
  
3 i ,1  3 i
2

  i Gi Nbg~j¸wj i, 1
2
3 i , 1 3 i
2
   
(M) g‡b Kwi x   81  x  81  x  81i 2
4 4 4

 x 2  9i   9 .2i  9  2i 
2 2
 x 3  2 i   3 (1  i 2  2 i)   3 (1  i) 2 =  3 (1  i) .
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(N) i  i   i   i
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
 1   1  1 1  1   1  1 1
=    i   2. . i      2. . i [  2  1 ]
2 2  2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
 1 1   1 1  1 1 1 1 2
=   i    i   i  i  2
2 2  2 2  2 2 2 2 2

Type-
6
Quistion1: a  1  i 2 n‡j a  4a  6a  4a  9 =?
4 3 2

mgvavb : ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, a  1  i 2  a  1  i 2  a 2  2a  3  0 [eM© K‡i]

GLb a  4a  6a  4a  9
4 3 2

= a (a  2a  3)  2a (a  2a  3)  (a  2a  3)  12 = 0  12  12 [ a 2  2a  3  0]
2 2 2 2

1 1
Quistion3: p  n‡j p 6  p 4  p 2  1 =?
2
1 1 11 2 1
mgvavb : p  p2   1  i
2 2
 p  p  p 2  1  ( p 2 ) 3  ( p 2 ) 2  p 2  1  (i ) 3  (i ) 2  i  1 =  i  1  i  1  0
6 4

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

eûc`x I eûc`xi mgxKiY

Type-1

GKwU wØNvZ mgxKi‡bi mvavib iƒc : ax 2  bx  c  0

 b  b 2  4ac
mgxKibwU‡K mgvavb Ki‡j x Gi `yBwU gvb cvIqv hvq| G‡`i‡K mgxKi‡bi g~j e‡j| x 
2a
jÿ¨ Ki, x Gi gvb †Kgb n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i b 2  4ac Gi gv‡bi Dci| ZvB b 2  4ac ‡K mgxKi‡bi wbðvqK e‡j|
ax 2  bx  c  0 mgxKi‡bi wbðvqK, b 2  4ac
1) b2  4ac  0 n‡j, g~jØq mgvb I ev¯Íe
2) b 2  4ac  0 n‡j, g~jØq ev¯Íe I Amgvb
3) b 2  4ac  0 n‡j, g~jØq RwUj I Amgvb n‡e|
4) b 2  4ac c~Y©eM© n‡j, g~jØq ev¯Íe, g~j` I Amgvb n‡e|

Question:1 2 x 2  6 x  5  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~‡ji cÖK…wZ †Kgb?

A) ev¯Íe I mgvb B) RwUj C) g~j` D) ev¯Íe I Amgvb
Solve: b  4ac  36  4.2.5  4  0
2
 g~jØq RwUj

Question:2: k Gi gvb KZ n‡j (k  1) x 2  4(k  2)  2k  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j `yBwU mgvb n‡e?

A) 4 B) 8 C) 2 D) 3
mgvavb :
mgxKibwUi wbðvqK : 4( k  2)  4.(k  1).2k
2

‡h‡nZz mgxKi‡bi g~j `yBwU mgvb myZivs, wbðvqK = 0

4(k  2)2  4.(k  1).2k =0
ev 16(k  4k  4)  (8k  8k )  0
2 2

ev 16k  64k  64  8k 2  8k  0
2

ev, 8k  72k  64  0
2

ev, 8k  64k  8k  64  0 ev, k (k  8)  8(k  8)  0  8)(k  8)  0 ev, k  8( Ans)

2
ev, (k

Type-2
ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq  .  n‡j,    ba    ca
Question : 3x2 – 2x – 1 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq  .  n‡j
1 1  
A) 2  2 B) 2  2 Gi gvb KZ?
   
4  4.3(1)
Solve :     2 ,    1 ,     = 4
3 3 3 3
2 ( 4 )
1 1  2   2 (    )(   )
a)  2   3 3  8
2   2 2 ( ) 2 ( 1 ) 2
3


3
   
  3   3 (   )3  3 (   ) 2 3  3  13 . 2 3 26
 2 2 2 
 
b) = =
2    ( ) 2 1
2 3
3
Type-3

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
GKwU g~j †`Iqv _vK‡j Aci g~j ev ARvbv gvb wbY©q msµvšÍ
a) x 2  ax  8  0 Gi GKwU g~j 4 n‡j Aci g~j I a Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
Solve: 4  8    2 [Aci g~j  a‡i] 4  2  a  a  6
Or, mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j 4 e‡j x  4 emv‡j mgxKiYwU wm× n‡e  4 2  a.4  8  0  a  6

Type-4: mgxKiY MVb msµvšÍ

bZzb g~j wewkó mgxKib MV‡bi myÎ: x 2  (g~j؇qi †hvMdj) x  g~j؇qi ¸bdj = 0
Question : x  7x  12  0 Gi g~jØq  ,
2
 n‡j (  +  ) I (   ) g~jwewkó mgxKiY-
A) 15x  84x  64  0 B) 15x  48x  64  0
2 2

C) 8x  48x  64  0 D) x  19x  84  0
2 2

mgvavb :
x 2  (g~j؇qi †hvMdj) x  g~j؇qi ¸bdj = 0
ev, x  (     ) x   (   )  0.......(1)
2

x 2  7 x  12  0 mgxKi‡bi g~jØq  I 
myZivs     7 Ges   12
   I  (1) bs mxKi‡b ewm‡q, x 2  (7  12) x  12  7  0 ev, x 2  19 x  84  0( Ans)
1 1 1 1
ax 2  bx  c  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq  ,  Ges wb‡Y©q mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq I n‡j, ,
   
gyj wewkó mgxKiY n‡e cx 2  bx  a  0
x2 Gi mnM n‡q hv‡e aªyeK c` Ges aªyeK c` n‡q hv‡e x2 Gi mnM Ges x Gi mnM AciewZ©Z _vK‡e|}
e¨L¨v t- {wPýmn
1 1
Ex : 6 x  5x  1  0 mgxKi‡bi g~jØq  ,  n‡j
2
, g~j wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki?
 
Solve: x  5x  6  0
2
[ wPýmn
2
x Gi mnM 6 Ges aªyeK c` 1 ci¯úi ¯’vb wewbgq K‡i Ges Gi mnM AciewZ©Z ‡i‡L cvB ]
Type-6

GKwU wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j  a  ib n‡j mgxKiYwU n‡e t

x2 -(2× ev¯Íe Ask) x +{(ev¯Íe)2 +(Aev¯Íe)2}= 0 ev x 2  2ax  (a 2  b 2 )  0
Ex : GKwU wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j  2  3i n‡j mgxKiYwU wbY©q Ki?
Solve : cÖ`Ë g~‡j a  2, b  3 myZivs Dc‡iv³ †UKwbK Abyhvqx,
mgxKiY t x 2  {2(2)}x  {(2) 2  32 }  0  x 2  4 x  13  0

wØc`x Dccv`¨

Type-1 : (a + x)n Gi we¯Í…wZi ‡Kvb c` ev mnM wbY©q

Question : (2x2- 3 )11 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z x10 KZZg c‡` Av‡Q Ges Bnvi mnM KZ?
x
mgvavb :
GB †ÿ‡Î Avgv‡`i‡K ai‡Z n‡e x10, (r + 1) Zg c‡` Av‡Q| GLv‡b (r+1) Gi gvb †ei Ki‡j ÔKZ Zg c‡`Õ DËiwU cvIqv hv‡e|
(2x2- 3 )11 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z (r +1) Zg c` = 11Cr (2x2)11-r.(- 3 )r = 11Cr (2)11-r (-3)r (x)22-2r
x x
‡h‡nZz GB c‡` x10 Av‡Q myZivs (x)22-2r = x10 ev, 22 - 3r = 10 ev, r = 4
 x10 Gi mnM = 11C4(2)11-4.(-3)4
Type-
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিু
2 ক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

(a+x)n Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z, `y&BwU µwgK c‡`i AbycvZ = n  r  1 . x (we:`ª : r = `yBwU µwgK c‡`i g‡a¨ c‡ii c‡`i r)
r a
Question : (1+x)44 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z, 21Zg I 22 Zg c` `yBwU mgvb n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
mgvavb : ‡h‡nZz 21Zg I 22Zg `yBwU µwgK c` myZivs c` `yBwUi AbycvZ = 44  21  1 . x  1  1 ev, x = 21  7
21 1 1 24 8
(22Zg c‡`i r Gi gvb = 21 KviY ‡h‡Kvb c`‡K r + 1 Zg c` wn‡m‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq)
wb‡R Ki :
n
Q1 :  3  x  Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z x7 I x8 Gi mnM `yBwU mgvb n‡j n Gi gvb KZ? [n  N ] [Ans : 55]
 2
Q2 : (1+x)24 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z `yBwU µwgK c` wbY©q Ki, hv‡`i mn‡Mi AbycvZ 4 : 1 n‡e| [Ans. 24C4 x4 Ges 24
C5 x5]

Type-3
1
Question1:. (1+2x+3x2+4x3+...............  ) 2 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z xr Gi mnM KZ?
1 1
mgvavb t (1+2x+3x2+4x3+...............  ) 2 = {(1-x)-2} 2 = (1-x)-1 = 1+x+x2+x3+.....+xr+...... 
 xr Gi mnM =1
Question2:. 4 x 2 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z xn Gi mnM KZ?
(1  x)
mgvavb t 4x (1-x)-2 = 4x(1+2x+3x2+4x3+....+nxn-1+(n+1)xn+.....  )  xn Gi mnM =4n
KwbK

cive„Ë
(Parabola)
cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY y 2  4ax x 2  4ay
1 kxl© we›`y (A) (0,0) (0,0)
2 Dc‡K›`ª/†dvKvm (S) (a, 0) (a, 0)
3 wØKv¶/wbqvg‡Ki mgxKiY x+a=0 y+a=0
4 A‡¶i mgxKiY y=0 x=0
5 Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ‰`N©¨ 4a 4a
6 Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i mgxKiY x=a y=a

 y 2  4ax cive„‡Ëi ( x1 , y1 ) we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY : yy1  2a( x  x1 )

 y  mx  c ‡iLvwU y 2  4ax cive„ˇK ¯úk© Ki‡j, c  a
m
Type-01 : mgxKiY †_‡K wewfbœ Dcv`vb †ei Ki‡Z
n‡e
Question: y 2  8 x  2 y  23  0 cive„‡Ëi, kxl©we›`y; Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK, Dc‡Kw›`ªK j¤^, w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

Solve : y 2  8 x  2 y  23  0
 y2  2 y  1  8x  24  4(2)(x  3)  ( y  1) 2  8( x  3)
Y 2  4aX Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K†i kx©l,(X,Y)  (0,0)
X  x  3, Y  y  1  x  3  0, y  1  0
x  3, y  1 kx©l (3,1) ( Ans . )
Dc‡K›`ª S  (a,0)

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
x  3  2  x  1 y  1  10 y  1
 S  (1,1)
Dc‡Kw›`ªK j¤^,  4 a  8 (Ans.)
w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY X  a  x  3  (2)
 x  5 (Ans.)

Type-02 : Dc‡K›`ª I w`Kv¶ †`qv Av‡Q, mgxKiY wbY©q

Question: (1, 1) Dc‡K›`ª I 3x  4y  1w`Kv¶ wewkó cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY †ei Ki|

Solve : SP  e.PM
3x  4 y  1
 (x  1)2  ( y  1)2 = (e  1)
32  42
 ( x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  2)25 = 9x 2  16 y 2  1  24 xy  8y  6x
 16 x  9 y 2  44x  42 y  24 xy  49  0 (Ans.)
2

Type-02 : ¯úk©K

Question: 2x  y  2  0 †iLvwU y  4ax cive„ˇK ¯úk© K‡i Zvi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ‰`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
2

Solve : y  2x  2
c  2, m  2 a = 2.2= 4
c  a  a  cm  Dc‡Kw›`ªK j¤^= 4.4 = 16 (Ans.)
m
Dce„Ë

m~Îmg~n
Av`k© mgxKiY 2 2
x 2  y  1, a  b x 2  y  1, b  a
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
1 ‡K›`ª (0,0) (0,0)
2 e„nr A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ 2a 2b
3 ¶z`ª A‡¶i ‰`N©¨ 2b 2a
4 Dc‡K›`ª (ae,0) (0,be)
5 e„nr A‡¶i mgxKiY y=0 x=0
6 ¶z`ª A‡¶i mgxKiY x=0 y= 0
7 w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiY
x= a y=  b
e e
8 Dc‡Kw›`ªK j¤^ 2b 2
2a 2

a b
9 Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i mgxKiY x  ae y  be

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
10 Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv
a 2  b2 b2  a 2
a2 b2
13 ‡dvKvm؇qi `~iZ¡ 2ae 2be
14 wbqvg‡Ki `~iZ¡
2a 2b
e e
15 ‡¶Îdj  ab  ab

Type-1: mgxKiY †_‡K wewfbœ Dcv`vb †ei Ki‡Z n‡e

2
 3
y 
( x  1)

2
2
Quistion:  1 Gi Dr†Kw›`ªKZv, †K›`ª I Dc‡K›`ªØ‡qi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Ki|
9 5
2
 3
y 
( x  1) 2  2
Solve :   1 hv GKwU Dce„Ë wb‡`©k K‡i|
9 5
X2 Y2
  1 Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K†i, GLv‡b X  x  1, Y  y  3

 
9 5 2
†K›`ª (0,0) : x  1  0  x  1, y  3  0, y  3  ‡K›`ª  1, 3 (Ans.)
2 2 2
Dr†Kw›`ªKZv: a  9, b  5, e  a 2 b  9  5  2
2 2
2 2
a 9 3
Dc‡K›`ª (ae,0) :

GLv‡b X  x  1, Y  y  3  x  1   ae  x  1  .3 2
2 3
 x  2  1,  3,1 y  3  0,
2
y 3
2
  1, 32 
S  3, 3 ,
2
(Ans.)
Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK¸‡jv Option †PK K‡i mwVK DËiwU wbY©q Kiv hvq| wb‡gœ Technic ¸‡jv we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

Technic 1: Dc‡K›`ª wbY©q K‡i

Question : Ggb GKwU Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi Dr†Kw›`ªKZv 1 Ges Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ 8
3
2 2
x2  y  1 2 y 2 y2
A) B) x  1 C) x  1 D)‡KvbwUB bq
18 81 81 18 9 25
2 y2 2
mgvavb : x2  2  1 Dce„‡Ëi Dr†Kw›`ªKZv e  1  b 2 Option B, Dce„ËwUi Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv = 1  18  1  DËi : b
a b a 81 3

Technic 2 : Dce„Ë Aa¨v‡qi m~θ‡jv Øviv Option test K‡i

Question : Ggb GKwU Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hvi e„nr A¶ 12 Ges Dr†Kw›`ªKZv 1
3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A) x  y 1 B) x  y 1 C) x 
y
1 D) x2  y  1
81 18 36 32 8 4 9 25
2 2
y
Solve : Avgiv Rvwb, x2  2  1 Dce„‡Ëi e„nr A‡¶i ‰`N©¨ = 2 a
a b
j¶ Ki, Option B, Dce„ËwUi e„nr A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ = 2 6 = 12  DËi : B

Hyperpola-
Awae„Ë
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
m~Îmg~n t
i Av`k© mgxKiY 2
y2 x 2
x2  y  1  1
a 2 b2 b2 a 2
ii ‡K›`ª (0, 0 ) (0, 0 )

iii Dc‡K›`ª (ae,0) (0,be)

iv AbyeÜx A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ 2b 2a

v kxl©Ø‡qi ¯’vbv¼ (  a,0) ( 0,b)

vi Avo A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ 2a 2b

vii Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv
e a 2  b2 e a 2  b2
a2 b2
viii Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i ‰`N©¨ 2b 2 2a 2
a b
ix Avo A‡¶i mgxKiY y0 x0

x AYyeÜx A‡¶i mgxKiY x0 y0

xi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i mgxKiY x  ae y  be
xii wbqvg‡Ki mgxKiY
a yb
e e

Type-01: mgxKiY †_‡K wewfbœ Dcv`vb †ei Ki

Quistion: 9 y  16 x  54 y  64 x  127  0 Awae„‡Ëi Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv; I bvwfi ¯’vbv¼ Ges bvwf j‡¤^i ‰`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
2 2

9( y 2  6 y  9)  16( x 2  4x  4)
 127  81  64
( y  3) 2 ( x  2) 2
 9( y  3) 2  16( x  2) 2  144   1
16 9
 e a 2  b 2 [ x 2 Gi mnM (-) FYvZ¥K]
b2
= 16  9  5  X  x  2, Y  y  3
16 4
 bvwfi (Dc‡K‡›`ªi) ¯’vbv¼ t Y  be, x  0
 y  3   4. 5 , x  2  0  y  3  5, x  2  y  8,2  S(2,8); (2,2) bvwf j‡¤^i ‰`N©¨
4
2
 2a  2.9  9 Ans.
b 4 2
ejwe`¨v
ejwe`¨v †_‡K 1/2 wU AsK cixÿvq Av‡m| Avevi GB K‡qKwU AsK c`v_© weÁvb wel‡qi 1 †_‡K 6 Aa¨vq fvj K‡i co‡jB mgvavb Kiv hv‡e| ZvB
ejwe`¨vq Lye †ekx mgq bó bv K‡i wb‡¤œi wKQz m~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM + c`v_© weÁvb + ejwe`¨v †_‡K weMZ eQ‡ii cÖkœ mgvavb Ki‡jB Avkv Kiv hvq cixÿvq
Kgb c‡o hv‡e|
e‡ji mvgšÍwiK m~Î

 †Kvb GKwU we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj `yBwU ej‡K hw` GKwU mvgšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU mwbœwnZ evû Øviv w`‡K I gv‡b wb‡`©k Kiv hvq, Z‡e H we›`yMvgx KY©wU Bnv‡`i
jwä‡K w`‡K, gv‡b I Ae¯’v‡b m¤ú~Y©fv‡e m~wPZ Ki‡e|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
hw` O we›`y‡Z  †Kv‡Y wµqvkxj `yBwU ej P I Q †K w`‡K I gv‡b Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq Ges ej؇qi jwä R hw` P e‡ji wµqv †iLv Gi mv‡_
 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i, Zvn‡j e‡ji mvgvšÍwiK m~Î n‡Z cvB,
Q sin  Q sin 
R  P 2  Q2  2PQ cos  Ges tan    tan 1
P  Q cos  P  Q cos 

Q
α R
GLb KZ¸‡jv we‡kl ‡¶Î j¶¨ Kiv hvK|
(i) P I Q mgvb I wecixZ gyLx n‡j   180  R
o P  P2  P2  2P2 cos180o = 2p 2  2p 2  0
A_©vr GKB we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj mgvb I wecixZgyLx `yBwU e‡ji jwä 0 (k~b¨) Ges Dnviv fvimvg¨ m„wó Ki‡e|
(ii) Abyiæc fv‡e,   0 n‡j, R  P  Q  R max
o

(iii)   90 n‡j, R  P 2  Q 2
o

P 2 sin  cos 
(ii) P I Q Gi gvb mgvb nB‡j, R  2P cos  Ges tan   P sin   2 2  tan  A_©vr   
2 P  P cos  2  2 2
P 2 cos
2
 GKB we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj `yBwU mgvb I wecixZgyLx ej fvimvg¨ m„wó Ki‡e|
 ‡Kvb we›`y‡Z GKB †iLvq GKB w`‡K wµqviZ `yBwU e‡ji jwä Zv‡`i exRMvwYwZK †hvMd‡ji mgvb|
 `yBwU ej ci¯úi wecixZ w`‡K wµqv Ki‡j Zv‡`i jwä n‡e ej؇qi we‡qvM e‡ji mgvb|
 GKB we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj `yBwU mgvb e‡ji jwä Zv‡`i AšÍM©Z †KvY‡K mgwØLwÛZ Ki‡e|
Question:GKwU KYvi Dci 2 wgt/‡mt 3 wgt/†mt Ges 5 wgt/†mt gv‡bi wZbwU †eM Ggb wZbwU w`‡K Av‡ivc Kiv n‡jv ‡hb KYvwU w¯’wZkxj _v‡K|
¶z`ªZi gv‡bi †eM `yBwUi ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ?
mgvavb : †h‡nZz †eM wZbwU mvg¨ve¯’vq Av‡Q ZvB Avgiv 5 wgt/†mt gv‡bi †eMwU‡K Aci `ywU †e‡Mi jwä †eM wn‡m‡e ai‡Z cvwi| ¶z`ªZi gv‡bi †eM
`y‡Uvi ga¨eZx© †Kvb  n‡j, 5  2  3  2.2.3 cos 
2 2 2

 25  4  9  12 cos   12 cos   12  cos   1  cos 0    0 Ans.

o o

Question: GKwU KYvi Dci 3, 5 Ges 7 wgUvi/†mt gv‡bi wZbwU †eM wewfbœ w`K n‡Z Kvh©Ki _vK‡jI w¯’wZkxj i‡q‡Q| ¶z`ªZi `yBwU ‡e‡Mi ga¨eZx©
†Kvb KZ?
1
mgvavb : 3, 5 e‡ji ga¨eZx© †KvY  awi‡j, 7 2  32  52  2.3.5 cos   cos   cos 60 o    60 o
2
Question:`yBwU mgvb ej †Kvb GKwU we›`y‡Z Kvh©iZ| hw` Bnv‡`i jwäi eM© Bnv‡`i ¸Yd‡ji wZb¸Y nq, Z‡e ej؇qi ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ?
mgvavb : awi, mgvb ej P Ges ga©eZx© †KvY  |
 3P  P  P  2P.P cos   3  2  2 cos   cos   1  cos 60o    60
2 2 2 o
2
Question: ‡Kvb we›`y‡Z wµqviZ `yBwU e‡ji GKwUi gvb AciwUi wظb n‡j Ges Zv‡`i jwä ¶z`ªZiwUi Dci j¤^ n‡j ej؇qi AšÍf©y³ †KvY n‡e-
mgvavb : GKwUi gvb P n‡j AciwUi gvb= 2P
2 P sin  2 P sin  1 2 P sin 
tan 90 o    
P  2 P cos P  2 P cos 0 P  2 P cos
 P  2P cos =0  cos    1  cos120o    120
o
2

ej ms‡hvR‡bi wÎfyR m~Î

 †Kvb GKwU we›`y‡Z Kvh©iZ wZbwU ej †Kvb wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evû Øviv w`‡K gv‡b I GKBµ‡g m~wPZ nB‡j, Bnviv mvg¨e¯’vq _vwK‡e|

Question: wb‡gœi †Kvb ejÎq wÎfy‡Ri evû Øviv w`‡K, gv‡b I GKB µ‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j w¯’Zve¯’vq _vK‡e?
a) 1N, 2N, 4N b) 3N, 4N, 5N
c) 10N, 20N, 50N d) 5N, 20N, 50N

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
mgvavb : wZbwU ej mvg¨e¯’vq _vK‡e hLb wZbwU e‡ji gvb wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi gv‡bi gZ n‡e| A_©vr †h †Kvb `yBwU e‡ji †hvMdj Z…Zxq ej A‡cÿv
e„nËi n‡e| myZivs DËi : B

j¤^vs‡ki Dccv`¨

 GK we›`yMvgx `yBwU e‡ji †Kvb GK w`‡K j¤^vsk `yBwUi exRMwYZxq †hvMdj GKB w`‡K Zv‡`i jwäi j¤^vs‡ki mgvb|
e¨vL¨v t hw` P I Q `ywU ej Ges Zv‡`i jwä F wbw`©ó †iLvi mv‡_ h_vµ‡g ,  I  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zvn‡j,
 P cos  Q cos   F cos
 P sin   Q sin   F sin 
Question: hw` A we›`y‡Z GKwU KYv cv‡ki wPÎvbyhvqx Kvh©iZ T, S, P I W cwigv‡Yi ej Øviv w¯’Zve¯’vq _v‡K Z‡e T KZ?

S T
45
P

W
a) W  P b) P  W c) P  2W d) 2P
W
mgvavb : ej wefvR‡bi m~Î n‡Z cvB,
P cos 0o  T cos 90o  S cos(90o  45o )  W cos 270o  R cos  0 ( KviY ej¸wj w¯’Zve¯’vq _v‡K|)
S
 P  S sin 45o  0  P  S  0  P  ...................(i)
2 2
Avevi, P sin 0  T sin 90  S sin( 90  45 )  W sin 270  0
o o o o o

S S
 T  S cos 45o  W  0 T  W  0  T  P  W  0 [(i) ‡_‡K  p] T W  P
2 2

jvgxÕi Dccv`¨
 †Kvb we›`y‡Z Kvh©iZ wZbwU GKZjxq ej mvg¨ve¯’vq _vwK‡j, Bnv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwU ej Aci ej `yBwUi wµqv †iLvi ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi mvB‡bi mgvbycvwZK|
e¨vL¨v t hw` O we›`y‡Z wµqviZ OA, OB, OC eivei P, Q, R ejvÎq mvg¨ve¯’vq _v‡K| †hLv‡b , ,  h_vµ‡g Q I R, P I R Ges
P I Q e‡ji wµqv‡iLvi ga¨eZx© †Kvb| Zvn‡j jvgxÕi m~Î †K wbgœwjwLZ fv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
P  Q  R | jvgxÕi m~Î wecixZµ‡gI mZ¨|
sin  sin  sin 
Question: ‡Kvb we›`y‡Z wZbwU GK Zjxq ej wµqv K‡i mvg¨
e¯’vi m„wó K‡i| Zv‡`I cÖ_g I wØZxqwUi AšÍf©y³ †KvY 900 Ges wØZxq I Z…ZxqwUi AšÍf©y³ †KvY 1200 n‡j ej wZbwUi AbycvZ KZ?
mgvavb :
awi ej wZbwU n‡”Q P, Q, R
P Q R P Q R
myZivs jvgxi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i,     
sin 120 sin 150 sin 90 3 1 1
2 2
3 1
myZivs ej wZbwUi AbycvZ = : :1  3 :1: 2
2 2
m`„k mgvšÍivj e‡ji jwä

 P I Q gv‡bi `ywU m`„k mgvšÍivj e‡ji jwä R = P + Q Ges w`K e„nËi e‡ji mgvšÍivj|
 `ywU m`„k mgvšÍivj ej P I Q hw` AB †iLvi A I B we›`y‡Z wµqv K‡i Ges Zv‡`i jwä hw` C we›`y‡Z wµqv K‡i Z‡e, P.AC  Q.BC

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম A

পেগত আমাগের
C পেসিুক Bপেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ A ৮০ ৯১A A
P R Q
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Question: AB GKwU nvjKv i‡Wi `yB cÖv‡šÍ wµqviZ `yBwU mgvšÍivj m`„k e‡ji jwä 16 N Ges jwäi wµqvwe›`y AB †K 5 : 3 Abycv‡Z wef³
K‡i| ejØq KZ?
a) 6N I 10 N b) 20 N I 10 N c) 7 N I 6 N d) 10 N I 5 N
3Q
mgvavb : P  AC  Q  BC  P5  Q3  P 
5
3Q
16=P+Q  16   Q  Q  10
5
Q Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB P = 6
Question: GKRb †jvK 1 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU jvwVi GK cªv‡šÍ 50N IRb Szwj‡q Zvi Kuva †_‡K 0.4 wgUvi †cQ‡b mgfv‡e enb Ki‡Z PvB‡j jvwVi
Aci cªv‡šÍ nvZ w`‡q KZ ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e? †jvKwU Kuv‡ai Dci KZ ej Abyfe Ki‡e?
mgvavb : awi, nvZ w`‡q jvwVi Aci cªv‡šÍ F ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GLb, e¯‘i IRb Ges nvZ w`‡q cÖ‡qvMK…Z e‡ji jwä n‡e †jvKwUi Kvua eivei|
myZivs 50  0.4 = F  0.6  F  33.33 N
Kuv‡ai Dci cÖhy³ ej n‡e e¯‘i IRb Ges nvZ w`‡q cÖ‡qvMK…Z e‡ji jwäi mgvb| myZivs †jvKwU Kv‡ai Ici 50 + 33.33 = 83.33N ej Abyfe
Kwi‡e|
 ‡Kvb ¯Í‡¤¢i kxl© n‡Z 19.5m / sec †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K cÖw¶ß †Kvb KYv 5 sec c‡i ¯Í‡¤¢i cv`‡`‡k cwZZ n‡j ¯Í‡¤¢i D”PZv-
1 2
mgvavb : h D”PZvq Aew¯’Z †Kvb we›`y n‡Z GKwU e¯‘‡K u †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡¶c Ki‡j D”PZv, h  ut  gt
2
1 1
h   ut  gt 2  19.5  5   9.8  5 2  25 m
2 2
we¯Ívi cwigvc I m¤¢vebv

m¤¢ve¨Zv †_‡K †gvUv‡gvwU mnR AsK¸‡jvB cix¶vq Av‡m| Z‡e Basic concept Lye Clear _vK‡Z n‡e|
mn‡R GB Aa¨v‡qi AsK Kivi wbqg t
Ges Gi Rb¨ () e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
A_ev Gi Rb¨ (+) e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

gy`ªv m¤úwK©Z AsK

1| `yBwU gy`ªv GKmv‡_ wb‡¶c Ki‡j cÖ_gwU‡Z †nW Ges nqwU‡Z ‡Uj cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
Solve :‡nW Ges †Uj = 1  1  1
2 2 4
2| `yBwU gy`ªv GKmv‡_ wb‡c¶ Ki‡j `yBwU‡Z GKB iKg cxV cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
Solve : 2 2  2 2 
(†nW Ges †nW) A_ev (†Uj Ges †Uj)= 1  1  1  1  1
2
3| `yBwU gy`ªv GKmv‡_ wb‡¶c Ki‡j `yBwU‡Z wfbœ iKg cxV cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
2 2  2 2 
Solve : (H & T) ev (T & H) = 1  1  1  1  1
4

Q°v m¤úwK©Z
AsK
`yBwU Q°v GKmv‡_ wb‡¶c Ki‡j Total QwÎkwU (36) NUbv N‡Z c‡i|
(i) `yBwU Q°v GKmv‡_ wb‡¶c Ki‡j `yBwU‡Z GKB iKg cxV cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
Solve : AbyK~j NUbv 6wU [(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)] myZivs DËi t 6
36
ii. `yBwU‡Z wfbœ iKg cxV cvIqvi m¤¢vebv = 1  6  5
36 6
Q°v I gy`ªv

1| GKwU Q°v I GKwU gy`ªv GKmv‡_ wb‡¶c Ki‡j Q°vi Qq Ges gy`ªvi †nW cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Solve : (Q°vq Qq) Ges (gy`ªvq †nW)= 1  1  1

6 2 12
ej/gv‡e©j m¤úwK©Z AsK

1| GKwU cv‡Î 4wU mv`v ej I 3wU Kv‡jv ej Av‡Q| ˆ`ePqb c×wZ‡Z cici `yBwU (ej Zzj‡j ‡ej¸‡jv c~Y©¯’vcb bv K‡i)
i. 1g ejwU mv`v Ges nq ejwU Kv‡jv nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
7 6 
Solve : mv`v Ges Kv‡jv = 4  3 [cÖ_‡g GKwU mv`v ej Zz‡j †djvi ci GKwU ej K‡g †M‡Q ZvB 7 Gi ¯’‡j 6 n‡q‡Q]

7 6 
ii. `yBwUB mv`v nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ? Solve : mv`v Ges mv`v= 4  3  2
7
7 6  7 6  7
iii. `yBwUB GKB is‡qi nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?Solve : (mv`v Ges mv`v) A_ev (Kv‡jv Ges Kv‡jv) = 4  3  3  2 = 3

iv. ej `yBwU wfbœ is‡qi nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ? Solve : (mv`v Ges Kv‡jv) A_ev (Kv‡jv Ges mv`v)= 4  3  3  4   4
7 6 7 6 7
AsK
m¤úwK©Z
1| 1-30 ch©šÍ msL¨v¸‡jv †_‡K GKwU msL¨v ‡mwU †gŠwjK nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
† gŠwjK msL¨v
Ans. P = = 10  1 [1 †gŠwjK msL¨v bq]
† gŠwjK msL¨v bq 30 3
2| 1-99 ch©šÍ msL¨v¸‡jv †_‡K GKwU msL¨v wb‡j †mwU eM© nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
Solve : 1-99 ch©šÍ eM© msL¨v n‡”Q 9wU KviY [92  81, 10 2  100]
 Ans = 9  1
99 11
3| 1-520 ch©šÍ msL¨v¸‡jv †_‡K GKwU msL¨v wb‡j †mwU Nb msL¨v nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
Solve : 1-520 ch©šÍ Nb msL¨v n‡”Q 8wU [Hints : 8  512, 9  729]
3 3

 Ans = 8  1
520 65
4| 30-70 ch©šÍ msL¨v¸‡jv †_‡K GKwU msL¨v wb‡j †mwU cuvP Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?
Solve : 30-70 ch©šÍ †gvU msL¨v 41wU Ges cuvP Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v 9wU|
 Ans = 9
41 Others

1| GKwU AÜKvi iæ‡g 5 †Rvov Kv‡jv †gvRv Ges 3 †Rvov jvj †gvRv Av‡Q| GKRb †jvK bv †`‡L †gvRv co‡j-
i. `yB cv‡q GKB is‡qi †gvRv covi m¤¢vebv KZ? ii. `yB cv‡q wfbœ is‡qi †gvRv covi m¤¢vebv KZ?
mgvavb :
i. (Kv‡jv Ges Kv‡jv) A_ev (jvj Ges jvj) 16 15  16 15  16
= 10  9  6  5  9

ii. (Kv‡jv Ges jvj) A_ev (jvj Ges Kv‡jv) = 10  6   6  10   1

16 15 16 15 2

Important questions

1.GKwU cix¶vq 10 Rb cix¶v_x©i g‡a¨ wVK wZb Rb cvm Kivi m¤¢ve¨Zv wbY©q Ki| g‡b Kiv hvq mK‡jB mgvb †gavex|
 
A) 10C3  / 2
1 10
B) 10C3  / 2
1
 3
 
C) 10C3  / 2
1 7
D) None
1 3
2. 2 †_‡K 15 ch©šÍ msL¨v n‡Z †h †Kvb 1 wU ˆ`ePq‡b wb‡j msL¨vwU †gŠwjK nevi m¤¢veZv KZ?A) B) C) 3 7
3 7 8 D) 16

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
2
1
3. 
F x 
X
2
n‡j F 2  F 3  ? K)
5
32
L)
15
32
M)
9
32
N) 11
X 2 16
4. F ( x)   ln x Gi wecixZ dvskb †KvbwU ? K) ex L) e x M) e N) †KvbwUB bq|

5. GK c¨v‡KU Zvm †_‡K cici wZbLvbv Zvm cybt¯’vcb bv K‡i †bqv n‡j Zvm wZbwU †U°v nevi m¤¢vebv KZ?
5 7 1 1
A) B) C) D)
1756 4851 5525 4847

6. f ( x)  1  x2 Gi †Wv‡gBb = ? K)  1    1 L)  1    1 M)  1    1 N)  1    1
1 x  2x  1 x 1 x 1 x
7. f ( x)  log n‡j, f    ? K) 2 log
2
L) 3 log M) 2 log N) †KvbwUB bq
1 x  1  x  1 x 1 x 1 x

8. x  1  i 2 n‡j x4  4 x3  6 x2  4x  9 Gi gvb KZ? K) 1 L) 0 M) 12 N) i  1

9. 10 wU gy`ªv GK‡Î wb‡¶c Ki‡j 3 wU gv_v cvIqvi m¤¢vebv KZ?A) 15 B) 3 C) 5 D) 5

128 82 138 183
10. †KvbwU Agyj` msL¨v ? K) L)  33 M) e N) me¸‡jv
11. X  13 Gi mgvavb wK ? K) X   4 L) X 2 M) 8 X 2 N) 4 X  2

12. †KvbwU Agyj` msL¨v bq ?K) 4.272727 L) 4.721271 M) 0.356621 N) †KvbwUB bq

13. 2 X 6 †K cig gvb wPý e¨venvi K‡i cÖKvk Ki‡j †KvbwU n‡e ?
K) X  2 4 L) X  4 2 M) X  2 2 N) X  2 4
14. 5 X 11 n‡j †KvbwU mwVK ? K) X  3 8 L) X  3 8 M) X  4 8 N) X  511
15. eM©g~j wbY©q Ki t - 8  6  1 =? K) (1  3i) L) (3  i ) M) (3  i) N) (1  3i)

16. (1  w  w2 )(1  w2  w4 )(1  w4  w8 )(1  w8  w16)  ? K) 4 L) 8 M) 9 N) 16

2 2
(1  i)  (1  i)
17. ? K) 0 L) 1 M) i N) i
(1  i) 2  (1  i) 2
4  3i
18. Gi gWyjvm KZ ? K) 1 L) 0 M) 5 N) 10
4  3i
19. i  i  ? K) 3 L) 2 M) 2 N) 1

26
20. 4
 169 Gi gvb KZ ? K) 
26
(1  i ) L)  (1  i ) M) 
26
(1  i ) N) 
26
(1  i )
4 2 4 2

21. 1  w  w2  0 n‡j w1994  w1995  ? K) w L)  w

2
M)  w3 N) 1
9 16 9 9
22. px 2  3x  4  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸wj mgvb nB‡e hw`Ñ A p  B. p  C. p D. p 
16 9 16 16
23. (k  1) x 2  (k  2) x  4  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j¸wji ev¯Íe Ges mgvb nB‡j, k =?
A. 2 ev 5 B. 10 ev 5 C.2 ev 10 D. †KvbUvB bq
24. ev¯Íe mnM wewkó GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY MVb Ki hvnvi GKwU gyj  5  1 nB‡eÑ
A. x 2  2x  6  0 B. x 2  2x  6  0 C. x 2  6x  2  0 D. x2  2x  6  0
25. x 2  ax  8  0 mgxKi‡Yi GKwU g~j 4 n‡j a=? A.2 B. 6 C. -2 D.-6
1 1 6 15
26. x 2  2x  3  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq  ,  ? A.60
n‡j B. C. D. 25
  4   4 59 17
k- Gi gvb KZ n‡j x  6 x  1  k (2 x  1)  0 mgxKiYwUi g~j mgvb n‡e|
2
27.
A. 5 A_ev 2 B. -5 A_ev 2 C.-5 A_ev -2 D. 5 A_ev -2
28. bx‡Pi †Kvb mgxKiYwUi g~jØq, 17 x  3x  14  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j؇qi †hvMdj I ¸Yd‡ji mgvb nB‡e?
2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
42
A. x 2  x  289  0 B. x2  x  0 C. 289( x
2
 x)  42  0 D. †KvbwUB bq|
289
1  1 
29. x 2  6 x  p  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq  I  Ges 8 x 2  10 x  q  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq I n‡j, p=?
 
5
A.  B. 24 C. 3 D. 8
4
1 1
30. 2x 2  3x  1  0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq hw`  Ges  nq Z‡e †Kvb mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq Ges nB‡e?
 
A. 3x 2  2 x  1  0 B. x 2  3x  2  0 C. 2x 2  x  2  0 D. x 2  3x  2  0
1 2 1 2  7 10  1 2 
31. hw` A  I B  n‡j AB=? A. 15 22  B. 3 4  C.A I B DfqB D. ¸Yb Am¤¢e
3 4 3 4    
1 2
hw` A    nq Z‡e A-1=?
4 
32.
3
1 4  3 1  4  2 1  4  3 1  4  2
A.     C.      
1  2   2 1  2   3 1 
B. D.
2  2 2  3 1 
  2 2 
  g¨vwÆ·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw`Ñ
  4 
33. A.-4,6 B. -6,5 C. (4,6) D. (-6,-5)
 8
1 a a2
34. 1 b b 2 GB wbY©vq‡Ki gvb KZ?
1 c c2
A. (b  a) (c  b) (a  c) B. (a  b) (b  c) (c  a) C. (a  b) (b  c) (c  a) D.‡KvbwUB bq|
13 16 19
35. 14 x 20  0 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? A.17 B. 16 C.15 D. ( B or C )
15 18 21
 a2 ab ac
36. ab  b2 bc =? A.0 B. 1 C.4abc D. 4a 2 b 2 c 2
ac bc  c2
1 2 3
1 2 7 8 1  2 1  2
37. 4 5 6 wbY©vq‡K 6 Gi mn ¸YK KZ? A. B. C. D.
7 8 1 2 7 8 7 8
7 8 9
38. cÖwZevi cÖ_g Ges †k‡l U †i‡L CALCULUS kãwUi A¶i¸‡jv‡K KZ fv‡e mvRv‡bv hv‡e?A)180 B) 280 C) 90 D)
360
39. 3,5,7,8,9 AsK¸‡jv GKevi e¨envi K‡i 7000 †_‡K eo Pvi AsK wewkó KZ¸‡jv msL¨v MVb Kiv hvq|
A) 72 B) 18 C) 12 D) 27
40. SCIENCE kãwUi ¯^ieb©¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î †i‡L meKwU eb©‡K KZ Dcv‡q mvRv‡bv hvq- A) 180 B) 120 C) 140 D) 420
41. hw` TIME kãwUi A¶i¸wj‡K c~Y©web¨vm Kiv nq Z‡e KZ¸‡jv web¨vm ¯^ieY© Øviv ïiæ n‡e A) 6 B) 24 C) 32 D) 12
42. 1,2,4,6,8,9 A¶i¸‡jv cybive„wË mn e¨envi K‡i wZb As‡Ki KZ¸‡jv msL¨v ‰Zwi Kiv hv‡e
A) 20 B) 60 C) 120 D)216
43. GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z 12 evû wewkó GKwU eûf~‡Ri K‡Y©i msL¨v-? A) 220 B) 54 C) 66 D) 12
44. PERMUTATION kãwUi eb©¸‡jv †Kvb ¯^ie‡b©i Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b bv K‡i KZ iK‡g c~Y©web¨vm Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
A) 252 B) 359 C) 350 D) 424
45. 2,3,4,5,6,7 AsK ¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vB GKevi gvÎ wb‡q Pvi As‡Ki KZ¸‡jv c„_K msL¨v MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
A) 740 B) 360 C) 940 D) 1040
46. 1,2,3,5,6,7 cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨vq †KejgvÎ GKevi e¨envi K‡i 5000 Ges 6000 Gi ga¨eZ©x KqwU msL¨v MVb Kiv hvq-
A) 120 B) 2880 C) 5040 D) 60
47. ZIGZAG kãwUi A¶i¸‡jv‡K †gvU KZ fv‡e wfbœ wfbœ AvKv‡i mvRv‡bv nq-A) 720 B) 1440 C) 360 D) 180
48. 3 Rb evjK I 4 Rb evwjKv‡K GKwU mvwi‡Z KZ cÖKv‡i web¨vm Kiv hv‡e †hLv‡b 3 Rb evjK me©`vB GK‡Î _vK‡e?
A) 4320 B) 2430 C) 720 D) 144
49. 6 Rb QvÎ I 5 Rb QvÎx †_‡K 5 R‡bi GKwU KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z AšÍZ GKRb QvÎ I GKRb QvÎx AšÍf~©³ _v‡K| KZ wfbœ cÖKv‡i G
KwgwU MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
A) 360 B) 160 C) 410 D) 455
50. 12wU eB‡qi g‡a¨ 5 wU eB KZ cÖKv‡i evQvB Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z wbw`©ó `yBwU eB me©`v ev` _v‡K
A) 120 B) 225 C) 252 D) 128
51. 4 Rb gwnjv I 6 Rb cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ n‡Z Pvi m`m¨ wewkó GKwU KwgwU KZ cÖKv‡i MVb Kiv hv‡e hv‡Z GKRb wbw`©ó cyiæl me©`vB AšÍf~©³ _vK‡e|
A) 504 B) 210 C) 126 D) 84
52. 8 Rb e¨w³ n‡Z 5 m`‡m¨i GKwU KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z 3 Rb we‡kl e¨vw³i me©vwaK 1 Rb AšÍf~©³ _vK‡e|
A) 15 B) 56 C) 16 D) 18
53. 10 Rb evjK I 8 Rb evwjKv †_‡K 2 Rb evjK Ges 2 Rb evwjKv KZ Dcv‡q evQvB Kiv hv‡e|
A) 73 B) 1260 C) 3060 D) 5060
54. n c  n c n‡j n c11 Gi gvb - A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14
5 7
55. 15 wU cy¯ÍK n‡Z 5 wU cy¯ÍK KZ cÖKv‡i evQvB Kiv hvq, †hLv‡b 2wU wbw`©ó cy¯ÍK me`©vB _vK‡e
A) 13c B) 15c C) 13c D) 13c 2
3 3 5

56. n c12 = nc8 n‡j n Gi gvb - A) 20 B) 8 C) -12 D) 49

57. LOGARITHMS kãwUi eY©¸‡jv †_‡K wZbwU e¨ÄbeY© Ges `y‡Uv ¯^ieY© KZ cÖKv‡i evQvB Kiv hvq-
A) 105 B) 120 C) 359 D) 360
58. GKRb cix¶v_x©‡K 12 wU cÖkœ †_‡K 6wU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K cÖ_g 5wU †_‡K wVK 4wU cÖkœ evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e| †m KZ cÖKv‡i cÖkœ¸‡jvi
evQvB Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
A) 105 B) 1005 C) 501 D) 150

59. 2x  1
/ 6x 
10 28
Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z x ewR©Z c`wUi gvb?
27
A)
B)
35
34
C)
19
18
D) 14

60. P A  B   / 3 , P A  B   / 6 , P A  / 2 n‡j PB  ? A) 1

1 5 1
B) 2 C) 1 D) 2
3 3 4 5
61. a  b 15 th
Gi 7 Zg c‡`i mnM KZ? A) 5050 B) 5005 C) 6060 D) 6006
10
a x 
62.   / a  Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z ga¨c`- A) 10c10 B) 10 c1 C) 10c5 D) 10C
x  6

63. 1 ax 8 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z x3 Ges x 4 Gi mnM ci¯úi mgvb n‡j a  ? A) 8c1 B) 8c 4 C) 5 / 4 D) 4

/5
64. n Co + n C 2 + n C 4 +....................=? A) 2n 1 B) 2n  1 C) 2n D) 2n 1
65. 1  x 3 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z cÂg c` KZ? A) 15 x B) 16x 2 C) 15x 4 D) 14x 4
66. 1  2x  3x 2

1
 4x3  ................... / 2 Gi we¯Í…wZ‡Z x Gi mnM KZ? A) 2 B) 1 C)3 D) 4
67. GKwU ¸‡bvËi cÖMg‡bi PZz_© c` 9 Ges beg c` 2187 n‡j mvaviY AbycvZ KZ? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 2
68. 1†_‡K 9 ch©šÍ ¯^vfvweK msL¨v¸‡jvi N‡bi mgwó KZ? A)2022 B) 2024 C) 30 D) 2025
69. y  log e 1  x  n‡j x =? A) 1  e B) e  1
y
C) e  y
y
D) None
70. x  0.y  0, x  y  6, 2x  y  8 kZ© mg~n mv‡c‡¶ Z  2x  3y ivwkwUi me©wb¤œ gvb:
A) 16 B) 10 C) 12 D) 14
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
71. F  3x  4y Gi m‡e©v”P gvb KZ? †hLv‡b x  y  7,2x  5y  20, x  0 Ges y  0
A) 16 B) 23 C) 18 D)14
72. x I y Ggb `yBU msL¨v hv‡`i †hvMdj 100.x 2  y 2 Gi me©wb¤œ gvb KZ?
A) 5005 B) 5000 C) 4004 D) None
73. GK c¨v‡KU Zvm n‡Z 2wU Zvm ˆ`efv‡e Uvbv nj| Zvm `ywU jvj ev Kv‡jv nevi m¤¢vebv KZ?
56 55 47 25
A) B) C) D)
221 221 221 51
74. GKwU ev‡· 6 wU jvj I 4 wU mv`v ej Av‡Q| Zv n‡Z cybt¯’vcb bv K‡i 2wU ej †bqv nj| ej `ywU mv`v nevi m¤¢ebv KZ?
2
A) B) 1 C) 3 D) 1
15 4 4 15
75. †Kvb we›`y‡Z `ywU ej 120 †Kv‡Y wµqvkxj| e„nËi Dcvsk 20 N | Zv‡`i jwä ¶z`ªZi e‡ji mv‡_ 90 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| ¶z`ªZi e‡ji gvb-
A) 5N B) 10N C) 15N D) 20N
76| sin   cos  a n‡j sin 4   cos4  Gi gvb n‡e-
a) 1 
2

1 2
a 1
2 1 2
2

a 1
2
b) 1 
1

c) a 2  1
2
2
   d ) ‡KvbwUB bq|
1 1 x 1 1 x 1 x
77| tan
1
x ? a) cos1 b) sin 1 c) cos1 d ) ‡KvbwUB bq|
2 1 x 2 1 x 1 x
1 1 1 abc bc abc 6
78| sin A  sin B  sin C  ? a) b) c) d)
a b c 6 6 4 abc
79| tan  (1  sec 2 )  ? a) sec2 2 b) 1  sec2 2 c) tan 2 d) 1
1 3
80|  ? a) 6 b) 8 c) 2 d) 4
sin 10 cos10
tan   sec( )
Gi gvb KZ hw`      ?
5
81| sin   nq Z‡e
13 cot  cos ec( ) 2
3 5 3
a) b)  c) d ) 4/3
10 3 5
82| sin 2 10  sin 2 20  .... sin 2 80  sin 2 90 Gi gvb? a) 5 b) 6 c) 4 d) 3
1 1  1
83| cot    Gi ch©vq KZ ? a) 2π b) 4π c)  d ) 8π
4 2 4 2
sin   1  sin 2 sin  - cos
84|  ? a) b) tan  c) cot d) sin  . cos
cos  1  sin 2 cos  sin 
85| cos  3 sin   2 mgxKi‡bi mgvavb-
   
a)   2n  b)   2n  c )   2 n  d )   2 n 
3 6 3 4
1 1 1 1  3 
86| tan 1  tan  tan 1 Gi gvb- a) b) c)  d)
2 3 2 2 3
  
87| cos A  sin B  cos c n‡j c  ? a) b) c) d) 
3 2 4
1
88| tan A  cot A  k n‡j 2 cos ec 2 A  ? a) k 2  1 b) k 2  1 c) d) k
1 k 2
89| 4(sin   cos )  5 mgxKi‡bi mvavib mgvavb -
2

a)   2n   2 b)   2n   3 c)   2n   4 d)   2 n

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

sin   1  sin 
90|
2 ? a) tan  2 b) cot 2 c) tan  2  1 d) 1

cos  1  sin 
2
4 1  tan 2 A 25 7 25 7
91| hw` cos A  nq Z‡e Gi gvb n‡e- a)  b) c) d) 
5 1  tan 2 A 7 5 7 5
92| wb‡Pi †Kvb ivwk gvjvwU sin 3 A ‡K sin A ev cos A Gi eûc`xiæ‡c cÖKvk K‡i ?
a) 3 cos A  4 cos3 A b) 3sin A  4 sin 3 A c) 4 cos3 A  3 cos A d ) 4 sin 3 A  3sin A
93. (1,1), (1,1), ( 3 , 3 ) we›`y Gi Øviv MwVZ wÎfy‡Ri fi‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK KZ?
1 1 1 1
A. , B. , C. 1, 1 D. 3 , 1
3 3 2 2 2 2 2
94. (-1,2) Giv (4,-5) we›`y ms‡hvRbKvix mij †iLv‡K (-11, 6) we›`y †h Abycv‡Z ewnwef³ K‡i -
A. 1 : 2 B. 3 : 2 C. 3 : 4 D. 2 : 3
95. GKwU we›`yi †KwU Dnvi fy‡Ri wظb| hw` Dnvi `~iZ¡ (4,3) ew›`y †_‡K 10 GKK nq, Z‡e we›`ywUi ¯’vbv¼ n‡e-
A. (3,6) A_ev (1,2) B. (3,1) A_ev (2,1) C. (1,6) A_ev (3,2) D. (6,3) A_ev (2,1)
96. (2, 2-2x), ( 1,2) Ges (2,b-2x) we›`y¸‡jv mg‡iL n‡j b Gi gvbÑA. -1 B. 1 C. 2 D. -2
97. y A¶ I (7,2) †_‡K (a, 5) we›`ywUi `~iZ¡ n‡j a Gi gvb KZ? A. 7 B. 29 C. 9 D. 7
29 7 7 9
1
98. t Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ (3,4), ( 2t, 5 ), ( 6,t ) Øviv MwVZ wÎf~‡Ri †¶Îdj 19 GKK?
2
15 15 15 2
A. 4, B. -2, C. 2, D. 3,
2 2 2 15
99. ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki A, B, C kxl© wZbwUi ¯’vbvsK (1,2), (3,4), (1,0) n‡j D we›`yi ¯’vbvsKÑ
A. (12) B. (2,3) C. (-1,-2) D. (2,1)
100. x+2y+7=0 †iLvwUi A¶`yBwUi ga¨eZx© LwÛZ As‡ki ga¨we›`yi ¯’vbvsKÑ
A.  7 2 ,  7 4 B. (-2, 4) C. 9 2 ,  9 4 D. ‡KvbwUB bq
101. k Gi gvb KZ n‡j 5x+4y-6=0 Ges 2x+ky+9=0 †iLv `yBwU mgvšÍivj n‡e?
A. 5 B. 8 C. 3 D. 8 5
102. GKwU mij‡iLv g~jwe›`y w`‡q hvq Ges x A‡¶i mv‡_ 300 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiYÑ
A. x  y 3 B) y  x 3 C. y = 3x D) x  3 y
103. m I c Gi gvb KZ n‡j, y = mx+c †iLvwU (2,3) I (3,4) we›`y w`‡q hv‡e?
A. 1, -1 B. -1, 1 C. -1, -1 D. 1, 1
104. (4,-2) we›`y †_‡K 5x+12y=3 †iLvi j¤^ `~iZ¡ KZ? A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. l
13 13 13
105. 12x+5y=4 Ges 3x+4y+7=0 †iLv؇qi AšÍM©Z †KvY mg~‡ni mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiYÑ
A. 99x+77y+71=0 B.77x+99y+71=0 C. 77x+71y+99=0 D. None
106. 12x-5y=7 ‡iLvi 2 GKK `~ieZx„ mgvšÍivj †iLvi mgxKiYÑ
A. 12x-3y-30=0 B.12x-5y+19=0 C. Both D. None
107. (1,-1) Ges (2,4) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK †iLvi j¤^ mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiYÑ
A. x+3y-6=0 B. x+y-9=0 C. x-3y-6=0 D. x-5y-6=0
108. 4y=3 (x-4) Ges 4y=3(x-1) †iLv `yBwUi ga¨eZx© j¤^ `~iZ¡ ?A. 11 B. 11 C. 9 D. 12
5 2 13 5
109. mij‡iLv 3x+4y-12=0 Øviv A¶Ø‡qi LwÛZ As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ Ñ A. 7 B. 5 C. 9 D. 4
110. 4x+3y=5 mij‡iLv Ges 2y-x+3 = 0 †iLv `yBwUi Aš—f~©³ m~¶‡KvY  n‡j tan  =?
1
A.  11 B.  C. 1 D. 11
2 2 2 2
111. m~¶‡KvY n‡j, xCos   Sin  4 Ges 4x+3y=5 mgvšÍivj †iLv؇qi `~iZ¡ÑA. -1 unit B. 3 unit C. 1 unit D. 9 unit

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
112. k Gi gvb KZ n‡i, 2x+y+7=0 Ges 3x+ky-5=0 †iLv `yBwU ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e? A. 2 B.3 C. 5 D. 6
113. GKwU e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ªi ¯’vbv¼ (1,-3) X- A¶‡K ¯úk© K‡i, e„ËwUi mgxKib wbY©q Ki|
A. x 2  y 2  2 x  6 y  1  0 B. x 2  y 2  2 x  6 y  4  0
C. x 2  y 2  2 x  7 y  3  0 D. x 2  y 2  2 x  6 y  2  0
114. GKwU e„Ë g~j we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges x I y A¶ `yBwUi abvZ¥K w`K †_‡K h_vµ‡g 3 I 5 Ask †Q` K‡i| e„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
A. x 2  y 2  0 B. x 2  y 2  4 x  0 C. x 2  y 2  5 x  0 D. x 2  y 2  3x  5 y  0
115. Giƒc e„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hv x A¶‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ges (1,1) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges hvi †K›`ª cÖ_g PZz©fv‡M x+y=3 †iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z|
A. x 2  y 2  4  0 B. x 2  y 2  2 y  2 x  3 C. x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  4  0 D. x 2  y 2  4 x  0
116. K Gi †Kvb gv‡bi R‡b¨ (2 x  y  3) 2  (kx  2) ( y  1)  0 mgxKiYwU GKwU e„Ë wb‡`©k K‡i|
A. 1 B. 4 C. -1 D. -2
117. x 2  y 2  5 x  0 I x 2  y 2  3x  0 e„Ë؇qi †K‡›`ªi `~iZ¡ A. 4 units B) 1 unit C) 34 units D) 2 units
118. (-9,9) I (5,5) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK †iLv‡K e¨vm a‡i Aw¼Z e„‡Ëi mgxKiY-
A. x  y  4 x  14 y  0 B. x  y  4 x  14 y  0
2 2 2 2

C. x  y  4 x  14 y  0 x 2  y 2  4 x  14 y  0
2 2
D.
119. k Gi gvb KZ n‡j 3x+4y =k †iLvwU x2+y2 = 10x e„ˇK ¯úk© Ki‡e? A. 4,-1 B. 40,-10 C. 2,-4 D. 30,-40
120. (1-1) we›`y †_‡K 2x2+2y2-x+3y+1=0 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z ¯úk©‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ KZ? A. 2 B. 2 C. 1 D. 3
121. x +2y-8x+7=0 cive„‡Ëi Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsKÑ
2
A. (2,2) B) (3, 4) C. (4,4) ) (3,2)
122. (-8, -2) Dc‡K›`ª Ges 2x-y-9=0 w`c¶ wewkó cive„‡Ëi mgxKiYÑ
A. ( x  2 y )  116 x  2 y  259  0 B. ( x  2 y )  116 x  y  59  0
2 2

C. ( x  2 y ) 2  6 x  2 y  29  0 D. ( x  2 y ) 2  4 x  2 y  1  0
123. (3,4) Dc‡K›`ª I (0,0) kxl©wewkó cive„‡Ëi w`Kv‡Ki mgxKiYÑ
A. 4x+3y -25=0 B. 3x+4y +25=0 C. 3x-4y -25=0 D. 2x+5y -25=0
124. 9 x  25 y  225 Dce„‡Ëi Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbv¼Ñ
2 2
A. (2,0) B. (3,0) C. (4,0) D. (5,0)
125. (0, 4) Gi 4 Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv wewkó Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiYÑ
5
2 2 2 2
y y y y
2 2 2 2
A. x 1 B. 4 x 1 C. x 1 D. x 1
49 81 18 9 25 25 9
126. bx‡Pi †KvbwU y  ( x  1) Gi †jLwPÎ?
2

2
y
2
127. x  1 Awae„‡Ëi w`Kv‡¶i mgxKiYÑ A. x   3 5 B. x   9
5 C. x   1
3 D. ‡KvwbUB bq
9 16
128.
x2 y2

25 16
 1 Awae„‡Ëi Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbv¼ÑA. 0, 41   
B.  41, 0  
C. 1, 2  D.  2 , 2 
129. GKwU Awae„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª `yBwUi `~iZ¡ 16 GKi Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv 2 Ges Gi A¶ `yBwU ¯’vbv‡¼i A¶ eivei Awae„ËwUi mgxKiYÑ
A. x  y  8 B. x  y  23 C. x  y  32 D. x  y  32
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 1
130. y 2  9 x cive„‡Ëi Dcwiw¯’Z p we›`yi †KvwU 12 n‡j H we›`yi Dc‡Kw›`ªK `~iZ¡ KZ?A. 17 B. 18 1 C. 19 D. 20
4 4 4 5
2
y
2
131. P Gi gvb KZ n‡j x  1 Dce„ËwU (6,4) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡e? A. 100 B. 10 C. 110 D. 20
p 52
Lim x9  a9
132. x  a ? A. 8a 4 B. 9a 4 C. 9a 8 D. 9a 5
xa
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Lim Sin x
133. x   Gi gvb KZ ? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 1
 x 2
4x dy 2 4 16
134. y  Sin
1
n‡j,  ? A. 2 tan 1 x B. C. D.
1  4x 2
dx 1 x 2
1  4x 2
1  4x 2
x y dy x{1  ln( x)} ln ( x) y ln x
135. hw` x  e nq, Z‡e
y
Gi gvb n‡eÑ A. 1 B) C. D. None
dx y ln ( x) {1  ln( y )} {1  ln( y )}
Lim 1  Cos 3x
136. x0 ? A. 8 B. 9 C. 18 D. B+ C
4x 2 9 8 16
137. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ y  x  1 ; ‡iLvwUi Xvj k~Y¨ n‡e?
x A. 1 B.  2 C.  1 D.a+c
dx y x y x
138. xy  x y  c  0 n‡j ?
2 2
A) - B) C) D) -
dy x y x y
139. y  cos ax Gi n Zg AšÍiK mnM KZ?
n  n  n
B) a nCos   x C. a n Cos   a n cosn x
n
A. a Cos  ax  D)
2  2   2 
140. 3x  7 y  4 xy  8 x  0 eµ‡iLvi (-1,1) we›`y‡Z AswKZ ¯úk©‡Ki Xvj=?A.  5 9  10
2 2
9 B. 5 C. 5 D. None

141. x Gi mv‡c‡¶ ln x  x 2  1 Gi AšÍiK mnM KZ? A.    1  x  B.
2
1 1
x2 1
1
C.
1 x2
D. A + B

1 sin 1 x
142. y  a sin x
n‡j
dy 1
 ? A) asin x log a B) a log e a
x
C) a Ina D) ax
dx 1 x
2 sin 1 x 1  x2
 3
143. 2 y  3 x eµ‡iLvi 1,  we›`y‡Z ¯úk©KwU x A‡¶i abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ †h †Kvb Drcbœ K‡i Zv-
2

2 
 
A.  B.  C.  D. 2 
4 3 2 3
Lim e Sinx  1
144. x  0 ? A. 10 B. 1 C. 2 D. 0.0
Sinx
1
1 x
145. hw` y  e tan  nq,
dy
 KZ? A) e tan 1 x
B) e tan 1 x
1  x 2
C)
e tan x
D)
1
dx 1 x2 1 x2
146. ‡Kvb mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GK †KŠwbK we›`y‡Z `yB evû eivei P ,2P gv‡bi `ywU ej wµqv K‡i| ej`ywUi jwäi gvb KZ?
A) 5p B) 5 p C) 3P D) 7 P
147. 3P Ges 2P gv‡bi `ywU e‡ji jwä R cÖ_g ejwUi gvb wظb Ki‡j jwäi gvbI wظY nq ej؇qi AšÍM©Z †Kvb-
A) 120 B) 60 C) 30 D) 90
148. 2, 3 Ges 3 gv‡bi ej †Kvbwe›`y‡Z wµqviZ Giv ci¯úi fvimvg¨ m„wó Ki‡j cÖ_‡gv³ ej `ywUi ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ?
A) 30 B) 450 C) 60 D) 900
149. †Kvb KY©vi Dci wµqvkxj`ywU e‡ji jwä hw` ej؇qi mgvb nq Z‡e ej`ywUi ga¨Kvi †KvY KZ?
A) 180 B) 60 C) 90 D) 120

150. e x  e x x
 e x  e x dx  ? A. ln e  e  c
x
  x
 x
B. ln e  e  c  
C. ln e  e
x x
 D. ln e
x
 
151.  ln( x)dx  ? A. x ln x  x  c B. x ln x  x  c C. x ln x D. None

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
1 1 1
152.  Sin x cos xdx  f ( x) n‡j,
5
f ( x)  ? A. Sin 6 x B. Cosx. Sinx C. Cos 6 x D. 3Sinx
6 6 6
xe x dx
A. x x 1  c
e2x
153.  (1  x) 2  ? e
B. x  1 C.
x 1
D. ex
x 1
c

3  9 9
154.  0
9  x 2 dx  ? A.
4
B. 1 C.
4
D.
4
1 1  
155.  2x  x2
0
dx  ? A.  B.
2
C. 3 D.
3
dx
156. 
1
) Gi gvbÑ A. tan x B. ln x  c C. tan 1 (2 x) D. ln(tan 1 x)  c
(1  x ) tan 1 x
2

xdx  ?
e
157.  1 ln A. e B. e2 C. e3 D. 1
1 1 1 1
158. y 2  x Ges y  x 2 eµ‡iLv Øviv GjvKvi †¶ÎdjÑ A. sq. units B. sq. units C. sq. units D. sq. units
12 3 2 6
159. ‡Kvbwe›`y‡Z `yBwU ej 120 †Kv‡Y wµqvkxj| e„nËi ejwUi gvb 10N Ges Zv‡`i jwä ¶z`ªZi e‡ji mv‡_ mg‡KvY Drcbœ Ki‡i ¶z`ªZi ejwUi
gvb-
A) 4N B) 5N C) 6N D) 8N
160. hw` 12N I 5 N gv‡bi `ywU ej GKwU KYvi Dci wµqv K‡i Ges G‡`i ga¨Kvi †KvY 60 nq Z‡e ej `ywUi jwä cÖ_g e‡ji mv‡_ KZ †KvY
Drcbœ K‡i?A) 16.63 B) 20.63 C) 88. 34 D) 11.54
161. wb‡¤œi †Kvb ej Îq wÎfz‡Ri evû Øviv w`‡K, gv‡b I GKB µ‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j w¯’wZe¯’vq _vK‡e?
A) IN, 2N, 4N B) 3N, 4N, 5N C) 10N, 20N, 50N D) 5N, 20N, 50N
162. mggv‡bi `ywU e‡ji jwäi eM© ej؇qi ¸bd‡ji wZb¸Y| G‡`i ga¨gZx© †KvY-A) o B) 45 C) 60 D) 900
163. GKwU Mvwo w¯’wZe¯’v †_‡K mgZ¡i‡Y Pjv ïiæ K‡i 5s  G 180m / s MwZ‡eM cÖvß nj| MvwowUi Z¡iY-
A) 36ms 2 B) 32ms 2 C) 30ms 2 D) 40ms2
164. f mgZ¡i‡Y GKwU †ejyb D‡×© DV‡Q| †ejy‡bi IR‡bi KZ Ask Kgv‡bv n‡j †ejybwUi Z¡iY 2f n‡e?
A) f / 2g  f B) f / 2g  f C) f / g  2f D) f / g  2f
165. †Kvb ¯Í‡¤¢i kxl© n‡Z 19.5 ms †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K cªw¶ß †Kvb Kbv 5s c‡i ¯—‡¤¢i cv`‡`‡k cwZZ n‡j ¯Í¤¢wUi D”PZv KZ?
-1

A) 25m B) 50m C) 30m D) 20m

166. P I Q `yBwU m`„k mgvšÍivj ej †Kvb e¯‘i Dci wµqvkxj| P I Q ¯’vb wewbg Ki‡j Zv‡`i jwäi ¯’vb cwieZ©b nq bv| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úK©-
A) P  2Q B) 2P  Q C) P  Q D) P  Q 2
167. cÖ‡¶c‡¶i ågbKvj T, Abyf‚wgK cvj­ v R Ges Avbyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ c‡¶cb †Kvb d n‡j T2/R mgvb-
A) 2 tan d / g B) 2 cot d / g C) g tan d / 2 D) g cot d / 2
168. GKwU KYv w¯’ie¯’v n‡Z mgZ¡i‡Y mij‡iLvq P‡j 2s G 1m hvIqvi ci mg‡e‡M Pj‡Z _v‡K| cieZx© GK wgUvi †h‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e?
A) 1s B) 1.5s C) 2s D) 3s
169. GKwU KYvi Dci 3,5 I 7m gv‡bi wZbwU †eM wewfbœ w`K n‡Z Kvh©Ki _vK‡j KYvwU w¯’i _v‡K| ¶z`ªZi †eM؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ?
-1

A) 90 B) 30 C) 60 D) 45

170. GKwU cÖ‡¶cK‡K Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 30 †Kv‡Y 8 gms1 †e‡M wb‡¶c Kiv n‡j Zvi m‡e©v”P D”PZv KZ n‡e?
A) 8m B) 18m C) 4m D) 32m
171. GKwU Mvwo N›Uvq 8km †e‡M P‡j| Mvwo †_‡K N›Uvq 16km †e‡M GK e¯‘ †Kvb w`‡K gvi‡j Mvwoi mv‡_ mg‡Kv‡Y Pi‡e?
A) 100 B) 60 C) 120 D) 90
172. †Kvb GKwU e¯‘‡K g-Gi A‡a©K mgvb Avw`‡e‡M c„w_ex n‡Z Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡¶c Kiv nj| e¯‘wU KZ¶Y ci f‚c„‡ô wd‡i Avm‡e?
A) 1s B) 1 / 2 s C) 2s D) 1 / 4 s
173. MvQ ‡_‡K GKwU bvi‡Kj wb‡Pi w`‡K co‡Q hvi IRb 2kg evZv‡mi evav 8.6 N n‡j, bvi‡jKwUi Z¡iY KZ n‡e?
A) 5.5ms2 B) 6.5ms 2 C) 4.5ms2 D) 5.9ms2
174. 50m `yiZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡Z GKwU Mvoxi †eM 10ms 1 n‡Z 20ms 1 nq| Av‡iv 200m hvIqvi ci †eM KZ n‡e?
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

A) 40ms 1 B) 42ms 1 C) 45ms 1 D) 60ms 1

175. GKwU e¯‘ Dci n‡Z gy³fv‡e 4s  coj| GKwU †k‡li 2s-G KZUzKz c‡owQj? A) 64 dzU B) 192 dzU C) 124 dzU D) 96 dzU

1 b 26 D 51 D 76 B 101 D 126 B 151 B

2 A 27 A 52 C 77 A 102 A 127 D 152 A
3 D 28 C 53 B 78 D 103 A 128 B 153 B
4 B 29 D 54 B 79 C 104 A 129 C 154 D
5 C 30 B 55 A 80 D 105 A 130 B 155 B
6 A 31 A 56 A 81 A 106 B 131 A 156 D
7 A 32 D 57 A 82 A 107 A 132 B 157 D
8 C 33 A 58 A 83 A 108 C 133 B 158 B
9 A 34 C 59 A 84 C 109 B 134 C 159 B
10 D 35 A 60 B 85 C 110 D 135 A 160 A
11 D 36 D 61 B 86 A 111 B 136 D 161 B
12 A 37 C 62 C 87 B 112 D 137 D 162 C
13 A 38 A 63 D 88 D 113 A 138 D 163 A
14 A 39 A 64 D 89 B 114 D 139 C 164 C
15 D 40 A 65 C 90 B 115 C 140 A 165 A
16 D 41 D 66 B 91 A 116 B 141 D 166 C
17 A 42 D 67 A 92 B 117 A 142 B 167 A
18 A 43 B 68 D 93 A 118 B 143 B 168 A
19 B 44 B 69 D 94 D 119 B 144 B 169 C
20 B 45 B 70 C 95 A 120 C 145 C 170 A
21 A 46 D 71 B 96 C 121 C 146 D 171 C
22 A 47 D 72 B 97 B 122 A 147 A 172 A
23 C 48 C 73 D 98 B 123 B 148 D 173 A
24 B 49 D 74 A 99 C 124 C 149 D 174 A
25 D 50 C 75 B 100 A 125 C 150 A 175 B

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

c`v_©weÁvb

†f±i
–

Type-1 : j¤^ I mgvšÍi†f±i

vj nIqvi AsK (WU I µm ¸b)

Concept:
 
(ii) A I B †f±iØq ci¯úi j¤^ n‡j Zv‡`i WU ¸Yd‡ji gvb k~b¨
 
 A . B = 0  A x B x  A y B y  A z Bz  0
 
(iii) A I B †f±iØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡j Zv‡`i µm ¸Yd‡ji gvb k~b¨
 
Ax Ay Az
a) A  B = 0 b)   [i Gi mn‡Mi AbycvZ = j Gi mn‡Mi AbycvZ = k Gi mn‡Mi AbycvZ]
Bx By Bz
 
Question 1: A  2î  3 ĵ  5k̂ Ges B  miˆ  2 ˆj  10kˆ | m Gi gvb KZ n‡j †f±Ø‡qi ci¯ú‡ii Dci j¤^ n‡e?
   
Solve : Avgiv Rvwb, A I B ci¯ú‡ii Dci j¤^ n‡j A . B  0
 (2î  3 ĵ  5k̂ )(mî  2 ĵ  10k̂ )  0 ev, 2m  6  50  0 ev, 2m  56  0  m  28
   
Question 2: A  5î  2 ĵ  3k̂ Ges B  15î  aĵ  9k̂ 1, a Gi gvb KZ n‡j A I B ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡e?
   
Solve : Avgiv Rvwb, A I B ci¯ú‡ii mgvšÍivj n‡j A B  0
iˆ ˆj kˆ
 
A B = 5 2  3  iˆ(18  3a)  ˆj (45  45)  kˆ(5a  30)  iˆ(18  3a)  kˆ(5a  30)
15 a 9
 kZ© g‡Z,  18  3a  0 Ges 5a  30  0
 a6  a6 Ans. 6
A Ay Az 5 2 3
Shortcut: x      a  6
Bx B y Bz 15 a  9

Type-2: e„wói I QvZv m¤úwK©Z

Concept:
u †e‡M PjšÍ cw_K‡K v †e‡M cošÍ e„wó nvZ †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z n‡j e„wó I cw_‡Ki †e‡Mi jwä eivei QvZv ai‡Z n‡e|
(i) e„wó j¤^fv‡e cwZZ n‡j †jv‡Ki †eM I e„wói †e‡Mi jwä eivei QvZv ai‡Z n‡e| hw` Dj‡¤^i mv‡_  †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z nq|
u
tan      tan 1 u
v v

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

 Avbyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ (90  ) o †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z n‡e|

(ii) e„wó Avbyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y cwZZ n‡j, hw` Avbyfywg‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z nq|
v sin 
tan  
u  v cos 
Question : 4ms 1 ‡e‡M †`Š‡o hvevi mgq GKRb †jvK 6ms 1 †e‡M j¤^fv‡e cwZZ e„wói mb¥yLxb nj| e„wó n‡Z i¶v †c‡Z n‡j
Zv‡K KZ †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z n‡e?
Solve : ‡jvKwU‡K wb‡Ri †eM I e„wói †e‡Mi jwä eivei QvZv ai‡Z n‡e| g‡b Kwi, ‡jvKwU‡K Dj¤^ w`‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z
n‡e| ‡h‡nZz †jvK I e„wói †e‡Mi ga¨eZx© †KvY 900 (KviY e„wó j¤^fv‡e cwZZ n‡”Q)|
1
 tan   4ms 1  0.666 ev, tan   tan 33.7o    33.7o
6ms
myZivs †jvKwU‡K Dj¤^^ w`‡Ki mv‡_ 33.70 †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z n‡e|

Type-3: b`x I †mªvZ m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v

Concept:
(i) ‡bŠKv/mvZviæi †eM, u Ges †mªv‡Zi †eM  n‡j †bŠKvwU †bŠKv I †mªv‡Zi jwä †e‡M Pj‡e| hw` †bŠKvwU b`xi cv‡oi mv‡_ A_©vr
‡mªv‡Zi w`‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y iIbv ‡`q Zvn‡j ‡bŠKv I †mªv‡Zi jwä †eM  u 2  v2  2uv cos
Notes : †bŠKvwU jwä †e‡M, jwä eivei Pj‡e|
‡bŠKv Ges †mªv‡Zi jwä hw` †mªv‡Zi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i, tan   u cos 
v  u sin 
Notes : GLv‡b   †bŠKvwU cÖK…Zc‡¶ †mªv‡Zi ev b`xi cv‡oi mv‡_ †h †Kv‡Y Pj‡e|

R
u

v
(ii) ‡mvRvmywR b`x cvovcv‡oi †¶‡Î,

u
 
 eo gvb

(a) †h †Kv‡Y iIbv w`‡Z n‡e  cos1 v = cos1  ‡ QvU gvb 

(b) ‡bŠKvwU †h †e‡M †mvRv Aci cv‡o †cŠQv‡e = u 2  v2 = (eo gvb)  ( ‡ QvU gvb)
d
(c) b`xi cª¯’ d n‡j †mvRvmywR b`xi cvovcv‡oi ‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq, t 
u 2  v2
Question : ‡Kvb GKwU b`x‡Z GKwU `uv‡oi †bŠKvi †eM †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j NÈvq 18km Ges cÖwZK~‡j NÈvq 6 km | †bŠKvwU‡K †Kvb
w`‡K Pvjbv Ki‡j Zv †mvRv Aci cv‡i †cŠQv‡e Ges †bŠKvwU KZ †e‡M Pj‡e?
Solve : aiv hvK, †mªv‡Zi ‡eM = v Ges `uv‡oi †eM = u. Zvn‡j u  v  18 Ges u – v = 6
1 1
 u  12kmh Ges v  6kmh
aiv hvK, ‡mªv‡Zi mv‡_  †KvY K‡i †bŠKvwU‡K Pvjbv Ki‡j Zv R †e‡M P‡j ‡mvRv Aci cv‡o †cŠQv‡e|
Avgiv Rvwb, †mvRvmywR b`x cvovcv‡oi †ÿ‡Î  ‡Kv‡b iIbv w`‡Z n‡j,
v 6 1
cos         cos120 o ev,   120o
u 12 2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Avevi, hw` †bŠKvwU v †e‡M ‡mvRv Aci cv‡o †cŠQvq Zvn‡j v = u 2  v 2  122  62  6 3  10.39kmh1

Type-4: `yBwU †f±‡ii g‡a¨ †f±i I †¯‹jvi ¸Yd‡ji e¨envi

 
 
a b
 a I b †h Z‡j Aew¯’Z Zvi j¤^ Awfgy‡L GKK †f±i ivwk ̂ 
ab
 
 A I B GKwU mvgšÍwi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ evû wb‡`©k Ki‡j mvgšÍwiKwUi †¶Îdj = A B
 
1
 A I B GKwU wÎf‚‡Ri `ywU mwbœwnZ evû wb‡`©k Ki‡j wÎf‚‡Ri ‡ÿÎdj= A B
2
 
1
 A I B GKwU i¤^‡mi KY©Øq wb‡`©k Ki‡j i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj= A B
2

Type-5 : ‡Kvb GKwU †f±i Gi wewfbœ A‡ÿi (x/y/z) mv‡_


†KvY
A  Axiˆ  Ay ˆj  At kˆ †h‡Kvb GKwU †f±i n‡j †f±iwUi x A‡ÿi mv‡_ †KŠwYK e¨evavb
 
 ˆ   
1  A Gi i  GimnM  1  Ay 
 x  cos    = cos   
 A GimnM
   A
 
 
 ˆ   
1  A Gi j  GimnM  1  Az 
y A‡ÿi mv‡_ †KŠwYL e¨eavb.  y  cos    = cos   
  GimnM
 A   A
 
 
 ˆ   
1  A  Gi k  GimnM  1  Az 
Ges z A‡ÿi mv‡_ †KŠwYK e¨eavb.  z  cos    = cos   
 A GimnM
   A
 

Questions : A  ˆj  kˆ †f±i Gi x/y/z A‡ÿi mv‡_ †KŠwYK e¨eavb KZ?
   
 A Gi iˆ  GimnM  1  0  = cos1 0 = 90o Ans.
Solve : X A‡ÿi mv‡_ †KvY  x  cos  1
 = cos

 
   1   1
2
A GimnM
2
  
Abyiæcfv‡e, Y I Z A‡ÿi mv‡_ †KvY-
 
 y  cos1 
1  = cos1  1  = 45o Ans.
 12   12   2
 
 1 
 z  cos1   = cos1   1  = 135o Ans.
 12   12   2
 
Type-6:‡MÖwW‡q›U, WvBfvi‡RÝ I Kvj©

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
  
 (‡Wj)= iˆ  ˆj  kˆ GB †f±i Acv‡iUi e¨envi K‡i Grad, div I curl bvgK ivwk ˆZix nq|
x y z
 ˆ  ˆ 
‡MÖwW‡q›U :  ( x, y, z) †Kvb †¯‹jvi dvskb n‡j, Grad     iˆ j k
x y z
†MÖwW‡q›U †Kvb †¯‹jvi ivwki m‡e©v”P e„w× nvi I e„w× nv‡ii w`K wb‡`©k K‡i|
WvBfvi‡RÝ :
    

V x, y, z   Vxiˆ  Vy ˆj  Vz kˆ n‡j div V = .V   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  . Vxiˆ  Vyˆj  Vzkˆ 
 x y z 
Vx Vy Vz
=  
x y z

A.B  B. A n‡jI .V  V . WvBfvi‡RÝ †¯‹jvi ivwk| GKwU we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡”Q ev GKwU we›`y †_‡K Qwo‡q co‡Q Giƒc †f±i dvsk‡bi
div-Gi gvb cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ Curl =0
   

Kvj© : V x, y, z   Vxiˆ  Vyˆj  Vzkˆ n‡j Curl V  V .   iˆ   ˆj  kˆ   Vxiˆ  Vyˆj  Vzkˆ 
 x y z 
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
=
x y z
Vx Vy Vz
 Vz Vy  ˆ Vz Vx  ˆ Vy Vx 
= iˆ    j     k   
 y z   x z   x y 
Kvj© GKwU †f±i ivwk| Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j m„wó/mwjb‡qW m„ó †PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ n‡jv N~Y©b †ÿÎ| Giƒc †f±i dvsk‡bi Curl cvIqv hvq| wKš‘
div = 0 nq|
* GKwU mij cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q we`y¨r cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| Gi d‡j Zv‡ii Av‡k cv‡k m„ó †PŠ¤^K †ÿÎ B n‡j †KvbwU mwVK?

(K) Grad B =0 
(L) div B =0
(M) Curl B  = 0 (N) meKwU
N~Y©b ‡ÿÎ m„wó nq| N~Y©b‡ÿ‡Îi div = 0|

MwZwe`¨v

ˆiwLK MwZi cÖ‡qvRbxq

m~Î
1|mij ˆiwLK MwZ t
GKwU e¯‘ u Avw`‡e‡M a Z¡i‡Y t mg‡q s `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡j Ges †kl †eM v n‡j,
1
i) V = u + at ii) S = ut + at 2 iii) V 2  u 2  2as
2
iv) t  Zg †m‡K‡Û AwZµvš— `~iZ¡, sth  ut  ½ a2t  1
s2 ~ s1
v) Z¡iY wbY©‡qi Rb¨ a =
t2 ~ t1
 mg‡e‡Mi †¶‡Î, s  vt
hw` mgg›`‡b P‡j,

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
1
i) V = u – at ii) S = ut - at2 iii) V 2  u 2  2as
2
2|Avbyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_  †Kv‡Y AvbZ Zj eivei GKwU e¯‘ Mwo‡q Mwo‡q co‡j,
i) a = g cos (90-  ) = gcos  (Dj‡¤^i mv‡_ Drcbœ ‡KvY) ii) V = u – gcos (90-  ) t
1
iii) S = ut - g cos(90   )t 2 iv) V 2  u 2  2 g cos(90   ) S
2
3| Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î,
GKwU e¯‘‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K u Avw` †e‡M wb‡ÿc Ki‡j e¯‘wUi MwZ Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Kg‡Z _vK‡e KviY e¯‘wU g mgg›`‡b Dc‡ii w`‡K DV‡e
Ges m‡e©v”P D”PZvq †eM ïb¨ n‡e|
 wbwÿß e¯‘i Avw`‡e‡M u Ges †h‡Kvb gyn~‡Z© †eM v n‡j,
1
a) V = u – gt b) V2 = u2 - 2gh c) h = ut  gt 2
2
 m‡e©v”P D”PZvi †ÿ‡Î,
u
a) m‡e©v”P D”PZvq †eM, V = 0 b) m‡e©v”P D”PZvq †cŠQv‡Z mgq, t =
g
u2 2u
c) m‡e©v”P D”PZv Hmax = d) ågYKvj/cybivq f‚wg‡Z †diZ Avm‡Z mgq, T 
2g g
Technique:
a
 GKwU j¶¯’‡j ¸wj †Quvov nj Ges a meter cÖ‡ek K‡i ¸wji †eM 1x Ask nq ZLb ¸wjwU KZ`~i cÖ‡ek Ki‡e, S 
x 1
2

 DaŸ©Mvgx †ejyb/i‡K‡Ui †¶‡Î h  ut  ½ gt 2 u

t
we.`ª : u n‡”Q †ejyb/i‡KU A_ev Gi wfZ‡i Ab¨ e¯‘i (cv_i gv‡e©j) †eM|
1 2
 h D”PZvq Aew¯’Z †Kvb we›`y n‡Z GKwU e¯‘‡K u †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡¶c Ki‡j D”PZv, h  ut  gt h g
2

Question :1 GKwU e¯‘ w¯’ive¯’v n‡Z 2ms 2 mgZ¡i‡Y Pj‡Z _v‡K|

K) 5s c‡i †eM KZ n‡e? L) cÖ_g 5s c‡i Mo †eM KZ n‡e?
M) cÖ_g 5s G KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e? N) KZ¶Y c‡i †eM 40 ms-1 n‡e? O) 5g s- G KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e?
mgvavb : K) t = 5s c‡i †eM,   u  at  0  2  5  10 ms
1

1
  u    0  10ms = 5ms
1
L) cÖ_g 5s- Gi Mo †eM,
2 2
1 1
M) cÖ_g t = 5s- G AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡, s  ut  at 2  0   2  5 2  25 m
2 2
N) ts c‡i †eM   40ms1 n‡j, t    u  40  0  20s
a 2
1
O) g‡b Kwi, 5g †m‡K‡Ûi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ s5  u  1 a (2t  1)  s 5  0   2 (2  5  1)  9 m
2 2
Question :2 GKwU e¯‘ mgZ¡i‡Y Pj‡Q| GwU Øv`k †m‡K‡Û 0.72 wgUvi Ges †lvok †m‡K‡Û 0.96 wgUvi `~iZ¡ AwZµg Kij| e¯‘wUi
Z¡iY I Avw` †eM wbY©q Ki|
.96  .72 3
mgvavb : a    0.06 ( Ans)
16  12 50
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
1 1
Sth  u  a ( 2t  1)  0.72  u   .0.6  (2  12  1)  u  0.03ms 1 ( Ans)
2 2
Question :3 GKwU Mvwo Pjv ïiæ Kivi 4s c‡ii †eM 8ms1 I c‡ii 7s †eM 23ms1 | Mo Z¡iY †ei Ki|
23  8
mgvavb : Mo Z¡iY a     3 ms  2
t 74
Question :4GK LÛ cÖ¯Íi‡K 98 ms 1 †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡¶c Kiv n‡j
K) KZ¶Y a‡i GwU Dc‡i DV‡e? L) 4s c‡i Gi †eM KZ n‡e?
M) hvÎv¯’v‡b wd‡i Avm‡Z Gi KZ mgq jvM‡e? N)m‡eŸv©”P KZ D”PZvq DV‡e?
1
ev, t  10s
u
mgvavb : K) t   t  98ms 1
g 9.8ms
1
ev, v  58 8ms
1 2
L) v  u  gt ev, v  98ms  9 8ms  4 s
. .

1 u2 (98)2 98  98
M) T  2u  2 . 98ms
 20 s N) H     49  10  490m
g 9 8ms 1
2 g 2  9.8 2  9.8
Question :5 GKwU e›`y‡Ki ¸wj †Kvb †`qv‡ji g‡a¨ 0.04m cÖ‡ek Kivi ci A‡a©K †eM nvivq| ¸wjwU †`qv‡ji g‡a¨ Avi KZ `~i cÖ‡ek
Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
2
u u2
mgvavb : 1g ‡¶‡Î   u  2as
2 2
    u 2  2  a  0.4   4 2  0.8a
2 4
3u 2 2
 a  3u = 9 375u
. 2
 0.8a 
4 32
2
u
2q †¶‡Î   u  2as
2 2
 0     2  9 . 375 u 2 s  18.75u 2 .s  u 2 / 4
2
s u2 = . 0133m
4  18 75u
. 2

Shortcut:
a
 GKwU j¶¯’‡j ¸wj †Quvov nj Ges a meter cÖ‡ek K‡i ¸wji †eM 1x Ask nq ZLb ¸wjwU KZ`~i cÖ‡ek Ki‡e, S 
x 1
2

0.04
S   0.0133 m
22  1
Question :6 DaŸ©Mvgx GKwU †ejyb †_‡K GKwU e¯‘ †Q‡o †`qv n‡jv| e¯‘wU †djvi mgq †ejybwU f~wg †_‡K 1764 m Dc‡i wQj| e¯‘wU
f~wg‡Z †cŠQ‡Z 20 †m‡K‡Û mgq jvM‡j e¯‘wU †d‡j †`qvi mgq †ejy‡bi †eM KZ wQj? DËi t 9.8ms-1
mgvavb : DaŸ©Mvgx †ejyb/i‡K‡Ui †¶‡Î h  ut  ½ gt 2  1764  u  20 + ½  9.8  202  u  9.8ms-1

wØgvwÎK MwZ

Concept 1: Avbyf~wgKfv‡ewÎK MwZ e¯‘ †_‡K †Kvb wKQz †d‡j w`‡j

MwZkxj

Y Vx
V

Vy
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd
X )
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

f~wg
Avbyf~wgKfv‡e MwZkxj e¯‘ (†hgb wegvb) ‡_‡K †Kvb wKQz (†hgb : †evgv) †d‡j w`‡j †evgvwU `yB w`‡K `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i : Dci †_‡K wb‡P
A_©vr y A¶ eivei Ges Avbyf~wgK (x A¶) eivei|
Notes : i) wegvbwU x A¶ eivei u †e‡M MwZkxj _v‡K †h gyû©‡Z †evgv ‡djv n‡qwQj †mB gyû‡© Zi wegv‡bi †eMB †evgvi Avw`‡eM|
ii) ‡h‡nZz Dj¤^ eivei wegv‡bi †Kvb †eM wQj bv ZvB Dj¤^ (y A¶) eivei ‡evgvi Avw`‡eM k~b¨ A_©vr u y = 0
iii) ‡h‡nZz Avbyf~wgK eivei AwfKlx©q Z¡iY uy = 0 Gi †Kvb Dcvsk ‡bB myZivs gx = 0
m~Î : u †e‡M Avbyf~wgKfv‡e PjšÍ wegvb †_‡K GKwU †evgv †d‡j w`‡j t mgq c‡o hw` †evgvwU Avbyf~wgK eivei x wgUvi I Dj¤^ eivei y
wgUvi `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i f~wg‡Z cwZZ nq-
a) Avbyf~wgK eivei AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡, x  ut [†h‡nZz gx = 0]
b) Dj¤^ eivei AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ y  1 gt 2 [†h‡nZz ux =0]
2
c) ‡evgvwUi †h‡Kvb gyû©‡Z †eM, V  Vx  Vy  Vx  (gt ) 2
2 2 2

Question :1GKwU †evgviæ wegvb 147 ms1 †e‡M Abyf~wgK eivei Pjvi c‡_ 490m DPz n‡Z GKwU ‡evgv †d‡j w`j| evqyi evav D‡c¶v
K‡i †evgvwU KLbI ‡Kv_vq gvwU‡Z cwZZ n‡e? †djvi gyn~Z© n‡Z 5s c‡i †evgvi `ª“wZ wbY©q Ki|

 t   490.  2   10 s
1
mgvavb : Lvov wb‡Pi w`‡K AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ y  1 gt 2  490 m   9 .8ms  2  t 2
2 2  98 
Avevi, Abyf~wgK mi‡Yi gvb, x  o  t  147(ms1 ) 10s =1470m
5s c‡i †evgvi `ªæwZ,   (gt )2  2ox  {19.8(ms 2 )  5s 2 }  (147ms1 ) = 154.95ms1

Concept 2: GKwU e¯‘‡K †KŠwYKfv‡e Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡¶c Ki‡j

(cÖvm)
y

u
H

R x

GKwU e¯‘‡K  †Kv‡Y u †e‡M wb‡¶c Ki‡j hw` e¯‘wU Avbyf~wgK eivei R `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Ges e¯‘wUi me©vwaK D”PZv H n‡j,
a) H  u sin  R  u sin 2 ågYKvj T  2u sin 
2 2 2
b) c)
2g g g
gx 2
d) e¯‘wUi MwZc‡_i mgxKiY : y  x tan   e) tan   4H
2u 2 sin 2  R
f) R max  2 H max g) m‡e©v”P D”PZvq †cŠuQv‡Z mgq, t  u sin 
g
h) GKwU e¯‘‡K 45 o †Kv‡Y wb‡¶c Ki‡j e¯‘wU me©vwaK D”PZvq †cŠQv‡e|
Question :1GKwU cÖv‡mi Abyf~wgK cvjøv 96m Ges Avw`‡eM 66ms-1| wb‡¶c †KvY KZ?
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,
R  96m vo  66ms 1
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd )
g  9.8ms2
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
o  ?
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

v 2 o sin 2 o R g 96  9.8
R  sin 2 o   sin 2 o 
g vo
2
(66) 2
sin 2o . 2159779  2o  12.473  o  6.24o (cÖvq)
Question :2GKwU e¯‘‡K 40ms1 †e‡M Abyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ 60 o †Kv‡Y wb‡¶c Kiv nj| me©vwaK D”PZv Ges Abyf~wgK cvjøv wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : me©vwaK D”PZv,
vo sin 2 
2
GLv‡b,
H
2g vo  40ms 1

(40)2  sin 2 60o   60o

 H = 61.22m
298 .
J  9.8ms2
vo sin 2 (40)2  sin( 2  60o )
2

Abyf~wgK cvjøv, R   .
 141.39m
g 98
Question :3Abyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ 30 o †KvY K‡i f~-c„ô †_‡K 40ms1 †e‡M GKwU ey‡jU †Quvov nj| ey‡jUwU 30m `~‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU
†`Iqvj‡K KZ D”PZvq AvNvZ Ki‡e?
GLv‡b,
gx 2   30o
mgvavb : y  x tan  
2o cos 
2 2
g  9.8ms2
9.8  (30) 2 vo  40ms 1
 y  30  tan 30 
o
= 13.65m
2  (40) 2 cos2 30 o x  30 m

Question :4 wb‡ÿcY †Kvb KZ n‡j Avbf‚wgK cvjøv me©vwaK D”PZvi mgvb n‡e?
u 2 sin 2 u 2 sin 2 
mgvavb : RH    2.2 sin  cos  sin 2   tan   4    tan 1 (4)  76 0
g 2g

 4H 
 Shortcut Technique : tan  R 

Concept 3: ‡KŠwYK MwZ msµvšÍ

d d
‡KŠwYK miY   , †KŠwYK †eM   , †KŠwYK Z¡iY d 
dt dt
2 N
‡KvwYK †eM/‡KŠwYK K¤úvsK    2f  2
T t
GLv‡b, T  ch©vqKvj f  K¤úvsK
  
‰iwLK I †KŠwYK †e‡Mi m¤úK©, V  r ev, V   r .
Questions : 6m ˆ`N©¨ wewkó wgwb‡Ui KvUvi/‡m‡K‡Ûi KvUvi/N›Uvi KvUvi †KŠwYK †eM I cÖv‡šÍi ˆiwLK †eM KZ?
Solve : wgwb‡Ui KvUvi †ÿ‰Î ch©vqKvj, T  60 min = 60  60 sec
2 2 
 †KŠwYK †eM   =  rads 1 (Ans.)
T 60  60 1800

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 
Ges cÖv‡šÍi ˆiwLK †eM. V  r = 6= ms 1 (Ans.)
1800 300
2 2 
 †m‡K‡Ûi KvUvi †ÿ‡Z, T  60 sec    rads 1 (Ans.)
T 60 30
 
Ges V  e  6  ms 1 (Ans.)
30 5
2 2 
 NÈvi KvUvi †ÿ‡Î. T  12 hour  12  60  60 sec      rads 1 (Ans.)
T 12  60  60 21600
 
Ges V  r  6  ms 1 (Ans.)
21600 1800

wbDUbxq ejwe`¨v
~Î
wbDU‡bi MwZm~Î msµvšÍ

Type-1 : miY, `ªæwZ, †eM, Z¡iY I ej msµvšÍ AsK

Question: 200 kg f‡ii GKwU †gvUi Mvwo NÈvq 108km ‡e‡M P‡j| †eª‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ MvwowU‡K 20m `~i‡Z¡ _vwg‡q †`qv nj|
evav`vbKvix e‡ji gvb †ei Ki|
GLv‡b, u  108kmh 1
mgvavb :Avgiv cvB,   u  2as  0  (30)  2a  20
2 2 2
108 km 108  100 m
1 2   = 30ms1
 a
(30ms )
 22 ms
. 2 1 h 60  60 s
2  20m
 F  ma  F  200kg  22.5ms2  4500 N

Type-2 : Nl©Y m¤úwK©Z AsK

Question1: 900kg f‡ii GKwU †gvUi UªvK N›Uvq 60km †e‡M P‡j| †eªK †P‡c UªvKwU‡K 50m `~‡i _vgv‡bv nj| hw` gvwUi Nl©YRwbZ
ej 200 N nq, Z‡e †eªKRwbZ e‡ji gvb wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : Avgiv cvB, Kvh©Ki ej = evav`vbKvix ej(F)
= †eªKRwbZ ej (F1) + Nl©Y ej (F2)
F  F1  F2 .......(1)
2
 50  50  50 25
Avgiv cvB, v  u  2as
2 2
 v     2.a.50
2
ev, a   m / s2
 3 9  100 9
25
GLb, F  ma  900   2500 N
9
 (1) n‡Z cvB, 2500  F1  200 ev, F1  2500  200  2300 N  ‡eªKRwbZ ej = 2300 N
Question2: 4 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘‡K Z¡i‡Yi MwZkxj Ki‡Z KZ ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e? [c‡_i Nl©Y ej 10 kg/N]
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, Kvh©Ki ej = cÖhy³ ej - Nl©Y ej GLv‡b,
F  P  Fk P  cÖhy³ ej
40  P  10 ev, P  50 N Fk  Nl©Y ej
cÖhy³ ej = 50 N F  ma  4  10  40 N

Type-3 : fi‡e‡Mi msiÿY m¤úwK©Z AsK

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Question1: 6kg f‡ii GKwU e›`yK n‡Z 0.01 kg f‡ii GKwU ¸wj 300 ms1 †e‡M †ei n‡q †Mj| e›`y‡Ki cðvr †eM wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : gwb Kwi, e›`y‡Ki cðvr ‡eM = V
GLv‡b, M  6kg
Avgiv cvB, MV  mv
m = 0.01kg
 mgxKiY (1) n‡Z cvB,
v  300ms 1
m 0. 01kg  300ms 1
V   0.5ms 1
M 6kg

Question2: 5kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ 4ms1 †e‡M DËi w`‡K Pj‡Q| 3kg f‡ii Aci GKwU e¯‘ 2ms1 †e‡M `w¶Y w`‡K Pj‡Q|
†Kvb GK mgq e¯‘ `ywUi g‡a¨ msN‡l©i d‡j Giv wg‡j GK n‡q †Mj| wgwjZ e¯‘wU KZ †e‡M †Kvb w`‡K Pj‡e?
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
m11  m2 2  m1u1  m2 u 2 .......(1) m1  5kg
g‡b Kwi, e¯‘Øq wgwjZ nevi ci †eM =  m 2  3kg
5    3u  5  4  3  (2) 1
u 1  4ms
ev, 8  20  6 ev, 8  14 ev,   14 = 1.75ms1 u 2  2ms 1
8
. 1 1  2  
wgwjZ e¯‘ 1 75ms †e‡M DËi w`‡K Pj‡e|

‡KŠwYK MwZi cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Îvejx

 K‡qKwU we‡kl †ÿ‡Î RoZvi åvgK I PµMwZi e¨vmva©:

 miæ`‡Ûi ga¨we›`y w`‡q I Zvi ˆ`‡N©¨i Awfj¤^ fv‡e AwZµvšÍ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ N~Y©qgvb `‡Ûi-
M 2 l l
I= l K= 
12 12 2 3
 `‡Ûi GKcÖvšÍ w`‡q I Zvi ˆ`‡N©¨i j¤^fv‡e AwZµvšÍ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ N~Y©vqgvb `‡Ûi-
l
I = 1 ml2 K=
3 3
 m~ÿ cvZjv AvqZvKvi cv‡Zi †K›`ªwe›`y ev fvi‡K›`ª w`‡q j¤^fv‡e AwZµvšÍ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ-
M 2 1 l 2  b2
I= (l + b2), K=
12 2 3
 cvZjv mylg AvqZKvi cv‡Zi †K›`ªwe›`yMvgx I cv‡Zi †h †Kvb GK evûi mgvšÍivj-
M 2 l
I= l, K=
12 2 3
 cvZjv e„ËvKvi PvKwZi †K›`ª w`‡q c„‡ôi Awfj¤^fv‡e mgbKvix A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ
1 r
I = Mr2, K=
2 2
 mylg †Mvj‡Ki †K›`ª eivei A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ,
2 2
I = MR2, K= R
5 5
 wbR A‡ÿi PZzw`©‡K N~Y©vqgvb GKwU wb‡iU †Pv‡Oi-
1
I = Mr2, K= r
2 2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 R¨vwgwZK A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj GKwU wb‡iU †PvO/†ej‡bi c„ô eivei A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ,
3 3
I = Mr2, K = r
2 2
 †K›`ªgyLx ej m¤úwK©Z:
mv 2 mr2
2 2
2N   2 
 †K›`ªgyLx ej F =  = m2r= m   r=m   r
r r  t  T
 m fiwewkó cv_i‡K r e¨vmv‡ai myZvi mvnv‡h¨ †e‡a Dj¤^ Z‡j †Nviv‡j-
mv 2
 e„‡Ëi m‡ev©”P we›`y‡Z Uvb T = – mg
r
mv 2
 e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª T =
r
mv 2
 e„‡Ëi me©wbgœ we›`y‡Z Uvb T = + mg
r
2
v2 2N  4 2
 †K›`ªgyLx Z¡ib  = = r2 =   r = r
r  t  T
 †KŠwbK MwZmsµvšÍ m~Îvewj:
 2 2N 1
 = = = = 2n  †KŠwbK MwZ kw³ K.E = I2
t T t 2

Type-1 : †K›`ªgyLx ej m¤úwK©Z AsK

Question 1:1kg fi wewkó GKwU cv_i‡K GKwU myZvi mvnv‡h¨ †eu‡a cv_iwU‡K Dj¤^Z‡j 0.5 e¨vmva©wewkó e„Ëc‡_ 5ms-1 †e‡M †Nvov‡bv
n‡”Q| cv_iwU hLb e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ GK †j‡f‡j, ZLb m~Zvi Uvb KZ n‡e?
mv 2 1 25
mgvavb : T    50 N
r .5

Question 2: GKwU Mvwo 400m e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU mgZj e„ËvKvi c‡_ 40ms-1 MwZ‡Z Pj‡Q (i) MvwowUi †K›`ªvwZM Z¡iY KZ?
(ii) MvwowUi fi 1100kg n‡j Z¡i‡Yi Rb¨ wK cwigvY Nl©Y e‡ji cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?
v 2 (40)2
mgvavb : (i) †K›`ªvwZM Z¡iY, ac =   4ms 2 (Ans.)
r 400
(ii) ej, Fs 
mv 2
 1100 
40
2
 4400 N (Ans.)
r 400

Question 3: 3.0g f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ 2.0 m e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU e„‡Ë mgnv‡i Pj‡Q| hw` e¯‘wU †m‡K‡Û 4.0 evi e„‡Ëi Pvwiw`‡K †Nv‡i Z‡e
e¯‘wUi Dci cÖ‡qvRbxq ej KZ?
2
t
  3
1

mgvavb : F  m r  m 2n  r = 3  10 2  4  3.14  2  3.8N
2

2

Type-2: iv¯Ívi e¨vswKs msµvšÍ AsK

Question: †ijvB‡bi GKwU euv‡Ki e¨vmva© 98 m Ges jvB‡bi `yB cv‡Zi `~iZ¡ 1.525m wfZ‡ii cvZ A‡cÿv evB‡ii cvZ KZLvwb DuPz
n‡j evB‡ii cv‡Zi Dci †Kvb Pvc cÖ‡qvM bv K‡i GKwU †Uªb 9.8ms-1 `ªæwZ‡Z euvK wb‡e?
v2 (9.8) 2
mgvavb : tan     0.1
rg 98  9.8
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

h h
GLb tan    0 .1   h  0.1525 m (Ans.)
d 1.525

KvR ÿgZv I kw³

Type-1 ej Øviv KvR

o
Question1t 2 N ej †Kvb wbw`©ó f‡ii e¯‘i Dci wµqv Kivq e¯‘wU e‡ji w`‡Ki mv‡_ 60 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i 5m `~‡i m‡i †Mj| Kv‡Ri
cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb t Avgiv Rvwb,
W  FScos   2  cos 60o  5J (Ans.)
Question 2t 144kg f‡ii GK e¨w³ 65kg f‡ii GKwU ‡evSv wb‡q 2m `xN© GKwU wmuwo †e‡q 2 min G Dc‡i I‡V| hw` wmuwowU
0
Abyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ 30 †Kv‡Y AvbZ _v‡K, Zvn‡j m¤úbœ Kv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb t W  mgh  mg x sin  = (144  65)  9.8  2  sin 30  2048 . 2 J
o

Question 3t 144kg f‡ii GK e¨w³ 65kg f‡ii GKwU †evSv wb‡q GKwU wmuwo †e‡q f~wg †_‡K 1m Dc‡i D‡V| m¤úbœ Kv‡R cwigvY
wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb t W  mgh = (144  65)  9.8 1  2048.2J (Ans.)
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨:
aªæe ej Øviv K…Z KvR mi‡Yi mgvbycvwZK W x
cwieZx© ej Øviv K…Z KvR mi‡Yi e‡M©I mgvbycvwZK W x 2

Type-2 : wefe kw³ I MwZ kw³ msµvšÍ

Question1t 300m DuPz n‡Z GKwU e¯‘ AwfK‡l©i Uv‡b gy³fv‡e wb‡P co‡j †Kv_vq Zvi MwZkw³ w¯’wZkw³i A‡a©K n‡e?
mgvavb t aiv hvK m fi wewkó e¯‘wU D”PZv †_‡K AwfK‡l©i Uv‡b gy³fv‡e co‡Q| x mitre covi ci Gi MwZkw³ w¯’wZkw³i A‡a©K n‡e|
Zvn‡j, E.P  2E.K  mg(h  x)  2  1  m2
2
 mg(h  x)  m  2gx  h  3x  x  h  300  100m
3 3
 f~wg †_‡K D”PZvq (300  100)  200 m) D”PZvq (Ans.)
1
Question2t 73000kg f‡ii GKwU D‡ovRvnvR f~wg †_‡K 9000 m DuPz‡Z †_‡K 240ms `ªæwZ‡Z Pj‡Q| D‡ovRvnv‡Ri (i) MwZkw³
I (ii) w¯’wZ kw³ KZ?
mgvavb t (i) Ek  1 m2  1  73000  (240)2 = 2.1024  10 J (Ans.)
9
2 2
(ii) E p  mgh  73000  9.8  9000 = 6.4386 10 J (Ans.)
9

Question3t 2kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ KZ D”PZv †_‡K AwfK‡l©i Uv‡b c‡o gvwU‡Z AvNvZ Kivi c~e© gyn~‡Z© 2401 J MwZkw³ jvf K‡i?

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

mgvavb t E k  1 m 2  2401  1  2  2  v= 49ms-1

2 2
Question4t 100kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘i fi‡eM 200kgms 1 n‡j Gi MwZkw³ †ei Ki|
p 2 (200) 2
mgvavb t E k    200J (Ans.)
2m 2  100

Type-3 : ¶gZv msµvšÍ

Question1t 3430 w ¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU †gvUi PvwjZ cv¤ú Øviv GKwU K‚c n‡Z M‡o 7.20 D”PZvq cvwb DVv‡bv nq| †gvU‡ii `¶Zv
90% n‡j cÖwZ wgwb‡U KZ wK‡jvMÖvg cvwb D‡V?
mgh
mgvavb t P  P 
t
pt 0.90  3430  60
 m   2625kg. (Ans.)
gh 9 .8  7 .2
GB cÖ‡kœ `¶Zv 90% bv e‡j ¶gZv 10% bó nq ev ¶gZvi 90% Kvh©Ki nq Gfv‡eI ejv n‡Z cviZ

Question 2t cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨ GKwU Ifvi †nW cvwbi U¨vs‡K 100s mg‡q 1000 kg cvwb D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq| U¨vs‡Ki cvwbi Mo D”PZv
20 m n‡j cv‡¤úi ¶gZv (g = 9.8 m/s2)
mgh
mgvavb : P   P  1000  9.8  20  1960 J  1.96 KJ
t 100
Question 3t GKwU cvwbcyY© Kyqvi MfxiZv 10 m Ges e¨vm 40 m GKwU cv¤ú 20 wgwb‡U KzqvwU‡K cvwbk~b¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ci¯úi Ak¦
¶gZv wbY©q Ki| [2006-2007]
mgvavb : cvwbi fi m  r h
2

mgh r 2 h.g.h 3.14  ( 20) 2  10  9.8  10

¶gZv P  H.P = H.P = H.P = 0.6874 H.P
2 t  746 20  60  2  746 20  60  2  746
ŠwbK MwZm~Î gnvKl© IAwfKl©

Type-1 : AwfKl©R m~Î msµvšÍ

Question1:c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6400 km Ges c„w_exi fi 6.0  1024 kg c„w_ex c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb KZ? [ G  6.67 
10 11 Nm 2 kg 2 ]
6.67  10 11  6  10 24
mgvavb t m~Îvbymv‡i, g  GM  g  9.77
R2 (6400  103 ) 2

Avevi, Dc‡ii mgm¨v‡Z hw` c„w_exi fi bv w`‡q c„w_exi NbZ¡ ‡`Iqv _vK‡Zv| Zvn‡j Avgiv wb‡Pi Formula use K‡i mgvavbwU KiZvg|
(a‡i bvI, c„w_exi Mo NbZ¡   5.5 103 kgm 3
2
g  4 RG  4  3.142  6400  103  5.5  103  6.67  1011  9.83ms (Ans.)
3 3
Type-2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Question1: f~-c„ô †_‡K KZ D”PZvq †M‡j †mLvbKvi AwfKl© Z¡i‡Yi gvb f~-c„‡ôi gv‡bi 5 kZvsk n‡e? (c„w_exi e¨vmva©
R  6.38 10 km )
3

mgvavb t awi, wb‡Y©q D”PZv, h meter

Avgiv Rvwb, f~-c„ô n‡Z D”PZvq Aew¯’Z †Kvb ¯’v‡b AweKl©R Z¡iY, g  R2 g
(R  h ) 2
 2
Zvn‡j g  R 2
g (R  h )

 Rh
R
  gg  1005
2
 
 1  h  20  h  28.54 10 m (Ans.)
R
6

Type- 3 t ‡Kcjv‡ii m~Î msµvšÍ

Question1: m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K c„w_ex I g½j MÖ‡ni e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ 3 : 4 g½‡j 562 w`‡b GK eQi n‡j, c„w_ex‡Z KZ w`‡b GK eQi
n‡e?
g‡b Kwi, c„w_ex I g½‡ji e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g R 1 I R 2 Ges cÖ`w¶YKvj h_vµ‡g T1 I T2
mgvavb t g‡b Kwi, c„w_ex I g½‡ji e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g R 1 I R 2 Ges cÖ`w¶YKvj h_vµ‡g T1 I T2


3
T12 R13 R 3
 3  T1  T2 2 . 1 3  562 2 3  T1  365.03 day (Ans.)
2
Avgiv Rvwb, 2
T2 R 2 R2 4

Type-4t IRbnxbZv

Question2: f~c„ô n‡Z Aí D”PZvq Ges f~-c„‡ôi mgvšÍiv‡j GKwU D‡ovRvnvR wK `ªæwZ‡Z Pj‡j hvÎxiv IRbnxbZv Abyfe Ki‡e?
Re=6400km, ge=9.8ms-2
mgvavb t hvÎxi IRb †K›`ªgyLx e‡ji mgvb n‡j hvÎx IRbnxbZv Abyfe Ki‡e|
Mv2
 W  mg  [ w  F  mg ]
R
1
 V  gR  7.9kms

c`v‡_©i MvVwbK ag©

w¯’wZ¯’vcK
Zv
Question :1 200 cm j¤^v Ges 1mm 2 cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îdjwewkó GKwU B¯úvZ Zv‡ii ˆ`N©¨ 1103 e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri
cwigvY 0.05J | Zv‡ii Dcv`v‡bi Bqs ¸Yv¼ wbY©q Ki| GLv‡b,

YAl 2 L  200cm  2m
mgvavb :Avgiv Rvwb, W  A  lmm 2  10 6 m 2
2L
 0.
05  2  2 2 l  1103 m
ev, Y  W 2 L = 6 = 2 10 Nm
11
Al 2 10  (10 3 ) 2 W  0.05J
Question :2 5m ‰`N©¨ Ges 0.5 mm e¨vmwewkó GKwU Zvi‡K 98 N ej Øviv Uvbv n‡jv| ZviwU KZUzKz e„w× cv‡e? (Y = 21011Nm-
2
)
FL
mgvavb : Y  2 ev, l  2 =
FL 98  5  1.25  10  2 m
3 2
r l r Y 3.14(.25  10 )

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Question :3GKwU Zv‡i 0.01m ˆ`N©¨ weK…wZ‡Z cvk¦© weK…wZ 0.0024m n‡j Zv‡ii Dcv`v‡bi cqm‡bi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki|
cvk ©¦ weKwZ
mgvavb :cqm‡bi AbycvZ,  
ˆ`N ¨ weKwZ
.
ZviwUi Dcv`v‡bi cqm‡bi AbycvZ,   0 0024
.
m = 0.24
0 01m

cÖevnx c`v_©
Type-1 : mv›`ªZv mnM  m¤úwK©Z AsK
B 1 T
Zi‡ji †ÿ‡Î, log   A  M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î,   T   1
T 2 T2
KZ ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi mv›`ªZv mnM 00 C ZvcgvÎvq mv›`ªZv mn‡Mi wظY n‡e?
1 T 1 T
Solve: T1  00 C  273K  2  21   1   1  T2  4T  4  273  1092 K
2 T2 2 T2
Type-2 : †óvK‡mi mgxKiY, F  6 rv , m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK t
Question: 1.5 wbDUb †m‡KÛ/eM©wgUvi mv›`ªZv ¸YvsK wewkó wMømvwi‡bi wfZi w`‡q 0.04 †m.wg. e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU mxmvi e‡ji 0.35
†m.wg./†m‡KÛ cÖvšÍ †e‡M Pj‡Z n‡j wMømvwi‡bi evav`vbKvix ej KZ n‡e?
Solve:Here, mv›`ªvZv ¸YvsK   1.5 NSm , e¨vmva© r  0.04cm  4 104 m , cÖvšÍ‡eM, v  0.35cms 1  3.5 103 ms 1
2

We know, F  6 rv
 F  6  3.14  1.5 NSm 2  4  10 4 m  3.5  10 3 ms 1  395.54  10 7 N  Ans.

chv©e„wËK MwZ

mij †`vjK m¤úwK©Z AsK

l T2 l T2 g1
 T  2   2  
g T1 l1 T1 g2
 AsK Kivi Rb¨ wKQz ¸iæZ¡cyY© Z_¨ t
 ‡m‡KÛ ‡`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj 2 †m‡KÛ
 Nwoi †m‡K‡Ûi KvUvi †`vjbKvj 60 ‡m‡KÛ
 Nwo t †m‡KÛ dv÷ n‡q †M‡j cwiewZ©Z †`vjbKvj = (60-t) ‡m‡KÛ
 Nwo t †m‡KÛ ‡¯øv n‡q †M‡j cwiewZ©Z †`vjbKvj = (60+t) ‡m‡KÛ
 GKwU †`vjK cÖwZ t †m‡K‡Û GKevi wUK w`‡j Zvi †`vjbKvj = 2t
Question1: g½j Mª‡ni e¨vmva© I fi h_vµ‡g c„w_exi e¨vmva© I f‡ii 0.532 ¸Y I 0.11 ¸Y| c„w_ex c„‡ô GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki
†`vjbKvj 2 s n‡j g½j MÖ‡n †`vjbKvj KZ?

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Tm R m M e Tm 0.532 Tm
mgvavb :  ev,  1  0.532  3  Tm  3.35 s
ev,
Te R e M m Te 1 0.11 2
Question2: GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ AciwUi wظY| wØZxq mij †`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj 3 s n‡j cÖ_gwUi ‡`vjbKvj KZ?
T1 L1 T
mgvavb :  ev, 1  2 ev, T1  3 2  4.24 s
T2 L2 3 1
Question3:GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki P›`ª c„‡ô ‡`vjbKvj KZ? †`Iqv Av‡Q c„w_exi fi Puv‡`i f‡ii 81 ¸Y Ges c„w_exi e¨vmva© Puv‡`i
e¨vmv‡a©i 4 ¸Y|
a) 4.5 sec b) 9 sec c)8/9 sec d)9/8 sec Ans: a
Question4:ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j GKwU ‡m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ 2.5 ¸Y e„w× †cj| Gi †`vjbKvj KZ n‡e? [Ans: 3.46s]
-1
Question5:GKwU mij †`vjK 1s I G GKevi wUK kã K‡i| AwfKlx©q Z¡i‡Yi gvb 9.8Nkg n‡j Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ KZ? 0.992m
Question6:GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ 225% evov‡bv n‡j Zvi †`vjbKvj KZ n‡e? [Ans: 3s]

mij Qw›`Z ¯^›`b msµvšÍ

d 2x
mij Qw›`Z MwZi AšÍiK mgxKiY : 2
 2x  0
dt
k 2
GLv‡b   ‡KŠwYK K¤úvsK = 2   2f
m T
KYvi t mg‡q miY x = Asin (  t t  ) miY
‡eM, v   A2  x2
Z¡iY, a   2 x
me©vwaK †eM, vman  A
me©vwaK Z¡iY. aman   2 A
d 2x
Questions 1: 4  100 x  0 mgxKiY Øviv ewY©Z mij †`vjbMwZi †KŠwYL K¤úvsK, K¤úvsK I ch©vqKvj KZ?
dt 2
d 2x
Solve : mgxKiY †_‡K cvB, 2  25 x  0
dt
Av`k© mgxKiY Abyhvqx   25    5 rads 1
2

2  5 2 2
 †KŠwYK K¤úvsK   5 rads 1   2f  f   Mz Ges T   sec
T 2 2  5
Questions 2: †Kv‡bv w¯úªs Gi GK cÖv‡šÍ Ave× 50 g f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡b ¯úw›`Z nq| MwZi we¯Ívi n‡”Q 12 cm
Ges ch©vqKvj 1.70 s | †ei Ki : (K) K¤úv¼, (L) w¯úªs aªæeK, (M) e¯‘wUi m‡e©v”P `ªæwZ, (N) e¯‘wUi m‡e©v”P Z¡iY, (O) mij hLb 6 cm
`ªæwZ, (P) hLb x = 6 cm ZLb Z¡iY|
Solve : Avgiv Rvwb, †KŠwYK K¤úv¼  n‡j,
2 2  3.14 rad
 = = 3.69 rads 1
T 1.70 s GLv‡b,
1 1 fi, m = 50 g = 0.05 kg
(K) f   = 0.59 Hz we¯Ívi, A = 12 cm = 0.12 m
T 1.70 s
ch©vqKvj, T = 1.70 s
k
(L)    k   2m (K) K¤úvsK, f = ?
m (L) w¯úªs aªæeK, k =?
(M) m‡e©v”P `ªæwZ, vmax= ?
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd
(N) m‡e©v”P Z¡iY, amax = ?
)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১ (O) miY, x = 6 cm = 0.06 m `ªæwZ, v =?
A (P) PiY x = 6 cm = 0.06 m Z¡iY, a=?
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

= (3.69 rads 1 ) 2  (0.05 kg) = 0.68 Nm-1

(M) Vmax = 
= 3.69 rads 1  0.12 m = 0.44 ms-1
(N) amax =  2 A = (3.69 rads 1 ) 2  0.12 m  1.63 ms 2
x2
(O) v  A 1 
A2
(0.06 m) 2
= (3.69 rads 1 )  (0.12m)  1  = 0.38 ms 1
(0.12 m) 2
(P) a =   2 x =  (3.69 rads 1 ) 2  0.06 m  0.82 ms 2
D : 0.59 Hz; 0.68 Nm 1; 0.44 ms 1; 1.63 ms 2 ; 0.38 mss 1;  0.82 ms 2

Zi
½
Type-
1
Zi½ MwZi cÖ`Ë mgxKiY e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ DcvË wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK :
Question : GKwU AMÖMvgx Zi‡½i mgxKiY, y  0.1sin 2 340t  x  Gi Zi‡½i we¯Ívi, Zi½ ˆ`N©¨, Zi½ †e M, K¤úvsK I
ch©vqKvj wbY©q Ki|
2
Solve : GKwU AMÖMvgx Zi‡½i mvaviY mgxKiY y  a sin vt  x 


i  we¯—vi, a  0.1m ii  .x  2  x ; Zi½‰`N©¨,   1m

 2 340ms 1
iii  .v  340  Zi½‡eM, v  340 ms 1 iv K¤úv¼ f 
v
  340s 1 = 340 Hz
   1m
v  ch©vqKvj, T  1  1
s
f 340

Type-
2
2
 c_ cv_©K¨,
`kv cv_©K¨ =  = `~i‡Z¡i Rb¨ `kv cv_©K¨ 2

Question : GKwU Zi‡½i `ywU we›`yi g‡a¨ c_ cv_©K¨ 5 we›`y؇qi `kv cv_©K¨ KZ?
4
a)  b)  c)  d) 
3 4 2 6
Solve : `kv cv_©K¨ = 2 Gi cv_©K¨ = 2 . 5  5 = 2     Ans. (c)
  4 2 2 2

Type-
3
k‡ãi †eM, Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ Ges K¤úv‡¼i g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i wewfbœ mgxKi‡Yi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK
Question1: v  n m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK :

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
P I Q `ywU gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM h_vµ‡g 300ms 1 Ges 350ms 1 | gva¨g `ywU‡Z k‡ãi Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i cv_©K¨  0.1m n‡j myi
kjvKvi 50 K¤ú‡b kã Q gva¨‡g KZ `~‡i hv‡e?
Solve : †h‡nZz Q gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM †ewk ZvB Q gva¨‡g m„ó Zi‡½i Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ P gva¨‡g m„ó Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i †P‡q eo n‡e|
A_©vr Q  P
 Q  P  0.1.............i  ; v p  nP  300  n p ......ii ;
Avevi, vQ  nQ  350  nQ ......iii 

iii  bs n‡Z ii  bs we‡qvM Ki‡j cvB, nQ  P  = 50  n  50  500; t 

N

50
 0.1s
0 .1 n 500
Q gva¨‡g 50 K¤ú‡b AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡, s  vt  350  0.1  35m  Ans.

Type-4 ex‡Ui mgxKiY e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ ivwk wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK
kã
exU msL¨v wbY©qt cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û m„ó exU (N) `yÕwU K¤úv‡¼i cv_©‡K¨I mgvb | g‡bKwi, A I B `yÕwU myikjv‡K hv‡`i K¤úvsK h_vµ‡g
n A I n B | N= n A ~ n B
fi e„w×i †¶‡Ît ai, A myikjvKvi fi e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q ev Zvi †cPv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
d‡j  i  exU  , n A  n B  N [ N nj exU msL¨v/¯^iK¤ú]
ii  exU , n A  n B  N
Avevi, fi e„w×i d‡j exU msL¨vi cwieZ©b bv n‡j ev exU †kvbv bv ‡M‡j,
i fi e„w×i c~‡e©, n A  n B  N
ii  fi e„w×i c‡i, nA  nB  N
fi n«v‡mi †¶‡Ît N‡l ev †h‡Kvb Dcv‡q A myikjvKvi fi n«vm Kiv n‡j,
hw`, i  exU  , n A  n B  N
ii  exU , nA  nB  N
Avevi, fi n«v‡mi d‡j exU msL¨vi †Kvb cwieZ©b bv n‡j ev exU †kvbv bv †M‡j,
i fi n«v‡mi c~‡e©, n A  n B  N
ii  fi n«v‡mi ci, nA  nB  N
Question1: fi n«vm-e„w×i d‡j m„ó exU e¨envi K‡i ARvbv myi kjvKvi K¤úvsK wbY©q msµvšÍ AsKt
A I B `ywU my‡ijx KuvUv GK‡Î aŸwbZ Ki‡j cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 5 wU exU Drcbœ nq| A  ‡K GKUz N‡l cybivq aŸwbZ Ki‡j GKB msL¨K
exU Drcbœ nq| B Gi K¤úvsK 505 Hz | Nlvi c~‡e© I c‡i A  Gi K¤úvsK wbY©q Ki Ges NUbvwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
Slove: g‡b Kwi, A I B myi kjvKvi K¤úvsK h_vµ‡g n A I n B |
GLv‡b n A ARvbv K¤úvsK n B  510 Hz Ges exU msL¨v, N  5  n A  n B  N........i 
Nlvi c~‡e© A  Gi K¤úvsK n A  510  5  515 Hz Ges n A  510  5  505 Hz
‡h‡nZz A myi kjvKv‡K Nlv n‡q‡Q ZvB Nlvi ci Gi K¤úvsK c~‡e©i Zzjbvq †e‡o hv‡e| Kv‡RB Nlvi c~‡e© A -Gi m¤¢ve¨ K¤úvsK, n A
 515 Hz we‡ePbv Ki‡j Nlvi ci exU msL¨v GKB nevi m¤¢vebv †bB| ZvB Nlvi c~‡e© A -Gi K¤úvsK  505 Hz n‡e Ges Nlvi
ci A -Gi K¤úvsK n A  515 Hz | Ans .
Question2: ex‡Ui mgxKiY e¨envi K‡i k‡ãi †eM wbY©q msµvšÍ AsKt

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
`ywU myi kjvKv GKwU M¨v‡m 0.50m Ges 0.505m ˆ`‡N¨©i Zi½ Drcbœ K‡i| hw` cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 6 wU exU Drcbœ nq Z‡e D³ M¨v‡m
k‡ãi †eM wbY©q Ki|
Slove: g‡b Kwi, M¨v‡m †eM  v  v  n11..............1 Ges v  n 2 2 ..........2
N  n1  n 2 ............5  1  2 
GLb mgxKiY 5 n‡Z cvB,
1 1 
ev, 6  v
1  0.50  0.505
N
v

v
ev, 6  v  
1
  ev, v  303 ms
1
 Ans.
1  2  1  2   0.50 0.505  0.005

GLv‡b , N  6 / 5 1  0.500 m  2  0.505 m

Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡

Type-1: M¨v‡mi Mo eM©‡¶‡Îi eM©g~j wbY©‡qi wewfbœ m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ

AsK
3P
Type a C  m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK t

Question:¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki| ¯^vfvweK Pvc I ZvcgvÎvq Aw·‡R‡bi
3
NbZ¡  1.43kgm |
Solve : Here,   1.43 kgm
3
P  0.76 m
3 2

Dj¤^ cvi`¯Í‡¤¢i Pvc  0.76m  (13.6 10 kgm )  9.8ms  0.76  13.6 10  9.8 Nm
3 3 1
 [ P  hg ]
3  0.76 13.6 103  9.8 Nm 2
awi wb‡Y©q Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j c  3
 461 ms 1  Ans.
1.43kgm
C1 T
Type b  1 m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK :
C2 T2
Question: w¯’i Pv‡c KZ ZvcgvÎvq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j ¯^vfvweK Pvc I ZvcgvÎvi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~‡ji wظY nB‡e?
Solve : Avgiv Rvwb, w¯’i Pv‡c C T awi, ¯^vfvweK Pvc I ZvcgvÎv TK G Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j = C 0
C T
wb‡Y©q ZvcgvÎv T K G Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j C  2C0  2  T  4T0  4  273  1092 K  819C
C0 T0

Type-2: M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ wbY©‡qi wewfbœ m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK

3
Type a n †gvj M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ E  nRT m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK :
2
Question: 57C ZvcgvÎvi 1 mole He Gi mv‡_ 270 C ZvcgvÎvi 1 mole Ar wgkv‡j P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e?

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
3
Solve : n †gvvj M¨v‡mi MwZkw³  nRT
2
 1 R273  57   R  330
3 3
57 0 C 1 mole He Gi MwZkw³ =
2 2
 1 R 273  27   R  300
3 3
270 C ZvcgvÎvq Ar Gi MwZkw³
2 2
3
`yÕ‡Uv M¨vm wg‡k 2 mole n‡j wgkª‡Yi MwZkw³ =  2  RT kw³i wbZ¨Zv m~Î †_‡K|
2
 315 K  420 C  Ans.
3 3 3 630
  2 RT  R  300  R  330 T 
2 2 2 2
3
Type b GKwU AYyi MwZkw³ E  KT m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK :
2
27
Question:GKwU cv‡Î 27 C ZvcgvÎvq wnwjqvg M¨vm Av‡Q| wnwjqvg AYyi MwZkw³ wbY©q Ki| [wnwjqvg AYyi fi, 6.68 10 kg
0

].
 6.211021 J  Ans.
3 3
Solve : E  KT   1.38  10  23  300
2 2

Type-3: Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK

f
R  100 m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK:
F
Question: †Kvb ¯’v‡bi ZvcgvÎv 30C Ges H ¯’v‡bi cÖwZ NbwgUvi evqy‡Z 26 g Rjxq ev®ú _vK‡j H ¯’v‡bi Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv KZ?
300 C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi NbZ¡ 30.37 gm 3 |
f
 100  85.61%  Ans.
26
Solve :  f  26 gm 3 ,  F  30.37 gm
3
Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv R   100 =
F 30.37

Zvc MwZwe`¨v

ZvcgvÎv

Type-1
C F  32 R Rn  492
ZvcgvÎv wewfbœ †¯‹‡ji g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i m~Î    e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK :
5 9 4 9
0
Question1: †Kvb ZvcgvÎv †mw›U‡MÖW I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡j co‡j 40 cv_©K¨ nq?
Solve : g‡b Kwi, †mw›U‡MÖW †¯‹‡j cvV = x  dv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡j cvV  x  40
C F  32
 Avgiv Rvwb,  .............i 
5 9
x x  40  32
  ev, 9 x  5 x  200  160 ev, 4 x  200  160 ev, x =10 ev -90
5 9
10 F  32
wKš‘ hLb, C  x  10 ZLb mgxKiY i  Abymv‡i
10
  F  9   32  500 Ges ZLb, x  C  90
0 0

5 9 5

 F    9  32  130 0  Ans.
90 F 32 90
wKš‘ hLb, C  x  90 ZLb,  
0

5 9 2
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Question2:†Kvb ZvcgvÎvq †mjwmqvm I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡j GKB cvV cvIqv hvq?
Solve : awi, C  F  x
C F  32 x x  32
  ev,  ev, 9 x  5 x  160  x  40
5 9 5 9
DËi :  40C ev  40 F

Type-2

ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvV n‡Z mwVK _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cvV wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK :
0 0 0
Question: GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi mvaviY evqy Pv‡ci MwjZ ei‡d 5 C Ges ﮋ ev‡®ú 99 C cvV †`q| _v‡g©vwgUviwU 52 C cvV
w`‡j dv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡j KZ cvV cvIqv hv‡e?
Solve:g‡bKwi, dv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡j cvV = F
Avgiv cvB, mKj †¯‹‡ji †¶‡Î,
ZvcgvÎv-wb¤œw¯’i we›`y
AbycvZ mgvb
DaŸ© w¯’iwe›`y-wb¤œw¯’i we›`y
F  32 52  5 1
 F  90  32  1220  Ans.
180
   ev, F  32   90
212  32 99  5 2 2

Zvc MwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Î

Type-1
 Q  U  W msµvšÍ AsK:
Question:‡Kvb wm‡÷g cwi‡ek †_‡K 800 J Zvckw³ †kvlY Kivq Gi AšÍt¯’ kw³ 500 J e„w× †cj| wm‡÷g KZ©„K cwi‡e‡ki Dci
m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ?
a) 500 J b) 800 J c)1300 J d)300 J Ans : (d)

Type-2

K…ZKvR I Drcbœ Zv‡ci g‡a¨ m¤úK© msµvšÍ AsK:

Question: MwZkw³ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j K…ZKvR Øviv Drcbœ Zvc n‡Z wewfbœ ivwk wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK:
hw` QzUšÍ mxmvi ey‡jU‡K nVvr _vgv‡j Gi mg¯Í kw³ Zv‡c cwiYZ n‡q ey‡j‡Ui ZvcgvÎv 1000 †m. e„w× K‡i, Z‡e ey‡jUwU‡K KZ
†e‡M †Quvov n‡qwQj? [mxmvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc = 0.03 ]
Slovet GLv‡bi ey‡j‡Ui MwZkw³ ½ mv2
Drcbœ Zvc = m  0.03 100  3m calorie
Zvc MwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Îvbymv‡i W = JH
AZGe, 1 / 2 mv 2  4.2  10  3m.
7

 v 2  2  4.2 107  3  v  2  4.2 107  3 = 15.8 metre. (Ans.)

Type-3
iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ ivwk wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK t
Question1: P1V1  P2V2 m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK :

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡ci †Kvb M¨vm‡K iæ× Zvcxq cÖwµqvq wظY AvqZ‡b cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki| ( =
1.40)
Question2: T1V2 1  T2V2 1 m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK t
5
GKwU cvigvYweK †evgv we‡ùvi‡Yi ci gyû‡Z©B †h AwMœ‡Mvj‡Ki m„wó nj Zvi e¨vmva© 100 wgUvi Ges ZvcgvÎv 10 k | AwMœ‡MvjKwU
iæ×Zvc cÖwµqvq m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡q hLb 1000m e¨vmva© jvf K‡i ZLbKvi †gvUvgywU ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki| [`ywU Av‡cwÿK Zv‡ci AbycvZ
= 1.66]
Solve: T1  105 k ; r1  100m; r2  1000m
 1 3  1   31.661
T1  V2  T1  4 / 3r23  T1  r2  105  1000 
               T2  1047 K  Ans.
T2  V1  T2  4 / 3r13  T2  r1  T2  100 
1 1
Question3: T1 P1   T2 P2  m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK t
30o C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi Dci iæ× Zvcxq cÖwµqvq P‡j wظb Kiv n‡jv| ZvcgvÎv e„w× wbY©q Ki
1 
P  
Solve: T2  T1  1 
 P2 


11.4
ev, T2  303 1 1.4
 3030.5  0.4 = 369.36 k
2 1.4
Zvc MwZwe`¨vi wØZxq
m~Î
Type-1

 T 
Kg©`¶Zv   1  2  100 m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ
 T1 
Question1: 280 C Ges 1570 C DòZv؇qi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ GKwU Kv‡b©vi Bwćb 20,000 cal Zvc mieivn Kiv nj| BwÄbwU KZUzKz
Dc‡hvMx KvR Ki‡Z mg_© n‡e?
T 301
Solve :   1  2  1   0.3 ; mieivnK…Z Zvc = 20,000 cal  20,000  4.2  8.4 10 J
4

T1 430
 
 BwÄb Øviv K…Z KvR = 8.4 10  0.3  2.52 10 J
4 4
 Ans.
Type-2

Q2 T2
 m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK :
Q1 T1
Question:GKwU Kv‡b©v Bwćbi Dr†mi ZvcgvÎv 400 k | †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq Drm †_‡K GKwU 840 J Zvc MÖnY Ges wm‡é 420 J Zvc
eR©b K‡i‡Q| BwÄbwUi Kg©`¶Zv †ei Ki|
Solve : Here, T1  400 k Q1  840 J Q2  420 J ;   ?
Q2 420
T1   T1   400  200k
Q1 840
 2 1 1
  0.5  50%  Ans.
T2 200
Kg©`¶Zv,   1   1  1 
T1 400 2 2 2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Type-3
GbUªwci cwieZ©b wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK :
Question: Ae¯’vi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j GbUªwci cwieZ©b wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK :
1 MÖvg cvwb‡K 174.39 †m.wg. cvi` Pv‡c dzUv‡Z GbUªwci cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki| 174.39 cm cvi` Pv‡c cvwbi ùzUbvsK 1250 C Ges
1
ev®úxq fe‡bi myßZvc  22.55 10 JKg
5

Solve : Here, cvwbi fi, m  1gm  0.001kg ev®úxq fe‡bi myßZvc, Lv  22.55 105 JKg 1
ZvcgvÎv T  273  125  398 K
Q mL 0.001 22.55 105
GbUªwci cwieZ©b =    5.67 JK 1
T T 398

w¯’i Zwor

Type-1
Kzj‡¤^i m~Î I Gi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsKt
Question: 50 coul Ges  20 coul Pv‡R© PvwR©Z `ywU mgvb AvKv‡ii avZe †MvjK evqy‡Z ci¯úi n‡Z .05m `~‡i i‡q‡Q| †MvjK
`ywU‡K ci¯ú‡ii ms¯ú‡k© wb‡q cybivq GKB `~i‡Z¡ ivLv nq| ¯ú‡k©i c~‡e© Ges c‡i Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi ej wbY©q Ki|
q1  q 2
9

9  10  50   20 
Slove: (K) Avgiv cvB, F  2
  3.6 1013 N (AvKl©Y)
4 0 d 0.5  0.5
9
q1  q2 9  10  15  15 12
(L) Avgiv cvB, F  2
  8.1  10 N (AvKl©Y)
4 0 d 0.5  0.5
‡h‡nZz †MvjK `ywU‡K ci¯ú‡ii ms¯ú‡k© wb‡q cybivq GKB `~i‡Z¡ ivLv nq|
50   20  50   20 
 cÖ_g PvR©, q1   15 coul Ges wØZxq PvR©, q 2   15 coul
2 2
Type-2
ˆe`y¨wZK †¶‡Îi cÖvej¨ wbY©q msµvšÍ AsKt
Question1: `yBwU PvR© h_vµ‡g - 60 c Ges +60 c ci¯úi n‡Z 0.12 m `yi‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z| PvR© `ywUi ms‡hvRb †iLvi wVK ga¨we›`y‡Z
cÖvej¨ n‡e?
Slove: E  9 109 12 (Q1  Q2 ) (PvR©Øq wecixZ agx© e‡j) ev, E  9  109 1 2 (60  60)  3  1014 N
r1 (.06)
q
Question2: `yBwU abvZ¥K we›`y PvR© q1 I q 2 d `~i‡Z¡ Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| 1  16 n‡j q1 n‡Z KZ `~i‡Z¡ Zwor †¶Î cÖve‡j¨i gvb
q2
mgvb n‡e?
Slove: q1 n‡Z x `~i‡Z¡ cÖvej¨Øq mgvb n‡j x  d ev, x  d  d  4d
1
q2 1 1 1 1 5
q1 16 4

Question3:GKwU †Uwjwfkb wUD‡ei †Kvb GK we›`y‡Z 1.6  1019 Coulomb Pv‡R©i GKwU B‡j±ª‡bi Dci 8  19-14 Newtonej
Abyfe nq| H we›`y‡Z ˆe`y¨wZK †¶‡Îi ZxeªZv KZ?

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
14
Slove: F  EQ  E  F  8  10 19  5 105 N / C
Q 1.6  10

Type-3

ˆe`y¨wZK †¶‡Îi wefe wbY©q msµvšÍ AsKt

8
Question1: 1.00 wgUvi evûwe‡kó †Kvb eM©‡¶‡Îi †Kvb eM©‡¶‡Îi PviwU ‡KŠwYK we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g q1  1  10 Kzj¤^
q 2  2  108 Kzj¤^, q 3  3  10 8 Kzj¤^ q 4  2  108 Kzj¤^ Avavb iwnqv‡Q| eM©‡¶‡Îi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z wefe KZ nB‡e wbY©q Ki|

Solve: eM©‡¶‡Îi †K‡›`ª wefe, V  9  10

9 2
q1  q 2  q3  q 4 
evûi ˆ`N¨

9
 9  10 
1
2
 8 8 8 8

1  10  2  10  3  10  2  10  360 2 †fvë

Question2: hw` a e¨vmva© wewkó `ywU cwievnx †MvjK‡K hv‡`i GKwU‡Z +Q Avavb Av‡Q, Ab¨wU‡Z †Kvb Avavb †bB, ci¯úi ms¯ú‡k©
Avbv nq, Zvn‡j PzovšÍ wefe KZ?
Q 1 Q/2 1 Q
Solve: ms¯ú‡k©i ci cÖwZwU‡Z Avavb   F F
2 4  a 8 o a

Type-4
aviKZ¡ wbY©q , avi‡Ki ms‡hvRb I kw³ wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK t
Question1: GKwU mgvšÍivj cvZ avi‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡Zi †¶Îdj 0.01m 2 | cvZ `ywUi g‡a¨ KZ cyyiæ‡Z¡i Aå cvZ (k  6) cÖ‡ek
Kiv‡j aviKwUi aviKZ¡ 1m e¨vmva© wewkó GKwU ‡MvjKxq cwievnxi aviK‡Z¡i mgvb n‡e?
o KA KA 6  .01
Solve:  4 o r ev, d 
  4.77  10  3 m
d 4 4  3.14
Question2: GKwU mgvšÍivj cvZ aviK‡K PvwR©Z Kivi d‡j cvZ؇qi g‡a¨ wefe cªv_©K¨ n‡j V | wefe cÖv_©K¨ KZ n‡j avi‡Ki mwÂZ
kw³ wظb n‡e?
2
E V  E 2E1
Solve: Avgiv Rvwb, 1   1   V2  V1 2  V  2V
E 2  V2  E1 E1
Question3:GKwU mgvšÍivj †cøU K¨vcvwmUv‡ii †cø‡Ui †¶Îdj 2m2 | †c­ U `yBwUi g‡a¨ cvi‰e`y¨wZK e¯‘ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv nj hvi
Av‡cw¶K cviwgwUwfwU 6| GLb aviKZ¡ c‡e©i Zzjbvq KZ¸Y n‡e?
Solve: mgvavb : †h‡nZz Av‡cw¶K cvi wgwUwfwU 6 †m‡nZz aviKZ¡ c~‡e©i Zzjbvq 6 ¸b|
Question4: `ywU mgvb aviK‡Z¡i aviK‡K cÖ_‡g †kªYx‡Z I c‡i mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ Kiv nj| †kªYx I mgvšÍivj ms‡hv‡M Zyj¨ aviK‡Z¡i
AbycvZ?
Solve: Cs : C p  1 : n 2  1 : (2) 2  1 : 4
Question5: 1.4 F aviKZ¡ wewkó GKwU B‡jKUªwbK h‡š¿i Uvwg©bvj ؇qi g‡a¨ 3000 V wefe cv_©K¨ †`qv nj| avi‡K mwÂZ kw³i
cwigvY KZ?
Solve: U  CV 2  1.4 10 6  3000   6.3 J Ans .
1 1 2

2 2
Question6:GKwU avi‡Ki wef‡ei cwigvY wظY Kiv n‡j Zvi wfZ‡i mwÂZ kw³i cwigvY e„w× cv‡e? Ans : 4 ¸b

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Type-5

MvD‡mi m~Î msµvšÍ AsK:-   E.d S  q    q



Question :†Kvb Ave× Z‡ji Zwor d¬v· 100 NC 1m2 n‡j H Zj Øviv Ave× †gvU Pv‡R©i cwigvb KZ?
Ans : q      100  8.854  10 12  8.854  10 10 C

Pj Zwor

Type-1: Circuit

 ‡iv‡ai †kªYx mgev‡q cÖevngvÎv aªæe _v‡K A_©vr g~j cÖev‡ni mgvb _v‡K| wKš‘ wefe cv_©K¨ wfbœ wfbœ †iv‡ai Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ nq|
 †iv‡ai mgvšÍivj mgev‡q wefe cv_©K¨ aªæe _v‡K wKš‘ cÖevngvb wfbœ wfbœ †iv‡ai Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ nq|
wefe: i V1  R1
.E  R 1 , R 2 , R 3 †kªYx‡Z hy³ | r †`Iqv bv _vK‡j, r  0 |
R1  R 2  R 3  r
ii  V2  R2
.E  R 1 , R 2 , R 3 †kªYx‡Z hy³ | r †`Iqv bv _vK‡j, r  0 |
R1  R 2  R 3  r

cÖevngvÎv: i  I1  1 . R 1 , R 2 , R 3 mgvšÍiv‡j hy³|

V
R1
ii  I1  V2 . R 1 , R 2 , R 3 mgvšÍiv‡j hy³|
R2

Example1: ‡kÖYx‡Z hy³ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †iv‡ai †ÿ‡Î

V 60
eZ©bxi Zzj¨ †iva I †gvU Zwor cÖevn t R= 5+10+15=30 Ohm I    2 amp
R 30
wewfbœ ‡iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn t I 5  I 10  I 15  I  2 amp
wewfbœ †iv‡ai wefe cv_©K¨ t
5 10 15
V5   60  10 Volt V10   60  20 Volt V15   60  30 Volt
5  10  15 5  10  15 5  10  15
Example2: mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †iv‡ai ‡ÿ‡Î t

eZ©bxi Zzj¨ †iva I †gvU Zwor cÖevn t 1 1 1 1 11 30

     R
R 5 6 R 30 11
V 11 11
I   10  
R 30 3

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
wewfbœ †iv‡ai wefe cv_©K¨ t V6  V  10 Volt V5  V  10 Volt
V6 10 5
wewfbœ ‡iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn t I 6    amp
R6 6 3
V 10
I 5  5   2 amp
R5 5
Example3: RwUj eZ©bxi †ÿ‡Î t

1 1 1 1
eZ©bxi Zzj¨ †iva:     Rp  18.75 Rs  100  18.75  118.75  R
Rp 50 50 75
V 6
eZ©bxi †gvU Zwor cÖevn t I    0.0505 amp
R 118.75
V 6
wewfbœ ‡iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn t I100  I    0.0505 amp
R 118.75
V 0.95 95
I 75  75   amp
R75 75 7500
18.75 18.75
wewfbœ †iv‡ai wefe cv_©K¨ t V75 V (50 75 50) V18.75  V   6  0.95 V
100  18.75 118.75
Question1:GKwU 2 K  Ohm Ges GKwU 3 K  Ohm †iva GKwU 10 volt e¨vUvixi mv‡_ †kªYx mgev‡q h³ Av‡Q| 2 K  Ohm
†iv‡ai cÖv‡šÍ wefe cÖv_©K¨?
R1
Solve: V1   V  2 10  4v
R1  R 2 23

Type-2
P R

ûBU‡÷vbeªxR bxwZ
Q S
Question1:GKwU ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡Ri Pvi evûi †iva 8, 12, 16 I 20 | PZz_© evûi mv‡_ KZ †iva hy³ Kii‡j eªxRwU mvg¨e¯’vq _vK‡e
wbY©q Ki|
Solve:
P

R

8

16
 S  24  †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e, 24  20  4
Q S 12 S

Question2:GKwU ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡Ri Pvi evû‡Z h_vµ‡g 10, 5, 8 Ges 12 Gi PviwU †iva Av‡Q| PZz_© evûi †iv‡ai mv‡_
KZ gv‡bi GKwU mv›U hy³ Ki‡j eªxRwU mvg¨e¯’v jvf Ki‡e|
P R QR 5  8
Solve:  S   4  GLv‡b S  12; mgvšÍiv‡j GKwU S1 mv›U hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e
Q S P 10
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
        S 1  6
S 12 S1 S1 4 12 12 6

Type-3: †iva ,Av‡cw¶K †iva wbY©q I Gi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

 R 1 ‡iv‡ai †Kvb Zv‡ii ˆ`N©¨ x ¸b e„w× Ki‡j ZviwUi eZ©gvb †iva R 2  x 2  R1 wKš‘ x ¸b ms‡KvwPZ Ki‡j
R
R 2  21
x
 `yBwU Zv‡i ˆ`N©¨, e¨vm, Av‡cw¶K †eva cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki AbycvZ 1 : 2 n‡j R1  R 2 |

Question1: 0.44 wgUvi `xN© Ges 0.12 wg.wg e¨v‡mi GKwU Zv‡ii †iva 15 Ing| ZviwUi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cw¶K †iva wbY©q Ki|
2
L r R 8
Solve: R    38.5  10 m
A L
Question2: 5mm  7 mm cÖ¯’‡”Q` wewkó Ges 15mm `xN© GKwU `‡Ûi Av‡cw¶K †iva n‡”Q 0.105   m . e¯‘wU‡K †K‡U Gi
cÖ¯’‡”Q` 3mm  2mm Ki‡j Ges ˆ`N©¨ 10 mm Ki‡j Zvi Av‡cw¶K †iva n‡e-
a) 0.012  - m b) 0.053  - m c) 0.105  - m d) 0.918  - m Ans : (c)
Question3: 15 †iv‡ai GKwU Zvgvi Zvi‡K †U‡b Ggbfv‡e j¤^v Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z Zv‡ii ‰`N¨© wظb nq Ges cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îdj
A‡a©K nq| cwi‡k‡l ‡iva KZ n‡e? DËi t 60
L1 L 2 A1 L1
 R 2  4R1  4  15  60
R1 A1 1
Solve: R1  ; R2  ; L 2  2 L1 , A2    
A1 A2 2 R2 A1 2  2 L1  4

Question4: 9  ‡iv‡ai GKwU Zvgvi Zvi‡K AvqZb AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L ‡U‡b wZb¸Y j¤^v Kiv n‡jv| GB Ae¯’vq ZviwUi †iva-
a) 9  b) 27  c) 81  d) 243  Ans : ( c)
Solve: R 1 ‡iv‡ai †Kvb Zv‡ii ˆ`N©¨ x ¸b e„w× Ki‡j ZviwUi eZ©gvb †iva R 2  x 2  R1

Type-4: W=JH m~Î e¨envi K‡i J wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK

Question:GKwU Kv‡Pi b‡ji A¶ eivei 5  †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q 1 amp Zwor cÖevn Pj‡Q| b‡ji ga¨ w`‡q wgwb‡U 15cc cvwb
cÖevwnZ nq| cvwbi cÖ‡ek I wbM©g c‡_ ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ 4.75o n‡j J Gi gvb KZ?
Solve: W=JH  i 2 Rt  J  ms  J  V  s
 12  5  60  J 15 11 4.75
 J  4.21 Joule Cal 1  Ans.

Type-5

V2
P=Vi =I2R=
m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsK t
R
Question1: 100 ‡fvë jvÿw‡b c„_Kfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j `yÕwU evwZ h_vµ‡g 30 IqvU I 60 IqvU ¶gZv MÖnY K‡i| G‡`i †iva KZ?
evwZ `yÕwU †kªYx mgev‡q 200 †fvë mieivn jvB‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡j Giv †gvU KZ IqvU MÖnY Ki‡e?
V 2 (1000) 2 V 2 (100) 2
Solve: R1    333.33 R2    166.66
P1 30 P2 60
evwZ `yÕwU †kªYx mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡j R=R1 +R2 = 333.33+166.66=500
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
V 200 2
I   amp.
R 500 5
2 2
2 2
 P1  I R1     333.33 53.33 Watt.
2
P2  I R2    166.6626.66Watt.
2

5 5
PT=P1+P2=53.33+26.66=79.9=80Watt.
Question2: 220 V , 40 W Ges 110 V , 40 W †jLv B‡jKwUªK ev‡j¦i †iv‡ai AbycvZ-
a) 1 : 1 b) 2 : 1 c) 4 : 1 d) 6 : 1 Ans : (c)

Type-6

NPT1T2 tk
we`y¨r wej =
1000
GLv‡b N = Dr‡mi (evwZ, d¨vb) msL¨v, P = Dr‡mi ÿgZv T1 = cÖwZw`b hZ N›Uv P‡j, T2 = hZ w`b P‡j, tk = cÖwZ BDwbU we`y¨‡Zi
g~j¨|
Question1: GKwU †nv‡÷‡j 200 Rb QvÎ Av‡Q| cÖwZwU QvÎ cÖwZw`b 5 N›Uv 60 watt Gi evwZ R¡vjvq| 30 w`‡b we`y¨r kw³
eve` KZ wej Avm‡e? cÖwZ BDwbU kw³i e¨q 1.50 UvKv|
NPT1T2 tk 200  60  5  30  1.5
Solve: we`y¨ wej =   2700 UvKv (Ans.)
1000 1000
Question2:cÖwZwU 60 W Gi 5wU evwZ K‡qK N›Uv K‡i R¡vjv‡bv nq, cÖwZ BDwbU we`y¨r g~j¨ 3 UvKv Ges GK gv‡m (30w`b) we`y¨r wej
162 UvKv n‡j ‰`wbK we`y¨r e¨env‡ii mgqKvj?
NPT1T2 tk 60  5  30  T1  3
Solve: we`y¨r wej = ev, 162   T1  6hr Ans
1000 1000

Zwor cÖev‡ni †PŠ¤^K wµqv I Pz¤^KZ¡

Type-1
0 I
 j‡iÄ †PŠ¤^K ej, F  qVB sin   ‡mvRv cwievnxi wbK‡U †Kvb we›`y‡Z B 
2
 0 NI  0 I1 I 2 L
 e„ËvKvi cwievnxi †K›`ª, B   `ywU mgvšÍivj Zv‡ii g‡a¨ wµqvgxj ej F 
2 2 r
Question 1: nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy‡Z GKwU B‡j±ªb †cÖvUb‡K †K‡›`ª K‡i 5.3 1011 m e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU K¶ c‡_ 6.8 1015 Hz
K¤úv‡¼ AveZ©b Ki‡Q| †cÖvU‡bi Ae¯’v‡b GwU KZ gv‡bi †PŠ¤^K †¶Î m„wó K‡i|
q
Solve: i =  qn  1.6  10 19  6.8  1015  1.088 10 3 A
T
0i 4  107  1.088  103
B    12.89 Tesla
2R 2  5.3  1011
Question2: f~wg †_‡K 10m DuPz‡Z GKwU ‰e`y¨wZK jvB‡bi Zvi 100 A Zwor cÖevn enb K‡i| Zv‡ii wVK wb‡P f~wg‡Z †PŠ¤^K
‡¶‡Îi gvb wbY©q Ki|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

0 I 4 10 7  100
Solve: B    2  10  6 Tesla  Ans.
2R 2  10
Question3: 5 104 C FYvZ¥g PvR©hy³ GKwU Kbv  X A‡¶i w`‡K 1  102 ms 1 †e‡M 2 Wb / m 2 †PŠ¤^K Av‡ek wewkó
†¶‡Îi g‡a¨ avweZ nq| †PŠ¤^K Av‡ek  Y eivei wµqvkxj n‡j H Kbvi Dci wµqvkxj e‡ji gvb wbY©q Ki|
Solve: F  Bqv sin   5 104 1102  sin 90o  .05N ,Z w`K eivei|
Question4: `ywU we`y¨revnx `ywU j¤^v mgvšÍivj Zvi ci¯úi n‡Z 0.03m `~‡i Aew¯’Z| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Zv‡ii wfZi w`‡q 10 A we`y¨r
cÖevn Pvjv‡j cwievnx Zv‡ii 0.1m ˆ`‡N©i Dci e‡ji gvb †ei Ki|
 0 I1 I 2 l  0 I 2 l
Solve: F  = GLv‡b, d  0.03m I1  I 2  10 A l  0.1m
2d 2d

 F=
4 10 7

WbA 1m 10 A2 0.1m 

2  100  1 107  102
= 66.66  107Wb Am1  Ans.
2 0.03m  3  10 2

Type-2
A¨vwgUvi wnmv‡e e¨eüZ M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii / ‡fvëwgUvi wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ M¨jfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cvjøv e„w× msµvšÍ AsK t
r
 A¨vwgUv‡i n ¸Y †ewk cÖevn gvcvi Rb¨ mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ †iv‡ai gvb, S 
n 1
 †fvë wgUv‡ii cvjøv n ¸Y e„w×i Rb¨ †kªYx‡Z mshy³ †iv‡ai gvb, R  n  1 r
Question1:GKwU A¨vwgUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY †iva 0.9 Ges GwU m‡e©v”P 5 A ch©šÍ cÖevn gvc‡Z cv‡i| Gi mvnv‡h¨ 50 A cÖevn
gvc‡Z n‡i wK e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e ?

 0.1  Ans.
50 A r 0.9 0 .9
Solve: GLv‡b, r  0.9 ; n   10 Avgiv Rvwb, S  S  
5A n 1 10  1 9
Question2:GKwU †fvëwgUv‡ii cvj­ v 15V Ges †iva 1000 | G‡K wKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡j 150V gvcv hv‡e?
Solve: R  n  1 r =(10-1)1000=9000  9,000  †iva †kªYx‡Z †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e  Ans.

Type-3: mv›U Gi cÖevn, †iva BZ¨vw` wbY©q msµvšÍ AsK

S G
 M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi cÖevn, I g  I  mv‡›Ui cÖevn I s 
I
GS GS
Question: 50IÕg †iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ KZ †iv‡ai GKwU mv›U hy³ Ki‡j g~j cÖev‡ni 2 % M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii
ga¨ w`‡q hv‡e?
2I Ig 2
Solve: GLv‡b, G  50; Ig   
100 I 100
S Ig S
Ig  .I  
GS I 50  S


2

S
ev, 100  2S  100 S ev, 98S  100  S 
100
 1.02  Ans.
100 50  S 98

Type-4

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
V
 tan  GeO I  V 2  H 2 m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsKt
H
Question: †Kvb¯’v‡b f~-‡PŠ¤^K‡¶‡Îi cÖve‡j¨i Abyf~wgK Dcvsk 31.85 Nwb 1 GeO Dj¤^ Dcvsk 47.77 Nwb 1 n‡j, H
¯’v‡b †PŠ¤^K‡¶‡Îi †gvU cÖvej¨ I webwZi gvb KZ?
V 47.77
Solve: Avgiv Rvwb, tan     1.5  tan 56 018    56o18o
H 31.85
Avevi †gvU cÖvej¨, I  V 2  H 2  (31.85)2  (47.77)2  57.41 Nwb 1 ; ( Ans.)

ZvwoZ‡PŠ¤^Kxq Av‡ek I cwieZ©x cÖevn

Type-1

d
  N  N   LI m~‡Îi e¨envi msµvšÍ AsKt
d
2
Question1: 10 cvKwewkó GKwU mse× Zvi KzÛjxi e¨vmva© 10cm | KzÛjxwU 0.20 sec G 0.20 weber / m †_‡K
0.40 weber / m 2 d¬v· Nb‡Z¡ miv‡bv ni| KzÛjx‡Z Avweó Zwo”PvjK e‡ji gvb wbY©q Ki|
Slove: KzÛjxi †¶Îdj A  r   1 m
2 2 2

cÖ_g Ae¯’v‡b d¬v· 1  AB1    0.12  0.20 Wber wØZxq Ae¯’v‡b d¬v·  2  AB2    0.12  0.40 Weber
†h‡nZz 1   2 †m‡nZz Avweó Zwor PvjK ej FYvZ¥K n‡e|
d¬v‡·i cwieZ©b d   2  1  d    0.1 (0.40  0.20)
2

d  10    0.1  (0.40  0.20) Volt

2

  N   0.314V ( Ans.)
dt 0.20

Question2: 500 cvKwewkó KzÛjx‡Z 1 A¨vw¤úqvi we`y¨r cÖevn Pvjv‡j 104Wb Pz¤^K d¬v· m„wó nq| KyÛjxi Av‡ek ¸YvsK wbY©q
Ki|
 500  10 4 2
Solve: Avgiv Rvwb, n  Li ev, L  n gv‡b mev‡j, L  ev, L  5  10 henry
i 1

Type-2

2
Ep I np N  Ep
UªvÝdigv‡ii †¶‡Î:    s  I p   s  
Es ns I p  Np  Rs
Question1: GKwU UªvÝdigv‡ii gyL¨ myÛjx‡Z 500 cvK Ges †MŠY KzÛjx‡Z 25 cvK Zvi i‡q‡Q|
K) GwU wK ai‡Yi UªvÝwgUvi? L) hw` gyL¨ KzÛjx 240 †fvë †gBbm Gi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv nq Z‡e †MŠb KzÛjxi †fv‡ëR KZ n‡e?
M) hw` gyL¨ KzÛjxi cÖevngvÎv 0.6 A Ges †MŠY KzÛjxi cÖevngvÎv 8 A nq Z‡e Gi Kg©`¶Zv KZ?
Solve: N p  500, N s  25;V p  240V , I p  0.6 A, I s  8 A
K)  N p  N s Kv‡RB GwU GKwU †÷cWvDb UªvÝdg©vi|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

 V p   25   240  12V
Vs N Ns
L)  s  Vs 
Vp N p Np  500 
cÖvß ÿ gZv V I 12  8 2
M) Kg©`ÿZv = s s  100%   100%   100%  66.6%
cÖhy³ ÿ gZv Vp  I p 240  .6 3
Question2: GKwU UªvÝdg©v‡ii cÖvBgvix I †m‡KÛvix Zv‡ii AbycvZ 20 t 1| Gi †m‡KÛvixi mv‡_ 12 Ing jvMvb Av‡Q| hw`
cÖvBgvix‡Z 240 †fvë jvMv‡bv _v‡K Z‡e †mLv‡b cÖevn KZ?
2
N  2
  p =  1   240 = 0.05 Amp
E
Solve: cÖvBgvix‡Z cÖevn I p   s 
 Np  R s  20  12

Type-3
w`K cwieZ©x cÖev‡ni †¶‡Î Mo gvb Ges r.m.s gvb wbY©q msµvšÍ AsKt
 rms  0.707 0  I rms  0.707 I 0  P  I 2 rms R  I av  0.637 I 0
Question1: GKwU mvBb Zi‡½i kxl© gvb 14.14 †fvë| G‡K 5 Ing †iv‡ai `y-cÖv‡šÍ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nj| †iv‡ai `y-cÖv‡šÍi wefe cÖ‡f‡`i
rms gb Ges †iv‡ai k‡a¨ w`‡q we`y¨r cÖev‡ni rms Ges kxl© gvb wbY©q Ki|
V V  0.707 10
Solve: †`Iqv Av‡Q, Vm  14.14 ; R  5 I rms  rms  m   2 A;
R 5 5
I
Avgiv Rvwb, I rms  m  I m  2 I rms  2  2 A  2.828 A
2
Question2: GKwU w`K cwieZ©x cÖev‡ni mgxKiY, I  50 sin 942 t Gi i  kxl©gvb ii  K¤úvsK iii  Mo gvb iv g~j Mo e‡M©i
gvb wbY©q Ki
Solve: I=50 sin 942 t- ‡K I  I 0 sin  t Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvB,
942
i  kxl©gvb, I 0  50 A. ii   2 n  942 rad / sec  n   149.92 Hz.
2
iii I av  0.637 I 0  31.85 A. iv  I r.m.s.  0.707 I 0  35.35 A.

R¨vwgwZK Av‡jvKweÁvb

m~Îmg~n

Ca sin i
1. cÖwZmi‡Yi m~Î t ab  
Cb sin r

2. ‡jÝ cÖ¯‘ZKvi‡Ki m~Î t 1    1 1  1  

or, 1  1    1 1  1 

f  r1 r2  u v  1
r r2 

3. ‡j‡Ýi ¶gZv   1 ‡j‡Ýi ¶gZvi GKK Diopter (Wvqc&Uvi)

f
sin( A  m)
4. wcÖR‡gi ga¨ w`‡q Av‡jvK cÖwZmi‡Yi †¶‡Î- A  r1  r2   i1  i 2  A 
sin A
2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

5. mij Abyex¶Y h‡š¿i †¶‡Î, weea©b m  1  D

f
v D  D f e
6. RwUj ev †hŠwMK AYyex¶Y h‡š¿i weea©b m   1   , h‡š¿i ˆ`N©¨ L  f o 
u f e D f e
wP‡ýi cÖ_v :
 f = + n‡j †jÝ DËj  f  Ñ n‡j †jÝ AeZj  v   n‡j we¤^ ev¯Íe  v  Ñ n‡j we¤^ ev¯Íe

Type-1

A m
sin
sin i C 1 u cÖKZ MfxiZv
   o     2
sin r C m sin  c v Av‡ jvi MfxiZv A
sin
2
Question1: Av‡jvKiwk¥ evqy †_‡K †ebwR‡b 30 o †Kv‡Y AvcwZZ n‡j KZ †Kv‡Y cÖwZm„Z n‡e? †ebwR‡bi cÖwZmiv¼ 1. 5
sin i sin i sin 30 o
Solve :    sin r    0.333  r  sin 1 0.333  19.48o
sin r  1.5
Question2: A¯ÍMvgx m~h© †`L‡Z n‡j GKwU gvQ cvwbi wbP n‡Z †Kvb w`‡K ZvKv‡e? [cvwbi cÖwZmiv¼ 1.33]

Solve : A¯ÍMvgx m~h© †_‡K Av‡jvKiwk¥ cvwbi DcwiZj †N‡l cvwbi wfZi w`‡q cÖwZm„Z n‡q gv‡Qi †Pv‡L †cŠuQv‡e|

 c  48.750  Ans.
1 1
sin  c  
 1.33
Question3: GKwU mgevû wcÖR‡gi cÖwZmiv¼ 2 Ges b~¨bZg wePz¨wZ †KvY KZ?
 A  m   60  m 
sin   sin 
 2   2 
Solve :    2 ,   30o
sin A sin 60
2 2

Type-2

1 b
 b  
a
b a a
Question: evqy mv‡c‡¶ Kuv‡Pi, KuvP mv‡c‡¶ wMømvwi‡bi cÖwZmiv¼ h_vµ‡gi 3 I 8 n‡j wMømvwib mv‡c‡¶ evqyi cÖwZmiv¼ KZ?
2 9
 8 a gl 4 1 1 3
Solve : g  g l  a gl    a  gl   a  gl   
a g gl  a
9 3 3 4 4
2 3
Type-3

Question: GKwU Awfmvivx I GKwU Acmvix †j‡Ýi ¶gZv h_vµ‡g 5D I 3D Zzj¨ †j‡Ýi ¶gZv I †dvKvm `~iZ¡ KZ?
Solve : P  P1  P2  5  (3)  2D f  1  1  0.5m  50 cm
P 2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগেরType-4

পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

1 1 1 1
    P D
v u f f m
 ÎæwUc~Y© †PvL †h `~i‡Z¡ †`L‡Z cvq †m `~i‡Z¡ we¤^ (V) MwVZ n‡e Ges V Gi gvb me mgqB FYvZ¡K wb‡Z n‡e|
Question: GKwU e¨w³ 100 †mw›UwgUvi A‡c¶v Kg `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z †Kvb e¯‘‡K ¯úófv‡e †`L‡Z cvq bv| 25 †mw›UwgUvi `~‡i Aew¯’Z
†Kvb e¯‘ ¯úófv‡e †`Lvi Rb¨ Zv‡K Pkgv wn‡m‡e †h †jÝ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi ¶gZv wbY©q Ki|

1 1 1 1 1 1 3  100
Solve :       f  †mw›UwgUvi = + 1/3 wgUvi|
v u f f  100 25 100 3

 3D  Ans.
1
 P
f m
Type-5

 D
 mij AYyex¶Y h‡š¿i weea©b : m  1  
 f 
v  D  v  v 
 †hŠwMK AYyex¶Y h‡š¿i weea©b, m  0 1    1  1  1  2 
u0  fe   fo  fe 
1 1
 b‡fv `~iex¶Y weea©b (¯úó `k©‡bi b~b¨Zg `~i‡Z¡ †dvKvwms) : m  f 0   
 D fe 
f
 b‡fv `~iex¶‡Y weea©b (Amxg `~i‡Z¡ ev ¯^vfvweK †dvKvwms) : m  0
fe
 b‡fv `~iex¶Y b‡ji ˆ`N©¨ (Amxg `~i‡Z¡ ¯^vfvweK †dvKvwms) : L  f 0  f e
D  fe
 b‡fv `~iex¶Y b‡ji ˆ`N©¨ (Amxg `~i‡Z¡ ¯^vfvweK †dvKvwms) : L  fo 
D  fe

Question: 4 weea©b ¶gZv wewkó GKwU b‡fv `yiex¶Y h‡š¿i †jÝ `ywUi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ 36 cm †jÝ؇qi ‡dvKvm `yiZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
f
Solve : o  4  f o  4 f e
fe
36  f o  f e  36  4 fe  f e  fe  36  7.2cm (Ans.)  f 0  (36  7.2)cm  28.8cm (Ans.)
5

‡j‡Ý cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb I cÖK…wZ wbY©q t

‡jÝ ‡j‡Ýi mv‡c‡ÿ e¯‘i Ae¯’vb cÖwZwe‡¤^i Ae¯’vb cÖwZwe‡¤^i AvK…wZ I e¯‘i mv‡c‡ÿ
AvKvi
DËß Amxg `~iZ¡ (  ) wØZxq cÖavb †dvKvm Z‡j (v  f ) | ev¯Íe, Dëv I AvKv‡i e¯‘i †P‡q
†jÝ AZ¨šÍ †QvU ( m  0) |
2 f A‡cÿv †ewk `~‡i ‡j‡Ýi cðv‡Z f I 2 f `~i‡Z¡i ev¯Íe, Dëv I AvKv‡i e¯‘i †P‡q †QvU
(u  2 f ) | gv‡S (2 f  v  f ) | ( m  1) |

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
2 f `~i‡Z¡ (u  2 f ) ‡j‡Ýi cðv‡Z 2 f `~i‡Z¡ ev¯Íe, Dëv I AvKv‡i e¯‘i mgvb
(v  2 f ) | ( m  1) |
f I 2 f `~i‡Z¡i gv‡S ‡j‡Ýi cðv‡Z 2 f A‡cÿv ‡ewk `~‡i ev¯Íe, Dëv I AvKv‡i eo
(2 f  u  f ) | (v  2 f ) | ( m  1) |
f `~i‡Z¡ (u  f ) Amxg `~i‡Z¡ (  ) ev¯Íe, Dëv I AvKv‡i AZ¨šÍ eo
( m 1) |
Av‡jvK †K›`ª I f `~i‡Z¡i e¯‘i GKB cv‡k^© Ges mvg‡b Aev¯Íe I AvKv‡i eo ( m  1)
gv‡S ( f  u  0) (v  u)
AeZj Av‡jvK †K›`ª I Amxg `~i‡Z¡i e¯‘i GKB cv‡k^© Av‡jvK †K›`ª I Aev¯Íe, wmav I †QvU (m  1)
†jÝ gv‡S (u  0) wØZxq cÖavb †dvKv‡mi gv‡S
( f  u.0)
Amxg `~i‡Z¡ (u  ) wØZxq cÖavb †dvKvm Z‡j e¯‘i GKB Aev¯Íe, wmav I †QvU (m  1)
cv‡k^© (v  f )

‡fŠZ Av‡jvKweÁvb
Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ I gva¨‡gi cÖwZmvi‡¼i g‡a¨ m¤úK© t `ywU gva¨g ÔaÕ I ÔbÕ -G Av‡jvi †eM I Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g va , vb I a , b n‡j,
v a a
a b  
vb b
A_©vr, †h Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Rb¨ cÖwZmvi¼ †ewk n‡e †m Av‡jv‡Ki Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Rb¨ Av‡jvi †eM Kg n‡e|

Av‡jvKel© (Light year):

GK eQ‡i Av‡jvK iwk¥ †h `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K 1 Av‡jvK el© e‡j|
1 Av‡jvK el© = k~b¨ gva¨‡g Av‡jv‡Ki MwZ‡eM  1 eQ‡ii †m‡KÛ msL¨v
 3 108 ms 1  365  24  60  60s  9.46 1015 m  9.46 1012 km .

Av‡jvi MwZ‡e‡Mi wewfbœZv:

gva¨‡gi civ‰e`y¨wZK aªæeK I Av‡jvi †e‡Mi m¤úK© t g¨v·I‡q‡ji Zwo”Pz¤^Kxq ZË¡ Abymv‡i Av‡jvmn mKj ai‡bi Zi½ Pz¤^Kxq Zi‡½i
1
Rb¨ Av‡jvi †eM, c  (k~b¨ gva¨‡gi Rb¨)
 0 0
1
Ges v  (Ab¨ †h †Kvb gva¨‡g)

GLv‡b ,  0 I  0 h_vµ‡g k~b¨ gva¨‡gi ‡f`b‡hvM¨Zv I †PŠ¤^K cÖ‡ek¨Zv Ges  I  nj Ab¨ gva¨‡gi †f`b‡hvM¨Zv I †PŠ¤^K
cÖ‡ek¨Zv|
g¨v·I‡q‡ji Zwor †PŠ¤^Kxq ZË¡ Abymv‡i Zwor I †PŠ¤^K †¶‡Îi we¯Ív‡ii g‡a¨ m¤úK©,
Eo
E o  C o , C  E o  Zwor †¶‡Îi we¯Ívi,  o = †PŠ¤^K †¶‡Îi we¯Ívi , C = Av‡jvi †eM
o

Zi½gyL:Zi½w¯’Z mg`kvm¤úbœ KYv¸‡jv †h Z‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i, Zv‡K m„ó Zi‡½i Zi½gyL e‡j|

nvB‡Mbm-Gi bxwZ

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
wee„wZ t †Kvb GKwU Zi½g‡Li Dci Aew¯’Z cÖwZwU we›`y K¤úb ev Av‡›`vj‡bi GK GKwU Drm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| H †MŠY Drm¸‡jv
†_‡K m„ó Zi½gvjv g~j Zi‡½i mgvb †e‡M mvg‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nq| †h †Kv‡bv mg‡q H me †MŠY Zi½gvjv‡K ¯úk© K‡i GKwU Zj A¼b
Ki‡j H ZjB H mg‡qi Zi½gy‡Li bZzb Ae¯’vb wb‡`©k K‡i|
mym½Z Drm (Coherent source) t GKB Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Av‡jvK Zi½ `ywU Drm n‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ó `kv cv_©‡K¨ wbM©Z n‡j Ges Zv
me©ÿ‡Yi Rb¨ eRvq _vK‡j Zv‡`i‡K mym½Z Drm e‡j|
e¨wZPvi (Interference) t `ywU mymsMZ Drm n‡Z wbtm„Z mgvb K¤úv¼ I we¯Ív‡ii `ywU Av‡jvK Zi½ †Kvb gva¨‡gi †Kvb GKwU we›`yi
ga¨ w`‡q GKB m‡½ Mgb Ki‡j Zi½ `ywUi DcwicvZ‡bi d‡j we›`ywU KLbI Lye D¾¡j I KLbI KLbI AÜKvi †`Lvq| Av‡jv‡Ki G
NUbv‡K e¨wZPvi e‡j|
e¨wZPv‡ii kZ©vewj t
1| Av‡jvK Drm `ywU mymsMZ n‡Z n‡e|
2| Drm `ywU ÿz`ª I m~² n‡Z n‡e|
3| Drm `ywU ci¯ú‡ii Lye wbK‡U n‡Z n‡e|
4| Zi½ `ywUi we¯Ívi mgvb ev cÖvq mgvb n‡Z n‡e
5| ch©vqµwgK D¾¡j I AÜKvi we›`yi Rb¨ c_ cv_©K¨ h_vµ‡g Aa©Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i hyM¥ I AhyM¥ ¸wYZK n‡Z n‡e|
Dc‡ii kZ©mg~n cvwjZ n‡j e¨wZPvi cvIqv hv‡e|
Av‡jv‡Ki e¨wZPv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Bqs Gi cixÿv
D
‡Wvivi we¯Ívi cÖ¯’ t x 
2a
D
cvkvcvwk `ywU AÜKvi/D¾¡j †Wvivi e¨eavb,  x 
a
GKK †iLvwQ`ª ev wP‡oi Rb¨ AceZ©b:
D¾¡j we›`yi Rb¨ t a sin   (2n  1) / 2
AÜKvi we›`yi Rb¨ t a sin   n
AceZ©b †MÖwUs:
‡MÖwUs aªæeK (Grating constant) t †h †Kvb GKwU wP‡oi ïiæ †_‡K cieZ©x wP‡oi ïiæ ch©šÍ `~iZ¡‡K †MÖwUs aªæeK ejv nq|
GKwU †MÖwUs-Gi cÖwZwU wP‡oi ‡ea = a
Ges cÖwZwU †iLvi †ea = b
1 1 1
GKK ˆ`‡N©¨ †iLvi msL¨v, N  N  
d d ab
‡MÖwUs-Gi mvnv‡h¨ GK iOv Av‡jv‡Ki Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q- (a  b) sin  n  n
1 sin  n
sin  n  n 
N N .n
Av‡jv‡Ki mgeZ©b:msÁv t †h cÖwµqvq wewfbœ Z‡j K¤úgvb Av‡jvK Zi½‡K GKwU wbw`©ó Zj eivei K¤úbÿg Kiv hvq Zv‡K Av‡jv‡Ki
mgeZ©b ev †cvjvivqb e‡j| Aby‰`N©¨/kã Zi‡½i mgeZ©b nq bv|
1 1 1
N  (a  b) sin  n  n sin  n  n
d ab N

Kvb AceZ©b †MÖwUs-G cÖwZ †mw›UwgUv‡i 4200 †iLv i‡q‡Q| Gi Dci †mvwWqvm Av‡jvi mgvšÍivj iwk¥¸”Q Awfj¤^fv‡e AvcwZZ n‡j
eY©vjx †iLvi wØZxq µg 30 AceZ©b †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| †mvwWqvm Av‡jvi Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
Avgiv Rvwb, (a  b) sin  n  n
1
ev, sin  n  n
N
sin  n sin 30
ev,    6
 1.05 105 m
Nn 2.38 10  2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগেরType-02

পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

v a a
b  
vb b
a

 evZv‡m †mvwWqvg Av‡jvi Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ 5.89 107 m | †h Kuv‡Pi cÖwZmvi¼ 1.52 Zv‡Z Av‡jvi Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
evqy‡Z Av‡jvi
Avgiv Rvwb, a  g 
†eM
Ku v‡P H Av‡jvi
†eM
evqy‡Z Av‡jvi Zi½ ˆ`N©¨

Kuv‡P H Av‡jvi Zi½ ‰`N©¨
a

g
5.89  107 5.89  10 7
1.52  ev, g   3.875  10 7 m
g 1.52
 evqy mv‡c‡ÿ Kuv‡Pi cÖwZmvi¼ 1.5| evqy‡Z Av‡jvK eQi 9.4 1012 kmn‡j Kuv‡P GK Av‡jvK eQi KZ?

g‡b Kwi, Kuv‡P Av‡jvK eQi  S g

Avgiv cvB, a  g  evqy‡Z GK Av‡jvK eQi
Kuv‡P GK Av‡jvK eQi

Sa
 ..... ...... (1)
Sg
mgxKiY (1) n‡Z cvB,
9.4  1012
1.5 
Sg
GLv‡b, a  g  1.5
9.4  1012
evqy‡Z GK Av‡jvK eQi, S a  9.4  1012 km S g   6.266  1012 km
1.5

AvaywbK c`v_©weÁv‡bi m~Pbv

Type-1

v2
i  L  L0 1 [ˆ`N©¨ ms‡KvPb ] ii  t
to
[Kvj `xN©vqb] iii  m
m0
[fi ms‡KvPb ]
c2 v2 v2
1 2 1 2
c c

Question 1: 15cm ‰`‡N©¨i GKwU `Û Gi †e‡Mi Rb¨ msKzwPZ nq †Kvb ch©‡eÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q 9 cm e‡j g‡b nj| ch©‡eÿ‡Ki Zzjbvq
`‡Ûi †eM KZ?
Solve: GLv‡b, L  9 cm Lo  15 cm c  3  108 m / s

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
2
v2 L v2 v2  L  v2 L2 92
Avgiv Rvwb, L  Lo 1 2   1 2  1  2      1   1 
c Lo c c  Lo  c2 L20 152


v 2 152  9 2
c2

152
 v 2  0.64  c 2 
 v 2  0.64  3 108 2
= 5.76  1016  v  2.4 108 ms 1 Ans.

Question 2: GKRb gnvk~Y¨Pvix 30 eQi eq‡m 2.4 10 s m / s †e‡M MwZkxj gnvk~b¨hv‡b P‡o Qvqvc_ AbymÜv‡b †M‡jb Ges 50 eQi
ci (c„w_exi cwÂKv wn‡m‡e) wd‡i G‡jb| gnvk~b¨Pvixi eqm ZLb KZ n‡e?
Solve: GLv‡b, t  50 y c  3  108 m / s v  2.4  108 m / s

Avgiv Rvwb, t 
to v2
 to  t 1  2 = 50  1
2.4  10 8 2
= 50  0.36  30 y  to  30 y
1 2
v2 c 3  10 
8 2

c
 gnvk~b¨Pvixi eqm = [30  30] y = 60 y Ans.
Question 3: w¯’i Ae¯’vq GKwU e¯‘Kbvi fi 10 24 kg KYvwU 1.8  108 ms 1 †e‡M MwZkxj _vK‡j H Ae¯’vq Gi fi KZ n‡e?

Solve: m 
mo
 10 24 = 10 24  10 24  1.25  10 24 kg
1 
c
 2
1   1.8  108 
8
2
1  0.36 0.8
 3 10 

Type-
2
 E  mc 2 (fi I kw³i g‡a¨ m¤úK© ) 1 a.m.u = 1.6057 10-27 kg
1 eV = 1.610-19 j
C
 Shortcut: GKwU e¯‘i Pjgvb fi e¯‘wUi wbðj f‡ii n ¸b n‡Z n‡j Gi `ªæwZ n‡Z n‡e,   n2 1
n
3
Question 1: . †Kvb e¯Íyi fi 8.36 10 kg cy‡ivUvB kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nj| wK cwigvY kw³ Drcbœ nj?
Solve: Avgiv Rvwb, E  mc 2 = 8.36  103  3 108  
2
 E  75.24 1013 j
Question 2: evqy k~b¨ ¯’v‡b Av‡jvi `ªæwZ Ô C ÕGKwU e¯‘i Pjgvb fi e¯‘wUi wbðj f‡ii wظb n‡Z n‡j Gi `ªæwZ n‡Z n‡e-
C C 2 3
Solve:   n2 1 = 2 1  C
n 2 2

Type-3

Question: 4  107 m Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i GK †Kvqv›Uvg Av‡jvi kw³ B‡jKUªb †fvë cÖKvk Ki| [h  6.63  1034 Js ]

hc 6.63 1034 Js  3 108 ms 1 4.97  10 19

Solve : Avgiv Rvwb, E  h    4.97  1019
J  eV
 4 10 7 m 1.6  10 19
 3.1eV  Ans.

Type-4

Question:KZ Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Av‡jvK 6.31eV Kvh© A‡c¶‡Ki cøvwUbv‡gi Dci AvcwZZ B‡jKUªb wbtm„Z n‡e? [h  6.63  1034 Js ]

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
c
Solve: Kvh©A‡c¶K W0  hf 0  h 
0
34 1
hc 6.63  10 Js  3  10 ms
8
 0    1967  1010 m  1967 A0  Ans.
W0 6.31  1.6  10 19 J

Type-5
Question: 7.5  1014 Hz K¤úv‡¼i wewKiY †KvYI avZe c„‡ô AvcwZZ n‡j m‡e©v”P 1.6 1019 J kw³ m¤úbœ B‡jKUªb wbtm„Z nq|
avZzc„ô n‡Z B‡jKUªb wbtmi‡Yi Rb¨ me©wbgœ KZ K¤úv‡¼i wewKiY cÖ‡qvRb nq ?
1
Solve : mv 2 max  hf  E 0
2
1
 E 0  hf  mv 2 max  6.62 1034  7.5 1014 1.6 1019  E 0  3.365  10 19 J
2
E 3.365  10 19
Avevi, E 0  hf 0  f 0  0  34
Hz  f 0  5.083  1014 Hz  Ans.
h 6.62  10

cigvYyi g‡Wj Ges wbDwK¬qvi c`v_© weÁvb

Type-
1
cigvYyi g‡Wj Ges wbDwK¬qvi c`v_© weÁvb

‡ev‡ii g‡Wj Abymv‡i nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi e¨vmva© I kw³i ivwkgvjv:

n 2 h 2 0
rn 
me 2
r1  0.53  1010 m
r1  0.53 A
rn  n 2 r1
me 4
En  
8n 2 h 2 0
2

1
En  2 E1
n
E1  13.6 eV
E1 ‡K ejv nq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi f‚wg Ae¯’vi kw³|

wbDwK¬qvm msµvšÍ KwZcq ivwk

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
AvB‡mv‡Uvc (Isotopr) : ‡h me wbDK¬vB‡Wi †cÖvUb msL¨v(Z)mgvb, wKš‘ fi msL¨v (A) wfbœ Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq AvB‡mv‡Uvc| †hgb-
13 12
C Ges C G‡`i †cÖvUb msL¨v mgvb, wKš‘ fi msL¨v Amgvb| wKQz wKQz AvB‡mv‡Uvc †ZRw¯Œq KYv Ges iwk¥ wbM©gb K‡i| G‡`i‡K
6 6
32 14
ejv nq †ZRw¯Œq AvB‡mv‡Uvc ev †iwWI AvB‡mv‡Uvc| P I C ‡ZRw¯Œq AvB‡mv‡Uvc-Gi D`vniY|
15 6
AvB‡mv‡Uvb (Isotone) : ‡h me wbDK¬vB‡Wi wbDUªb msL¨v (N) mgvb Zv‡`i ejv nq AvB‡mv‡Uvb|
40 39
Ca Ges K AvB‡mv‡Uv‡bi D`vniY|
20 19
AvB‡mvevi (Isobar) : ‡h me wbDK¬vB‡Wi fi msL¨v (A) mgvb Zv‡`i ejv nq AvB‡mvevi|
13 13 40 40
†hgb- N Ges C A_ev Ar Ges Ca .
7 6 18 20
AvB‡mvgvi (Isomer) :GKB cÖRvwZi `ywU wbDwK¬qvm hw` `ywU wfbœ kw³ Ae¯’vq _v‡K Ges Kgc‡ÿ Zv‡`i GKwU hw` ÿY¯’vqx nq, Zvn‡j
Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq AvB‡mvgvi|

‡ZRw¯ŒqZv (Radioactivity)

‡ZRw¯Œq †gŠj †_‡K ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e †ZRw¯Œq iwk¥ wbM©g‡bi NUbv‡K ejv nq †ZRw¯ŒqZv|
GKK t †ZRw¯ŒqZvi Gm AvB GKK †e‡K‡i‡j (Bq) cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û GKwU †ZRw¯Œq fv½b ev ÿq‡K GK †e‡i‡K‡j e‡j|
1 Bq  1 decay s 1  3.7  1010 Bq
‡ZRw¯ŒqZvi ˆewkó¨ t
1. †ZRw¯Œq c`v_© mvaviYZ Avjdv I weUv- G `yB cÖKv‡ii †ZRw¯Œq KYv Ges Mvgv iwk¥ wbtmiY K‡i|
2. †ZRw¯ŒqZv GKwU m¤ú~Y© wbDwK¬qvi NUbv Ges Gi gva¨‡g wbDwK¬qv‡mi fvO‡bi d‡j GKwU †gŠj Avi GKwU bZzb †gŠ‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
3. †ZRw¯Œqv GKwU ¯^Ztù‚Z© I D‡Ïk¨wenxb NUbv Ges Pvc, Zvc, we`y¨Z ev †P¨¤^K‡ÿ‡Îi b¨vq evB‡ii †Kv‡bv cÖwµqv Øviv cÖfvweZ nq bv|

Avjdv I weUv KYv Ges Mvgv iwk¥i ag©

Avjdv KYvi ag© :

1. Avjdv KYvi abvZ¥K Avavbhy³| Gi Avavb 3.2  1019 C
2. G KYv †PŠ¤^K I Zwor‡ÿÎ Øviv wePz¨Z nq|
3. Gi fi †ewk nIqvq †f`b ÿgZv Kg|
4. GwU GKwU wnwjqvg wbDwK¬qvm|
weUv KYvi ag©:
1. G KYv FYvZ¥K Avavbhy³| Gi Avavb 1.6 1019 C
2. G KYv †PŠ¤^K I Zwor‡ÿÎ Øviv wewÿß nq|
3. G KYv AwZ D”P `ªæwZ m¤úbœ B‡jKUª‡bi cÖevn| Gi fi B‡jKUª‡bi mgvb A_©vr 9.1  1031 Kg .
4. Gi ‡f`b ÿgZv Avjdv KYvi †P‡q †ewk Ges GwU 1cm cyiæ A¨vjywgwbqvg cvZ †f` Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Mvgv iwk¥i ag© :
1. G iwk¥ Avavb wbi‡cÿ|
2. G iwk¥ Zwor I †PŠ¤^K‡ÿÎ Øviv wePz¨Z nq bv|
3. Gi †eM Av‡jvi †e‡Mi mgvb A_©vr 3 108 ms 1 |
4. Avjdv I weUv KYvi †P‡q G iwk¥i †f`b ÿgZv Lye †ewk| GwU K‡qK †mw›UwgUvi cyiæ mxmvi cvZ †f` K‡i †h‡Z cv‡i|
5. Gi †Kv‡bv fi †bB|
6. GwU Zwor‡PŠ¤^K Zi½|
7. Gi Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ ÿz`ª, ZvB kw³ Lye †ewk|
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

‡ZRw¯Œq ÿq t
m~Î: †ZRw¯Œq cigvYyi fv½‡bi nvi H mg‡q Dcw¯’Z AÿZ cigvYyi msL¨vi mgvbycvwZK|
dN
  N
dt
 N  N 0 e  t

Aa© Rxeb (Half life):‡h mg‡q †Kv‡bv †ZRw¯Œq c`v‡_©i †gvU cigvYyi wVK A‡a©K cwigvY †f‡O hvq, Zv‡K H c`v‡_©i Aa© Rxeb ev Aa©vqy
0.693
e‡j| T1 / 2 

Mo Rxeb (Average life):‡Kv‡bv †ZRw¯Œq e¯‘L‡Ûi me¸‡jA cigvYyi RxebKv‡ji †hvMdj‡K Gi cigvYyi cÖviw¤¢K msL¨v w`‡q fvM
K‡i †h RxebKvj cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Mo Rxeb e‡j|
1
Mo Rxeb   T1/ 2  0.693 


fi ÎæwU (Mass Defect):‡Kv‡bv ¯’vqx wbDwK¬qv‡mi fi Gi MVbKvix Dcv`vbmg~‡ni gy³ve¯’vq f‡ii †hvMd‡ji †P‡q wKQzUv Kg n‡Z
†`Lv hv¨q& f‡ii GB cv_©K¨‡K fi ev ÎæwU e‡j|
aiv hvK, GKUv wbDwK¬qv‡mi cÖK…Z fi ev wbDwK¬q fi  M nuc
‡cÖvUb msL¨v = Z
wbDUªb msL¨v = N
GKUv †cÖvU‡bi fi = m p
GKUv wbDUª‡bi fi = mn
fiÎæwU, m  ( Zmn )  mnuc

m~Îmg~n
nh
1. ‡ev‡ii ¯^xKvh© Abyhvqx B‡j±ª‡bi †KŠwYK fi‡eM L 
2
2. nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi cigvYyi n-Zg K‡¶i
rn  n 2 r1 r1  0.53 A
1
En  E1 E1  13.6 eV
n2
dN
3. ‡ZRw¯Œq ¶‡qi m~Î,   N N  No e
dt
0.693
4. Aa©vqy, T1 / 2  Mo Avqy,   1 T1/ 2  0.693 
 

Type 1

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
1
rn  n 2 r1 r1  0.53 A En 
E1 E1  13.6 eV
n2
Question 1: nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi †evi K‡ÿi †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v †ei Ki hvi e¨vmva© 0.0100 m | GB Ae¯’vq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvY~i kw³
0
KZ? cÖ_g †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva© 0.53 A Ges f‚wgi Ae¯’vi kw³  13.6 eV |
Avgiv Rvwb,
rn  n 2 r1 GLv‡b,
rn 0.01  10 3 m 0
n   cÖ_g †evi K‡ÿi e¨vmva©, r1  0.53 A  0.53  10 10 m
r1 0.53  10 10 m
n  434 n Zg K‡ÿi e¨vmva©, rn  0.0100 mm  0.01  10 3 m
Avevi, ‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v, n  ?
E  13.6 eV
En  21  2
 7.22  10 5 eV f‚wg Ae¯’vi kw³, E1  13.6 eV
n (434)
DËi t 434,7.22  10 5 eV n Zg Ae¯’vi kw³, En  ?

Type-2

0.693 1 T1
 †ZRw¯Œq ÿq m~Î: N  N0et  Aa©vqy T1 / 2   Mo Avq t   2
y
  0.693
Shortcut: ln x%  t
1 T
 †Kvb wbw`©ó mgq ci hw` †Kvb e¯‘i n
Ask Aewkó _v‡K Z‡e, Aa©vqy =
2 n
Question1: GKUzK‡iv ‡ZRw¯Œq c`v‡_© Avw`‡Z 8.0 10 cigvYy Av‡Q| Aav©qy 2 w`b n‡j 16 w`b c‡i cigvYyi msL¨v n‡e-
22

Solve : †gvU Aav©qyi msL¨v, n  16  8

2
Avw`‡ Z cigvYy 8  10 22
 16 w`b ci cigvYyi msL¨v = 8
 8
= 3.125 1020
2 2
Question1:.‡iW‡bi Aa©vqy 3.80 w`b| KZ w`b ci †iW‡bi g~j As‡ki 1 Ask c‡i _vK‡e|
25
0.693
Solve : T1 / 2  ev,   0.693 ev,   0.182368
 3.80
1
 ln  t ev,  3.2188758  0.182368 t ev, t  17.65 w`b
25
Shortcut: ln x%  t

‡mwgKbWv±i I B‡j±ªwb·

Type-
1
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
I C I C I
 wbtmviK cÖevn, I E  I B  IC  cÖevn weea©b ¸YK,  =   cÖevn jvf,  = C
I E I E I B
Question1: GKwU UªvbwR÷‡i   0.98 Ges I E  15mA n‡j I C Ges I E †ei Ki&
I
Solve : Avgiv Rvwb, = C  0.98 = C  I C  0.98  1.5  1.470mA  Ans.
I
IE 1 .5
Avevi, I E  IC  I B  I B  I E  I C  1.5  1.47 = 0.03mA  30A  Ans

Question2: GKwU Kgb -†em UªvbwR÷i web¨v‡m GwgUvi cÖevn 1.25 mA Ges Kv‡j±i cÖevn 810-4A n‡j †em cÖevn n‡e|
Solve : GLv‡b , I E  1.25 mA = 12.5 104 A I C  8  104 A
Avgiv Rvwb, I E  I B  I C  I B  I E  IC = 12.5  14  8  104 = 4.5  104 A
K ZË¡ I †R¨vwZ
c`v_©we`¨v
Important Questions for Practice

Solve Yourselves
     
1. a Gi gvb KZ n‡j, A  a i  2 j  k Ges B  2a i  aj  4 k †f±iØq ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e? DËi: a  2 A_ev -1
     
2. P  a i  j  k Ges Q  2 i  2 j  2 k ; a -Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ †f±iØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj n‡e? DËi: a  1
3. GKwU †bŠKv †mªv‡Zi AbyK~‡j NÈvq 21 wK‡jvwgUvi Ges cÖwZK~‡j NÈvq 7 wK‡jvwgUvi †e‡M P‡j| †bŠKvwU †Kvb w`‡K Pvjbv Ki‡j
†mvRv Aci cv‡o †cŠuQ‡e? †bŠKvwUi KZ †e‡M Pj‡e| (Dt 120 0 ,12.12 wK‡jvwgUvi/NÈv)
4. `ywU w`K ivwki e„nËi jwä 7 GKK ¶`ªZi jwä 1GKK| Giv ci¯úi 90 0 †Kv‡b GKwU KYvi Dci wµqv Ki‡Q& jwäi gvb wbY©q
Ki| (Dt 5 GKK)

5. `ywU mggv‡bi †f±i GKwU we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj| G‡`i jwäi gvb †h †Kvb GKwU †f±‡ii gv‡bi mgvb| †f±i؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ?
K)180 L)0 M)120 N)90
6. mylg Z¡iY m¤úbœ GKwU Mvox 2q †m‡K‡Û 10 m I 3q †m‡K‡Û 20 m `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡i MvwowUi Z¡iY KZ?
K) 8 m/s2 L) 10 m/s2 M)15 m/s2 N)none of the above
7. 490 Dc‡i mg‡e‡M Pj‡Z _vKv GKwU wegvb †_‡K †evgv †d‡i †`qv n‡j Zv Avbyf~wgK 1500 m `~‡i cwZZ nq| wegv‡bi
AvbygvwbK †eM KZ ?
K) 490 ms-1 L) 300 ms-1 M)245 ms-1 N)150 ms-1
8. GKwU Mvox mij‰iwLK c‡_ w¯’i Ae¯’v †_‡K 2 ms 2 Z¡i‡Y 5 s Pjj, Gici mg‡e‡M 10 s P‡j Zvici mgg›`‡b 3s Pjvi ci
Zvi MwZ‡eM nj 7 ms 1 | D³ g›`‡bi gvb KZ wQj?
K) 0.3 ms-2 L) 1 ms-2 M)3 ms-2 N)5 ms-2
9. GKwU wegvb N›Uvq 360 km-1 †e‡M gvwU ¯úk© K‡i 1km `~iZ¡ AwZµgv‡šÍ †_‡K hvq| g›`b KZ? DËi t 5ms-2
10. 40 kg Ges 60 kg f‡ii `ywU e¯‘ ci¯úi wecixZ w`K n‡Z h_vµ‡g 10ms-1 Ges 5ms-1 †e‡M hvIqvi mgq G‡K Aci‡K av°v
†`q| av°vi ci e¯‘ `ywU GK‡Î hy³ †_‡K KZ †e‡M Pj‡e [ Ans: 1 ms-1 ]
11. 400 N f‡ii GKwU †gvUi Mvwo wgwb‡U 30 km †e‡M P‡j| †eªK †P‡c G‡K 100 m `yi‡Z¡ _vwg‡q †`qv nj| hw` gvwUi Nl©Y RwbZ
ej 1000 N nq, Z‡e †eªK RwbZ e‡ji gvb KZ? [ Ans: 49×10³ N ]
12. GKwU ivB‡d‡ji ¸wj GKwU Z³v‡K †f` K‡i †_‡g hvq| ey‡j‡Ui MwZ hw` wZb¸Y Kiv nq Z‡e ey‡jUwU KqwU Z³v †f`
Ki‡Z cvi‡e? A) 12 B) 3 C) 8 D) 9
13. 10 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ 4m ˆ`‡N©i GKwU bMb¨ f‡ii m~Zvi GKcÖv‡šÍ †e‡a Aci cÖv‡šÍi Pviw`‡K Nyiv‡bv n‡j e¯‘wUi RoZvi åvgK
KZ n‡e? [ Ans: 160 kg m² ]

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
14. 0.2kg f‡ii GKwU cv_i‡K 0.6m j¤^v GKwU m~Zvi mvnv‡h¨ †e‡a Aci cÖv‡šÍi Pviw`‡K Abyf~wgK e„ËvKvi c‡_ cÖwZ wgwb‡U 150 evi
Nyiv‡bv nj| m~Zvi Uvb KZ ? [ Ans: 29.6N ]
-2
15. GKwU wjdU 2.2 ms Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DV‡Q| wjd‡Ui g‡a¨ `vov‡bv 50kg f‡ii GKRb e¨w³ KZ ej Abyfe Ki‡eb
[Ans: 600N ]
16. GKRb †jvK GKwU 10kg fi‡K 20sec – G10m Dc‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i Ges AciRb 20kg fi‡K 10sec–G 20m Dc‡i Zzj‡Z
1
cv‡i| 1g R‡bi mv‡c‡ÿ 2q R‡bi KvR Kivi AbycvZ KZ? Ans:
8
17. GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn c„w_exi Pviw`‡K f~-c„ô n‡Z 900km Dc‡i †_‡K e„ËvKvi c‡_ Nyi‡Q| c„w_exi e¨vmva© 6400km Ges f~-c„‡ô
ga¨vKl©Y RwbZ Z¡iY 9.81ms-2 n‡j DcMÖnwUi †eM KZ?
K) 20.75Kms-1 L) 10.kms-1 M) 7.42kms-1 N) 19.65kms-1
18. m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K NyY©vqgvb c„w_ex I g½iMÖ‡ni K¶c‡_i Mo e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ 3:4 c„w_ex‡Z 365 w`‡b 1 eQi n‡j g½i MÖ‡n KZ w`‡b
1 eQi n‡e? [Ans: 561.9 w`b]
19. c„w_ex c„‡ô GKRb †jv‡Ki IRb 81 wK‡jvMÖvg IRb n‡j P›`ª c„‡ô Zvi IRb KZ n‡e? (c„w_exi fi I e¨vmva© Pvu‡`i fi I e¨vmv‡a©i
h_vµ‡g 81 I 4 ¸Y| [Ans: 16 wK‡jvMÖg]
20. c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z KZ D”PZvq AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb c„w_exi Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi kZKiv Pwjøk fvM n‡e? [c„w_exi e¨vmva© R=6.38106m]
[Ans: 1.9106m]
21. GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki P›`ª c„‡ô †`vjbKvj KZ? †`qv Av‡Q, c„w_exi fi Pvu‡`i f‡ii 81 ¸Y Ges e¨vmva© Pvu‡`i 4 ¸Y|
(Ans4.5Sec.)
22. GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ 225% evov‡bv n‡j Zvi †`vjbKvj KZ n‡e? [Ans: 3s]
23. ‡Kvb w¯cÖs Gi GK cÖv‡šÍ m f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ Szjv‡j GwU 10cm cÖmvwiZ nq| e¯‘wU‡K GKUz †U‡b †Q‡o w`‡j Gi ch©vqKvj KZ n‡e?
[Ans: 0.63s]
24. GKwU w¯cÖs G 5kg fi Szjv‡bv nj| G‡Z ˆ`N©¨ 2cm e„w× †cj| w¯cÖs aªæe‡Ki gvb n‡”Q-
K) 24.5N/M L) 245N/M M) 250N/M N) 2450N/M (Ans: ÔNÕ)
-4
25. 1m `xN© I 2.510 e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU B¯úv‡Zi Zv‡i 40N ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j GwU e„w× †c‡q 1.01m nq| Zv‡ii Bqs G ¸bvsK
wbY©q Ki| [Ans: 2.041010Nm-2]
26. GKwU wcZ‡ji Zv‡ii e¨vm 1mm| ZviwUi Avw` ˆ`‡N©¨i kZKiv 0.1 fvM e„w× Ki‡Z KZ ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| (wcZ‡ji
Y=91010Nm-2) [Ans: 7.85N]
27. GKwU †KŠwkK bj cvwb‡Z AvswkK †Wvev‡bv| Gi A‡a©K e¨vmv‡a©i Avi GKwU †KŠwkK bj cvwb‡Z AvswkK †Wvev‡bv n‡j Zvi ga¨Kvi
cvwbi ¯Í‡¤¢i D”PZv cÖ_gwUi ga¨Kvi cvwbi ¯Í‡¤¢i D”PZvi Zzjbvq KZ n‡e?
A) GK PZz_©vsk B) A‡a©K C)wظY D)Pvi¸Y
28. 1 †gvj H 2 I 1 †gvj O2 -Gi fi h_vµ‡g 2 g Ges 32 g n‡j †Kvb GK wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq AbycvZ,
H 2 AYyi gj Mo eM‡ eM
Gi gvb n‡eÑ
O2 AYyi gj Mo eM‡ eM
1 1
A) B) C) 4 D)8
8 4
29. GKwU cv‡Î 270 C ZvcgvÎvq wnwjqvg M¨vm Av‡Q| wnwjqvg AYyi MwZkw³ wbY©q Ki| [wnwjqvg AYyi fi, 6.68 1027 kg ].
 6.21 1021 J  Ans.
30. †Kvb n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvi mgq evZv‡mi ey` ey` AvqZ‡b wظY nq| evqygÛ‡ji Pvc 105 Nm 2 n‡j n«‡`i
MfxiZv KZ? [ Ans. 10.2 m ]
31. GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi mvaviY evqy Pv‡ci MwjZ ei‡d 50 C Ges ﮋ ev‡®ú 990 C cvV †`q| _v‡g©vwgUviwU 520 C cvV w`‡j
dv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡j KZ cvV cvIqv hv‡e?
32. †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq dv‡ibnvBU I †Kjwfb †¯‹‡j GKB cvV cvIqv hvq?
33. †Kvb ZvcgvÎv †mjwmqvm I dv‡ibnvBU Dfq †¯‹‡j GKB msL¨v w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv hvq?

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

34. GK evqygÛjxq Pv‡c GKwU Av`k© M¨vm‡K DËß K‡i 0.01 m3 AvqZb e„w× Kiv nj| G‡Z m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY-
Ans:1 10 3 J
35. †Kvb wm‡óg 1500J Zvc †kvlY K‡i Ges 82J KvR m¤úv`b K‡i| wm‡ó‡gi AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b n‡e- Ans:1418
36. - 20o C ZvcgvÎvi ei‡di mv‡_ 30 o C ZvcgvÎvi 0.02kg cvwb †gkv‡bv n‡j wgkª‡bi ZvcgvÎv t oC KZ n‡e?
37. -10 o C DòZvq 10g eid‡K ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡Z wK cwigvb Zvc jvM‡e?

38. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 3000 C I 1000 C Ges Av‡iKwU BwÂb 5000 C I 3000 C Gi g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Q| cÖ_gwUi Zzjbvq wØZxqwUi
`¶ZvÑ Ans: 75%
39. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb cvwbi wngv¼ I ùzUbv‡¼i g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ Av‡Q| `¶Zv KZ? Ans:26.8%
40. 1000 C ZvcgvÎvi 1 kg cvwb‡K 1000 C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ n‡Z GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ nq wbY©q Ki? cvwbi ev®úxfe‡bi
Av‡cw¶K myßZvc = 2.26 106 JK 1 | [ Ans. 6050 JK 1 ]
41. P I Q `ywU gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM h_vµ‡g 300ms 1 Ges 350ms 1 | gva¨g `ywU‡Z k‡ãi Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i cv_©K¨  0.1m n‡j myi
kjvKvi 50 K¤ú‡b kã Q gva¨‡g KZ `~‡i hv‡e? Ans:35m
42. GKwU AMÖMvgx Zi‡½i mgxKiY, y  0.1sin 2 340t  x  Gi Zi‡½i we¯Ívi, Zi½ ˆ`N©¨, Zi½ †e M, K¤úvsK I ch©vqKvj
wbY©q Ki|
43. GKwU mij ¯ú›`K GKwU AMfxi cyKz‡i R‡ji Zi½ m„wó K‡i‡Q| Zi½ mg~n 1.5 s mg‡q 33cm `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡j I ci ci
Zi½ P~ovi `~iZ¡ 4.0cm n‡j ¯ú›`‡Ki wd«Kz‡qÝx KZ? Ans:5.5 Hz
44. `ywU Zi‡½i cÖwZwUi Zi½‰`N©¨ 12 cm . hw` GKwU †_‡K AciwU 14 cm AMÖMvgx nq Z‡e Zv‡`i g‡a¨ `kv cv_©K¨Ñ
   
A) B) C) D)
3 4 5 6
45. `ywU wUDwbs d‡K©i K¤úvsK h_vµ‡g 480 Hz Ges 320 Hz . GB wUDwbs dK© `ywU †h Zi½ Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡`i Zi½ ˆ`‡N©i cv_©K¨
2cm n‡j k‡ãi †eM KZ?
46. A myi kjvKvi K¤úv¼ 320Hz | A I B myi kjvKviØq‡K GKmv‡_ evRv‡j cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 4 wU exU †kvbv hvq| A †K wKQy N‡l
A I B †K cybivq GK mv‡_ evRv‡j cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 5 wU exU †kvbv hvq| B myi kjvKvi K¤úv¼ wbY©q Ki|
47. 1.00 wgUvi evûwe‡kó †Kvb eM©‡¶‡Îi †Kvb eM©‡¶‡Îi PviwU ‡KŠwYK we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g q1  1  10 8 Kzj¤^ q 2  2  108
Kzj¤^, q 3  3  10 8 Kzj¤^ q 4  2  108 Kzj¤^ Avavb iwnqv‡Q| eM©‡¶‡Îi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z wefe KZ nB‡e wbY©q Ki|
48. `ywU abvZ¥K we›`yPvR© q1 I q 2 , d `~i‡Z¡ Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q, q1 / q 2  16 n‡j, q1 †_‡K KZ `~i‡Z¡ Zwor †¶Î cÖve‡j¨i gvb k~b¨ n‡e?
4
ans : d
5
49. 9 †iv‡ai GKwU Zvgvi Zvi‡K AvqZb AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L wZb¸Y j¤^v Kiv n‡jv| GB Ae¯’vq ZviwUi †iva KZ? Ans: 81
50. 5mm  7 mm cÖ¯’‡”Q` wewkó Ges 15mm `xN© GKwU `‡Ûi Av‡cw¶K †iva n‡”Q 0.105 - m. e¯‘wU‡K †K‡U Gi cÖ¯’‡Q`
3mm  2mm Ki‡j Ges ˆ`N¨© 10 mm Ki‡j Zvi Av‡cw¶K †iva n‡e:
(a ) 0.012 - m (b) 0.053  m (c) 0.105  m (d) 0.918  m
51. GKwU 60 W ‰e`y¨wZK evwZ‡K 220V Zwor mieivn Dr†mi m‡½ mshy³ Kiv nj| H evwZ‡Z wK cwigvY Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e?
Ans: 0.2727 A
52. †Kvb ˆe`y¨wZK mieivn jvB 230V  5 A mieivn K‡i| GB mieivn jvB‡b KZ¸wj 100W  Gi ˆe`y¨wZK evwZ mgvšÍivj
ms‡hv‡M R¡vjvb hv‡e? ans: 11
53. 220 V, 40 W Ges 100V, 40W ‡jLv `ywU B‡jKwUªK ev‡j¦i †iv‡ai AbycvZ-?
54. GKwU nBU‡÷vb we‡Rªi 1g, 2q, 3q I 4_© evû‡Z h_vµ‡g 6, 3, 4, I 6 In‡gi PviwU †iva Av‡Q| 4_© evûi mv‡_ KZ †iva mgvšÍiv‡j
e¨envi Ki‡j weªRwU mvg¨e¯’vq _vK‡e? (a ) 3 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 3.5

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
55. GKwU A¨vwgUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY †iva 2 Ges GwU m‡e©v”P 0.2 A ch©šÍ gvc‡Z cv‡i| Gi mvnv‡h¨ 2 A ch©šÍ gvc‡Z n‡j mv‡›U
KZ †iva jvMv‡Z n‡e? Ans: 0.22
56. 100 †iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi 10mA Zwor wbivc‡` MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| 10 A Zwor cÖevn gvcvi Rb¨ KZ †iv‡ai GKwU
mv‡›Ui `iKvi?
57. 20 ‡iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ KZ †iv‡ai GKwU mv›U hy³ Ki‡j †gvU Zwor cÖevngvÎvi 1% M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii
wfZi wM‡q hv‡e? ans: 0.20
58. GKwU A¨vwgUv‡ii Af¨šÍixY †iva 0.9 Ges GwU m‡e©v”P 5 A ch©š— cÖevn gvc‡Z cv‡i| Gi mvnv‡h¨ 50 A cÖevn gvc‡Z n‡i
wK e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e ?

 0.1  Ans.
0.9 0 .9
Solve :  S  
10  1 9
59. `ywU we`y¨revnx `ywU j¤^v mgvšÍivj Zvi ci¯úi n‡Z 0.03m `~‡i Aew¯’Z| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Zv‡ii wfZi w`‡q 10 A we`y¨r cÖevn
Pvjv‡j cwievnx Zv‡ii 0.1m ˆ`‡N©i Dci e‡ji gvb †ei Ki| 66.66  107Wb Am1  Ans.
60. †Kvb¯’v‡b f~-‡PŠ¤^K‡¶‡Îi cÖve‡j¨i Abyf~wgK Dcvsk 31.85 Nwb 1 Ges Dj¤^ Dcvsk 47.77 Nwb 1 n‡j, H ¯’v‡b
†PŠ¤^K‡¶‡Îi †gvU cÖvej¨ I webwZi gvb KZ?
61. GKwU UªvÝdigvi cvÖBgvwi I †m‡KÛvwi Zv‡ii N~Y©‡bi AbycvZ 20 : 1 Ges †m‡KÛvix‡Z 20 ‡iva jvMv‡bvi Av‡Q| hw` cÖvBgvwi‡Z
220v cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Zvn‡j Gi ga¨ we`y¨r cÖevn n‡e- ? ans: 27.5mA
62. GKwU w`K cwieZx© cÖevn‡K I=50sin 400rt mgxKiY Øviv cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv| D³ cÖev‡ni K¤úv¯‹ KZ n‡e? Ans:200Hz
63. GKwU Av`k© UªvÝdvg©v‡ii gyL¨ I †MŠY KzÛjxi cvK msL¨v h_vµ‡g 200 Ges100| gyL¨ KzÛjx‡Z 50v (Ac)cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j †MŠY
KÛjx‡Z KZ wefe cvIqv hv‡e? ans: 25 V
64. 500 cvKwewkó KzÛjx‡Z 1 A¨vw¤úqvi we`y¨r cÖevn Pvjv‡j 104Wb Pz¤^K d¬v· m„wó nq| myÛjxi Av‡ek ¸YvsK wbY©q Ki|
Solve:  5  10 2 H ( Ans.)
65. evqy †_‡K Abª †Kvb gvaª‡gi wfZi GKwU Av‡jvKiwk¥ cÖe‡k Kivi ci MwZ 15% n«vm cvq| H gva¨‡gi cÖwZmiv¼ n‡jv Ans:1.18
66. GKwU AeZj `c©‡Yi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ 20 cm | `c©Y n‡Z KZ `~‡i e¯‘ ¯’vcb Ki‡j Pvi¸Y weewa©Z cÖwZwe¤^ cvIqv hv‡e?
Ans.15cm ev 25 cm

67. GKwU mgevû wcÖR‡gi cÖwZmiv¼ 2 n‡j Gi b~b¨Zg wePz¨wZ †KvY KZ A) 600 B) 150 C) 300 D) 450
68. KuvP I nxi‡Ki cÖwZmvi¼ h_vµ‡g 1.5 Ges 2.5| KuvP I nxi‡Ki g‡a¨ ms‡KvU †KvY-
69. GKwU Awfmvix I GKwU Acmvix †j‡Ýi ¶gZv h_vµ‡g 5 D I 3D | G‡`i ci¯ú‡ii hy³ Ki‡j Zzj¨ †j‡Ýi ¶gZv I †dvKvm
`~iZ¡ KZ n‡e? Ans: 2D, 0.5 m
70. A¯ÍMvgx m~h© †`L‡Z n‡j GKwU gvQ cvwbi wbP n‡Z †Kvb w`‡K ZvKv‡e? [cvwbi cÖwZmiv¼ 1.33]
A) 26.520 B) 50.530 C) 48.750 D) 25.610
71. 16 weea©bwewkó b‡fv-`~iex¶Y h‡š¿ †jÝ؇qi g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ 85 cm | †jÝ `ywUi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ KZ?
A) 100 cm, 10 cm B)80 cm, 5 cm C)200 cm, 2 cm D)500 cm, 20 cm
72. Bqs-Gi wØ-wPi cix¶vq c`©v †_‡K wP‡ii `~iZ¡ 1.6 m | †K›`ªxq D¾¡j †Wviv †_‡K PZz_© D¾¡j †Wvivi `~iZ¡ 16.0 mm . Av‡jvi
Zi½‰`N©¨ 5.89  107 m n‡j wPi؇qi ga¨eZx© `yiZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 0.236 mm  Ans.
16.0 D
`ywU †Wvivi e¨eavb,   4mm  4  10 3 m `ywU †Wvivi e¨eavb, Z  
4 a
73. cøvwUbv‡gi Kvh© A‡c¶K 6.31eV | m‡e©v”P KZ Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Av‡jv c­ vwUbv‡gi Dci AvcwZZ n‡j B‡jKUªb wbtm„Z n‡e?
Ans: 3152 A0

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

74. †Kvb avZzi Kvh© A‡c¶K 3.2  1019 J | H avZz‡Z 4500A0 Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Av‡jvKiwk¥ AvcwZZ n‡j wbtm„Z B‡jKUª‡bi m‡e©v”P
MwZ kw³ wbY©q Ki|[cøv‡¼i aªæe‡Ki gvb = 6.63  1034 Js ] ans: 1.2  1019 J
75. 1028 kg f‡ii GKwU KYv finxb †dvU‡b ¶q n‡j KZ kw³ †ei n‡e? ans: 9  10 12 j
76. GKwU †cÖvUb‡K 500V wefe cv_©‡K¨i ga¨ w`‡q Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv n‡j Gi `ªæwZ KZ n‡e? (†cÖvU‡bi fi = 1.67  10 27 kg ) ans:
3.1 105 m/ s
1
77. i¨vW‡bi Aa©vqy 3.8w`b| KZ w`b ci g~j As‡ki fvM Aewkó _vK‡e? [Ans.12 : 63 days ]
10
78. ‡iwWqv‡gi Mo Avqy 2341 eQi, Gi Aeÿq aªæe‡Ki gvb KZ?
79. ‡Kvb UªvbwR÷‡i 8.0 mA wbtmviK cÖevn cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ 7.9 mA msMÖvnK cÖev‡ni cwieZ©b NUj| msMÖvnK cÖevn cwieZ©‡bi
Kvi‡Y cxV cÖev‡ni cwieZ©b cvIqv †Mj 0.1 mA | cÖevn weea©b ¸YK  Ges cÖevn jvf Current gain  †ei Ki|
80. wbtmviK cÖev‡ni 8.0 mA cwieZ©b msMÖvnK cÖev‡ni 7.9 mA cwieZ©b NUvq| msMÖvnK cÖev‡ni 0.79 mA cwieZ©b †c‡Z n‡j
cxV cÖev‡ni KZUzKz cwieZ©b `iKvi?  0.1mA.( Ans.)
81. †Kvb e¯Íyi fi 8.36 103 kg cy‡ivUvB kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nj| wK cwigvY kw³ Drcbœ nj? E  75.24 1013 j
82. 4200 J cwigvY Zvckw³ 1kg cwigvY cvwb †kvl Ki‡j I 1k ZvcgvÎvi e„w× NU‡j cvwbi fi wK cwigvY e„w× cv‡e? (Av‡jvi
MwZ‡eM= 3 108 ms 1)
83. nj †fv‡ëR cÖwZ GKK AvqZ‡b Avavb evn‡Ki e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|
84. webwZ-welye †iLvq 0o , †giæ‡Z 90o
85. ‡h ZvcgvÎvq Gw›U‡div †PŠ¤^K c`v‡_©i MnO ‡PŠ¤^³ me©vwaK nq Zv‡K ejv nq-bxj ZvcgvÎv (Neel Temperature)
86. ‡PŠ¤^K c`v‡_©i wePz¤^wKZ n‡Z Abxnv ev ˆkw_¨j cÖ`k©b‡K ejv nq-wn‡÷wiwmm
87. Avweó Zwo”PvjK kw³i w`K Avwe®‹vi K‡ib-‡jÄ
88. GKwU KuvP wcÖR‡g j¤^fv‡e AvcwZZ iwk¥ we‡f`Zj †Nu‡l †ewi‡q hvq| wcÖR‡gi cÖwZmivsK 1.5 n‡j wcÖRg †KvY KZ?
89. wcÖR‡g Av‡jvi we›`yiY N‡U
90. jvj Av‡jvi wePz¨wZ me‡P‡q Kg I †e¸Yx/bxj Av‡jvi me‡P‡q †ewk|
91. `ywU †dvU‡bi ci¯ú‡ii mv‡c‡ÿ Av‡cwÿK †eM- C
92. 1g f‡ii KYv 2000ms-1 †e‡M MwZkxj _vK‡j Gi mv‡_ mswkøó Zi½ ‰`N©¨ KZ? Ans. 3.315 1034 m
93. ‡iwWqv‡g Aa©Rxeb 1590 eQi n‡j ÿq aªæeK I Mo Rxeb KZ? Ans. 4.36  104 y 1 I 2294 y
94. evZv‡m GKwU KuvP †j‡Ýi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ 25 †mw›UwgUvi| cvwb‡Z Gi †dvKvm `~iZ¡ KZ?
3 4
(KuvP I cvwbi cig cÖwZmiv¼ I ) Ans. 100cm
2 3
95. CO2 M¨v‡mi w¯’i AvqZ‡b I w¯’i Pv‡c †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc KZ? Ans. CV = 25.18 J k-1mol-1
CP = 3349 J k-1mol-1
96. GKwU mylg Zwor‡ÿ‡Î 50 cm e¨eav‡b Aew¯’Z `ywU we›`yi wefe cv_©K¨ 200V | Zwor‡ÿ‡Îi cÖvej¨ KZ?
Ans. 400 Vm-1
97. 39.44m ˆ`‡N©¨i GKwU Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cÖevn 5A n‡j ZviwU‡K †cuwP‡q GKwU KzÛjx Kiv n‡j KzÛjxi †K‡›`ª †PŠ¤^K †ÿ‡Îi gvb
KZ? Ans. 5  107 T
98. ‡Kvb GKwU n«‡`i Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi Dcwi Z‡j Avmvq GKwU ey`ey` AvqZ‡b cuvP¸Y nq| evqy gÛ‡ji Pvc Ges cvwbi NbZ¡ h_vµ‡g
105 N / M 2 Ges 103 kg  m 3 n‡j n«‡`i MfxiZv KZ? g  9.8ms 2
Short cut Solve: h  (n  1) 10.2 = (5  1) 10.2 (n  5) = 4  10.2 = 40.8m

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 Previous year DU question
 Model test solve

---------

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

imvqb

¸bMZ imvqb

Basic Concept

AvB‡mv‡Uvc: cvigvYweK msL¨v ev †cÖvUb msL¨v mgvb-

 wfbœ wfbœ cigvbyi g‡a¨ AvB‡mv‡Uvc †`Lv hvq
 wbDUªb msL¨vi cv_‡©K¨I Rb¨ AvB‡mv‡Uvc m„wó nq
Example:
1 2 3 235 233 238 35 37 28 29 30
 H, H, H  U, U, U  Cl . Cl  Si, Si, Si
1 1 1 92 92 92 17 17 14 14 14
AvB‡mv‡Uvb ‡h mKj cigvbyi wbDUªb msL¨v mgvb Zviv ci¯ú‡ii AvB‡mv‡Uvb
GLv‡b A  fi msL¨v, Z  cvtmsL¨v/†cÖvUb msL¨v myZivs wbDUªb msL¨v, ( A  Z )
30 31 32 18 20 16 15 13 14
Example:  Si, P, S  O, Ne  O, N  C, N
14 15 16 8 10 8 7 6 7
AvB‡mvevi ‡h mKj cigvbyi fi msL¨v mgvb Zviv ci¯ú‡ii AvB‡mvevi t
138 138 138 240 240 64 64
Example:  Ba, La, Cl  Hg , Pb  Ca , Zn
56 57 58 80 82 29 30
14 C I 16 O ci¯ú‡ii 14 C and 16 O are 
Question: 6 
6 8  8 
(A) Isomer (B) Isotone (C) Isobar D)Isotope Ans. B
Question: AvB‡mvU‡bi D`vniY-(Example of isotone is)
A) 13 13
7 N, 6 C
40
B) 18 Ar , 40
20 Ca C) 40 40
20 Ca , 19 K
31
D) 15 32
P, 16 S Ans:D
 13.6ev
 ‡h †Kvb Kÿc‡_ H Gi kw³ E H 
n2
Question: nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy f‚wg Ae¯’v †_‡K cieZ©x D”PZi kw³¯Í‡i †h‡Z GKwU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy wK cwigvY kw³ †kvlY K‡i?
A. 3.4 ev B. 4.5 ev C. 10.2 ev D. 13.6 ev Ans. A
 nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy f‚wg Ae¯’vi me©wb¤§ Kÿc_ n1=1 cieZ©x D”PZi kw³¯Í‡ii Kÿc_ n2=2 n‡j,‡kvwlZ kw³i cwigvY,
 13.6 13.6  13.6 13.6
∆E=E1-E2= ( 2
)  ( 2 ) = ( 2 )  ( 2 ) =3.4ev
n1 n2 1 2

nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi Gwgkb eY©vjx

eY©vjx : †Kvb B‡jKUªb hLb D”P Kÿc_ †_‡K wb¤œ Kÿc‡_ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq ZLb H B‡j±ªb wbw`©ó cwigv‡Y kw³ wewKwiZ K‡i d‡j †h
A‡ji m„wó nq Zv‡K eY©vjx e‡j|
H-eY©vjx : B‡j±ªbmg~n D”P Kÿc_ †_‡K wb¤œ Kgc‡ÿ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡j jvB‡gb, evgvi, c¨v‡ðb, eªv‡KU, dzÛ wmwi‡Ri m„wó nq|
 ‡Kvb B‡j±ªb D”P Kÿc_ †_‡K hw` n = 1 ¯’vbvwšÍZ nq  jvB‡gb wmwiR m„wó nq|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 ‡Kvb B‡j±ªb D”P Kÿc_ †_‡K hw` n =2 ¯’vbvwšÍZ nq  evgvi wmwiR m„wó nq|
 ‡Kvb B‡j±ªb D”P Kÿc_ †_‡K hw` n = 3 ¯’vbvwšÍZ nq  c¨v‡ðb wmwiR m„wó nq|
 ‡Kvb B‡j±ªb D”P Kÿc_ †_‡K hw` n = 4 ¯’vbvwšÍZ nq  eªv‡KU wmwiR m„wó nq|
 ‡Kvb B‡j±ªb D”P Kÿc_ †_‡K hw` n = 5 ¯’vbvwšÍZ nq  dzÛ wmwiR m„wó nq|
GB me¸‡jv mvwi GKwU mvaviY mgxKiY Øviv eY©bv Kiv hvq|
1 1 1
 R H  2  2  ..........(1)
  n1 n 2 
mgxKiY (1) †K wiU&R Gi ms‡hvM bxwZ (Ritz combination principle) ejv nq|
wewfbœ wmwi‡Ri Rb¨ mywbw`©ó gvb MÖnY K‡i hv, mviYx -G ‡`Lv‡bv njt
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi Gwgkb eY©vjx I wiUR-Gi ms‡hvM bxwZ:
wmwiR n1 n2 eY©vjx AÂj

jvBg¨vb 1 2,3,4, BZ¨vw` AwZ‡e¸wb

evgvi 2 3,4,5, BZ¨vw` `„k¨gvbÑAwZ‡e¸wb
c¨v‡ðb 3 4,5,6, BZ¨vw` Ae‡jvwnZ
eª¨v‡KU 4 5,6,7, , BZ¨vw` Ae‡jvwnZ
dyÛ 5 6,7,8 , BZ¨vw` Ae‡jvwnZ
Question:nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi cvigvYweK eY©vjxi †Kvb wmwiRwU‡Z `„k¨gvb A‡ji iwk¥ †`Lv hvq?
A. Paschen B.Lymen C.Balmer D.Brackett Ans : C
Question: nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi cvigvYweK eY©vjxi jvBg¨vb wmwi‡Ri Z…Zxq jvBb Gi Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ KZ? R H  10.97  10 6 m 1 )
A) 9.723nm B) 197.350nm C) 337.235 nm D)97.235 nm Ans. D

Solve: GLv‡b, n1  1, n 2  3  1  4 R H  10.97  106 m 1 ,   ?

1  1 1  1 1 
  RH  2  2   10.97 106       9.7235  108 m  97.235nm
  n1 n2   1 16 

Concept: ‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v

‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨vi gvb I Zvrc©h©

‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v ‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨vi gvb ‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨vi Zvrc©h
cÖavb‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v(n) …n=1,2,3,4, ...BZ¨vw` AvKvi ev kw³ wb‡`k K‡i
mnKvix ‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v(l) 0 †_‡K (n-1) ch©šÍ Dckw³¯Í‡ii AvK…wZ ev AiweUv‡ji AvK…wZ
‡PŠ¤^Kxq ‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v (m) 0 mn ± l AiweUv‡ji web¨vm ev w`K wb‡`©k K‡i
w¯úb ‡Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v(s) +1/2A_ev-1/2 B‡jKUª‡bi N~Y©‡bi w`K wb‡`k K‡i

Question: 2p AiweUv‡ji n, 1, Ges m Gi gvb h_vµ‡g 

(A) 2, 1, 0 (B)2, 1, (-1, 0 1) (C)2, 2, (-2, -1, 0, 1, 2) (D)1, 1, 0 Ans. B
Solve:cÖavb †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v = n mnKvix †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v l = 0 to (n – 1), Pz¤^Kxq †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v, m =  l,

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
1
w¯úb †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v, s =  n = 2, l=0,1, m = (+1, 0, - 1)
2

Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb †Kvqv›Uvg †mUwU cigvYyi GKwU B‡jKUª‡bi Rb¨ m¤¢e bq?(12-13)
1 1
A) n=2, l =1, m=0, s= + B) n=3, l =1, m=2, s= -
2 2
1 1
C) n=2, l =0, m=0, s= - D) n=2, l =1, m=0, s= + Ans. B
2 2
Concept: wbDwK¬qvi wewµqvi mgxKiY (Equations of Nuclear Reactions)

 ‡Kvb cigvYyi wbDwK¬qvm †_‡K  KYv wewKwiZ n‡j ‡cÖvUb msL¨v 2 GKK n«vm cvq Ges fi msL¨v 4 GKK n«vm cvq KviY  KYv
4
n‡jv He cigvYyi wbDwK¬qvm|
2

 ‡Kvb cigvYyi wbDwK¬qvm †_‡K  -KYv wewKwiZ n‡j †cÖvUb msL¨v GK GKK †e‡o hvq Ges fi msL¨v AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K KviY 
 0 
KYv n‡jv B‡jKUªb  e 
 1 

 ‡Kvb cigvYyi wbDwK¬qvm †_‡K  KYv wewKiZ n‡j H cigvYyi †cÖvUb, fi msL¨v Ges B‡jKUªb msL¨v AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K KviY  KYv
n‡jv Zwor Pz¤^Kxq Zi½|

Example1:wb‡gœi wewµqvi k~b¨¯’v‡b wK n‡Z cv‡i? 26 Mg  1

2 H  24 Na  ..............
11
12
A)   particle B)   particle C)   ray D) neutron Ans. A
Example2:.wb‡gœv³ wewµqvi k~b¨¯’v‡b wK n‡Z cv‡i? 27 Al  4 He  30 P  ..........
13 2 15
A) 10 n B) 0 C) 1H D) 0  Ans. A
 1e 1 0
Example3: wb‡Pi wbDwK¬qvi wewµqvi X ‡Kvb KYv? 14 14
6 C 7 NX
A)   particle B)   ray C)   particle D)neutron Ans. C

NMR eYvjx©
 †Kvb †gŠ‡ji cigvYyi wbDwK¬qv‡mi w¯úb cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †h eYvjx© m„wó nq| me‡P‡q Kg kw³ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq|
Radio wave Zi½ GLv‡b e¨eüZ nq|
MRI hš¿ GB bxwZ‡Z KvR K‡i| †Kv‡li AmsL¨ H 2 O Aby †h NMR wmMbvj †`q Zv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖ‡mm Ki‡j wbw`©ó A‡½i
wPÎ cvIqv hvq|

IR eYvjx
†Kvb ¯’vqx ev cwieZ©bkxj WvB‡cvj †gv‡g›U wewkó K¤úbkxj Aby IR A‡ji †iwW‡qkb †kvlY Ki‡j wbw`©ó K¤úbkw³ ¯Íi ‡_‡K
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
cieZx© D”PZi K¤úbkw³¯Í‡i DbœxZ n‡q †h eYvjx© m„wó K‡i ZvB K¤úb eYvjx© ev IR|
†h mKj wØcigvYyK Abyi Zwor FYvZ¥Kvi cv_©‡K¨i Rb¨ WvB‡cvj ‡gv‡g›U m„wó n‡e Zviv IR †iwW‡qkb mwµq n‡e| †hgb- CO, HF, HCl
wKš‘ WvB‡cvj †gv‡g›U bv _vK‡j IR mwµq n‡e bv| †hgb- N 2 , O 2 , H 2
eû cigvYyK Abyi IR eYvjx©‡Z GKvwaK e¨vÛ cvIqv hvq hv cÖwZwU †hŠ‡Mi Rb¨ wbw`©ó Zi½ ˆ`N©¨ N‡U|‡hgb- H 2 O

Ultraviolet (UV) eYvjx

†Kvb AYyi B‡j±ªwbK D‡ËRbvi d‡j H AYy UV-visible A‡j kw³‡kvlY K‡i wbgœkw³¯Íi †_‡K D”Pkw³¯Í‡i DbœxZ n‡q †h eYvjx© m„wó
nq Zv‡K UV eYvjx© e‡j|

Concept:wkLv cix¶v (Flame test)

je‡Y Dcw¯’Z avZz `xc wkLvi eY©

Na ‡mvbvjx njy` eY©nxb
K ‡e¸wb ‡Mvjvcx
Ca nvjKv jvj (B‡Ui eY©) meyR
Cu Mvp meyR

Question: wkLv cix¶vq K¨vjwmqv‡gi wkLvi eY©

A) B‡Ui b¨vq jvj B) njy` C) meyR D) bxj Ans. A

Concept:`ªe‡Y Avqb
mbv³KiY
Cu2+Avqb kbv³KiY
Test-1 t GKwU cix¶v b‡j Aí GKUz `ªe‡Y ax‡i ax‡i NH 4 OH `ªeY †hvM Kiv nq|
ch©‡e¶Y t cÖ_‡g ¶viKxq Kcvi je‡Yi nvjKv bxj Aat‡¶c I c‡i Aat‡¶c `ªexf~Z n‡q †UUªvw¤§b wKDwcÖK je‡Yi Mvp bxj `ªeY Drcbœ
nq|
Al3+Avqb kbv³KiY

Test-1t je‡Yi `ªe‡Y ax‡i ax‡i NaOH `ªeY †hvM Kiv nq|
ch©‡e¶Y t mv`v Aat‡¶c c‡o| G Aa‡¶‡ci m‡½ AviI Kw÷K †mvWv `ªeY †hvM Ki‡j Aa‡¶c `ªexfyZ n‡q hvq| G `ªeY‡K NH 4 Cl mn
DËß Ki‡j Avevi mv`v Aat‡¶c †`Lv hvq|

Fe2+Ges Fe3+Avqb
kbv³KiY
(K) ch©‡e¶Y t Mvp bxj Aat‡¶c c‡o|
Fe2  Ka [Fe(CN)6 ]  KFe[Fe(CN)6 ]  K  (Mvp bxj Aat)
(L) ch©‡e¶Y t ev`vgx `ªeY m„wó nq| Fe3  K3[Fe(CN)6 ]  Fe[Fe(CN)6 ]  K  ‡dwiK †dwimvqvbvBW(ev`vgx `ªeY)

Zn2+Avqb kbv³KiY

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Test-1 t (i) gRy` `ªe‡Yi 2  3 cm3 GKwU cix¶v b‡j wb‡q Zv‡Z wKQz cwigvY NaOH Gi `ªeY †hvM Kiv nq|
(ii) cÖvß mv`v Aa:†¶‡ci m‡½ AwZwi³ NaOH `ªeY †hvM Kiv nq|
(iii) `ªe‡Y H 2S M¨vm Pvjbv Kiv nq|

Concept:`ªve¨Zv/Solubility
wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq 100 gm `ªvŸ‡K m¤ú³ `ªe‡Y cwiYZ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY `ªe‡K `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z nq, ‡mB cwigvY `ªe‡K `ªve¨Zv e‡j|
Example : 15o C ZvcgvÎvq 100 gm cvwb‡Z NaOH Gi m¤ú³ `ªeY ˆZix Ki‡Z 40 gm cÖ‡qvRb nq| myZivs NaOH Gi `ªve¨Zv
40.
* wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKwU `ª‡e¨i fi m(gm) †K †Kvb `ªve‡K `ªexf~Z n‡q M(gm) mg„³ `ªeY Drcbœ Ki‡j, H `ªve‡Ki `ªve¨Zv =
`ª ‡ ei fi
100, S   m   100
`ª ve‡ Ki fi Mm

`ªve¨Zvi wbf©ikxjZv

`ª‡ei cÖK…wZ `ªve‡Ki cÖK…wZ Pvc ZvcgvÎv

Example :K¶ ZvcgvÎvq kcl Gi 75 gm f‡ii GKwU mg„³ `ªe‡Y 25 gm kcl `ªexf~Z Av‡Q| H ZvcgvÎvq kcl Gi `ªve¨Zv KZ?

Solve: `ªve¨Zv, S  m  100 =  25   100 = 50%m = 25

Mm  75  25  M=75

Concept:`ªve¨Zv ¸YvsK/Solubility product

 ¯^í `ªve¨ ev Kg cwigv‡Y `ªeYxq jeYmg~n Lye mn‡RB mg„³ `ªeY Drcbœ K‡i ZvB mvgvb¨ Ask AvqwbZ nq evwKUzKz A`ªeYxq Ae¯’vq
2 2
_v‡K d‡j DfgyLx mvg¨e¯’vi m„wó nq| C a CO3  Ca ( aq )  CO 3 ( aq )
( s)
 m¤ú³ `ªe‡Y Drcbœ mvg¨e¯’vq Kg cwigv‡Y `ªeYxq je‡Yi ev †hŠ‡Mi m‡e©v”P AvqwbZ NbgvÎvq ¸Ydj‡K `ªve¨Zv ¸YvsK (Ksp) e‡j|
GwU ïaygvÎ ¯^í cwigv‡Y `ªeYxq †hŠ‡Mi cÖ‡hvR¨
Example : AB (S) (A+ ) ( ) Ksp  A     B 
Concept:AvqwbK ¸Ydj

 †h †Kv‡bv Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv je‡Yi `ªe‡Y Dcw¯’Z Avqb؇qi NbgvÎvi ¸Ydj‡K AvqwbK ¸Ydj e‡j|
`ªve¨Zv ¸Ydj aªæeK ivwk wKš‘ AvqwbK ¸Yd‡ji gvb cwieZ©bkxj| G‡K ki ev Q Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
‡Kvb Zwor we‡køl¨ c`v‡_©i `ªe‡Y
 Ksp = ki n‡j m¤ú³ `ªeY,hZUzKz Avqb `ªe‡Y Dcw¯’Z _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb ZZUzKz Avqb Dcw¯’Z i‡q‡Q|
 Ksp > ki n‡j Am¤ú³ `ªeY cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq hw` Kg cwigv‡Y Avqb Dcw¯’Z _v‡K|
 Ksp <ki n‡j AwZc„³ ev Aat‡¶c cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AwaK Avqb `ªe‡Y Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j

Concept:wewfbœ †hŠ‡Mi Ksp ivwkgvjv wbY©q

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

  
Pbcl2 †hŠ‡Mi Ksp : Pbcl2 ( s )  Pb2 ( aq )  2 cl  ( aq ) 
  
 ksp  Pb 2  2cl  2
= S  2S = S  4 S 2 = 4 S 3 [fiwµqvi m~Î Abymv‡i]
2

†gŠj mg~‡ni ch©vqe„Ë ag© I ivmvqwbK eÜb

 s  eøK I p  eøK †gŠjmg~n‡K cÖwZiƒcx †gŠj (Representative Elements) ev cÖavb MÖæc †gŠj (Main Group Elements) ejv
nq|
 d  eøK †gŠjmg~n‡K Ae¯’všÍi †gŠj (Transition Elements) Ges f  eøK †gŠjmg~n‡K Af¨šÍixY Ae¯’všÍi †gŠj (Inner
Transition Elements) ejv nq|

K‡qKwU MÖæ‡ci bvgKiY

MÖæc bvg
IA ¶vi avZz (Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)
IIA g„r¶vi avZz (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
VIA Pvj‡Kv‡Rb MÖæc (O, S, Se, Te, Po)
VIIA n¨v‡jv‡Rb MÖæc (F, Cl, Br, I)
wbw®Œq M¨vm, ‘O’ MÖæc, BbvU© M¨vm, Noble gas, Rare gas, AwfRvZ M¨vm, weij M¨vm
O/VIII ‡PŠ¤^Kxq †kªYx avZz
 MÖæc IA †Z H e¨ZxZ 6wU †gŠj Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr ¶vi avZz, Avevi MÖæc IIA †Z †h 6wU †gŠj Av‡Q Be, Mg, Ca, Sr,
Ba, Ra- G¸‡jvi bvg g„r ¶vi avZz|
Gr lA Gi avZz¸‡jvi A·vBW I nvBWª·vBW¸‡jv ( Na 2 O, NaOH, KOH ) Zxeª ¶viagx©| ZvB G avZz¸‡jv ¶vi avZz|
Avevi Gr IIA Gi avZz¸‡jvi A·vBW-nvBWªA·vBW¸‡jv †hgwb ¶vixq †Zgwb G¸‡jv‡K f~Z‡¡ Ki gvwU‡Z cvIqv hvq ( CaO, MgO
BZ¨vw`)| ZvB G‡`i bvg g„r ¶vi avZz|
* eøK Abymv‡i †gŠjmg~n‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? mvaviY B‡j±ªb web¨vm wjL|
e­ ‡Ki bvg B‡j±ªb web¨vm (mvaviY) †gŠ‡ji msL¨v

a) s eøK ns1,ns2 14wU

b) p eøK np1-6 30wU

c) d eøK ns1-2(n-1)d1-10 37wU

d) f eøK (n-2)f1-14(n-1)d1-10ns2 28wU

wewfbœ †gŠ‡ji e¨vwZµgx B‡jKUªb web¨vm

†gŠj cvigvbweK msL¨v ewnt¯Í†i m¤¢ve¨ B‡jKUªb web¨vm ewnt¯Í†i cÖK…Z B‡jKUªb web¨vm
Cr 24 3d44s2 3d54s1

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Cu 29 3d94s2 3d104s1
Mo 42 4d45s2 4d55s1
Pd 46 4d85s2 4d104s0
Ag 47 4d95s2 4d104s1
La 57 4f15s25p66s2 4f05s25p65d16s2
Pt 78 5d86s2 5d96s1
Au 79 5d96s2 5d106s1
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb B‡j±ªb web¨vmwU Ae¯’všÍi †gŠ‡ji?
A) Is 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 4s 2 B) Is2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 1 4s 2
C) Is2 2s 2 2 p 2 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 10 4s 2 D) Is2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4 p1 DËi :B
Question:GKwU cigvYyi z  31 Gi ¯^vfvweK B‡jKUªb web¨vm n‡e ?
A) Is 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 4 3 p8 4s 2 4 p 3 B) Is2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4 p1
C) Is 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 10 4s 2 3 p 2 D) Is 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 2 3d 9 4 s1 3 p 3 DËi: B

†gŠ‡ji MÖæc Ges chvq wbY©q

MÖæc wbY©q:
 me©ewn:¯’ ¯Í‡i s ,p AiweUv‡j B‡jKUªb _vK‡j mveMÖæcA
 me©ewn:¯’ ¯Í‡i s ,d AiweUv‡j B‡jKUªb _vK‡j mveMÖæc B
 me©ewn:¯’ ¯Í‡i s ,d AiweUv‡j(3-7) wU B‡jKUªb _vK‡j IIIB-VIIB
 me©ewn:¯’ ¯Í‡i s ,d AiweUv‡j(8-10) wU B‡jKUªb _vK‡j VIII
 me©ewn:¯’ ¯Í‡i s ,d AiweUv‡j(11) wU B‡jKUªb _vK‡j IB
 me©ewn:¯’ ¯Í‡i s ,d AiweUv‡j(12)wU B‡jKUªb _vK‡j IIB
chvq wbY©q: cigvbyi B‡jKUªb web¨v‡m m‡ev©”P cÖavb †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v †gŠ‡ji chv©q wb‡`©k K‡i
Example: 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 1 4s 2 ‡gŠ‡ji MÖæc I chv©q KZ?
‡gŠ‡ji me©ewn:¯’ ¯Í‡i s ,d AiweUv‡j B‡jKUªb _vKvq mveMÖæc B n‡e|
cigvbyi B‡jKUªb web¨v‡m m‡ev©”P cÖavb †Kvqv›Uvg msL¨v 4s weavq chv©q n‡e 4
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb †mUwUi me †gŠj¸wji B‡jKUªb web¨v‡m †e‡Rvo B‡jKUªb Av‡Q?
A) Ca, Sr, Ba B) Na, Si, S C) Ca, p, xe D) Zn, Mg, N DËi : B
Solve:MÖæc II Ges MÖæc VIII me †gŠj¸wji B‡jKUªb web¨v‡m ‡Rvo B‡jKUªb Av‡Q KviY Zv‡`i B‡jKUªb web¨vm
ns2 Ges np6
 MÖæc II Ges MÖæc VIII Qvov me MÖæ‡ci †gŠj¸wji B‡jKUªb web¨v‡m †e‡Rvo B‡jKUªb Av‡Q|
Dc‡iv³ cÖ‡kœ B option-G k~aygvÎ MÖæc II Qvov Ab¨ MÖæ‡ci †gŠj Av‡Q,evwK option-G MÖæc II Gi †gŠj Av‡Q|
Concept:AvqbxKiY kw³

M¨vmxq Ae¯’vq †Kvb †gŠ‡ji 1mole cigvYyi ewnt¯’ ¯Íi †_‡K 1wU B‡j±ªb AcmviY K‡i lmole abvZ¥K Avq‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY
kw³i cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K AvqbxKiY kw³ e‡j|
 1g AvqbxKiY kw³ F1  < nq AvqbxKiY kw³ F2  < 3q AvqbxKiY kw³ E 3 

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 ‡h avZzi AvqbxKiY kw³i gvb hZ Kg Zv ZZ AwaK mwµq
wbw®Œq M¨v‡mi AvqbxKiY kw³ LyeB D”P Giv ivmvqwbKfv‡e wbw®Œq|
AvqbxKiY kw³ cÖavbZ 2wU wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i
i) cigvYyi AvKvi t cigvYyi AvKvi hZ eo nq wbDwK¬qvm †_‡K `yiZ¡ e„w× cvq Ges mn‡R B‡j±ªb AcmviY mnRvZi nq Ges
AvqbxKiY kw³i gvb n«vm, wecixZfv‡e AvKvi hZ †QvU nq AvqbxKiY kw³ e„w× cvq
iv) B‡j±ªb KvVv‡gv t ewnt¯’ B‡j±ªb KvVv‡gv hZ w¯’wZkxj n‡e AvqbxKiY kw³ ZZ †ewk|

w¯’wZkxj e-KvVv‡gv ns 2 , ns 2 np 3
ns 2 np 6 , n  1d 5 ns 2
n  1d10 ns 2
N I O Gi g‡a¨ N Gi AvqbxKiY kw³ †ewk KviY N Gi w¯’wZkxj B‡j±ªb KvVv‡gv
Question: wb‡¤œi †Kvb cigvYyi cÖ_g AvqbxKiY kw³ m‡e©v”P? eÜbxi wfZ‡ii msL¨v cvigvbweK msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i|
a) Li(3) b) B(5) c) N (7) d) O (8) Ans:C
Question: wb‡¤œi †KvbwU †_‡K GKwU B‡j±ªb Acmvi‡Yi R‡b¨ me‡P‡q †ekx kw³ cÖ‡qvRb?
a. Na+ b. Ne c. Cl- d. Al3+ Ans : D
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb †gŠjwUi cÖ_g AvqwbKiY kw³ me‡P‡q Kg?
A) Al B) Mg C) Si D) Na Ans: D

Concept:B‡j±ªb Avmw³
M¨vmxq Ae¯’vq †Kvb †gŠ‡ji 1mole cigvYyi ewn:¯’ kw³¯Í‡i 1mole B‡j±ªb hy³ K‡i 1mole FYvZ¡K Avq‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY
kw³ jv‡M Zv‡K B‡j±ªb Avmw³ e‡j|
wbqvg‡Ki cÖfve
i)cigvYyi AvKvi t cigvYyi AvKvi hZ eo n‡e wbDwK¬qvm †_‡K B‡j±ª‡bi `~iZ¡ e„w× cv‡e Ges AvKl©Y n«vm cv‡e d‡j B‡j±ªb Avmw³ Kg
n‡e|
ii)B‡j±ªb KvVv‡gv t †h †gŠj hZ mn‡R AóK cyY© Ki‡Z cvi‡e Zvi B‡j±ªb Avmw³ ZZ †ekx n‡e| MÖæc VII Gi B‡j±ªb Avmw³ me‡P‡q
†ewk KviY Zv‡`i GKwU B‡j±ªb c~Y© Ki‡Z cvi‡jB AóK c~Y©Zv cvq| wbw®Œq M¨v‡mi B‡j±ªb Avmw³ k~b¨ KviY AóK c~Y© _vKvq e-MÖn‡Yi
cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq bv|
iv)B‡j±ªb NbZ¡ t cigvYyi AvKvi ¶z`ª n‡j H cigvYyi ewn:¯’ B‡j±ª‡bi mv‡_ mshy³ B‡j±ª‡bi weKl©Y ej e„w× cvIqvq H ci¯úi B‡j±ªb
Avmw³ n«vm cvq|
 ¶z`ªvK…wZ cigvYyi B‡j±ªb NbZ¡ †ewk _vKvq AvšÍ: B‡j±ªb weKl©Y e„w× cvq e‡j B‡j±ªb Avmw³ n«vm cvq|
 F I cl Gi g‡a¨ F Gi AvKvi ¶z`ª e‡j F Gi AvšÍ:B‡j±ªb weKl©Y †ewk ZvB F Gi B‡j±ªb Avmw³ Kg wKš‘ cl Gi †ewk| O Ges S
Gi g‡a¨I GKB iKg NUbv N‡U|
Question:wb‡Pi †KvbwUi B‡j±ªb Avmw³ †ewk?
a. N b. F c. O d. Cl Ans : D
Concept:Zwor
FYvZ¥KZv
AYy‡Z Dcw¯’Z `ywU cigvYyi g‡a¨ ‡kqviK…Z B‡j±ªb GKwU cigvYyi wb‡Ri w`‡K AvKl©Y Kivi ¶gZv‡K Zwor FYvZ¥K e‡j|
 Zwor FYvZ¥KZvi gvb Av‡cw¶K| GKwUi mv‡c‡¶ AciwUi gvb cwiewZ©Z nq|
 MÖæc I Gi gvb me‡P‡q Kg Ges VII Gi gvb me‡P‡q †ewk|
wbqvg‡Ki cÖfve
i) B‡j±ª‡bi NbZ¡ t GKK AvqZ‡b cigvYyi g‡a¨ PvR© _v‡K ZvB B‡j±ªb NbZ¡|
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
K¨vUvqb Ges A¨vbvqbhy³ Avq‡bi Zwor FYvZ¥KZvi gvb wbf©i K‡i B‡j±ªb Nb‡Z¡i Dci|
PvR©wenxb cigvYyi e¨vmva© (AvKvi) abvZ¥K PvR©hy³ Avq‡bi (K¨vUvqb) Zzjbvq ‡ewk n‡e KviY wbDwK¬qv‡mi mv‡_ AvKl©Y n«vm cvq Ges
Zwor FYvZ¥KUv gvb Kg n‡e|
FYvZ¥K PvR©hy³ Avq‡bi (A¨vbvqb) e¨vmva© cigvYyi e¨vmv‡a©i Zzjbvq †ewk n‡e KviY wbDwK¬qv‡m Gi Zzjbvq ewnt¯’ B‡j±ªb †ewk _vKvq
AvKl©Y n«vm cvq d‡j Zwor FYvZ¥KZv Kg n‡e|
Example : N 3 , F  , O 2 , Ne, Mg 2 , Al 3 , Na  Giv mevB mgB‡j±ªbxq (Isolectronic) G‡`i g‡a¨ e¨vmva© wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î-
 A¨vbvqb Gi PvR© hZ †ekx n‡e AvKvi ZZ eo
 K¨vUvq‡bi PvR© hZ †ekx AvKvi ZZ †QvU G‡`i AvKv‡ii EaŸ©µg wbgœiæc 
N 3  O 2  F   Ne  Nu   Mg 2  Al 3
 AvKvi hZ †QvU n‡e Zwor FYvZ¡KZvi gvb ZZ †ekx| myZivs Zwor FYvZ¥KZvi µg wbgœiæc 
Al 3  Mg 2  Na   Ne  F   O 2  N 3
Question:0†gŠj¸‡jvi B‡jK‡Uªv‡b‡MwUwfwUi µg-
B a. C< N<Si<P b. N>C>P>Si c. Si>P>C>N d.P>Si>N>C Ans : B

Topics:†gŠ‡ji A·vB‡Wi ag©

 GKB ch©v‡q evg †_‡K hZ Wv‡b hvIqv hvq ZZB avZe ˆewkó¨ n«vm cvq Ges AavZe ˆewkó¨ e„w× cvq|
 evg w`‡Ki avZzi A·vBW AvqwbK gv‡Si AavZzi A·vBW mg‡hvRx Ges wekvj AvYweK MV‡bi Wvb w`‡Ki AavZzi A·vBW mg‡hvRx
†hŠM|
 ev‡gi A·vBW ¶vixq gv‡Si A·vBW g„`y ¶vixq ev A¤øxq A_ev DaŸ©gyLx Ges Wv‡bi A·vBW A¤øagx©|
Question: wb‡æi †Kvb †hŠMwU me‡P‡q Kg ZvcgvÎvq we‡qvwRZ n‡e ?(2012-2013)
(A) Na2CO3 (B) K2CO3 (C) MgCO3 (D) BaCO3 Ans: (C)
Solve:MÖæc - II avZzi cvigvbweK msL¨v e„w×i m‡½ Kve©‡bU I mvj‡dU¸‡jv `ªve¨Zv µgvš^‡q n«vm cvq|
MgCO3  CaCO 3  SrCO 3  BaCO3

cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv

 MÖæc I Gi A·vBW `ªæZ cvwbi mv‡_ Ges Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i|
 MÖæc II Gi A·vBW `„pfv‡e Ave× _vKvq cvwbi mv‡_ mvgvb¨ wewµqv K‡i wKš‘ Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ `ªæZ wewµqv K‡i|
 MÖæc III Gi A·vBW cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i bv wKš‘ Giv DaŸ©gyLx A·vBW|
 MÖæc IV †_‡K VII ch©šÍ AwaKvsk A·vBW A¤øagx©| SiO 2 cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i bv wKš‘ Mvp ¶v‡ii mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i|
A·vB‡Wi cÖK…wZ
 ¶vixqt avZzi A·vBW
 A¤øxq tAavZzi A·vBW
 Efagx© t Al , Zn , Sn, Pb A·vBW
Question: Kve©b I wmwjKb ch©vq mviwYi MÖæc (IV ) Gi †gŠj| wb‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨wU CO2 Ges SiO2 Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR
a) Both contain ionic bond b) Both are readity soluble in water
c) Both are acidic oxides d) Both have gaint molecular structure Ans: C
Question: wb‡Pi †KvbwU Dfq agx© A·vBW?
A) CO2 B) SiO2 C) SnO2 D) CaO Ans. C

Ae¯’všÍi avZzmg~n c¨vivg¨vM‡bwUK

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 †h c`v_©mg~n Pz¤^K †¶Î Øviv `ye©jfv‡e AvKwl©Z nq Zv‡`i‡K c¨vivg¨vM‡bwUK e‡j| †h †Kvb c`v_©, hv‡`i cigvYy‡Z we‡Rvo ev AhyM¥
B‡jKUªb _v‡K; Zviv c¨vivg¨vM‡bwUK n‡q _v‡K| KviY cigvYy‡Z AhyM¥ B‡jKUª‡bi N~Y©b ev w¯úwbs-Gi d‡j g¨vM‡bwUK †gv‡g›U ev åvg‡Ki
m„wó nq|
 Ae¯’všÍi avZzi †hme Avq‡b AhyM¥ d- B‡jKUªb _v‡K, Giv c¨viv Pz¤^Kxq ev c¨vivg¨vM‡bwUK n‡q _v‡K| †h Avq‡b hZ †ewk msL¨K AhyM¥
d-AiweUvj B‡jKUªb _v‡K, †m Avqb ZZ †ewk c¨viv Pz¤^Kxq nq|
 Avqib, †Kvevë I wb‡Kj nj †d‡iv g¨vM‡bwUK (ferromagnetic) A_©vr Giv Pz¤^K‡¶Î Øviv cÖejfv‡e AvK…ó nq|
 †h c`v_© Pz¤^K‡¶Î Øviv weKwl©Z nq, Zv‡`i‡K Wvqvg¨vM‡bwUK e‡j| G‡`i cigvYy‡Z AhyM¥ B‡jKUªb _v‡K bv| wRsK avZz nj
Wvqvg¨vM‡bwUK|
Question: wb‡Pi †KvbwU Paramagnetic?
A. Cr B. Zn C.Cu D.Fe DËi t A
ivmvqwbK eÜb

Av‡qvwbK eÜb (Ionic

bond)
kZ© t  avZz I AavZzi g‡a¨ MwVZ nq|
 K¨vUvqb I A¨vbvqb m„wó nq|
Example : NH4Cl †hŠ‡M NH4+, Cl- m„wó nq myZivs G‡Z Av‡qvwbK eÜb Av‡Q|

mg‡hvRx eÜb (Covalent bond)

kZ© t  `ywU AavZzi g‡a¨ MwVZ nq
 mgfv‡e B‡jKUªb †kqv‡ii gva¨‡g MwVZ nq|

mwbœ‡ek mg‡hvRx eÜb (Co-ordinate covalent bond)

kZ© t wbrm½ B‡jKUªb hyMj (lonepair) Ges AwZwi³ hyMj B‡jKUªb †hme †hŠ‡M Dcw¯’Z _v‡K †Kej ZvivB mwbœ‡ek mg‡hvRx eÜb MVb
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb eÜb (H-
bond)
kZ© t H Gi mv‡_ D”P Zwor FYvZ¥K †gŠj, †hgb (O, F) †h e܇b Ave× nq|
Question: NH4Cl Abyi cÖK…wZ n‡”Q?
a) Ionic b) Covalent c) Coordinate covatent d) All of them. Ans.: D.
Concept :AvqwbK †hŠM mbv³ Kivi wbqg

→ K¨vUvq‡bi AvKvi eo
→ A¨vbvq‡bi AvKvi ‡QvU
Dc‡iv³ `ywU ˆewkó †h †hŠ‡Mi g‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z _vK‡e †mB †hŠMwU mevwaK AvqwbK n‡e|

wfbœ ch©v‡qi †¶‡Î

 D”P ch©v‡qi me©wbgœ cvigvYweK msL¨v wewkó †gŠ‡ji AvKvi me‡P‡q eo n‡e|
 GKB ch©v‡qi me©wbgœ cvigvYweK msL¨v wewkó †gŠ‡ji AvKvi eo n‡e|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

AvKvi eo/ †QvU †ei Kivi wbqg

cvigvYweK msL¨v Rvb‡jB AvKvi †ei Kiv m¤¢e| †hgb-
2q ch©v‡qi cvt msL¨v → 3 – 9
3q ÕÕ ÕÕ → 11 – 17
4_© ÕÕ ÕÕ → 19 – 35
Example :Alcl3, Sicl4, Kcl, Cacl2 Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi AvqwbK ˆewk‡ó¨ m‡e©v”P n‡e?
Solve: Dc‡ii †hŠ‡M †gŠj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ K Ges Ca K¨vUvqb m‡e©v”P ch©v‡qi wKš‘ K Gi cvt msL¨v Kg nIqvq Gi K¨vUvq‡i AvKvi eo
n‡e myZivs KCl me‡P‡q Av‡qvwbK n‡e|
†h me †hŠ‡Mi AvqwbK ˆewk‡ó¨ m‡e©v”P n‡e Zviv mn‡R cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq nq Ges Zv‡`i nvB‡Wªkb kw³i gvb †ewk nq| A_©vr AvqwbK/
cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq/ nvB‡Wªkb kw³
mg‡hvRx †hŠM mbv³ Kivi wbqg:
→AvqwbK †hŠ‡Mi wecixZ ag© ev ˆewk‡ó¨ hv‡`i _vK‡e Zviv mg‡hvRx n‡e|
→K¨vUvq‡bi AvKvi hvi †QvU n‡e Zvi mg‡hvRx ˆewk‡ó¨ †ekx n‡e|
1. ‡Kvb †hŠ‡Mi AvqwbK ˆewkó¨ me‡P‡q †ewk?
a) AlF3 b) Alcl3 c) Sicl4 d) SiF4 Ans: A
2. wb‡¤§i †hŠM¸wji †KvbwU‡Z mg‡hvRx eÜb †bB?
a) Hcl b) Cacl2 c) H2O d) CSF Ans: D

Concept :AvqwbK †hŠ‡Mi j¨vwUm kw³i gvb

 AvqwbK †hŠ‡Mi j¨vwUm kw³i gvb wbf©i K‡i Avq‡bi AvKvi (size) Ges Avavb (charge) Gi Dci|
 Avqbmg~n AvKv‡i †QvU n‡j †Kjv‡mi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i cvi¯úwiK `~iZ¡ Kg n‡Z cv‡i, hvi d‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ AvKl©Y kw³ e„w× cvq|
 Avevi Avq‡bi Avavb †ewk n‡jI GB AvKl©Y †ewk n‡e| myZivs Avq‡bi AvKvi †QvU Ges Avavb †ewk n‡j j¨vwUm kw³ AwaK nq| GB
Kvi‡Y MgO cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z nq bv, wKš‘ CaO `ªexf~Z nq| (Ca 2  Avqb Mg 2  Avq‡bi †P‡q AvKv‡i eo)|
eû AvqwbK †hŠM cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z nq Ges Zv‡`i †¶‡Î Avq‡bi nvB‡WªkY kw³i gvb j¨vwUm kw³i gvb-Gi †P‡q †ewk|

Concept :mgiƒcZv (Isomorphism)

 `y‡Uv wfbœ AvqwbK †hŠ‡Mi Avqbmg~‡ni B‡jKUªb web¨vm GKB n‡j Zv‡`i †KjvmÑMVb GKB nq| GB AvPiY‡K mgiƒcZv ejv nq| †hgb
NaF Ges MgO mgiƒcx KiY Na  Ges Mg 2  Avq‡bi Ges F  I O 2 Avq‡bi B‡jKUªb web¨vm GKB|
Na  / Mg 2  : 1s 2 2s 2 2p6 , F  / O 2 :1s 2 2s 2 2p 6

Concept :wbtm½ B‡jKUªb hyMj

mg‡hvRx †hŠ‡Mi AYyi g‡a¨ GKwU cigvYy Zvi ewnt¯’ †kjÑGi ‡h me B‡jKUªb hyMj Ab¨ cigvYyi mv‡_ †kqvi K‡i bv,Zv‡`i‡K
wbtm½ B‡jKUªb hyMj (Lone pair of electrons) ejv nq|
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb †hŠ‡M wbtm½ e- †Rvo Av‡Q?
a) CH4 b) Bcl3 c) Becl2 d) NH3 Ans: d

Concept :AóK wbq‡gi e¨wZµg (Deviation from Octet Rule)

Octate Rule : †hme cigvbyi g‡a¨ 8wU K‡i e- _v‡K, Zv‡`i‡K AóK ejv nq|
e¨wZµg t †hme cigvbyi 8wUi †P‡q Kg ev 8wUi †P‡q †ewk e- _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K AóK wbq‡gi e¨wZµg ejv nq|
Am¤ú~Y© AK‡UU t G‡¶‡Î e- Gi msL¨v 8 Gi †P‡q Kg nq| †hgb t Hcl, Becl2, Bcl3.
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
AóK m¤cÖmvib t †hme cigvYyi me©ewnt¯’ K‡¶ 8 Gi †P‡q †ewk e- _v‡K Zv‡`i †¶‡Î AóK m¤cÖmviY NU‡e|
‡hgbt Pcl5, SF4, SF6, IF7, XeF2, XeF4, XeF6.
Question: wb‡¤§i †KvbwU †K›`ªxq cigvby AK‡Ub wbqg AbymiY K‡ibv?
a) Ccl4 b) XeF2 c) H2O d) NF3 Ans: b

Concept:msKivqb

msKib †ei Kivi Technique

1
x= 2(‡Kw›`ªq cigvYyi †kl K¶ c‡_i (‡hvR¨Zv ¯Í‡ii)B‡j±ªb msL¨v+GK †hvRx ‡gŠ‡ji msL¨v -†hŠ‡M K¨vUvqb Gi msL¨v + †hŠ‡M A¨vbvqb
Gi msL¨v )
hw` x=4 nq Z‡e SP3 msKib
hw` x=3 nq Z‡e SP2 msKib
hw` x=2 nq Z‡e SP msKib
Example-1 :g‡b Ki GKwU †hŠM A¨v‡gvwbqv (NH3) :
A¨v‡gvwbqv (NH3) †hŠ‡M †Kw›`ªq cigvYy bvB‡Uªv‡Rb (N) .[‡h‡nZz fi †ewk / †hvRbx †ekx]
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb (N) Gi †kl K¶ c‡_i (‡hvR¨Zv ¯Í‡ii)B‡j±ªb msL¨v 5.
GK†hvRx ‡gŠ‡ji msL¨v (H) =3,†hŠ‡M K¨vUvqb Gi msL¨v =0, †hŠ‡M A¨vbvqb Gi msL¨v =0
x=1/2(5+3-0+0) = 4
†h‡nZ x=4 nq ZvB A¨v¥wbqv (NH3) †hŠ‡M SP3 msKib
Example-2 :g‡b Ki GKwU †hŠM cvwb (H2O) :
cvwb (H2O) †Z †Kw›`ªq cigvYy Aw·‡Rb (O). [‡h‡nZz fi †ewk / †hvRbx †ekx] Aw·‡Rb (O)
Gi †kl K¶ c‡_i (‡hvR¨Zv ¯Í‡ii)B‡j±ªb msL¨v 6.
GK†hvRx ‡gŠ‡ji msL¨v (H) = 2,†hŠ‡M K¨vUvqb Gi msL¨v =0,†hŠ‡M A¨vbvqb Gi msL¨v =0
x=1/2(6+2-0+0) = 4
†h‡nZz x=4 nq ZvB cvwb (H2O) †hŠ‡M SP3 msKib
Example-3 :Kve©b WvB A·vBW (CO2)
†Kw›`ªq cigvYy Kve©b (C), Kve©b (C) Gi †kl K¶ c‡_i (‡hvR¨Zv ¯Í‡ii)B‡j±ªb msL¨v 4
GK†hvRx ‡gŠ‡ji msL¨v =0,†hŠ‡M K¨vUvqb Gi msL¨v =0,†hŠ‡M A¨vbvqb Gi msL¨v =0
x=1/2(4+0-0+0) = 2;
Kve©b WvB A·vBW (CO2) G SP msKib we`¨gvb
Example-4 :g‡b Ki GKwU †hŠM A¨v‡gvwbqvg (NH4+):
A¨v‡gvwbqvg (NH4+) Avqb †hŠ‡M †Kw›`ªq cigvYy bvB‡Uªv‡Rb (N) .[‡h‡nZz fi †ewk / †hvRbx
†ekx] bvB‡Uªv‡Rb (N) Gi †kl K¶ c‡_i (‡hvR¨Zv ¯Í‡ii)B‡j±ªb msL¨v 5.
GK†hvRx ‡gŠ‡ji msL¨v =4,†hŠ‡M K¨vUvqb Gi msL¨v = 1,†hŠ‡M A¨vbvqb Gi msL¨v = 0
x=1/2(5+4-1+0) = 4
†h‡nZz x=4 nq ZvB A¨v‡gvwbqvg (NH4+) Avqb †hŠ‡M SP3 msKib
eÜb †Kv‡Yi Dci wbtm½ B‡jKUªb hyM‡ji cÖfve wbgœwjwLZ bxwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq
wbtm½ hyMjÑwbtm½ hyMj weKl©Y(lp-lp) > wbtm½ hyMj ÑeÜb hyMj weKl©Y(lp-bp)> eÜb hyMj- eÜb hyMj weKl©Y(bp-bp)|
 eÜb hyM‡ji weKl©Y cÖfve me‡P‡q Kg| NH 3 AYy‡Z GK †Rvov wbtm½ hyMj i‡q‡Q|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

wbtm½ hyMj eÜb hyMj weKl©Y > eÜb hyMjÑeÜb hyMj weKl©‡Yi †P‡q †ewk weavq H  N  : †KvY 109.50 ÑGi †P‡q Kg nq Ges Gi
d‡j H  N  H †KvY 109.50 †_‡K K‡g 1070 nq|
 H 2 O AYy‡Z `yB †Rvov wbtm½ hyM‡ji weKl©‡Yi d‡j H  O  H †KvY AviI †ewk m¼zwPZ (104.50 ) nq|
1.Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb †hŠMwUi eÜb †Kvb ¶z`ªZg?
a) CH4 b) NH3 c) H2O d) Bcl3 Ans: C
2.Question: wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z eÜb †Kvb me‡P‡q eo?
a) NH2- b) NH3 c) CH4 d) H20 Ans: C

Concept:†cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM

wbY©qDci wbf©i K‡i
†cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM wbY©‡q wbgœwjwLZ `ywU wel‡qi
------- Zwor FYvZ¥KZvi cv_©K¨ ------- eÜb †Kvb
 Zwor FYvZ¥KZvi cv_©K¨ hw` 0.5 †P‡q Kg nq Z‡e A‡cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM
 Zwor FYvZ¥KZvi cv_©K¨ hw` 0.5 †_‡K 1.7 Gi †P‡q Kg nq Z‡e †cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM
 Zwor FYvZ¥KZvi cv_©K¨ hw` 1.9 Gi †P‡q †ewk nq Z‡e AvqwbK †hŠM
Question: wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡cvjvi `ªveK?
A) H2O B) NH3 C) CCl4 D) †KvbwUB bq Ans. C

Concept :Zvc Drcv`x wewµqv

 mKj `nb wewµqv

(i) C + O2 → CO2
(ii) S + O2 → SO2
(iii)CH4+O2 → CO2+H2O (iv) N2+O2→NO (Zvcnvix wewµqv)
 mKj ms‡hvRb wewµqv
(i) H2 + Cl2 → HCl
(ii) Pcl3 + Cl2 → Pcl5
(iii)N2+H2 → NH3
e¨vwZµg t
(i) C + S → CS2
(ii) H2+I2→ HI

Concept :Zvcnvix wewµqv

mKj we‡hvRb wewµqv t
(i) NH3 → N2 + H2
(ii) H2O →H2 + O2
(iii) Pcl5 → Pcl3+Cl2
(iv) NO → N2+O2
Concept :j¨vfqwm‡q I j¨vcøv‡mi m~Î
†Kvb wewµqv GKw`‡K msMwVZ nIqvi mgq †h cwigvY Zv‡ci cwieZ©b N‡U wewµqvwU wecixZ w`‡K NUvi mgq Zv‡ci cwieZ©b GKB
ïay wPý wecixZ nq|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Example :
C  1 O 2  CO 2 , H  393kj lmol
2
CO 2  C  1 O 2 , H  393 kj lmol
2
Concept :†n‡mi
m~Î
‡Kvb ivmvqwbK wewµqvi mgxKiY‡K hw` `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK av‡ci mgxKi‡Yi †hvMdj wn‡m‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq Z‡e †gvU wewµqvq Zv‡ci
cwieZ©b avc¸‡jvi Zv‡ci cwieZ©‡bi mgvb n‡e|
Example :
m~Îg‡Z H1  H 2  H 3

†nm Gi m~‡Îi Example

Kve©b Gi `nb wewµqv

(i) C  O 2  CO 2 , H  394kj / mol
GB mgxKiY‡K wb‡Pi `y‡Uv mgxKi‡Yi †hvMdj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq 
1
(ii) C  O2  CO , H 1  111kj / mol
2
(iii) CO  1 O 2  CO 2 , H 2  283kj / mol
2
m~Îg‡Z, H  H1  H 2 =  111 283 =  394 kj / mol
`nb Gb_vjwc ev `nb Zvc
`nb wewµqv (Combustion Reaction) t †h wewµqvq †Kvb 1.0 †gvj †gŠj ev †hŠM Aw·‡Rb-Gi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c RvwiZ nq
Zv‡K D³ †gŠj ev †hŠ‡Mi `nb wewµqv ejv n|
wb‡gœv³ wewµqvmg~n h_vµ‡g C, H 2 Ges CH 4 -Gi `nb wewµqv:

Cs   O2 g   CO 2 g H 2 g   O 2 g   2H 2Og  CH 4 g   2O2 g   CO 2 g   2H2Og 

1
2
cÖkgb Gb_vjwc (Enthalpy of Neutralization) t
1 mol H  aq  Ges 1mol OH  aq  Avq‡bi g‡a¨ wewµqvi gva¨‡g 1mol H 2 O l Drcbœ n‡j †h Gb_vjwc cwieZ©b nq,
Zv‡K cÖkgb Gb_vjwc ejv nq| cÖkgb Gb_vjwci gvb H  57.9kJmol 1 |
Question:wb‡æi †Kvb wewµqvwU cÖkgb Gb_vjwc,∆H neutral cÖKvk K‡i ?
A) H2SO4 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) → CaSO4 (aq) + 2H2O(l)
B) H2SO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) → (NH4)2SO4 (aq)
C) HCl (aq) +½ Ca(OH)2 (aq) → ½CaCl2 (aq) + H2O(l)
D) 2HCl (aq) +Ca (OH)2 (aq) →CaCl2 (aq) +2H2O (l) Ans: (C)

GbUªwc

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

GbUªwc gv‡b wewµqK ev Drcv‡`i w¯’wZkxjZv eySvq|

 KwVb Ae¯’vq wewµqK ev Drcv` me‡P‡q †ewk w¯’wZkxj _v‡K weavq ZLb GbUªwc Kg‡e
 KwVb Gi †P‡q Zij Ae¯’v Kg w¯’wZkxj _vKvq Zvi GbUªwc KwVb Gi †P‡q †ewk n‡e
KwVb I Zi‡ji †P‡q M¨vm Gi w¯’wZkxj Kg nIqvq ,M¨v‡mi GbUªwc evo‡e
Question: ‡Kvb wewµqvq G›Uªwci gvb ev‡o?
(A) 2C(s)  O 2 (g)  2CO(g) (B) 2H 2S(g)  SO 2 (g)  3S(s)  2H 2 O(g)
(C) 4Fe(s)  3O 2 (g)  2Fe 2 O 3 (s) (D) CO (g)  2H 2 (g)  CH 3 OH(I) DËi: A

wewµqv Zvc wbY©q

wewµqv Zvc = wewµqK mg~‡ni ‡gvU eÜb kw³  Drcv`mg~‡ni †gvU eÜb kw³ [GB bxwZ M¨vmxq mg‡hvRx AYyi cÖ‡hvR¨]
Example : 2H 2  O 2  2H 2 O
H  H, O  O Ges O  H Gi eÜbkw³i gvb h_vµ‡g 436 kjmol 1 , 496 kj mol 1 Ges 463 kjmol 1 n‡j wewµqvwUi wewµqv
Zvc I cvwbi MVb Zvc KZ?
Solve 2 AYyi cvwbi wewµqv Zvc = (2wU H – H Gi kw³ + 1wU O = O Gi kw³)- (4wU O – H Gi kw³)
wewµqv Zvc = 2  436  496  (4  463) = 484 kj mol 1

 lmol cvwbi MVb Zvc   484  242 kj mol 1

2
MVb Zvc wbY©q

Example : Kve©‡bi `nbZvc  393.4 kj / mol Ges CO Gi RviY Zvc  283 JK n‡j Kve©b †_‡K CO Drcv`‡bi Zvc KZ?

Solve : i) C  O 2  CO 2 , H  393 kj ii) CO  1 O 2  CO 2 , H  283 kj

2
wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e C  1 O 2  CO
2
(i)  (ii )  C  O 2  CO  1 O 2  O  C  1 O 2  C O
2 2
 MVb Zvc  393  (283) =  110.4 kj lmol Ans.
Question:wb‡gœi wewµqvi cÖgvY wewµqv Gb_vjwc, H R KZ? Kve©b (C), nvB‡Wªv‡Rb (H 2 ) Ges B‡_b (C2 H 6 ) Gi cÖgvY `nb Zvc
HC
h_vµ‡g-394-286, Ges-1561 kJ mol-1|2C+3H2C2H6
A) H R = -394-286 +156 kJ mol-1 B) H R = -1561-(2-394) – (3x-286) kJ mol-1
C) H R = -1561+394+286 kJ mol-1 D) H R = (2x-394)+(3x-286)-(-1561) kJ mol-1 Ans: C

fqwµqvi m~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM

mgm¨Ë¡ mvg¨e¯’v t
(i) H 2 I I 2 Gi g‡a¨ D”PZvcgvÎvq M¨vmxq wewµqv t H 2 (g )  I 2 (g) 2HI ( g )

GB wewµqvi Kc 
HI 
2
Ges kp 
PHI 2
H 2  I 2  PH2  PI2

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
(ii) C 2 H 5 OH (  )  CH 3COOH (l ) CH 3 COC 2 H 5 ()  H 2 O() mgm¨Ë¡ mvg¨e¯’vq hw` †Kvb wewµqK ev Drcv` KwVb
c`v_© ev weï× Zij nq Z‡e Zvi NbgvÎv ev Zvi ev‡®úq AvswkK Pvc aªæeK|
myZivs GB wewµqvwUi me¸‡jv Ae¯’v Zij e‡j Gi kc Ges kp Gi gvb aªæeK Ges †Kvb mgxKiY cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e bq|
AmgmË¡ mvg¨e¯’v
AmgmË¡ mvg¨e¯’vq hw` †Kvb wewµqK ev Drcv` KwVb c`v_© ev weï× Zij nq, Z‡e Zvi NbgvÎv ev Zvi ev‡®úi AvswkK Pvc aªæeK n‡e|
myZivs wewµqvi mvg¨e¯’v aªæe‡Ki ivwkgvjvq GB wewµqK ev Drcv` Gi NbgvÎv aªæeK aiv hvq|
kp Gi ivwkgvjvq Gme wewµq‡Ki ev Drcv‡`i AvswkK Pvc aªæeK a‡i ‡bqv hvq|
Example : 3Fe ( s )  4H 2 O(g ) Fe3O4 (s)  4H 2 (g)
GB wewµqvi,

 Fe3O4  H 2 
4
 Fe3 O4   aª eK Ges  H2 
4
P  4

 KC   KC  Ges K p 
H2
 Fe
Fe3  H 2O 4   aª eK  H 2 O 4 PH2 O  4

Example : CaCO 4 (s ) CaO (s)  CO 2 (g)

GB wewµqvq K C 
CaO  CO2   Ca CO3   aª eK Ges 
 K C  CO 2  Ges K P  Pco2
Ca CO3   Ca O  aª æeK 
Question: gviKvix II A·vBW Zv‡c wb‡gœi wewµqv Abymv‡i fv½‡j G cÖwµqvwUi mvg¨vsK‡K wKfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq
2HgO (s) 2Hg (1)  O2 (g)
[ Hg ]2 [O 2 ] [Hg ][O2 ]
A) K  2 B) K  [HgO ] C) K  [Hg ][O2 ] D) K  [O2 ] DËi :D
[ HgO ]
mviYx t K‡qKwU wewµqvi mvg¨e¯’v aªæe‡Ki ivwkgvjv I GKK
wewµqv mvg¨e¯’v aªæeK n mvg¨ve¯’v aªæe‡KiGKK
H2 g   I2 g   2HI g  PHI  2 0 GKKwenxb
Kp 
PH 2  PI 2
CH 3COOH l  C2H5OHl  Kp=1 0 GKKwenxb
CH 3COOC 2 H 5 l  H 2Ol
PCl 5 g   PCl 3 g   Cl 2 g  PPCl 3  PCl 2 1 atm
Kp 
PPCl 5
N 2 g   3H 2 g   2 NH3 g  P 2 NH 3 -2 atm2
Kp 
PN 2  P3H 2

Kc-Gi Kp-Gi GKK

NbgvÎvi GKK mol L1 n‡j K c -Gi GKK n‡e mol L1  c  d a  b

ev mol L1 
n
|
Pv‡ci GKK atm n‡j K p -Gi GKK n‡e atm  ev atm n | n nj mylg mgxKiY Abyhvqx m¤§yLeZ©x wewµqvq AYy msL¨v
c  d a  b

e„w×| cybivq GUvI j¶Yxq †h K c Ges K p -Gi gvb NbgvÎv I Pvc-Gi GK‡Ki Dci wbf©ikxj|  K c Ges K p -Gi Rb¨ h_vµ‡g

mol L 
1 n
Ges atm  GKK e¨envi Kiv n‡e| K c Ges K p -Gi gv‡b †Kvb GKK D‡jøL Kiv bv _vK‡j a†i wb‡Z n‡e †h G‡`i
n

gvb wnmve Kivi Rb¨ NbgvÎv I Pv‡ci h_vµ‡g mol L1 Ges atm GKK e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Question: wb‡æi wewµqvi mvg¨aªæeK Kc Gi mwVK GKK †KvbwU?
w(aq)+2x(aq)=2y(aq)+3z(aq)
A) mol dm-3 B) mol2dm-6 C) mol-1 dm3 D) mol-2dm6 DËi t B.

jv-k¨v‡Uwj‡qi bxwZ
mvg¨e¯’vq Aew¯’Z †Kvb ivmvqwbK wm‡÷g Gi wbqvgK (mshyw³ ev NbgvÎv, Pvc, ZvcgvÎv Ges wbw®Œq Dcv`vb ms‡hvM) cwieZ©b Kiv n‡j
mvg¨e¯’v Ggbfv‡e m‡i hv‡e ev ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡e, hv‡Z cwieZ©bwUi cÖfve K‡g hvq|
NbgvÎvi cÖfve/mshyw³i cwieZ©b
Pcl5 Pcl3  Cl 2
 ‡Kvb wewµqK ev Drcv` †hvM Kiv n‡j ev wewµqv gva¨g †_‡K mwi‡q wb‡j mshyw³ cwiewZ©Z n‡e|
 hw` Dc‡ii wewµqvq Pcl5 †hvM Kiv nq Z‡e mvg¨e¯’v Wvb w`‡K ev Drcv‡`i w`‡K ¯’vbvš—wiZ n‡e|
 hw` wewµqvq Cl 2 †hvM Kiv nq Z‡e mvg¨e¯’v evg w`‡K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡e|
 Pcl3 AcmviY Kiv n‡j wewµqv Wvb w`‡K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡e|

Pv‡ci cÖfve
 †h me wewµqvq wewµqK I Drcv`mg~n M¨vmxq Ges wewµqvi d‡j AvqZb cwiewZ©Z nq ïay Zv‡`i †¶‡Î mvg¨e¯’vq Pv‡ci cÖfve i‡q‡Q|
N2  H2
2 NH 3( g ) 2 NO 2 (g ) N 2 O4 (g)
(g) ()
 1g wewµqvq Pv‡ci cÖfve cwijw¶Z n‡e bv wKš‘ nq wewµqvq Pv‡ci cÖfve i‡q‡Q|
 M¨vmxq mvg¨wewµqvq Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j mvg¨e¯’vq wewµqK Dcv`vbmg~‡ni AvqZb K‡g hvq Ges wewµqv †m w`‡K m‡i hvq|
 wewµq‡Ki †gvj msL¨v Drcv‡`i Zzjbvq †ewk n‡j Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j wewµqv Wvbw`‡K hv‡e
 hw` wewµq‡Ki †gvj msL¨v Drcv‡`i Zzjbvq Kg nq Zvn‡j Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j wewµqv evg w`‡K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡e| †gvj msL¨v
mgvb n‡j Pv‡ci †Kvb cÖfve †bB|
mxgve×Zv
‡Kvb wewµqvq KwVb Zij Ges M¨vm _vK‡j †m †¶‡Î ïaygvÎ M¨v‡mi †gvj msL¨v MYbv Kiv n‡e KviY M¨v‡mi Zzjbvq KwVb I Zij c`v‡_©i
ms‡KvPb bMb¨|
Example : CH 4 ( g )  2O 2 ( g ) CO 2( g )  2H 2 O (  )
AvcvZfv‡e wewµqvi †gvj msL¨v mgvb †`Lv ‡M‡jI cÖK…Zc‡¶ ïaygvÎ Pv‡ci cÖfve M¨vmxq Ae¯’vq wbYx©Z nq|
Dc‡ii wewµqvq wewµq‡Ki M¨vmxq †gvj msL¨v I Ges Dcv‡`i †gvj msL¨v 1 myZivs Pvc e„w× Ki‡j wewµqv mvg‡bi w`‡K hv‡e|
ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve t
Zvc Drcv`x wewµqvq ZvcgvÎv e„w× Kiv n‡j wewµqv evg w`‡K hvq|Zvcnvix wewµqvq ZvcgvÎv e„w× Kiv n‡j wewµqv Wvb w`‡K hvq|
Question: wb‡¤œi †Kvb wewµqvi Pvc e„w×i d‡j mvg¨ve¯’vq Drcv‡`i cwigvY e„w× cvq?
A) H2(g)+Br2(g)  2HBr(g) B) 2NO2(g)+7H2(g)  2NH3(g)+4H2O(g)
C) CO2(g)+C(S)  2CO(g) D) CaCO3(S)  CaO(S)+CO2(g) Ans. B.
Question: H2+CI2  2HCI+44KCal mgxKiYwU we‡ePbv Ki| wb‡Pi †Kvb KvRwU GB wewµqvi mvg¨ve¯’v‡K Drcv‡`i w`‡K mwi‡q
†`‡e|
A) H2 †hvM Kiv n‡j B) CI2 mwi‡q wb‡j C) HCl †hvM Kiv n‡j D) ZvcgvÎv e„w× Kiv n‡j Ans. A

A¤ø-¶vi m¤úwK©Z gZev`

GwmW I ¶viK m¤ú‡K© Avi‡nwbqv‡mi ZË¡ (Arrhenius’s Theory of Acids and Bases) :

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

 ‡h mg¯Í †hŠM `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z n‡q H Avqb Drcbœ K‡i Zviv A¤ø ev GwmW, Avi
 ‡h mg¯Í †hŠM `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z n‡q OH  Avqb Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡`i‡K ¶viK e‡j|
GwmW I ¶vi‡Ki eªb‡÷W †jŠix aviYv (Bronsted-Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases):
 ‡h mg¯Í †hŠM ev Avqb †cÖvUb H   `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡`i‡K A¤ø ev GwmW ejv nq; Avi
 ‡h mg¯Í †hŠM ev AvqY †cÖvUb H   MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i‡K ¶viK ejv nq|
A¤ø-¶vi m¤úwK©Z jyBm Gi B‡j±ªbxq gZev`(Lewis electronic theory on acids and bases):
B‡j±ªbxq KvVv‡gvi Dci wfwË K‡i jyBm Gi cÖ`Ë gZev`wU GwmW ¶viK m¤úwK©Z me©vaywbK gZev` G gZev` Abymv‡i-
GwmW : †h c`v_© Ab¨ c`v_„ †_‡K GK †Rvov B‡j±ªb MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i ZviB bvg GwmW|
¶viK : GK †Rvov B‡j±ªb `v‡b m¶g c`v_©‡K ¶viK e‡j|
Gwm‡Wi kw³kvjxZv wbY©q

Dissociation Constant (we‡qvRb aªæeK)

we‡qvRb gv‡b n‡”Q †Kvb †hŠM‡K `ªe‡Y K¨vUvqb I A¨vbvq‡b wef³ Kiv|
‡h GwmW hZ kw³kvjx n‡e Zvi we‡qvRb aªæe‡Ki gvb ZZ †ewk n‡e|
`~e©j Gwm‡Wi we‡qvRb aªæe‡Ki gvb Kg nq|
Example: HCl   H+ + Cl-
H 2O
H2SO4   H++SO42-
H 2O
HNO3 → H+ + NO3-
Dc‡ii GwmW¸‡jv‡K `ªe‡Y we‡qvwRZ Ki‡j Giv 100% we‡qvwRZ nq e‡jB Giv kw³kvjx GwmW| wKš‘
CH3COOH → CH3COO-+H+ H2CO3 → CO32- + H+
Dc‡ii GwmW¸‡jv `ªe‡Y gvÎ 5% we‡qvwRZ nq e‡jB we‡qvRb aªæeK Kg Ges Giv `~e©j GwmW|
‰Re Gwm‡Wi †¶‡Î:
 CH 3 COOH , ClCH 2 COOH , Cl 2 CHCOOH , Ccl 3  COOH Gi g‡a¨ kw³kvjx A¤­ †KvbwU n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i
wbw®ŒqKvix g~j‡Ki msL¨vi Dci hvi g‡a¨ hZ AwaK wbw®ŒqKvixg~jK hy³ n‡e †m ZZ Zvi w`‡K B‡j±ªb Uvb‡e d‡j COOH Gi (
 O  H) eÜb `~e©j n‡e Ges †cÖvUb †Q‡o w`‡e Ges A¤øxq ag© cÖ`k©b Ki‡e
 wbw®ŒqKvixg~jK   ka  A¤øxq
 CH 3 COOH , CH 3 CH 2 COOH . CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH Gi g‡a¨ kw³kvjxZv wbf©i Ki‡e mwµqKvix g~j‡Ki Dci|
mwµqKvixg~jK hZ e„w× cv‡e (COOH) gyj‡K B‡j±ªb NbZ¡ evo‡e d‡j †cÖvUb Z¨vM Kiv KwVb n‡q co‡e Ges A¤øZ¡ n«vm cvq|
 mwµqKvixg~jK   ka   A¤øxq   ¶vixq
¶vi‡Ki †¶‡Î: MÖæc I ¶vi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ AvKvi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ K¨vUvq‡bi mv‡_ OH e܇bi AvKl©Y n«vm cvq d‡j mn‡R OH   g~jK
`vb K‡i Ges AwaK ¶vixq ag© cÖ`k©b K‡i|
Example : LiOH, NaOH, KOH, CsOH Gi g‡a¨ CsOH me‡P‡q ¶vixq

‡K›`ªxq cigvYyi RviY msL¨v

†K›`ªxq cigvYyi RviY msL¨v AwaKZi n‡j GB cigvYy O  H e܇bi B‡jKUªb †gN‡K wb‡Ri w`‡K †U‡b wb‡Z PvB‡e, hvi d‡j GB
eÜbwU `ye©jZi n‡e Ges †cÖvwUb `vb mnRZi n‡e| d‡j Gwm‡Wi ZxeªZv AwaKZi n‡e|
wb‡gœi mviYx‡Z K‡qKwU Aw·-GwmW‡K Zv‡`i ZxeªZvi µg Abymv‡i mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GB µ‡g RviY msL¨vi mgvšÍivj e„w× j¶Yxq|
1 2 3 4 6 7
H C lO  H 2 N O 2  H N O 2  H 2 S O3  H 2 S O 4  H C lO 4

‡K›`ªxq cigvYyi AvKvi

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Aw·-GwmWmg~‡n †K›`ªxq cigvYyi AvKvi hZ †QvU nq, O  H e܇bi B‡jKUªb †gN-†K cÖfvweZ Kivi ¶gZv ZZ †ewk nq| myZivs
ZxeªZv ZZ †ewk nq|
¶z`ªZvi †K›`ªxq cigvYyi Rb¨ HIO4 †_‡K HClO 4 , H 3 PO 4 †_‡K HNO 3 Ges H 2SeO 4 †_‡K H 2SO 4 ZxeªZi|
Question: wb‡gœi †Kvb GwmwWwUi pk a Gi gvb me‡P‡q †ewk?
(A) CH 3 COOH (B) Cl 2 CHCOOH (C) ClCH 2 COOH (D) C 6 H 5 COOH DËi t D.
PH µg

 P H Gi DaŸ©µg n‡”Q P H Gi gvb µgvš^‡q e„w× cvIqv|

me‡P‡q Kg P H nq Zxeª Gwm‡Wi Ges me‡P‡q †ewk P H nq Zxeª ¶vi‡Ki|
P H Gi DaŸ©µg tkw³kvjx GwmW, g„`y GwmW, A¤øxq jeY, wbi‡c¶ jeY/`ªeY ¶vixq jeY, g„`y ¶viK, Zxeª ¶viK
Example : KNO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Cu ( NO 3 ) 2 , H 2 CO 3 , HNO 3 , NH 4 OH , KOH Gi P H DaŸ©µg wjL|
Solve : HNO 3 , H 2 CO 3 , C u ( NO 3 ) 2 , KNO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , NH 4 OH, KOH
wewfbœ je‡Yi A¤øxqZv I ¶vixqZv wbY©q

A¤øxqZv t †h mKj jeY mej GwmW Ges `~e©j ¶vi n‡Z Drcbœ nq Zviv A¤øxq|
 
mn‡R g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ t †h mKj je‡Yi A¨vbvqb ïaygvÎ X  , NO3  , SO4 2 n‡e Zv‡`i je‡Yi P H Gi gvb 7 Gi †P‡q Kg
Ges jeYwU A¤øxq , Example : NH 4Cl , AgNO3 , Fecl3 , Cu SO4
¶vixqZv t †h mKj jeY mej ¶viK Ges `ye©j A¤ø †_‡K Drcbœ nq Zviv ¶vixq|
mn‡R g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ t †h mKj je‡Yi K¨vUvqb ïaygvÎ MÖæc I Ges MÖæc II Gi ‡gvj n‡e Zv‡`i je‡Yi P H Gi gvb 7 Gi †ewk Ges
jeYwU ¶vixq|
Example : K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , HCOOK , Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2
wbi‡c¶ t †h mKj jeY mej GwmW I mej ¶viK ‡_‡K Drcbœ nq ZvivB wbi‡c¶|
 
mn‡R g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ t †h mKj je‡Yi K¨vUvqb MÖæc I I II MÖæc Gi †gvj Ges A¨vbvqb X  , NO3  , SO4 2 Avqb n‡j je‡Yi
P H  7 n‡e Ges wbi‡c¶|
Example : Nacl, KNO 3 , C s NO 3 , Na 2SO 4
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe‡Yi pH 7.0 A‡c¶v †ekx?
A. 0.01M NaCl B.0.01 M CH3COOH C. 0.01 M Na2CO3 D.0.01 M NH4Cl DËi t C.

Zxeª GwmW I `~e©j Gwm‡Wi pH wbY©q

Zxeª Gwm‡Wi †¶‡Î: PH = - log [H+]
Example: 0.02M HNO3 Gwm‡Wi pH KZ?
Solve : pH=log [0.02] = 1.69
Ka
g„`y/ `~e©j Gwm‡Wi †¶‡Î:pH = - log[ C ]  nj we‡qvRb gvÎv ,  
C
Example: 0.01M CH3(OOH `ªe‡Yi pH KZ? we‡qvRb gvÎv 12%.
Solve : pH = - log (  C)[  =0.12], pH = log (0.12×0.01) = 2.92

evdvi
`ªeY
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
ïaygvÎ `~e©j GwmW ev `~e©j ¶vi‡Ki †¶‡ÎB evdvi `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvq|
A¤øxq evdvi `ªeY: `~e©j GwmW + H `~e©j Gwm‡Wi jeY|
Example:(i) HCOOH + HCOONa (ii) H2CO3 + NaHCO3
¶vixq evdvi `ªeY: `~e©j ¶vi + H ¶vi‡Ki jeY Example:NH4OH+NH4Cl
evdvi `ªeY ˆZwi Kivi wbqg

`~e©j GwmW Zxeª ¶v‡ii mv‡_ cÖ_‡g wewµqv K‡i H Gwm‡Wi ¶vi Drcbœ K‡i|
evdvi `ªe‡Yi †¶‡Î `~e©j Gwm‡Wi NbgvÎv I AvqZ‡bi cwigvY ¶v‡ii NbgvÎv I AvqZ‡bi cwigv‡Yi †P‡q ‡ewk n‡e|
Question: wb‡gœi wgkªY¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU evdi `ªeY?
A) 0.2 M 10 mL CH3COOH + 0.2M 10 mL NaOH B) 0.2 M 10 mL CH3COOH + 0.1 M 10 mL NaOH
C) 0.1 M 10 mL CH3COOH + 0.2 M 10 mL NaOH D) 0.1 M 10 mL HCl + 0.2 M 10 mL NaOH DËi t B
wb‡`©kK
ARvbv `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©kK e¨eüZ nq|
‡Kvb wb‡`©kK KLb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e
 Zxeª GwmW + g„`y ¶v‡ii UªvB‡Uªk‡b→A¤øxq wb‡`©kK e¨eüZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 g„`y GwmW + Zxeª ¶v‡ii UªvB‡Uªkb→ ¶vixq wb‡`©kK e¨eüZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Zxeª GwmW + Zxeª ¶v‡ii UªvB‡Uªk‡b→ wbi‡c¶ wb‡`©kK

‡h‡Kvb wb‡`©kK e¨envi Kiv hv‡e

GwmW ¶viK wb‡`©kK t hv wb‡R eY© cwieZ©‡bi Øviv wewµqvi †klwe›`y wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K GwmW-¶viK wb‡`©kK e‡j|
GwmW-¶vi D`vniY pH cwimi wb‡`©kK
Zxeª GwmW-
HCl – Na2CO3 3.0 – 6.5 wg_vBj A‡iÄ GÛ wg_vBj †iW
g„`y¨¶vi
g„`y¨ GwmW-
CH3COOH-NaOH 8.0-10.0 ‡dbj_¨vwjb
Zxeª ¶vi
Zxeª GwmW-
HCl – NaOH 3.0-10.0 me wb‡`©kK
Zxeª ¶vi
g„`y¨ GwmW-
CH3COOH-NH4OH O ‡Kvb wb‡`©kK †bB|
g„`y¨¶vi

Question: cUvwkqvg cvigv½v‡bU-‡mvwWqvg A·v‡jU UvB‡Uªk‡b wb‡¤œi †KvbwU Zzwg e¨envi Ki‡e?
A. methyl orange B. starch C. diphenylamine D. no indicator DËi t D

‡gŠwjK wewµqv
‡h me wewµqvq wewµqK AYyi g‡a¨ GKwU GKK msN‡l©i d‡j GKwU Ae¯’všÍi Ae¯’vwewkó AYy MwVZ nq, hvi fvOb ev cybwe©b¨v‡mi d‡j
Drcv` MwVZ nq, Zv‡`i‡K †gŠwjK wewµqv ejv nq|
GKwU ivmvqwbK wewµqv wbw`©ó avivevwnKZvq msNwUZ GKvwaK †gŠwjK wewµqvi gva¨‡g NU‡Z cv‡i| mwVK avivevwnKZvq GB †gŠwjK
wewµqvmg~‡ni ZvwjKv‡K ms‡¶‡c wewµqvwUi wewµqv †KŠkj ejv nq|
†gŠwjK avc¸‡jv‡Z wewµqK AYyi msN‡l©i Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv wewµqv †KŠk‡ji c~Y©v½ iƒc w`‡Z cv‡i|
‡h wewµqvi †e‡Mi gvb wewµq‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`v‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i Zv‡K †gŠwjK wewµqv e‡j|
Example: PCl3+Cl2→PCl5, V = K(PCl3)(Cl2) (ii) 2NO2+F2→2NO2F, V=K (NO2)(F2)

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

‡hŠwMK wewµqv

‡h wewµqvi †e‡Mi gvb cÖ‡Z¨KwU wewµq‡Ki Dci wbf©i K‡i bv †e‡Mi gvb wewµq‡Ki Ae¯’v †_‡K wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e bq Zv‡K ‡hŠwMK wewµqv
e‡j|
Example:NO2+CO→NO+CO2, V = K(NO2)2 ii) PCl3+Cl2→PCl5, V=K (PCl3)(Cl2)2
Question: wb‡¤œ PviwU wewµqvi cix¶vjä †eM mgxKiY †`qv nj| †Kvb wewµqvwU †gŠwjK wewµqv n‡Z cv‡i?
A. A+BP, V=k[A]2 B. C+DP, V=k[C][D]2 C. O+O2+N2O3+N2, V=k[O][O2][N2]
D. (CH3)3CCI+OH(CH3)3C-OH+OH, V=k[(CH3)3 CCI] DËit C.

AvYweK
Z¡
Ò‡Kvb †gŠwjK wewµqvi Ae¯’všÍi Ae¯’vi GKwU AYy †h KqwU wewµqK AYyi mgš^‡q MwVZ nq, Zv‡K H wewµqvi AvYweKZ¡ ejv nq|Ó

Concept:wewµqvi µg t wewµqK mv‡c‡¶ µg I †gvU µg

 ‡Kvb wewµqvi cix¶vjä MwZ mgxKi‡Y wewµqK ev Drcv‡`i NbgvÎvi NvZ‡K D³ wewµqK ev Drcv` mv‡c‡¶ wewµqvi µg (order)
ejv nq|
 †Kvb we‡kl wewµqK ev Drcv` mv‡c‡¶ wewµqvi µ‡gi gvb k~b¨ †_‡K 2 ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K Ges fMœvskI n‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î
µ‡gi gvb FbvZ¥KI n‡Z cv‡i|
 ‡Kvb wewµqvi wewfbœ wewµqK mv‡c‡¶ µgmg~‡ni †hvMdj‡K wewµqvi †gvU µg ejv nq|
mviYx G K‡qKwU wewµqvi cix¶vjä MwZ mgxKiY I †gvU µg Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj|
mviYx t K‡qKwU wewµqvi cix¶vjä MwZ mgxKiY I †gvU µg|
µwgK bs wewµqvi mgxKiY wewµqvi cix¶vjä MwZ mgxKiY ‡gvU µg
1 NO2 g   COg   NOg   CO2 g    kNO 2 
2
2

2 2NO2 g   F2 g   2NO2 Fg    kNO2 F2  2

3 2 N 2O5 g   2 N 2Og   O2 g    kN 2O5  1

4 Og   O2 g   N 2 g   O3 g   N 2 g    kO O2  N2  3

Concept:mwµqb kw³ (Activation energy of a Reaction)

*wewµqK Abymg~‡ni Mo kw³ Ges Ae¯’všÍi Ae¯’vi b~¨bZg †gvU kw³i e¨eavb‡K wewµqvi mwµqb kw³ ejv nq|
*b~¨bZg †h kw³i Rb¨ wewµqKmg~n Drcv‡` iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Zv‡K mwµqb kw³ e‡j|
Zvc Drcv`x wewµqv  mwµqbkw³ n«vm cvq  MwZ e„w× cvq Zvcnvix wewµqvq  mwµqbkw³ e„w× cvq  MwZ n«vm cvq
cÖfve :
 ZvcgvÎv e„w× Kiv n‡j mwµqb kw³ n«vm cvq Ges AwaK msL¨K wewµqK mwµq n‡q Drcv‡` iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
 cÖfveK †hvM Kiv n‡j mwµqb kw³ n«vm cvq| AwaK Drcv` Drcbœ nq|
1. ZvcgvÎv e„wׇZ wewµqvi nvi (rate of reaction) e„w×i KviY 
(A) msNl© msL¨v e„w× (B) mwµq AYyi msL¨v e„w× (C) mwµqb kw³ n«vm (D) mwµqb kw³ e„w× Ans : (C)

Concept:Avi‡nwbqvm
mgxKiY
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

10 o C ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j wewµqvi †eM (100-200)% e„w× cvq ev wewµqvi nvi 2-3 ¸Y e„w× cvq|
ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ wewµqvi nvi‡K Avi‡nwbqvm wbæiƒ‡ccÖKvk K‡ib
 Ea
K Ae RT

 ln k  ln A  Ea k = wewµqvi nvi aªæeK

RT
Ea = mwµqb kw³
 log k  log A  Ea . 1
2.303R T A = aªeK
ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ wewµqvi †eM aªæeK/nvi e„w× cvq Ges mwµqbkw³ n«vm cvq|

Mat
hth
Example :GKwU wewµqvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ZvcgvÎvq †eM aªæeK wewfbœgvb cvIqv †Mj| G †_‡K 1 ebvg log k ¯’vcb Ki‡j Zvi Xvj– 75
T
wewµqvi mwµqbkw³ KZ?
Solve log k  log A  Ea . 1 , Xvj =  Ea  75
2.303.R T 2.303 R
 Ea  1436.38 j (Ans)

cwi‡ekMZ imvqb

Topics:evqygÛ‡ji Dcv`vb

 evqygÛ‡ji GKwU mvgwMÖK AvqZwbK mshyw³ n‡jv 

bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ( N 2 )  78.09%, AviMb  0.80% ,Aw·‡Rb O 2   20.71% Ab¨vb¨ (wnwjqvg, wbqb, wµcUb, †Rbb, wg‡_b
I‡hvb I Rjxq ev®ú)  0.37%, Kve©b WvB A·vBW CO 2   0.03%
 evqygÛ‡j wewfbœ M¨vm, Rjxqev®ú Ges ˆRe-A‰Re KYv¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î A¨v‡ivmj (aerosol) e‡j| A¨v‡ivm‡j a~wjKYv, jeY, KwYKv,c‡jb
(pollen) Kqjvi ¸ov I †auvqv Av‡MœqwMwii QvB Dév f®§ cÖf„wZ _v‡K|
Topics:evqygÛ‡ji ¯Íi ev AÂj

ZvcgvÎvi G µgAbymv‡i c„w_exi Pvicv‡ki evqygÛj‡K PviwU ¯Í‡i wef³ Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. Uª‡cvgÛj (Troposphere) 2.÷ªv‡UvgÛj (Stratosphere)
3. ‡g‡mvgÛj (Mesosphere/lonosphere) 4.ZvcgÛj (Thermosphere/Exosphere)

Topics:evqygÛ‡ji wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii MVb I ZvcgvÎv

¯Íi D”PZvi we¯Í…wZ (wK.wg.) Dcw¯’Z Dcv`vb ZvcgvÎv (0 ‡m.)

Uª‡cvgÛj 0  18 N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , Ar , H 2 O 15 †_‡K  56
÷ªv‡UvgÛj 18  50 O3  56 †_‡K  2
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
‡g‡mvgÛj 50  85 O 2 , NO  2 †_‡K  92
ZvcgÛj 85  500 O 2 , O, NO  92 †_‡K 1200

Concept: c`v‡_©i KYvi wewfbœ ai‡bi MwZ

c`v‡_©i KYvi wZb ai‡bi MwZ m¤¢e t (K) ¯’vbvšÍi MwZ (L) K¤úb MwZ (M) N~Y©b MwZ|
 K¤úb MwZ c`v‡_©i wZbwU Ae¯’vqB m¤¢e
 ¯’vbvšÍi MwZ Zij I M¨vmxq Ae¯’vq GB ai‡bi MwZ m¤¢e
 N~Y©b ev AveZ©b MwZ †KejgvÎ M¨vmxq Ae¯’vq m¤¢e|
 KwVb I Zij Ae¯’vq AYy¸‡jvi g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ Aí _vKvi Ki‡Y N~Y©b m¤¢e nq bv|
 N~Y©b ev AveZ©b MwZ †Kej AvYweK c`v‡_©i †ejvq m¤¢e| †mLv‡b fi‡K‡›`ªi ga¨ w`‡q MgbKvix A‡¶i Pvicv‡k AYyi cigvYy¸‡jvi
AveZ©b N‡U Ges fi‡K›`ª w¯’i _v‡K| GB ai‡bi MwZ †KejgvÎ M¨vmxq Ae¯’vq m¤¢e| KwVb I Zij Ae¯’vq AYy¸‡jvi g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ Aí
_vKvi Ki‡Y N~Y©b m¤¢e nq bv|
Example: wb‡gœi †Kvb e¯‘i KYv¸‡jvi ïaygvÎ K¤úb MwZ i‡q‡Q?
Nacl(s) B) H2O(l) C) CO2 (g) D)H2(g) DËi: A

Concept:MÖvnv‡gi m~Î (Grahma’s Law)

e¨vcb m~Î:Òw¯’i ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c M¨v‡mi e¨vc‡bi nvi Zv‡`i Nb‡Z¡i eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|Ó
1
d NbZ¡wewkó M¨v‡mi e¨vc‡bi nvi r n‡j, r
d
m PM RT
Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY Abyhvqx M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ nj d   ( M = AvYweK fi, m = fi) r
V RT PM
A_©vr Òw¯’i ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kvb M¨v‡mi e¨vc‡i nvi Zvi AvYweK f‡ii eM©g~‡ji e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK|ÓmyZivs
1
MÖvn‡gi m~Î wbgœiƒ‡c eY©bv Kiv hvqt r , hw` P Ges T w¯’i _v‡K| AvYweK fi hZ Kg n‡e e¨vcb nvi ZZ †ekx
M
ra Mb
GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c `y‡Uv M¨vm a Ges b Gi GKB gva¨‡g e¨vc‡bi nvi ra Ges rb n‡j, 
rb Ma

Concept:Abye¨vcb m~Î

1846 mv‡j MÖvnvg M¨v‡mi Abye¨vc‡bi m~Î cÖKvk K‡ib| cix¶vi gva¨‡g wZwb cÖwZwôZ K‡ib †h †Kvb cvÎ †_‡K m~² wQ`ª w`‡q M¨v‡mi
Abe¨vc‡bi nvi M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ ev AvYweK f‡ii eM©g~‡ji e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK|
GB nvi Aek¨ M¨v‡mi Pvc, ZvcgvÎv Ges wQ‡`ªi AvKv‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i|
mgvb ZvcgvÎvq mgvb Pv‡c GKB wQ`ª w`‡q `y‡Uv M¨v‡mi Abye¨vc‡bi nv‡ii AbycvZ Zv‡`i AvYweK f‡ii Abycv‡Zi eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK,
A_©vr e¨vc‡bi mgxKiY Abye¨vc‡bi Rb¨I cÖ‡hvR¨|
Concept:AvswkK Pvc (Partial Pressure)

‡Kvb wgkÖ‡Y GKvwaK wewµqvnxb M¨v‡mi g‡a¨ GKwU M¨vm cv‡Îi †`Iqv‡ji Dci GKKfv‡e †h Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e Zv‡K H M¨v‡mi AvswkK
Pvc e‡j|
cixÿv : †Kvb cv‡Î, A, B, C. wZbwU M¨vm Av‡Q| A M¨v‡mi AvswkK Pvc PA = A M¨v‡mi †gvj fMœvsk  ‡gvU Pvc ,

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
NA
PA= †gvU Pvc[ NA+NB+NC Ges †gvU Pvc mKj M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡ÎB GKB]
NA  NB  NC
fi
myZivs PA  NA [†gvj msL¨v  ]
AvbweK fi
‡h †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvswkK Pvc †gvj msL¨vi Dci wbf©i Ki‡e| †gvj msL¨v evo‡j Pvc evo‡e|
Example : wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc m‡e©v”P?
A) 28gmN 2 B) 64gmO2 C) 2gmH 2 D) 4 gmHe Ans : B

Concept:RMS ‡eM /Abyi MwZ

3RT
‡h †Kvb M¨v‡mi Abyi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq wb‡gv³ mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨- C 
M
Dc‡iv³ mgxKi‡Yi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ AvbweK fi (M) cwieZ©bkxj evwK meB aªæeK|
1
myZivs C  AvbweKfi hZ Kg n‡e e¨vcb nvi ZZ †ekx n‡e|
M
Example : ‡Kvb Abyi MwZ mevwa©K? A)N2 B) O2 C) He D) H2 Ans : D

Mo MwZkw³(Kinetic Energy)

‡h †Kvb M¨v‡mi Mo MwZkw³ wbY©q Kiv nq wb‡¤œv³ mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨-

3 3
Ek  nRT = nKT
2 2
Dc‡iv³ mgxKi‡Yi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ †gvj msL¨v cwieZ©bkxj n  evwK meB aªæeK|
myZivs Ek  n ,†gvj msL¨v hZ †ekx n‡e Mo MwZkxj ZZ †ekx n‡e|
Example : †Kvb M¨v‡mi Mo MwZkw³ me©vwaK
(A) 2gmH 2 B) 32gmO2 C) 4 gmHe D) None Ans : D

Concept:A¨vgvMv eµ(Amagat Curve)

 M¨v‡mi AvPiY eySvi Rb¨ w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq cix¶vjä DcvË Øviv AswKZ PV / nRT ebvg P eµ-Gi cªK…wZ cix¶v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
GB eµ A¨vgvMvU (Amagat) eµ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
 †h‡nZz Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY Abyhvqx w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq PV  nRT = aªæeK, ZvB Av`k© AvPiY wb‡`©wkZ n‡e P -A‡¶i mgvšÍivj GKwU
†iLv Øviv|
 wPÎ 1. K-†Z GB AvPiY †`Lvb n‡q‡Q| He, N2, O2, H2, CO2, NH3 mn A‡bK M¨v‡mi †ejvqB K¶ ZvcgvÎvq 0  1atm Pvc
†i‡Ä GB ai‡Yi AvPiY j¶ Kiv hv‡e|
 wKš‘ Pv‡ci D”Pgvb ~ 1000 atm  ch©šÍ cix¶v Kiv n‡j GB e‡µi cÖK…wZ wfbœ iKg cvIqv hvq, hv wPÎ 2. L-†Z †`Lvb n‡q‡Q| Pvc
e„w×i mv‡_ PV / nRT -Gi gvb cÖ_‡g K‡g GKwU b~¨bZg gv‡b †cŠuQvq, Zvici evo‡Z _v‡K|
* wbw®Œq M¨v‡mi Av`k© AvPiY †_‡K M¨v‡mi wePz¨wZ me‡P‡q Kg|* AvYweK fi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ wePz¨wZ e„w× cvq|
myZivs me M¨vm‡KB ev¯Íe M¨vm ev real gas e‡jB wPwýZ Kiv hyw³m½Z| we‡kl Ae¯’vq Zviv Av`k© AvPiY cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡i gvÎ|
5. wb‡Pi †Kvb M¨vmwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ag© †_‡K †ekx wePy¨Z? (2010-11)

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
A) Hcl B) He C) CH 4 D) N 2 Ans. A

Concept:M¨v‡mi Av`k© AvPiY

Av`k© M¨v‡mi cÖavb ˆewkó n‡”Q:
 M¨vm Aby¸‡jvi wbR¯^ AvqZb Zv‡`i Øviv `LjK…Z AvqZ‡bi Zzjbvq bMb¨
 M¨vm AYy¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK AvKl©Y Abycw¯’Z|
1
 D”P ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb e„w× cvq| V  T Ges wbgœPv‡c †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb e„w× cvq| P
v
 D”P ZvcgvÎvq I wbgœPv‡c ev¯Íe M¨vm Av`k© M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i| wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb n«vm cvq Ges M¨vm Abymg~‡ni
g‡a¨ AvKl©Y e„w× cvq Ges M¨vmg~n ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i|D”PPv‡c M¨v‡mi AvqZb n«vm cvq Ges ZLb Zv‡`i GKwU wbR¯^
AvqZb _v‡K Ges ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi ˆewkó¨ jvf K‡i| myZivs wbgœZvcgvÎvq I D”PPv‡c Av`k© M¨vmg~n ev¯Íe M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i.
Example: ‡Kvb Ae¯’vq Av`k© AvPiY n‡Z GKwU M¨v‡mi me‡P‡q †ekx wePz¨wZ N‡U?
A) High temperature and low pressure B) Low temperature and low pressure
C) High temperature and high pressure D) Low temperature and high pressure DËi: D
ˆRe imvq‡bi m~Pbv

Topics:Kvh©Kixg~j
K
Concept:‰Re †hŠ‡Mi bvgKi‡Yi wbqg
kZ© t i) `xN© wkKj wbwðZKiY|
ii ) cvk¦© wkK‡ji †¶‡Î †hw`K †_‡K C msL¨v Kg n‡e †mw`K †_‡K MYbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
iii ) GKvwaK n¨v‡jv‡Rb MÖæ‡ci †¶†Î eY©gvjvi µg Abymv‡i cÖavb¨ cv‡e|
iv) CHO, COOH g~j‡Ki †¶‡Î memgq 1 bs C aiv nq|
v) GKvwaK Kvh©Kix g~j‡Ki †¶‡Î AMÖvwaKvi µg Abymv‡i cÖavb¨ cv‡e
vi) wjLvi‡¶Î Bs‡iRx eY©gvjvi Dc‡ii †gŠj‡K memgq cÖ_‡g wjL‡Z n‡e|
(i)  `xN© wkKj Abymv‡i 7 Kve©b Gi †hŠM
2 3 4
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻3

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2− 𝐶𝐻3

1 5 6 7
B_vBj I wg_vBj Gi †¶‡Î B_vBj Giµg wg_vBj †P‡q AMÖMY¨ ZvB, 4  B_vBj  2  wg_vBj †n‡Þb

Concept:‰Re †hŠ‡Mi A¨v‡iv‡gwUK †hŠ‡Mi bvgKi‡Yi wbqg

t
‡ebwR‡bi wØ ev wÎ cÖwZ¯’vwcZ ‡hŠ‡Mi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi µg Abyhvqx Dc‡ii g~jK‡K 1 bs C aiv nq|
Example :
 CHO
C CH2CH3 NH2  CO
NO2 NO2 CH3  OH
 NH 2
NO2
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুকCHপেগজ
2CH3 C C
(https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd )
NO F
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
2
C C
X
 NO2
R
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene 4-Ethyl-1-Fluro-2-nitrobenzene3-Ethyl-2-methyl-aniline

Question:IUPAC c×wZ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi †hŠMwUi bvgÑ
Br
NO

Cl

A. 1-bromo-4-chloro-2-nitro benzeneB. 1-chloro-3-nitro-4-bromo benzene

C. 1-nitro-2-bromo-5-chloro benzeneD. 1-chloro-2-bromo-4-nitro benzene DËi: A
Concept:eÜb wefvRb

mylg wefvRb

eÜb fv½vi mgq hw` eÜbhy³ Dfq cigvYy GK †Rvov B‡j±ªb n‡Z GKwU GKwU K‡i B‡j±ªb mgvbfv‡e fvM K‡i †bq Zv‡K e܇bi mylg
wefvRb e‡j|
‡hgb t A: B→A.+B. mylg wefvR‡bi d‡j wd« i¨vwW‡Kj Drcbœ nq| cÖ‡cb †_‡K `ywU wd«-i¨vwWK¨vj †hgb- B_vBj (C2H5) I wg_vBj
(CH3) wd«-i¨vwWK¨vj Drcbœ nq|
 G‡`i ¯’vwq‡Z¡iµgt 30 A¨vjKvBj>20 A¨vjKvBj>10

welg wefvRb
 eÜb fv½vi mgq hw` †kqviK…Z Dfq B‡j±ªb eÜbhy³ GKwU cigvYyi m‡½ P‡j Av‡m Ges Aci cigvYy †kqviK…Z B‡jKUª‡bi †Kvb
Ask bv cvq Z‡e Zv‡K e܇bi welg wefvRb e‡j|
Kve©vbqvg Avqbmg~‡ni ¯’vwqZ¡µg t CH3>:CH2R>:CHR2>:CR3
Kv‡e©vK¨vUvqb Avqbmg~‡ni ¯’vwqZ¡µg t+CR3>+CHR2>+CH2R> CH3
Question: wb‡gœi †KvbwU me‡P‡q ¯’vqx Kv‡e©v-K¨vUvqb?
(A) H 3C  (B) (CH 3 ) 2 HC  (C) H 3C  H 2 C  (D) (CH 3 ) 3 C  Ans : (D)
Concept:weKvi‡Ki aiY

B‡j±ªb Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi wfwˇZ weKviK cÖavYZ `y&B cÖKvi h_v- B‡jKUªbvKlx© weKviK ev B‡jK‡UªvdvBj, ‡K›`ªvKlx© weKviK ev
wbDwK¬‡qvdvBj
B‡jKUªbvKlx© weKviK ev B‡jK‡UªvdvBj tGiv B‡jKUªb wcÖq KviY Giv wb‡Riv abvZ¥K ev G‡`i B‡j±ª‡bi Afve Av‡Q|
i. abvZ¥K B‡jK‡UªvdvBj t Kv‡e©vK¨vUvqb, abvZ¥K n¨v‡jvwRwbqvg Avqb Ges R+, Br+, H+, NO2+BZ¨vw`|
ii. cÖkg B‡jK‡UªvdvBj t (AóK Ac~Y© †hŠM)AlCl3, BF3, FeCl3, SO3 BZ¨vw`|
‡K›`ªvKlx© weKviK ev wbDwK¬‡qvdvBj tGiv wb‡Riv FbvZ¥K ZvB wbDwK¬qv‡mi cÖwZ AvKl©Y _v‡K|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
i. FYvZ¥K wbDwK¬IdvBj (Nu-) t Kve©vbvqb, n¨vjvBW Avqb, mvqvbvBW Avqb, nvBWª·vBW, A¨vjK·vBW cÖf„wZ FbvZ¥K Avqb| CN-, Cl-,
OH-, RO- BZ¨vw`|
ii. cÖkg wbDwK¬IdvBj (Nu) t (gy³ †Rvo B‡j±ªb wewkó¨) :NH3, H2O, ROH BZ¨vw`|
Question: wb‡gœi †hŠ¸‡jvi †KvbwU wbDwK¬IdvBj?

(A) H 2 O (B) AlCl 3 (C) NH 4  (D) CH 3 DËi: A

Concept:mgvYyZv

†hme †hŠ‡Mi AvYweK ms‡KZ GK I Awfbœ nIqv m‡Ë¡I G‡`i MvVwbK ms‡K‡Zi wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y Ges Abyw¯’Z cigvY~mg~‡ni wÎgvwÎK
web¨v‡mi wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y G‡`i †fŠZ I ivmvqwbK a‡g© cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq, †mme †hŠM‡K mgvby e‡j Ges Giƒc ag©‡K mgvbyZv ejv nq|
mgvYyZv cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi: A) MvVwbK B) Sterio isomerism
B) †÷wiI mgvYyZv t
Abyw¯’Z wewfbœ cigvYy I g~j‡Ki wÎgvwÎK Ae¯’vb web¨v‡mi wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y G‡`i †fŠZ I ivmvqwbK a‡g© cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq|
†mme †hŠM‡K †÷wiI mgvYy Ges ag©‡K †÷wiI / wÎgvwÎK mgvbyZv ejv nq|
‡÷wiI mgvYyZv `yB cÖKvi :1.R¨vwgwZK mgvYyZv (Cis-trans isomerism) 2.Av‡jvK mwµq mgvYyZv (Optical-isomerism)

R¨vwgwZK mgvYyZv (Cis-trans isomerism)

kZ ©ti)Kve©b-Kve©b wØeÜb _vK‡Z n‡e|ii)wØeÜb hy³ Kve©‡bi Kvh©Kix g~jK KLbI GKB n‡Z cvi‡e bv|iii)Cis-trans mgvYyZv MVb
Ki‡e

Example:

`ywU g~jK GKB n‡j KLbI R¨vwgwZK mgvYyZv MVb Ki‡e bv

`ywU g~jK wfbœ weavq R¨vwgwZK mgvYyZv MVb Ki‡e
`yB cv‡ki wØeÜbhy³ Kve©‡Yi Aek¨B wfbœ g~jK _vK‡jB ïaygvÎ R¨vwgwZK mgvYyZv cÖ`k©Y Ki‡e|
Question: CH 3CH  CHCH 3 †hŠMwUi KqwU †÷wiImgvYy i‡q‡Q?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D)None DËi: A

Av‡jvK mwµq mgvYyZv (Optical isomerism)

kZ© t
AcÖwZmg Kve©Y cigvYy/Chiral Carbon _vK‡Z n‡e|
Dfq mgvYyi KbwdMv‡ikb ci¯ú‡ii `c©Y cÖwZe¤^ n‡Z n‡e|
Dfq KYwdMv‡ik‡bi ci¯ú‡ii mgvcwZZ n‡e bv|
Chiral Carbon : †h Kve©‡bi PviwU Kvh©Kix g~jK wfbœ _vK‡e Zv‡K Chiral Carbon ejv nq|
‡h Kve©‡b wkKj Dcw¯’Z _vK‡e †mB Kve©b‡K memgq Chiral Carbon wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Question:wb‡gœi †KvbwU AcwUK¨vj AvB‡mvgvi †`‡e bv?
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
A. CH 3  CH  CH  C2H5 B. CH 3CHOHCOOH C. C6H5  CH  CHCHOHCOOH D. C6 H5CHBrCH 3 DËi: A

Concept:‰Re wewµqv

‰Re wewµqv‡K cÖavbZ PviwU †kªYx‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq t cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv, hyZ ev ms‡hvRb wewµqv , AcmviY wewµqv ,mgvYyKiY wewµqv
cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv (Substitution Reaction) :
kZ© t Kve©b-Kve©b GKKeÜb hy³ ‰Re‡hŠM
B‡jK‡UªvdvBj Ges wbDwK¬IdvBj Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z n‡e|
GKwU B‡j‡UªvdvBj Aek¨B GKwU wbDwK¬IdvB‡ji mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i DcRvZ wn‡m‡e †ei n‡q hv‡e|
Example:
CH 3CH 2  Cl   Na   OH CH 3  CH 2  OH  NaCl

Question: cUvwmqvg mvqvbvB‡Wi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z HCN cÖcvb‡ji mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i| wewµqvi †KŠkjwU n‡jv
A. nudophilic substitution B. Electrophilic substitution C. nucleophilic addition D. Electrophilic addition DËi : A
Question: wb‡gœi †Kvb †hŠMwU †K›`ªvKwl©K cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv †`q?
A) chlorobenzene B) ethylene C) dimethylether D) 2-chloro-2-methylpropane Ans. D
hyZ ev ms‡hvRb (Addition) wewµqv t
kZ© t Kve©b-Kve©b wØeÜb ev wÎeÜbhy³ ‰Re †hŠM|
B‡j‡UªvdvBj Ges wbDwK¬IdvBj wØeÜb ev wÎe܇bi mv‡_ Aek¨B ms‡hvwRZ n‡e|
Question: ‡eªvwgb Bw_‡bi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i| wewµqvwUi †KŠkj wK?
A) ‡K›`ªvKlx© hyZ (nucleophilic addition) B) ‡K›`ªvKlx© cÖwZ¯’vcb (nucleophilic substitution)
C) B‡j±ªMÖvnx hyZ (electrophilic addition) D) B‡j±ªMÖvnx cÖwZ¯’vcb (electrophilic substitution) DËi tC
Solve:‡h †Kvb cvB eÜbhy³ †hŠ‡M(Kve©wbj †hŠM e¨vwZZ) B‡jKUª‡bi AvwaK¨ †ewk _vKvq memgq abvZœK AvKlx© g~jK ev B‡jK‡UªvdvBj
hy³ n‡e Ges wewµqvi †KŠkj n‡e B‡jK‡UªvAvKl©x hyZ wewµqv|
AcmviY wewµqv (Elimination Reaction) :
‡h wewµqvi †Kvbi †hŠ‡Mi AYy¯’ cvkvcvwk `ywU ev PviwU cigvYy ev g~jK AcmvwiZ n‡q Am¤ú„³Zvi m„wó nq Zv‡K AcmviY wewµqv e‡j|
†hgb tCH3-CH2-CH2-Cl+KOH[alc]→ CH3-CH=CH2+H2O+Kcl
kZ© t Kve©b-Kve©b GKK eÜb hy³ ˆRe †hŠM|
GKwU wewµqK _vK‡e Ges cÖfveK _vK‡Z cv‡i|
GKK eÜbhy³ †hŠ‡Mi `ywU Kve©‡bi g‡a¨ Aek¨B Kvh©Kix g~j‡Ki cv_K©¨ _vK‡Z n‡e|

mgvYyKiY wewµqv t
‡h wewµqvq †Kvb †hŠ‡Mi AYy¯’ cigvYy¸‡jv ev g~jK¸‡jv c~b©web¨¯Í n‡q GKB AvYweK ms‡KZwewkó bZzb †hŠM Z_v g~j †hŠ‡Mi mgvYy Drcbœ
K‡i Zv‡K cybwe©b¨vm ev mgvYyKiY wewµqv e‡j|

. A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvqvbvBU †_‡K BDwiqvNH4CNO 
 NH2-CO-NH2
A¨vwgwbqvg mvqv‡bU BDwiqv
Concept:wewµqvq ‡KŠkj

B‡j±ªb AvKl©x hyZ wewµqv

kZ© t  ˆRe ‡hŠ‡Mi  (cvB) eÜbhy³ †hŠM  weKviK
wbDwK¬IwdwjK/†K›`ªvKlx© hyZ wewµqv
kZ© t  Kve©wbj †hŠMweKviK
wewµqvi †KŠkj t mvaviYZ A¨vjwWnvBW I wK‡Uv‡bi ms‡hvRb N‡U|
wbDwK¬IwdwjK cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

n¨v‡jv‡R‡bv A¨vj‡Kv‡bi abvZ¥K PvR©hy³ Kve©b‡K †K›`ªvKl©©x weKviK/wbDwK¬IdvBj AvµgY K‡i| d‡j n¨vjvBW Avqb
X  †K›`ªvKl©x weKviK Øviv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nq|



R  C H2  X OH 

Example : wbDwK¬IdvBj

R  CH 2  OH X 

B‡jK‡UªvwdwjK cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv

‡h me †hŠ‡M B‡j±ª‡bi NbZ¡ †ewk _vK‡e †mB me †hŠ‡M B‡jK‡UªvwdwjK cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv N‡U| †ebwRb ej‡qi ˆewkó¨c~Y© wewµqv n‡”Q
B‡jK‡UªvwdwjK cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv|

Concept:wbDwK¬IdvB‡ji cÖfv‡e n¨v‡jv‡R‡bv A¨vj‡K‡bi weUv AcmviY

wewµqv
n¨‡jv‡R‡bv A¨vj‡Kb‡K A¨vj‡Kvnjxq KOH `ªe‡Y Pvjv‡bv Kwi‡j GK AYy HX AcmvwiZ n‡q A¨vjwKb Drcbœ nq|
R  CH 2  CH 2  X  KOH alc   RCH  CH 2  KX  H2O
ïay KOH w`‡j wbDwK¬IwdwjK cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv NU‡e wKš‘ A¨vj‡Kvnjxq KOH  w`‡j AcmviY wewµqv NU‡e|
A‡bK †¶‡Î, GKvwaK A¨vjwKb Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i n¨v‡jv‡R‡bv A¨vj‡Kb †_‡K|
CH3 CH2 CH CH3 CH3CH CH CH3 A_ev CH 3  CH 2 CH  CH 2

Cl
‡h A¨vjwKbwU‡Z AwaK kvLvhy³ A¨vjKvBjg~jK _vK‡e †mwU cÖavb Drcv` n‡e|
Concept:‰Re †hŠ‡Mi mgvbyZv †ei Kivi wbqg

 ‡Kvb Shortcut wbqg †bB mgvbyZv †ei Kivi Rb¨

 cÖ_‡g AvYweK ms‡K‡Zi cÖK…wZ Rvb‡Z n‡e GwU‡Z GKK eÜb/wØ/wÎeÜbhy³ Kvh©Kixg~jK Av‡Q wKbv| †hgb- C 5 H10O ‡hŠ‡M eySv
hv‡”Q wØeÜbhy³ ( C  O ) Kvh©Kixg~jK we`¨gvb|
 cÖK…wZ Rvbvi ci Rvb‡Z n‡e H †hŠ‡M GKvwaK Kvh©Kixg~jK _vK‡Z cv‡i wKbv| †hgb- C5 H12O †hŠ‡M GKK eÜbhy³  O  
B_vi Ges O  H  A¨vj‡Kvnj Kvh©Kixg~jK we`¨gvb|
 cÖK…Z Kvh©Kix g~j‡Ki cÖ_‡g mijwkKj Ges c‡i kvLvhy³ wkLj †hŠM wjL‡Z n‡e|
Example : C5 H12O †hŠ‡Mi mgvbyi msL¨v
 ‡h‡nZz Gi MVb C n H 2 n 2 O  †m‡nZz  OH Ges  O  Kvh©Kixg~jK i‡q‡Q|
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

‰Re †hŠ‡Mi Am¤ú„³Zvi cix¶v

Br2`ªeY cix¶v t‡Kvb ˆRe †hŠ‡Mi mv‡_ †eªvwg‡bi jvj e‡Y©i `ªeY wgkv‡bvi ci hw` Br 2 Gi jvj eY© `~ixf~Z nq, Z‡e ˆRe †hŠMwU
Am¤ú„³ Ges ˆRe †hŠ‡M Kve©Y-Kve©Y  eÜb we`¨gvb|
Example :wØeÜbhy³ Bw_‡bi mv‡_ Br 2 hy³ Ki‡j eY©nxb 1,2 , ÑWvB‡eªv‡gv B‡_b Drcbœ nq|

Reaction

‡eqvi cix¶v (Bayer’s test):¶vixq KMnO 4 Gi jNy Rjxq `ªe‡Y A¨vjwKb Pvjbv Ki‡j, A¨vjwKb RvwiZ nq Ges Gi mv‡_
nvBWªw·j  OH  g~jK hy³ nq Ges MøvBKj (WvBAj) MVb K‡i|
Example :

jNy

Question: wb‡gœi wewµqvwUi cÖavb Drcv` wK? CH 2  CH 2  KMnO 4 H

O
? 2

A. ethanoic acid B. ethylene glycol C. ethyl alcohol D. ethylene oxide DËi: B

Reaction :gviKwbK‡fi wbqg mn‡R g‡b ivLvi
c×wZ
‰Re †hŠ‡Mi †h †Kvb wewµqvi cÖavb Drcv` †KvbwU n‡e Zv wb‡Pi µ‡gi mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Kiv hvq|
  
3 Kv‡e©vK¨Uvqb > 2 Kv‡e©vK¨vUvqb > 1 Kv‡e©vK¨vUvqb C R 3  C HR 2  C H 2 R
o o o

‰Re †hŠ‡Mi cÖavb Kvh©Kvixg~jK Dc‡ii µg Abyhvqx †h Kv‡e©vK¨vUvqb Drcbœ nq Zv w¯’wZkxj nIqvq cÖavb Drcv` Drcbœ K‡i|
Example : (i)
CH 3  CH 2  CH (OH )  CH 2OH Ges (ii) CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2OH
1bs †hŠ‡M cÖavb Kvh©Kixg~jK 2o Kv‡e©vK¨vUvqb Ges (ii) bs †hŠ‡Mi cÖavb Kvh©Kix g~jK 1o Kv‡e©vK¨vUvqb myZivs (1) bs †hŠMwU
w¯’wZkxj|
Question: nvB‡Wªv‡Rb †eªvgvB‡Wi mv‡_ †cÖvwc‡bi wewµqvq cÖavb Drcv` n‡jv 
A)1-bromopropane B)2-bromopropane C)1,2-dibromopriopane D)2-bromopropene DËi t B
wecixZ gviKwbK‡fi wbqg

¯^í cwigvY ˆRe cviA·vBW Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z AcÖwZmg A¨vjwK‡bi m‡½ HBr Gi wewµqvi d‡j †ewk msL¨K H 2 Gi mv‡_ abvZ¥K Ask
hy³ nq G‡K wecixZ gviKwbK‡fi wbqg ev Lviv‡mi cviA·vBW djvdj e‡j|

Reaction: I‡RvbxKiY wewµqv (wØe܇bi Ae¯’v wbY©q)

A¨vjwK‡bi mv‡_ I‡Rvb Pvjbv Kwi‡j cÖwZ Kve©b Kve©b wØe܇bi eÜb †f‡½ hv‡e Ges `ywU Aw·‡Rb Dfq cv‡ki wØe܇bi C Gi mv‡_
hy³ n‡e Ges `ywU Drcv` Aek¨B A¨vjwWnvBW ev wK‡Uvb n‡e|
Example :
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP


Question: CH 3CH  CH 2  O3 Zn

/ H

2O

A) CH 3CH 2CH 5  ZnO B) CH 3CH 3CHO  CO2 Zn(OH ) 2
C) CH 3CHO  HCHO D) CH 3COOH  CO  H 2O DËi: C
Question: ‰Re †hŠ‡M Kve©b-Kve©b wØe܇bi Ae¯’vb wbY©‡q wb‡Pi †Kvb c×wZwU e¨envi Kiv hvq?
A. addition of hydrogen B. hydrolysis C. epoxiationD. ozonolysis DËi: D

Reaction: cwjgviKiY wewµqv

Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©Y,  eÜbhy³ †hŠM, Kve©bvBj †hŠ‡Mi GKvwaK mij AYy D”P ZvcgvÎvq, D”P Pv‡c I cÖfve‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z G‡`i
†Kvb As‡ki AcmviY e¨vwZZ GK‡Î mshy³ n‡q e„nr ˆRe AYy Drcbœ K‡i †mB wewµqv‡K cwjgviKiY wewµqv e‡j|
Example :
D”PPvc, Zvc

 cÖfveK,
e
cwjw_b

‡Udjb

D”PPvc
Zvc
PVC

Reaction: A¨vjKvB‡bi mv‡_ H2O ms‡hvRb

i) ii)

সাগজশনটি িইwfbvBj
আকাগরA¨vj‡Kvnj
কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১

A¨wm‡Uvb
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

A¨wmwUwjb cvwbi mv‡_ hyZ wewµqvi gva¨‡g cÖ_‡g A¯’&qx wfbvBj A¨vj‡Kvnj
B_vBb-1 cvwbi mv‡_ gvKw©bKf m~Î c‡i c~Y©web¨¯Í n‡q A¨vwmUvjwWnvBW ev B_vb¨vj Drcbœ K‡i
Abymv‡i cÖ_‡g A¯’vqx Ges c‡i A¨vwm‡Uvb
o
Question: wb‡Pi wewµqvi cÖavb Drcv`b Kx? CH  CH  H2O 20
2 44  ?
%H SO ,1%HgSO , 60 C

A) CH3CHO B) CH 3COOH C) CH3CH2OH D) CH3COCH3 DËi tA

Reaction: A¨vjwKb I A¨vjKvB‡bi cv_©K¨Kvix wewµqv/ A¨vjKvBb -1 Gi A¤øag©xZv

A¨vjKvBb I A¨vjwK‡bi ˆewkó¨c~Y© wewµqv n‡”Q hyZ wewµqv wKš‘ Gi e¨wZµg †`Lv hvq ïaygvÎ A¨vjKvBb-1 ev A¨vwmwUwjb †hŠ‡M|
‡hme A¨vjKvB‡bi wÎe܇b H  cigvYy hy³ _v‡K Zviv mvgvb¨ A¤øag©x nq|
A¨‡gvwbqv wgwkªZ AgNO 3 Ges NH3 wgwkªZ wKDcÖvm †K¬vivBW `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ A¨vjKvBb-1 Gi wewµqvq avZe jeY ev A¨vjKvBbvBW
Drcbœ nq|
Example :
i) ii) R  C  C  H  Cu NH 3 2 Cl

R  C  C  Cu
jvje‡Y©i Aa:†¶c Drcbœ K‡i
mv`v e‡Y©i Aa:†¶c Drcbœ K‡i
‡hme A¨vjKvB‡bi ïaygvÎ cÖwZ¯’vcbxq H -_vK‡e ZvivB †KejgvÎ GB wewµqv w`‡Z cvi‡e|
GB wewµqvi gva¨‡g A¨vjKvBb-1 Ges A¨vjKvBb-2 Gi cv_©K¨ Kiv hvq|
Question: GKwU †evZ‡j Zij nvB‡WªvKve©b Av‡Q, hv A¨v‡gvwbqv wgwkªZ CuCl 2 `ªe‡Yi mwnZ jvj Aat‡¶c †`q| nvB‡WªvKve©bwU wK?
A) R  CH  CH  R B) R  C  C  R C) R  C  CH D) R  CH  CH 2 DËi : C

Reaction: DUR wdwUM wewµqv

A¨vivBj n¨vjvBW Gi mv‡_ A¨vjKvBj n¨vjvBW Ges Na avZz ﮋ B_vixq `ªe‡Y Pvjbv Kwi‡j A¨vjKvBj †ebwRb Drcbœ nq GB wewµqv‡K
DU©R wdwUM wewµqv ejv nq| R
X
 2 Na   R   X dry  NaX
Ether

Reaction: bvB‡Uªkb (Nitration)

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
†h wewµqvq †Kvb ˆRe †hŠM †_‡K GK ev GKvwaK cigvYy mgmsL¨K  NO 2  g~jK Øviv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nq, H wewµqv‡K bvB‡Uªkb e‡j|
bvB‡Uªk‡bi Rb¨ mg AvqZ‡bi Mvp (Conc) H2SO4 I Mvp (Conc) H2SO4 Gi cÖ‡qvRb
Question:†ebwR‡bi bvB‡Uªk‡b wb‡Pi †Kvb wewµqK †mUwU e¨eüZ nq?
A) NaNO3 and dil. HNO3 B) Dil HNO3 and dil H 2 SO4
C) NaNO 2 and dil HCl D) Conc. HNO3 and Conc H 2 SO4 DËi: D

Concept: A‡_©v-c¨viv I †gUv wb‡`©kK

A‡_©v-c¨viv wb‡`©kK: †h me ˆRe †hŠ‡Mi Kvh©Kix g~jK GKK e܇b Ave× _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K A‡_v-c¨viv wb‡`©kK ev ejq mwµqKvix g~jK ejv
nq|-R,  OH ,  NH 2 ,  O  R ,  X
e¨wZµg t GKgvÎ n¨v‡jv‡Rb A‡_v-c¨viv wb‡`©kK nIqv m‡Ë¡I ejq wbw¯ŒqKvix g~jK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

Concept: ‡gUv wb‡`©kK/ ejq wbw®ŒqKvix

g~jK
‡hme ˆRe †hŠ‡Mi Kvh©Kix g~jK wØeÜb / wÎeÜb Ave× _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K †gUv wb‡`©kK ev ejq wbw¯ŒqKvix g~jK ejv nq|
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb g~jKwU †ebwRb P‡µ cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv †gUv wb‡`©kK?
A)  OH B)  NH 2 C)  NO2 D)  CH 2 DËi: C
Reaction: wd«‡Wj µvdU wewµqv(Fridel Craft’s reaction)

Ab©v`ª AlCl 3 Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z, †ebwRb Gi mv‡_ A¨vjKvBj n¨vjvBW A_ev A¨vmvBj n¨vjvBW Gi wewµqvq †ebwRb ejq ‡_‡K H
- cigvYy A¨vjKvBj/A¨vmvBj g~jK Øviv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ n‡q A¨vjKvBj †ebwRb/A¨vmvBj †ebwRb Drcbœ K‡i|
Question: ‡ebwR‡bi mwnZ CH 3Cl Ges AlCl 3 Gi wewµqvq wb‡gœi †KvbwU GKwU AšÍeZ©x?
H H H
| | |
 
A. H  C  B. H  C : C. H  C :  . DËi: C.
| | |
H H H
Reaction:wMÖMbvW© weKviK

ﮋ B_vixq `ªe‡Y A¨vjKvBj n¨vjvBW‡K Mg avZz mn Pvjbv Kwi‡j A¨vjKvBj Mg n¨vjvBW bvgK wMÖMbvW© weKviK Drcbœ nq|
Dry
R X + Mg Ether R Mg X
= =
wMÖMbvW© weKvi‡Ki mv‡_ wewfbœ weKvi‡Ki wewµqv
(i) wg_¨vb¨v‡ji mv‡_ wewµqv t
O H
H2O
R Mg X +H CH H C H , (HCHO,H ) + Mg (OH)X
= (H+ , OH-)
OH
wMÖMbvW© weKvi‡Ki mv‡_ †h‡Kvb weKvi‡Ki wewµqvi Drcv` †ei Kivi mnR wbqg n‡”QÑ
 mKj‡¶‡Î Mg OH X DcRvZ wn‡m‡e Drcbœ n‡e  Aewkó ms‡KZwU Drcbœ n‡e mKj‡¶‡Î cÖavb Drcv`
n‡e

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 cÖavb Drcv‡`i ms‡KZ †ei Kivi †¶‡Î, Kvh©Kix g~j‡Ki Kve©Y‡K †K›`ªxq Kve©Y wn‡m‡e MYbv Ki‡Z n‡e
 mKj wewµqvq H 2O cÖ‡qvRbxqZv n‡jv Mg OH X ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨, hw` †Kvb wewµqvq H 2O Qvov Mg OH X
ˆZwi n‡q hvq Zvn‡j H 2O cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
(ii) B_vb¨v‡ji mv‡_ wewµqv t O O
H2O
R Mg X + CH3 C H Mg(OH)X + R C H
= (H+ , OH-)

O OH
H2O
R Mg X + CH3 C H Mg(OH)X + C H
= (H+ , OH-) CH3
R

Question: Ar-CHO   H/
weKviK (Reagent)
 ArCH(OH)-R weKviKwU 
H 2O

(A) RMgX (B) HCN (C) CH 3 Cl D) H 2 CO 3 DËi : A

Question: wMÖMbvW© weKvi‡Ki mv‡_ CH3OH Gi wewµqvq wK Drcbœ K‡i?
A) Alkane B) Ether C) Ester D) Aldehyde Ans. A

Reaction:DU©R wewµqv (Wurtz reaction)

)
ﮋ B_v‡i Na avZzi mv‡_ n¨v‡jv‡Rb A¨vj‡Kb wewµqv K‡i D”PZi A¨vj‡Kb Drcbœ K‡i|

D”PZi A¨vj‡Kb Drcbœ nIqvi KviY t Na Øviv X g~jK cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nIqvi d‡j ïay R g~jK Aewkó _v‡K GwU †Kvb †hŠM n‡Z
cv‡i bv, ZvB `yB †gvj wewµqv Ki‡j `ywU A¨vjKvBj wd«-†iwW‡Kj hy³ n‡q A¨vj‡Kb Drcbœ K‡i|
Example :

A‡bK mgq ﮋ B_vi Ges `yB †gvj D‡jøL _vK‡e bv|
 S N 1 I S N 2 wewµqvi Zzjbv t
SN1 SN2
(i) `yB av‡c N‡U| (i) GK av‡c N‡U|
(ii) Bnv cÖ_g µg wewµqv (ii) Bnv 2q µg wewµqv
(iii) Gi MwZi g~‡j i‡q‡Q kvLvhy³ Kve©Y wkKj (iii) Gi MwZi g~‡j i‡q‡Q wÎgvwÎK ¯’vwbK euvav
(iv) †cvjvi †hŠ¨‡M S N 1 g¨vKvwbRg N‡U (iv) A‡cvjvi †hŠ‡M S N 2 g¨vKvwbRg N‡U
Question: SN 2 wewµqvq A¨vjKvBj n¨vjvBWmg~‡ni mwµqZvi µg n‡jv 

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
(A) CH 3X  RCH 2 X  R 2CHX  R 3CX (B) RCH 2 X  CH 3X  R 2CHX  R 3CX
(C) CH 3X  RCH 2 X  R 3CHX (D) R 3CX  R 2CHX  RCH 2 X  CH 3X Ans. A

Reaction: (Fermentation/MuvRb)

RvB‡gR
Møy‡KvR

÷vP©‡K Wvqv‡÷m GbRvB‡gi cÖfv‡e Pvjbv Kwi‡j ÷vP© Av`ªwe‡k­ wlZ n‡q g‡›UvR G iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
Wvqv‡÷R
÷vP© g‡›UvR

Concept:‰Re †hŠ‡Mi cvwb‡Z

`ªeYxqZv
‡h‡nZz ˆRe ‡hŠM mg‡hvRx e܇b Ave× _v‡K †m‡nZz ˆRe †hŠM cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq nq wKš‘ wKQy ˆRe †hŠM cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq nq| ˆRe †hŠ‡Mi
`ªeYxqZv wbf©i K‡i wb‡gœv³ wel‡qi Dci|
 H - eÜb ‡cvjvwiwU
‡h mKj ˆRe †hŠ‡Mi H-bond we`¨gvb _v‡K Zviv mevB cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq nq|
Example : A¨vj‡Kvn‡ji R  OH  g‡a¨ H-bond we`¨gvb _vKvq Giv cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq nq, †Kvb A¨vj‡Kvnj cvwb‡Z †ekx `ªeYxq n‡e
Zv wbf©i K‡i AvYweK f‡ii Dci|
AvYweKfi hZ Kg Ñ cvwb‡Z `ªeYxqZv ZZ †ekx|AvYweKfi hZ †ekx Ñ cvwb‡Z `ªeYxqZv ZZ Kg
‡hgb: CH 3 OH Gi †P‡q CH 3CH 2OH `ªeYxqZv Kg|‰Re †hŠ‡Mi g‡a¨ A¨j‡Kvn‡ji cvwb‡Z `ªeYxqZv me‡P‡q †ewk|
‰Re †hŠ‡Mi Mjbv¼ I ùzUbv¼

Mjbv¼ I ùzUbv¼ wbf©i K‡i `ywU ˆewk‡ó¨i Dci| ‡cvjvwiKiY cÖeYZv H-bond m„wó
‰Re †hŠ‡Mi g‡a¨ A¨vj‡Kvn‡ji Mjbv¼ I ùzUbv¼ †ewk KviY Dc‡iv³ `ywU ˆewk‡ó¨ A¨vj‡Kvn‡ji g‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z Av‡Q|
GKB Kvh©Kix g~jK wewkó ˆRe †hŠ‡Mi AvYweK fi e„w×i mv‡_ ùzUbv‡¼ evo‡Z _v‡K|
Example : wg_vb‡ji ùzUbv¼  65 C B_vb‡ji ùzbUbv¼  78 C
0 0

GKB AvYweK fi wewkó AwaK kvLv wkKj hy³ ˆRe †hŠ‡Mi ùzUbv¼ mij wkKj hy³ mgvby †_‡K Kg nq|
Question: wb‡gœi †Kvb †hŠMwUi ùzUbvsK me‡P‡q †ewk?
A. CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3 B. CH 3 NH 2 C. CH 3 OH D. CH 2 F2 DËi : C

Reaction: jyKvm weKviK (Lucas Reagent)

 Mvp Conc  HCl Gwm‡W Abv`ª ZnCl 2 Gi `ªeY‡K jyKvm weKviK e‡j|
 10 ,2 0 ,30 A¨vj‡Kvnj cv_©K¨Ki‡Y jyKvm weKviK e¨eüZ nq|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
0 0 0
 3 A¨vj‡Kvnj jyKvm weKvi‡Ki mv‡_ `ªæZ ev mn‡R wewµqv †`q KviY 3 A¨vj‡Kvn‡j 3 Kv‡e©vK¨Uvqb m„wó nq hv LyeB w¯’wZkxj Ges
0
Lye mn‡R SN1 cÖw¯’vcY wewµqv N‡U wKš‘ 2 0 , 10 Kv‡e©vK¨vUvqb 3 Gi w¯’wZkxj bv nIqvq mn‡R wewµqv †`q bv|

R R

R C OH + H Cl ZnCl2 R C Cl + H2O

CH3 CH3
jyKvm jyKvm wewµqv †`q bv
A¨j‡Kvnj wewµqv †`q A¨j‡Kvnj
weKviK weKviK
†dbj Drcv`b
Question: jyKvm weKvi‡Ki mv‡_ Zvr¶wYK wewµqv K‡i †KvbwU?
(A) Butan-1- ol (B) Butan-2- ol (C) 2-methylpropan-1-ol (D) 2-methylpropan-2-ol Ans. (D)
Question: wb‡Pi †KvbwU Zvr¶wYKfv‡e jyKvm weKviK wewµqv †`q?
A. CH 3 OH B. CH 3CH OH CH 3 C. CH 3CCH 3 2  OH D. CH 3COCH 3 DËi : C

Reaction-4:A¨vmwcwib cÖ¯w‘ Z

𝑂𝐻 𝑂 − 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻3
𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻
(𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂)2 𝑂
+ 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

RCO 2 O Gi mv‡_ †h †Kvb weKvi‡Ki wewµqvq cÖavb Drcv` hv n‡e RCOCl Gi Drcv` GKB n‡e ïay DcRvZ wfbœ n‡e|

‡K¬vwib H cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i `ywU Kvh©Kix g~jK †_‡KB wKš‘  OH Zzjbvq COOH g~jK w¯’wZkxj weavq H cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nq OH
g~jK †_‡KB|
¨
Reaction-:DBwjqvgmb wewµqv

OH ONa+ OCH3

NaOH CH3
I-
A¨vwb‡mvj

Reaction-:‡Kve wewµqv

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Question:‡Kve wewµqvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU Drcbœ nq?

A. m¨vwj mvBwjK GwmW B. ‡ebRwqK GwmW C. _¨vwjK GwmW D. wcKwiK GwmW DËi : A
Reaction-:ivBgvi UªvB‡gb wewµqv

CHO
OH
CHO

†K¬v‡iv‡ebwRb ÿvi(NaOH) `¦viv cÖwZ¯ÍvwcZ n‡q †mvwWqvg wdbAK&ªvBW,c‡i CO2 mv‡_ †mvwWqvg m¨vwjmvB‡jU Ges me‡k‡l A¤ø Øviv
cÖwZ¯ÍvwcZ n‡qm¨vwjmvBwjK GwmW Drcbœ nq|
Reaction-:‡db‡ji mbv³KiY

i) FeCl 3 `ªeY cix¶v ii) Br 2  H 2 O cix¶v t

OH

+ FeCl3
‡e¸wb e‡Y©i
`ªeY
( White ppt) mv`v
Aat‡¶c

Reaction-: A¨vj‡Kvnj I B_v‡ii cv_¨K©Kvix wewµqv

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
PCl 5 cix¶v t R  OH  PCl 5  R  Cl  HCl  POCl 3
R  O  R 
 R  Cl  R  Cl  POCl3
pcl5

A¨vj‡Kvnj PCl 5 Gi mv‡_ wewµqvq HCl Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ B_vi cv‡i bv KviY A¨vj‡Kvn‡ji g‡a¨ cÖwZ¯’vcbxq H Av‡Q wKš‘
B_v‡ii g‡a¨ †bB|

‰Re †hŠ‡Mi †¶‡Î wPišÍb mZ¨ (Universal Truth)

Zxeª RviY

RviY RviY
A¨vj‡Kvnj A¨vjwWnvBW/wK‡Uvb Kve©w·wjK GwmW

weRviY g„`y weRviY

Zxeª weRviY
Zxeª RviK c`v_© t KMnO 4 , K 2Cr2O7 , K 2Cr2O7  H 2SO4 , dzUšÍ HNO 3
g„`y RviK c`v_© t jNy K 2Cr2O7 , CrO 2Cl 2 , MnO 2  H 2SO4
Zxeª weRviK c`v_© t NH 2  NH 2 , Ni / H2 , Zn  Hg / HCl , LiAlH 4 , NaBH 4 , Pt/H2
g„`y weRviK c`v_© t Sn / HCl , Pd / BaSO 4
Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ Zxeª weRviK NH 2  NH 2 , Zn  Hg / HCl  Gi †¶‡Î GKgvÎ e¨wZµg †`Lv hvq|
Example : jNy
i) ii)

iii)

iv)

v) vi)

Question: wb‡gœi wewµqvwUi cªavb Drcv` wK? CH 2  CH  CHO  

NaBH 4

A. CH 3CH OH CH 2 OH B. CH 2  CHCH 2OH C. CH 3CHOHCHO D. CH 3CH 2 CHO DËi: B

Question: K 2 Cr2 O 7 Øviv B_vbj‡K RvwiZ Ki‡j cvIqv hvq?
A. Acetaldehyde B. Acetic Acid C. Formaldehyde D. Formic Acid DËi : B

Reaction:wK¬‡gbmb weRviY (Clemmensen Reduction )

Kve©bvBj †hŠM‡K wRsK A¨vgvjMvg (Zn.Hg) I Mvp HCl mn‡hv‡M weRvwiZ Ki‡j Kve©vbvBj g~jK mivmwi weRvwiZ n‡q wgw_wjb g~jK (–
CH2–) G cwiYZ n‡q nvB‡WªvKve©b Drcbœ K‡i| G weRviY‡K wK¬‡gbmb weRviY e‡j|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Example :
CH3–CHO+4[H] Zn.
 Hg
 CH3–CH2–H+H2O
Mvp HCl
B_vb¨vj B‡_b
CH3–CO–CH3+4[H] Zn.
 Hg
 CH3–CH2–CH3+H2O
Mvp HCl
†cÖvcv‡bvb †cÖv‡cb
Question: RCHO  RCH 2 R ivmvqwbK cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb weKviK cÖ‡qvRb?
A. H 2SO 4 B. K 2 Cr2 O 7 C. NaBH 4 D. Zn / Hg .Conc HCl DËi : D
Reaction:A¨vjWj Nbxfeb wewµqv

jNy ¶v‡ii cÖfv‡e   nvB‡Wªv‡Rb hy³ `yB Aby A¨vjwWnvBW ev wK‡Uv‡bi cvi¯úwiK ms‡hv‡M   nvBWªw· wK‡Uvb MVb K‡i| G wewµqv‡K
A¨vjWj Nbxfeb e‡j|
H
|
jNy NaOH
CH3–C=O+H–CH2–CHO   CH3–CH-CH2-CHO
20-300C
|
A¨vwmUvjwWnvBW OH (A¨vjWj/3-nvBWªw· weDUvb¨vj )

kZ© t    H hy³ CHO g~jK _vK‡Z n‡e| Kvh©Kix g~j‡Ki cv‡ki Kve©b‡K   Kve©b e‡j|
Example :
CH 3 CH 2CHO
i)

Question: cÖwcIbvjwWnvB‡Wi mv‡_ jNy †mvwWqvg nvB‡Wªv·vBW `ªeY hy³ Ki‡j A¨vj‡Wvj Nbxfeb wewµqv N‡U Ges ˆZix nqÑ
A. CH 3CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 B. CH 3CH 2 OH CHCH (CH 3 )CHO
C. CH 3CH 2 CH OH CH 2CH 2 CHO D. CH 3CH 2 COCH 2 CHO DËi :B

Reaction:K¨vwbRv‡iv wewµqv (Cannizzaro’s reaction

)
kZ© t →   H wenxb CHO g~jK _vK‡Z n‡e|→ `yB †gvj   H wenxb CHO g~jK
Example :

CCl3-CHO (wewµqv w`‡e)

i. 𝛼

wewµqv t GB wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY wewµqv, GK †gvj A¨vjwWnvBW RvwiZ n‡e Ges GK †gvj A¨vjwWnvBW weRvwiZ n‡e|
CCl3 – CHO + CCl3 – CHO   CCl3 – COONa+CCl3 – CH2OH
NaOH

Question: wb‡gœi †KvbwU K¨vwbRv‡iv wewµqv?

o
NaOH, 2030 C
A) 2 HCHO (1) 50
%  CH3OH(aq)  HCOO  Na  (aq)
o
, 2030 C
B) 2 CH3 CHO (1) dil
. NaOH
   CH 3CH (OH)CH 2CHO (aq )
C) CH3 CHO (1)  CH 3CH 2OH
LiAlH4, Conc. HCl

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Heat
D) CH3CONH2 (aq) + Br2 (aq) + 4Na0H(aq)  CH 3 NH 2 (aq)  2 NaBr (aq)  Na 2 CO3 (aq)  2H 2 O(1) DËi: A
Reaction-:n¨v‡jvdig wewµqv

kZ© t   CH 3CO g~jK _vK‡Z n‡e| 2bs C hw` O _v‡K|

Example :
i) CH3 CH 2 COCH 3 (wewµqv w`‡e)
ii) CH3CH 2 COCH 2CH3
(wewµqv w`‡e bv)
wewµqv t CH 3COCH 3  X 2  NaOH  CH 3COONa  CHX 3  NaX  H 2O
Question: wb‡gœi †Kvb ˆRe †hŠMwU Av‡qv‡Wvdig cix¶v †`q bv?
A) CH3COCl B) CH3CHOHCH3 C) CH3COCH3 D) CH3CH2OH DËi: A
Question: ‡Kvb wewµqvwU Av‡qv‡Wvdg© cix¶vq Ask †bq bv? (
A. CH 3CH 2 OH B. CH 3CHOHCH 3 C. CH 3CH 2 CH 2 OH D. CH 3COCH 2 CH 3 DËi : C
15. wb‡Pi wewµqvq Dcv`vb P Ges Q †Kvb †m‡U we`¨gvb CH 3  CH 2 CH OH CH 3 I  P  Q
2 / OH

A. CH 3CH 2 CH 3 ; CH 4 respectively B. CH 3CH 2 COO ; CHI 3 respectively

C. CH 3CH 3 ; CH 3  CH 3 respectively D. CH 3CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; I 2 respectively DËi : B

Reaction::A¨vjwWnvBW I wK‡Uv‡bi cv_©K¨KiY wewµqv

U‡jb weKviK
AgNO 3  NaOH  Ag NH3 2  OH
NH OH
4
U‡jb weKviK
‡h †Kvb A¨vjwWnvBW U‡jb weKvi‡Ki mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i wmjfvi (`c©Y Ag  m„wó K‡i)
R  CHO  Ag NH 3 2  OH  CH 3COONH 4  Ag  NH 3
`c©Y
‡dwjs `ªeY CuSO 4 Ges NaOH wgwkªZ Na  K  UviUv‡iU Gi wgkªY‡K †dwjs `ªeY e‡j|
A¨vjwWnvB‡Wi weRviY ag© Av‡Q e‡j Zv †dwjs `ªeY‡K weRvwiZ K‡i jvj Aat‡¶c m„wó K‡i| wKš‘ wK‡Uvb G cix¶v †`q bv|
Question: ‡h kK©iv †dnwjs `ªeY I U‡jb weKviK‡K weRvwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv 
(A) Sucrose (B) Glucose (C) Fructose D)Maltose DËi: A
Question: wb‡Pi †KvbwU Fehling `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i jvj Aat†¶c †`q?
A. RCH2X B. (CH3)2CO C.RCH2OH D.RCH2CHO DËi : D
Question: U‡jb weKviK hv‡`i cv_©K¨Ki‡Y e¨eüZ nqÑ
A. CH 3CH 2 OH and CH 3CHOHCH 3 B. CH 3CH 2 NH 2 and CH 3CH 2 NHCH 3
C. CH 3CH 2 COCH 3 and CH 3CHO D. CH 3COOH and CH 3COOCH 3 DËi : C
Reaction:ndg¨vb wW‡MÖ‡Wkb wewµqv

R  CO  NH 2  Br2  NaOH  R  NH 2  NaBr  Na 2 CO3  H 2 O

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
GwmWA¨vgvBW‡K, †eªvwgb Ges ÿvi `¦viv wewµqvq A¨vwm‡Uv g~jK AcmvwiZ n‡q cÖvBgvwi A¨vwgb

Reaction:Kvwe©j A¨wgb cix¶v

R  NH 2  CHCl 3  KOH alc   KCl  H 2 O  R  N  C

0 0
ïaygvÎ 1 A¨wgb cix¶v †`q 2 ev 30 A¨wgb cix¶v †`q bv|

Reaction:Wvqv‡Rv jeY wewµqv

A¨vwbwjb‡K NaNO2 + HCl Øviv ei‡di Dci w`‡q(0-50C) Pvjbv Ki‡j †ebwRb Wvqv‡Rvwbqvg †K¬vivBW Drcbœ nq|

Wvqv‡Rv je‡Yi we‡kl wewµqv

i) Av`ª©we‡kølY t

†ebwRb Wvqv‡Rvwbqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zvc †`qv n‡j †ebwRb Wvqv‡Rvwbqvg †K¬vivBW Av`ª©we‡køwlZ n‡q
†dbj,bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨vm Ges HCl Drcbœ nq

ii) g„`y weRviY t

†ebwRb Wvqv‡Rvwbqvg †K¬vivBW‡K Sn/HCl Øviv g„`y weRvwiZ Kwi‡j wdbvBj nvBWªvwRb Drcbœ nq|

iii) Zxeª weRviY t

Aniline
†ebwRb Wvqv‡Rvwbqvg †K¬vivBW‡K LiAlH4 Øviv Zxeª weRvwiZ Kwi‡j A¨vwbwjb Drcbœ nq|
Question: †ebwRb Wvqv‡Rvwbqvg †K¬vivB‡Wi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zvc †`qv n‡j wK N‡U?
A) Formation of phenol B) Formation of nitrobenzene
C) Formation of diphenyl D) Formation of phenylhydrazine DËi : A
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb †hŠMwU Wvqv‡Rvwbqvg jeb Drcbœ K‡i?
A. H 2 NCH 2 CH 3 B. C6 H 5 NO 2 C. C6 H 5CONH 2 D. C6 H 5 NH 2 DËi : D
Question: C6H5OH  NH3 ZnCl
2  wewµqvq wK Drcbœ nq?
A. ‡ebRwqK GwmW B. bvB‡Uªv‡ebwRb C. A¨vwbwjb D. wcKwiK GwmW DËi : C

A¨vwg‡bi cv_K©Kvix
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগতwewµqv
আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

bvBUªvm Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ wewµqv : A¨vwgbmg~n bvBUªvm Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ wewfbœ ai‡bi wewµqv K‡i bvBUªvm GwmW LyeB Aw¯’wZkxj (unstable)
nIqvi Kvi‡Y bvBUªvU jeY I LwbR Gwm‡Wi wewµqvq bvBUªvm GwmW Drcbœ Kiv nq|
NaNO 2  HCl  HNO 2  N a Cl
o o
bvBUªvm GwmW 1o , 2 o I 3 A¨vwjd¨vwUK A¨vwg‡bi mv‡_ wfbœ wfbœ wewµqv †`q| Gi Dci wfwË K‡i 1o , 2 o I 3 A¨vwg‡bi g‡a¨
cv_©K¨ wbY©q Kiv nq|
‰Re GwmW I G‡`i RvZK mg~n

Kve©w·wjK Gwm‡Wi Aci bvg ˆRe GwmW| ˆRe Gwm‡W g~jZ Kve©w·j g~jK A_ev mvj‡KvwbK GwmW g~jK _v‡K| A¨vj‡Kb D™¢yZ Kve©w·wjK
GwmW‡K d¨vwU GwmW ejv nq|

jNy H2SO4
Pwe© ev †Zj +H2O R–COOH+wMømvwib
Rvib Rvib
A¨vj‡Kvnj A¨vjwWnvBW Kve©w·wjK GwmW
weRviY weRviY
K2Cr2O7 K2Cr2O7
R–CH2OH+[O] R–CHO+H2O  R–CHO+[O] R–COOH
H2SO4 H2SO4

2RCOOH+Na2CO3  2RCOONa+H2O+CO2  RCOOH+NaHCO3  RCOONa+H2O+CO2

Reaction: G÷vwiwd‡Kkb wewµqv

‰Re GwmW Gi mv‡_ A¨vj‡Kvnj wewµqv K‡i GK Aby cvwb AcmvwiZ n‡q G÷vi Drcbœ K‡i|
Reaction: :-COOH g~jK mbv³KiY
NaHCO 3 `ªeY cix¶v tKve©w·j g~jKhy³ ‰Re GwmW NaHCO 3 Gi mv‡_ wewµqvq ey`ey` AvKv‡i CO 2 M¨vm wbM©Z nq| wbM©Z CO 2
M¨vm Pz‡bi cvwb‡K †Nvjv K‡i|
Ca OH 2  CO2  CaCO 3  H 2O
R  COOH  NaHCO3  RCOONa  CO2  H 2O Pz‡ bi cvwb 
† Nvjv K‡ i
GKgvÎ COOH -g~jK _vK‡j, CO 2 M¨vm Drcbœ K‡i NaHCO 3 Gi mv‡_ Ges Pz‡bi cvwb‡K †Nvjv K‡i|
mvevb t D”PZi d¨vwU Gwm‡Wi Na I K jeY‡K mvevb e‡j|

Reaction: : mvevbvqb/Saponification
wewµqv
‰Zj I Pwe©‡K NaOH Øviv Av`ª©we‡kølY Kwi‡j Na mvevb / K -mvevb Ges DcRvZ wn‡m‡e wMømvwib Drcbœ nq|
GB wewµqv‡K Hydrolysis wewµqvI ejv nq|
Reaction: : †iv‡RbgvÛ
weRviY

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
c¨vjvwWqvg hy³ †ewiqvg mvj‡d‡Ui Dcw¯’wZ‡Z, A¨vmvBj †K¬vivBW DËß H2 M¨vm Øviv weRvwiZ n‡q A¨vjwWnvBW Drcbœ K‡i| G‡K
†iv‡RbgvÛ weRviY e‡j|
O O

|| ||
R–C–Cl+H2  R–C–H+HCl
pd ,BaSo 4

cwigvYMZ imvqb

fwZ© cwiÿvi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq AsKmg~n

Type-01: kZKiv
mshyw³ wbY©q
kZKiv mshyw³ wbY©q
Example:Møy‡KvR AYy‡Z Kve©‡bi kZKiv cwigvY KZ?
Solve
180gm Møy‡KvR AYy‡Z Kve©‡bi cwigvY 72gm
72
 1 ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ gm
180
72
 100’’ ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’  100 = 40%
180
Example→CO2 M¨v‡m C Gi kZKiv cwigvY KZ? Ans. 27.27% →my‡µvR-G C Gi kZKiv cwigvY KZ? Ans. 42.10%
Type-2: GK‡Ki ¯’vbvšÍi

 mmol/L †_‡K mg/dL GK‡Ki ¯’vbvšÍi

 Avgiv Rvwb, mmol n‡”Q 1000 fv‡Mi GK †gvj Ges mg n‡”Q 1000 fv‡Mi GK MÖvg, myZivs `ywU GKB RvZxq Ges Zv‡`i‡K
1 1
ev` †`qv hvq wKš‘ dL n‡”Q L Ask| Zvn‡j wjLv hvq| mmol/L→ mg/dL
10 10
M
mKj AYyi †¶‡Î :1mmol/L = mg / dL [M= AvYweK fi]
10
Example:Møy‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY i‡³ 3 mmol/L n‡j mg/dL GK‡K KZ?
Møy‡Kv‡Ri (C6H12O6) Gi AvYweK fi =180 M 180
1mmol/L= mg / dL = mg / dL  1mmol/L =18mg/dL
10 10
myZivs 3mmol/L= 3×18mg/dL = 54mg/dL
Example:i‡³ my‡µv‡Ri cwigvY 3mmol/L n‡j mg/dL GK‡K KZ?
Solve
my‡µv‡Ri (C12H22O11) AvYweK fi = 342
M 342
1mmol/L = mg / dL = mg / dL = 34.2 mg/dL
10 10
myZivs 3mmol/L= 3×34.2mg/dL = 102.6mg/dL
Practice:
→ CO2 Gi cwigvY 5mmol/L n‡j mg/dL GK‡K KZ? Ans. 22

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
→ SO2 Gi cwigvY 7mg/dL n‡j mmol/L GK‡K KZ? Ans. 1.09375

‡gvjvwiwU †_‡K kZKiv nv‡i iycvšÍi

fi
‡gvjvwiwU 1 L `ªe‡Y 1 mol `ªe¨‡K eySvq, ‡gvj msL¨v n  
AvYweK fi
 1 L (1000 cm3 ) `ªe‡Y fi =†gvjmsL¨v  AvYwe‡Ki fi
 ‡ gvj msL¨v  AvYweK fi  100 %
 100 cm3 `ªe‡Yi fi =  
 1000 
Example : 0.1M NbgvÎvi Na 2 CO3 Gi †gvjwiwU‡K kZKiv GK‡K wbY©q Ki?
Solve : 1000 cm3 `ªe‡Y Na 2 CO 3 fi 1.0  106

100 cm3 `ªe‡Y Na 2 CO 3 fi =  0.1  106  100 % = 1.06 %

 1000 

‡gvjvwiwU †_‡K-ppmG iycvšÍi

ppm  10 3 L  10 6 ml
1 L `ªe‡Y `ª‡ei fi = †gvj msL¨v  AvYwe‡Ki fi
10 3 L `ªe‡Y `ª‡ei fi = (†gvjmsL¨v  AvYweK fi  10 3 ) ppm
Example : 0.5 M NbgvÎvi NaOH `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv‡K ppm GK‡K wbY©q Ki?
Solve : 1 L `ªe‡Y fi = 0.5  40

10 L `ªe‡Y fi = (0.5  40  10 3 ) ppm = 210 4 ppm
3

ppm, ppb GK‡Ki ¯’vbvšÍi

ppm = parts per million = 103L = 106ml , ppb = parts per billion = 106L = 109ml
ppm, ppb `yBwU n‡”Q NbgvÎv cÖKv‡ki GKK Ges `yBwU GKKB wbf©i K‡i AvqZ‡bi Dci|
Example:evZv‡m N2 Gi NbgvÎv 78% n‡j ppm GK‡K KZ?
Solve:
% (kZKiv) cwigvY gv‡bB nj 100ml-G 78gm Av‡Q|
 100ml-G N2 Gi NbgvÎv 78
78
 1ml ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’
100
 78 
 106 ’’ ’’ ’’ ’’   106  ppm = 7.8×105ppm
 100 
Example:GKwU Wv‡ei cvwb we‡kølY K‡i †`Lv hvq H cvwb‡Z cÖwZ wjUvi `ªe‡Y 0.45mg Av‡m©wbK cvIqv hvq| Av‡m©wb‡Ki NbgvÎv ppm
GK‡K KZ?
Solve: 1L `ªe‡Y Av‡m©wbK Av‡Q 0.45
 103L’’ ’’ ’’ = (0.4×103)ppm = 450ppm
Example:evZv‡m O2 Gi NbgvÎv 21% n‡j ppm GKK‡K KZ? Ans. (2.1×105ppm)
Example:ZzivM b`xi cvwb we‡k­ lY K‡i †`Lv hvq H cvwb‡Z cÖwZ wjUvi `ªe‡Y 0.75gm †µvwgqvg cvIqv hvq| †µvwgqv‡gi NbgvÎv
ppb GK‡K KZ? Ans. (7.5×105ppb)

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Type-3: †gvjvwiwU ev NbgvÎv wbY©q

†gvjvwiwU ev NbgvÎv wbY©q :

fi
 †gvjvwiwU ev NbvgvÎv (S) =
AvYweK fi  AvqZb
W
 hLb v _vK‡e L  dm GK‡K
3

MV
1000W
†gvjvwiwU ev NbgvÎv (S) = hLb v _vK‡e ml = cm3 GK‡K
MV
Example:0.106g nvBWªwenxb Na2CO3 cvwb‡Z `ªexf‚Z K‡i 1.0 L `ªe‡b ˆZwi Kiv nj, `ªe‡bi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e-
A) 0.01 M B) 0.20 M C) 0.001 M D) 0.01M
Solvet
W
S M=106
MV V=1.0L
S 0 .
106 W=0.106
1061
=0.001M
1. Na 2CO3 Gi 500 ml ‡Wwm‡gvjvi `ªe‡b KZ MÖvg Na2CO3 _vK‡e?
A) 10.6 gm B) 53.3 gm C) 5.3 gm D) 53 gm
2.5% Nacl `ªe‡bi †gvjvwiwU KZ?
A) 0.75 M B) 0.95 M C) 0.85 M D) 1.65 M
3. 100 ml 0.5 Na2CO3 `ªeb †_‡K KZ ml †Wwm‡gvjvi `ªeb ˆZwi Kiv hv‡e?
A) 300 ml B) 200 ml C) 500 ml D) 600 ml
4.GKwU Gwm‡Wi AvYweK fi 63| H Gwm‡Wi 1.89 gm 200 ml cvwb‡Z `ªexf‚Z Kiv nj| H `ªe‡b wK cwigvb cvwb †gkv‡j NbgvÎv
0.1M `ªe‡b cwiYZ n‡e?
A) 300 ml B) 200 ml C) 100 ml D) 50 ml
5.250 ml 0.1M NaOH `ªeb ˆZwi Ki‡Z wK cwigvb NaOH jvM‡e?
A) 0.1 gm B) 10gm C) 40 gm D) 1gm

Type-4 t Abyi msL¨v

6.0231023xgm
x gm M¨v‡mi Abyi msL¨v =
AvYweK fi
 11gm CO2 - ‡Z KqwU Aby _v‡K?
6.023102311
Abyi msL¨v = = 1.5051023wU
44
 16gm O2 M¨v‡m KqwU Aby _v‡K

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
6.023102316
Abyi msL¨v = = 3.0111023 wU
32
 cÖgvb Ae¯’vq 1.7 gm NH3 M¨v‡mi AvqZb?
S.T.P †Z AvqZbfi
AvqZb (V) =
AvYweK fi
22.4  1.7
 = 2.24 L
17

Type-5 : wewµqv †_‡K cwigvb /†gvj msL¨v wbY©q

 ÷xg †_‡K 20g H2 cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki‡Z wK cwigvb Fe cÖ‡qvRb?

A) 466.gm B) 624 gm C) 416.6gm D) 206 gm
Solve:
3Fe+4H2O  Fe3O4+4H2
wewµqv †_‡K †`Lv hvq,
8gm H2 Drcbœ nq 355.855 gm Fe ‡_‡K
355.85 Ó Ó Ó
 1Ó Ó Ó Ó
8
32055.85 ” ”
 20 gm ” ” ”
8
= 416. 46 gm
RviY-weRviY

RviY (Oxidation):†Kvb †gŠj B‡jKUªb Z¨vM Ki‡j Zv‡K RviY e‡j|

weRviK c`v_© hw` †Kvb †gŠ‡ji RviY msL¨v e„w× cvq Z‡e †mB †hŠ‡M RviY NU‡e| †h †gŠ‡ji RviY NU‡e Zv‡K weRviK c`v_© (Reducing
agent) e‡j|
weRviY (Reduction):†Kvb †gŠj B‡jKUªb MÖnY Ki‡j Zv‡K weRviY e‡j|
RviK c`v_©:‡h †gŠ‡ji weRviY NU‡e Zv‡K RviK c`v_© (oxidizing agent) e‡j|
Example
i. FeCl3 + Sncl2 → Fecl2 + Sncl4
+3 +2 +2 +4
weRviY
RviY

myZivs Fecl3 RviK c`v_© Ges Sncl2 weRviK c`v_©

RviY-weRviY wewµqv †ei Kivi wbqg

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
RviY-weRviY wewµqv mn‡R †ei Kivi wbqg
Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU wewµq‡Ki RviY-msL¨vi cwieZ©b n‡j Zv‡K RviY-weRviY wewµqv e‡j| wKš‘ Avgiv mn‡RB ej‡Z cvwi, `ywU
wewµq‡Ki mshyw³i cwieZ©b n‡j RviY-weRviY wewµqv e‡j|
Example:
Fecl2 + Sncl4 → Fecl3 + Sncl2
cÖ_‡g Fe Gi mv‡_ `ywU Cl hy³ Ges c‡i wZbwU Cl hy³ n‡q‡Q A_©vr mshyw³ cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q myZivs GB wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY wewµqv|
 hw` `ywU wewµqK cÖ_‡g hy³ _v‡K c‡i gy³ nq A_ev `ywU wewµqK cÖ_‡g gy³ _v‡K c‡i hy³ nq ZLb GB wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY
wewµqv|
Example:
 CuO + NH3 → Cu + N2 + H2O
hy³ hy³ gy³ gy³
mshyw³ ej‡Z eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, wewµqK cÖ_‡g hy³ wQj c‡i gy³ n‡q‡Q myZivs H wewµq‡Ki mshyw³i cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q ZvB GB wewµqvwU RviY-
weRviY wewµqv|
 CaO + CO2 → CaCO3
hy³ hy³ hy³
mshyw³ AcwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q myZivs GwU RviY-weRviY wewµqv bq|
 CrO42- + H+ → Cr3+ + H2O
hy³ hy³
Cr Gi mshyw³ cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q wKš‘ H Gi mshyw³ AcwiewZ©Z myZivs GwU RviY-weRviY wewµqv bq|
Question: wb‡gœi wewµqvwUi †¶‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨? SnCl 2  2FeCl 3  SnCl 4  2FeCl 2
(A) Sn is oxidized (B) Cl is oxidized (C) Fe is oxidized (D) Cl is reduced
Question: ‡Kvb wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY bq?
(A) 2H 2 O 2  2H 2 O  O 2 (B) CO 2  C  2CO
(C) CaCO 3  CaO  CO 2 (D) Fe 2 O 3  3CO  2Fe  3CO 2 DËit- C
Solve :hw` `ywU wewµqK cÖ_‡g hy³ _v‡K c‡i gy³ nq A_ev `ywU wewµqK cÖ_‡g gy³ _v‡K c‡i hy³ nq ZLb GB wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY
wewµqv|
(A) Gi †ÿ‡Î wewµqK cÖ_‡g hy³ _v‡K c‡i gy³ nq myZivs wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY|
(B) Gi †ÿ‡Î CO2 mshyw³ cwiewZ©Z n‡q CO Ges wewµq‡Ki C cÖ_‡g gy³ _v‡K c‡i CO hy³ nq myZivs wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY|
(C) wewµq‡Ki CaCO3 cÖ_‡g hy³ wQj c‡i Drcv‡`(Ca,O mv‡_ Ges C, O mv‡_ ) hy³ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q myZivs mshyw³i cwieZ©b nq
bvB myZivs wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY bq|
(D) wewµq‡Ki FeO3 cÖ_‡g hy³ _v‡K c‡i Fe gy³ nq Ges CO mshyw³ cwiewZ©Z n‡q CO2 myZivs wewµqvwU RviY-weRviY
Question:.wb‡gœi wewµqvq †KvbwU mZ¨?SnCl2+2FeCl3 = SnCl4+2FeCl2
A) Sn RvwiZ n‡q‡Q B) Cl RvwiZ n‡q‡Q| C) Fe RvwiZ n‡q‡Q D) Cl weRvwiZ n‡q‡Q| DËit- A
Solve :wewµq‡Ki Sn Gi RviY msL¨v +2 †_‡K cwiewZ©Z n‡q +4 myZivs SnCl2 GKwU weRviK Ges GwU RvwiZ n‡q‡Q|
 wewµq‡Ki Fe Gi RviY msL¨v +3 †_‡K cwiewZ©Z n‡q +2 myZivs FeCl3 GKwU RviK Ges GwU RwiZ n‡q‡Q|
 Cl Gi RviY msL¨vi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bvB mZivs RvwiZ ev weRvwiZ wKQzB nq bvB|

RviY msL¨v wbY©‡qi wbqgvewj

wbqg ‡h †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ wbq‡gi eY©bv I D`vniY

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
1. †gŠj ‡gŠ‡j cigvYyi RviY msL¨v k~b¨| †hgb avZz, H 2 , Cl 2 , Fe , Cu BZ¨vw`|
2. GK-cvigvYweK RviY msL¨v Avq‡bi Avav‡bi mgvb|
Avqb
Fe2 , Fe3 , Cl  , O 2  Avq‡bi RviY msL¨v h_vµ‡g  2 ,  3 ,  1 ,  2 |
1A , 2A Ges 3A MÖæcmg~‡ni avZzi †hŠ‡M avZzi cigvYyi RviY msL¨v GB avZzi MÖæc
b¤^i|
3. n¨v‡jv‡Rb (K) mKj †hŠ‡M F -Gi RviY msL¨v  1 |
(L) n¨v‡jv‡Rb Ges O e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †h †Kvb †gŠ‡ji cigvYyi mv‡_ MwVZ wØcvigvYweK
†hŠ‡M n¨v‡jv‡Rb cigvYyi RviY msL¨v  1 |
(M) †Kvb n¨v‡jv‡Rb cigvYyi mv‡_ Dc‡ii ch©v‡qi n¨v‡jv‡Rb cigvYy †hŠM MVb Ki‡j
wb‡Pi ch©v‡qi n¨v‡jv‡Rb cigvYyi RviY msL¨v n‡e  1 |
‡hgb, ICl -G I -Gi RviY msL¨v  1 Ges Cl -Gi RviY msL¨v  1 |
4. Aw·‡Rb ‡ewki fvM †hŠ‡M Aw·‡R‡bi RviY msL¨v  2 , Z‡e cviA·vB‡W (†hgb, H 2 O 2 )
 O  O  eÜb _vKvi d‡j O -civgvYyi RviY msL¨v  1 | GQvov F -Gi mv‡_ MwVZ
†hŠM FO, FO2 , F2O | O -Gi RviY msL¨v abvZ¥K|
‡ewki fvM †hŠ‡M H -Gi RviY msL¨v  1 | Z‡e avZzi mv‡_ nvBWªvBW MwVZ n‡j
5. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
NaH  H -Gi RviY msL¨v n‡e  1 |
6. ‡hŠM I †hŠMg~jK ‡hŠ‡Mi †Kvb AYy‡Z ev ms‡KZ GK‡K mKj cigvYyi RviY msL¨vi †hvMdj k~b¨ n‡e|
Z‡e †hŠMg~j‡Ki †¶‡Î GB †hvMdj †hŠMg~j‡Ki Avav‡bi mgvb n‡e| †hŠM g~j‡Ki
Avavb‡K Zvi RviY msL¨v aiv nq|

Question: F2O Gi †hŠ‡M Aw·‡Rb Rvib msL¨v n‡”Q

A)  2 B)  2 C) 0 D)  1
Question:cUvwmqvg cvig¨sMv‡bU (kMnO4) Gi ( Mn ) Gi Rvib gvb KZ?
A) +A B) +5 C) +7 D) +6 DËit C
Question: C2 H 5OH  30 2  2CO2  3H 2O wewµqv m¤^‡Ü wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU fyj?
A) C-Gi Rvib msL¨v n«vm cvq B) H-Gi Rvib msL¨v AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
C) O-Gi Rvib msL¨v n«vm cvq D) wewµqvq O 2 weRvwiZ nq DËit A
2
Question:._v‡qvmvj‡dU S2 O3 Avq‡b me©‡gvU †hvRb B‡j±ª‡bi msL¨v KZ?
(A) 28 (B) 30 C)32 D)34 DËit- C
Solve : mvjdv‡ii Ges Aw·‡R‡bi me©ewnt¯’ ev †hvRb B‡jKUªb Gi msL¨v 6,PvR© -2 _vKvq `ywU †ewk B‡jKUªb i‡q‡Q myZivs
2
_v‡qvmvj‡dU S2 O3 Avq‡b me©‡gvU †hvRb B‡j±ª‡bi msL¨v=(6×2+6×3+2)=32

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© mg~n

 1 mol K 2 Cr2 O7 = 6mol FeSO4  6mol Na 2 S 2O3  3mol I 2  3molH 2O2  6molKI
 1mol KMnO4  5mol FesO4
 2mol KMnO4  5mol H 2C2O4 or 5mol Na 2C2O4
 2mol KMnO4  5mol H 2O2  5molI 2  5mol H 2 S

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

 2mol CusO 4  1mol I 2  2mol Na2 S2O3

 2mol Na 2 S 2 O3  1mol I 2  1mol H 2 O2
 1mol kIO3  6mol Na 2 S 2 O3
 1mol H 2C2O4  2mol NaHCO3  2molNaOH

Dc‡ii ‡h †Kvb m¤úK© †_‡K GKwU cÖkœ fwZ© cix¶vq Aek¨B Avm‡e

Math

Type-01
10ml NaOH `ªeY‡K NbgvÎvq 0.12M A·wjK GwmW Øviv UªvB‡Ukb Ki‡j cÖkgb we›`y cvIqv hvq| NaOH NbgvÎv KZ?
Solve : 1 mol H 2C2O4  2 mol NaOH

2  0.12  15  1  10  S
S  0.36M ( Ans)

Type-02

5Fe2+ + MnO4  8H 

5Fe3  Mn2  4 H 2O wewµqv‡Z 200ml 1m KMnO4 `ªe‡Y KZ gm Fe2 RvwiZ Ki‡e?
[Fe = 55.85]
Solve : wewµqv †_‡K cvB,
1 mol KMnO4 = 5 mol Fe2+
 w 
2+ 
s 
1L (1000ml) 1M Ó = 5  55.85mg Fe mv
 
 s  v  n(mol )
5 55.85
 1ml 1M Ó =
1000
5  55.85  200
 200ml 1M Ó = gmFe 2 = 55.85mg Fe2+ (Ans.)
1000
Question:GKwU 1.0 M †mvwWqvg nvB‡Wªv·vB‡Wi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi 100 mL †K m¤úyY©iæ‡c wbi‡c¶ Ki‡Z KZ AvqZb 0.5 M A·vwjK
GwmW cÖ‡qvRb co‡e?

A) 50 mL B) 100 mL C) 200 mL D) 400 mL DËit- B

Question: 5Fe  MnO4  8H  5Fe  Mn  4 H 2O wewµqv‡Z 1000mL 1M KmnO4 `ªe‡Y KZ MÖvg Fe2 RvwiZ
2   3 2

Ki‡e? Fe Gi cvigvYweK fi 55.85

A) 350.55g B) 279.25g C) 55.85g D) 25.85g DËit B
Solve : wewµqv †_‡K cvB,
1 mol KMnO4 = 5 mol Fe2+
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
1L (1000ml) 1M = 5  55.85mg Fe2+ =279.25gm Fe2+

Zwor-ivmvqwbK mvwi

weRviY wewµqv A¨vbvqb mvwi RviY wewµqv

K¨vUvq
b mvwi

K K  aq   e  Ks  
NO 3 aq   NO 3 g   O 2 g   e 
NO3  1
Ca 2  aq   2e  Ca s 
2 2
Ca
Na  Na  aq   e  Na s  SO 4
2 SO4
2
aq   SO4 g   O2 g   2e
Mg 2 
Mg 2  aq   e  Mg s  Cl  aq   Cl 2 g   e 
1
Cl 
Avavbgy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv e„w×

Al 3 2
Al 3 aq   3e  Al s 
Zn 2  Br  Br  aq   Br 2 g   e 
1
Zn 2  aq   2e  Zn s 
Fe2  2
Fe2  aq   2e  Fes 
I  aq   I 2  g   e 
Pb2 1
I
H Pb 2
aq   2e 
 Pbs  2
Cu 2  4OH aq   2H 2OI   O2 g   4e


H  aq   2e   H 2 g 
1 OH 
Ag  2
Au 3 Cu 2  aq   2e  Cu s 
Ag  aq   e  Ag s 
Au 3 aq   3e  Au s 
Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z hviv wb‡Pi w`‡K _v‡K Zv‡`i weRviY wefe me‡P‡q †ewk|hviv Dc‡ii w`‡K _v‡K Zv‡`i RviY wefe me‡P‡q
†ewk| hvi weRviY wefe me‡P‡q †ewk †m ZxeªZi RviK| hvi RviY wefe D”PZi †m ZxeªZi weRviK|
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb B‡jK‡UªvWwUi cÖgvY weRviY c‡Ubwmqvj m‡e©v”P?
A) H aq  / H 2 g , Pt B) Cu aq  / Cu s  C) Na aq  / Na s  D) Pt / F2 g  / F aq 
 2  
Ans. D
Solve:Zwor ivmvqwbK wmwi‡Ri wb‡Pi Avq‡bi weRviY wefe †ewk n‡e|

Concept:Zwor we‡kølY
bxwZ
Zwor we‡køl¨ †hŠM ev `ªe‡bi g‡a¨ GKvwaK Avavb ev A¨vbvqb Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j †Kvb AvqbwU Av‡M Avavbgy³ Zv Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwii
Ae¯’vb †_‡K Rvbv hvq|
mvwi‡Z †Kvb Avq‡bi Ae¯’vb hZ wb‡P Zvi Avavbgy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv ZZ †ekx| Cu2+Ges Zn2+Gi g‡a¨ Cu2+ cÖ_‡g K¨v‡_v‡W Avavbgy³
n‡e KviY Zvi Ae¯’vb wb‡P GKBfv‡e OH  I Cl  Gi g‡a¨ OH  Av‡M Avavbgy³ n‡e|
Avq‡bi Avavbgy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| Cl  Gi NbgvÎv Mvp (5.0 M) n‡j OH  Avqb A‡c¶v Cl  Gi
Avabgy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv †ewk|
avZe B‡j‡±ªv‡Wi Dci Avavbgy³ nIqvi cÖeYZv wbf©i K‡i| Hg K¨v‡_vW e¨envi K‡i Nacl Gi Zwor we‡kølY Kiv n‡j K¨v‡_v‡W Na
Drcbœ nq KviY GB B‡j‡±ªv‡W Na  weRviY ¶gZv H  A‡c¶v †ewk|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

CuSO4Zwor we‡køl‡Y Cu A¨v‡bvW e¨envi Kiv n‡j `ªe‡Yi †Kvb SO 4  2


/ OH  A¨vbvqb Drcbœ bv n‡q A¨v‡bv‡Wi.. RvwiZ n‡q
Cu 2 Drcbœ nq|
K¨v‡_v‡W K¨vUvqb Drcbœ nq Ges hvi weRviY wefe hZ †ekx n‡e ‡m ZZ mn‡R K‡_v‡W Drcbœ n‡e, A¨v‡bv‡W Avbvqb Drcbœ nq Ges hvi
RviY ¶gZv hZ †ekx †m ZZ mn‡R A¨vbv‡W Drcbœ n‡e|

wewfbœ `ªe‡Yi Zwor we‡kølY

wewfbœ B‡jK‡UªvW e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ `ªe‡Yi Zwor we‡kølY

B‡jK‡UªvjvBU `ªe‡Y Dcw¯’Z K¨v‡_vW Avavbhy³ K¨vUvqb I `ªe‡Y Dcw¯’Z A¨v‡bvW Avavbgy³ A¨vbvqb I
K¨vUvqb Drcv` A¨vbvqb Drcv`

H2SO4 `ªeY H Pt H+, H2(g) SO42-, OH- Pt OH-, O2(g)

NaCl `ªeY (jNy)  H+, H2(g) Cl-1, OH- OH-, O2(g)
H , Na Pt Pt
NaCl `ªeY (Mvp) H+, Na+ Pt H+, H2(g) Cl-1, OH- Pt Cl-, Cl2(g)
NaCl `ªeY (Mvp) H+, Na+ Hg Na+, Na(s) SO42-, OH- Pt Cl-, Cl2(g)
CuSO4 (`ªeY) Cu2+, Na+ Pt Cu2+, Cu(s) SO42-, OH- Pt OH-, O2(g)
CuSO4 I ZnSO4 Cu2+, H+ Cu Cu2+, Cu(s) SO4-, OH- Cu-Zn Cu, Cu2+Zn, Zn2+
`ªe‡Yi wgkÖY

Question: NaCl -Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi Zwor we‡køl‡Y †KvbwU Drcbœ nq bv?
(A) Na (B) Cl 2 (C) H 2 (D) NaOH Ans : (D)
Solve : NaOH Drcbœ nq NaCl Gi Mvp m¤ú„³ Rjxq `ªeY A_©vr eªvB‡bi Zwor we‡køl‡Yi d‡j| wKš‘ NaCl Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi Zwor
we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ NaOH Drcbœ nq bv|
Question: Zwor we‡kølY ‡Kv‡li K¨v‡_v‡W msNwUZ nIqv m¤¢e-
     
A) Na  Na  e B) K  e  K C) Cl  e  1 2 Cl 2 D) ‡KvbwUB bq Ans. B
Question: wbw¯Œq B‡jK‡Uªv‡W NaOH Gi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W †Kvb e¯‘ Drcbœ nq?

A) O2 B) OH C) Na D) H2 Ans. D
Question: Zwor we‡kølY †Kv‡li A¨v‡bv‡W msNwUZ nIqv m¤¢e?
     
A) Cl e  12 Cl 2 B) Na  e  Na C) H3O  e  12 H 2  H 2O D) ‡KvbwUB bq Ans. A
Question: wbw¯Œq B‡jK‡Uªv‡W H2SO4 Gi Rjxq `ªeY‡K Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W †Kvb e¯‘ Drcbœ nq?
A) S B) SO42 C) O2 D) H2 Ans. D
Concept:d¨viv‡Wi m~Î

1g m~Î

`ªe‡b ev MwjZ Ae¯’vq †Kvb Zwor we‡k­ l¨ c`v‡_©i ga¨w`‡q Zwor cÖevwnZ Ki‡j we‡qvR‡bi cwigvb Z_v B‡j‡±ªv‡W `ªexf~Z
ev RgvK…Z c`v‡©_i fi, cÖevwnZ we`y¨r Avavb ev we`y¨r kw³i mgvbycvwZK|
w  It W  ZIt
Question: CuSO 4 `ªe‡Y 1. 0 F we`y¨r PvR© cÖevwnZ Ki‡j KZ †gvj Kcvi Rgv n‡e??

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
(A) 0.5 mole at cathode (B)0.5 mole at anode (C)1 mole at anode (D)2 mole at cathode Ans:A
2+, CuSO
Solve:CuSO4 -2eCu 4 `ªe‡Y 2.0F we`y¨r PvR© cÖevwnZ Ki‡j 1.0 †gvj Kcvi ev 63.0gm Rgv n‡e , †h‡nZz 1. 0 F
we`y¨r PvR© cÖevwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q myZivs .5 †gvj Kcvi ev 31.75gm Rgv n‡e|

Concept:avZzi mwµqZv wmwiR

K
†Kvb avZz Kvi mv‡_ mn‡R wewµqv Ki‡e wK Ki‡e bv Zv Rvbvi GKgvÎ Dcvq n‡”Q avZzi mwµqZv wmwiR|
Na
‡h avZz hZ Dc‡i _vK‡e ZZ mn‡R wewµqv Ki‡Z cvi‡e A_ev cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e KviYZvi mwµqZv †ewk
Li
Al, Mn, Zn, Fe kxZj Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ wewµqvq wewµqvi MwZi ZxeªZv Al Gi me‡P‡q mwµqZv Ca
†ewk Ges Cu, Ag Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ wewµqvB K‡i bv| Mg
K, Na, Li kxZj cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqvq H2 cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i wKš‘ wewµqvq ZxeªZv k  Na  Li Gi µgvš^‡q n«vm cvq| Al
Mn
Zn
Fe
H
Question:†jvnv‡K gwiPvi nvZ †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ †Kvb avZzi cÖ‡jc w`‡Z nq- Cu
A) Zn B) Hg C) pb D) Ti Ans. A Ag
Solve:
 ‡jvnvi ms¯ú‡k© AwaKZi mwµq avZz A_v©r wb¤§ weRviY wefe wewkó avZz‡K ivLv nq ZLb †jvnvi RviY bv n‡q AwaK mwµq avZz
A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e Ges †jvnv †Kej K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i gwiPvi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv hvq|
mwµqZv wmwi‡Ri †ewk mwµq Dc‡ii †gŠj Øviv wb‡Pi Kg mwµq avZz‡K cÖ‡jc †`qv nq|
GLv‡b †jvnvi Dc‡i GKgvÎ Zn we`¨gvb _vKvq,&GwU Øviv cÖ‡jc †`qv nq|
Question: GKwU eY©nxb Rjxq `ªe‡Y †K¬vwib `ªeY †hvM Kiv n‡j `ªeYwU ev`vgx jvj eY© aviY K‡i Ges NO3 `ªeY †hvM Kiv n‡j
`ªeYwU njy` e‡Y©i Aat†¶c cvIqv hvq,`ªe‡Y †h †hŠM¨ i‡q‡Q-
A) NaCl B) NaNO3 C) Na2 S D) NaBr Ans. D
Solve: mwµqZv wmwi‡R †h †hŠM hZ wb‡P Zv ZZ `ªæZ wewµqv †`q|
 ‡d¬vwib wd‡K njy` M¨vm, ‡K¬vwib -meyRve, ‡eªvwgb-jvj e‡Y©i Zij, Av‡qvwWb-‡e¸wb
Question: PviwU †U÷wUD‡e wb¤œwjwLZ PviwU je‡bi eY©nxb `ªeY †i‡L cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z GKwU K‡i Zvgvi cvZ †XvKv‡j †Kvb `ªebwU †kl
ch©šÍ bxj n‡e?
A) NaCl B) AgNO3 C) Cd  NO3 2 D) ZnSO4 Ans : B
Question: wb‡Pi †Kvb A·vBW‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm Øviv weRvwZi Kiv hv‡e?
A) Al2O3 B) MgO C) CuO D) Na2O Ans. C
Solve:mwµqZvi wmwiR Abyhvqx †Kvb †gŠj Zvi wb‡P Aew¯’Z †gŠj‡K weRvwiZ K‡i wb‡R RvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b Ag, H2 Gi wb‡P
Aew¯’Z Avi evwK¸‡jv Dc‡i Aew¯’Z| ZvB Ag2O †K weRvib m¤¢e|

Concept:M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl wjLvi wbqg

 ‡Kv‡li g‡a¨ GKwU A¨v‡bvW Ges GKwU K¨v‡_vW cÖvbÍ _v‡K|

 A¨v‡bv‡W RviY wewµqv Ges K¨v‡_v‡W weRviY wewµqv msMwVZ nq|
 Zwor ivmvqwbK mvwi‡Z †h Dc‡i _vK‡e Zv‡K A¨v‡bvW Ges wb‡Pi B‡j‡±ªvI‡K K¨v‡_vW|
†hgb-Zn Ges Pb Gi g‡a¨ Zn Dc‡i weavq Zn n‡e A¨v‡bvW Ges Pb n‡e K¨v‡_vW|
 A¨v‡bvW Ges K¨v‡_v‡Wi gvSLv‡b `yBwU evKv jvBb w`‡q jeb †mZz hy³ _v‡K| Zn / Zn 2 // Pb 2 / Pb
 A¨v‡bvW Ges K¨v‡_v‡Wi Av‡M ev c‡i wewfbœ cvZ hy³ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Dc‡ii wbqg Abyhvqx hw` wewµqv msMwVZ nq ZLb H wewµqv‡K ¯^ZtùzZ© wewµqv ejv nq|
Question:. wbgœwjwLZ M¨vjfvwbK †Kvl m¤ú‡K© mwVK Dw³wU wPwýZ Ki?

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Zns  Zn 2  aq  : Cu 2 aq  Cu s 

A) The Zn electrode is the cathode B) Oxidation takes place at the Cu electrode
C) The Reaction Zn (aq) + Cu (s)  Zn(s) + Cu2+(ar) is spontaneous
2+

D) Electron flows form the Zn electrode to the Cu electorode Ans. D

‡Kvl wefe wbY©q Kivi bxwZ

Ecell=K¨v‡_vW(weRviY)-A¨v‡bvW(RviY)
Ecell  E o
ox anode  E ox Cathode  or = E oox anode   E o red Cathode 
o
or = E
o
R  EoL
 
Question: H2O2 †K MnO 4 Øviv RviY Kiv n‡j †Kvl wefe E wnmve Ki| Aa©-wewµqv¸‡jv nj -
cell
2 H   O 2  2e  H 2O2 ; E   0.68 V

MnO 4  8H  5e Mn 2   4H 2O; E   1.51 V
   
A) E =  0.83 V B) E =  0.83 V C) E = +0.38 V D) E = 2.19 V Ans: B
cell cell cell cell
Solve: Ecell=K¨v‡_vW(weRviY)-A¨v‡bvW(RviY) =1.51-.68=+.83
Question:.Zn2+ |Zn Ges Ag+|Ag ZworØvi `ywUi weRviY wefe h_vµ‡g –0.76 V Ges +0.80 V GB ZworØvi `ywU Øviv ˆZwi
†Kv‡li †gvU wefe KZ n‡e ?
A) -0.04 V B) +1.56 V C) +0.14 V D) -1.56 V Ans: B
Solve: Ecell=K¨v‡_vW(weRviY)-A¨v‡bvW(RviY) =+.80-(-.76)=+1.56V

Concept:K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi
wb‡`©kK ZworØvi gviwKDivm †K¬vivBW HgCl 2  jeY †K K¨v‡jv‡gj ejv nq|
K¨v‡jv‡gj B‡jw±ªW t Hg , Hg Cl 2 (s) / Cl 
2 Hg ()  2Cl  ( aq) Hg 2Cl 2 ( s )  2 e 
Question: K¨v‡jv‡gj B‡jK‡Uªv‡Wi MVb n‡”P-
A) pt, H2(g) / H B) Hg / Hg 2Cl 2 (s), KCl C) Zn/Zn2+/Cu2+/Cu
2
D) Mg (s)/ Mg / Ag  / Ag (s) E) Au, H2(g)/ H Ans. B

Concept:bvb©÷ mgxKiY
 ‡Kvl wef‡ei gvb wewµqvq Ask MÖnYKvix KYvi NbgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
 weï× KwVb ev Zij c`v‡_©i (avZzi) NbgvÎv aªæeK _v‡K Z‡e `ªexf~Z Avq‡bi NbgvÎvi gvb wewfbœ n‡Z cv‡i|
 M¨vmxq wewµq‡Ki NbgvÎv Zvi Pv‡ci mgvbycvwZK|
cÖgvYAe¯’v: `ªexf~Z Avq‡bi NbgvÎv 1 molL1 Ges M¨v‡mi †ejvq Pvc 1 alm †K cÖgvY Ae¯’v ejv nq|
cÖgvY Ae¯’v e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †h †Kvb Ae¯’vq †Kv‡li wefe Ges wewµqvq AskMÖnYKvix NbgvÎvi g‡a¨ m¤úK©‡K bvb©÷ mgxKiY e‡j|
E RT  Drcv`  E o  cÖgvY †Kvl wefe, n  wewµqvq ¯’vbvšÍwiZ B‡j±ªb msL¨v
cell  E  n F n  wewµqK 
o

Example:
2
Zn 2 Ges Cu Avqb؇qi NbgvÎv h_vµ‡g 0.1mol / L Ges 0.05 mol / L ,
25o C ZvcgvÎvq E o  0.76V Ges E o Cu 2  0.34 V n‡j wbgœwjwLZ wewµqvi †Kvl wefe KZ?
Zn / Zn2  Cu

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Solve : cÖgvY †Kvlwefe E o cell  E anode  Fcathobe = 0.76  (0.34) = 1.10

 E cell  E o  RT  n  Drcv`  = 1.10  8.314  298 n 0.1 = 1.091 volt

nF  wewµqK  2  96500 0.05
wewµqvwU ¯^ZtùzZ© KviY Ecell  tve

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

RxeweÁvb

cÖvYxi wewfbœZv I †kªwYweb¨vm(Animal Diversity & Classification)

cÖvwY‰ewP‡Î¨i cÖKvi‡f` t cÖvwY‰ewPΨ wb‡P ewY©Z wZb cÖKvi|

 wRbMZ ‰ewPÎ (Genetic diversity) t GKwU wbw`©ó cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ wR‡bi cv_©K¨‡K wRbMZ ˆewPΨ e‡j|
 cÖRvwZMZ ‰ewPΨ (Species diversity) t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi Rx‡ei g‡a¨ we`¨gvb ˆewPΨ‡K cÖRvwZMZ ˆewPΨ e‡j| `ywU cÖRvwZi cÖvYx KL‡bvB
GKiKg nq bv| GKB MYfy³ cÖRvwZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †µv‡gv‡Rvg msL¨v I Avw½K MV‡b h‡_ô cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq|
 ev¯‘Zvwš¿K ˆewPΨ (Ecosystem diversity) t c„w_exi wewfbœ A‡j wfbœ wfbœ Rjevqyi mv‡_ RxeRM‡Zi wg_w¯Œqvq wfbœ wfbœ cwi‡ekxq GKK ev
ev‡qvg (biom) m„wó nq| †hgb-giæ ev‡qvg, ebf~wg ev‡qvg, Z…Yf~wg ev‡qvg BZ¨vw`|
ce©-1 t Porifera (cwi‡div) ev wQ`ªvj cÖvYxi ˆewkó¨-
 Giv †Kvlxq gvÎvi (cellular grade) MVb m¤^wjZ cÖvYx|
 ‡`ncÖvPxi Aw÷qv (ostia) bvgK AmsL¨ wQ`ªhy³|
 w¯úwKDj bvgK AmsL¨ Pzbgq ¶z`ª KvUv A_ev ¯úwÄb bvgK GK cÖKvi ˆReZš¿ †`‡ni KvVv‡gv MVb K‡i|
 ‡Kvqv‡bvmvBU bv‡g we‡kl d¬v‡Rjvhy³ †Kvl|
 ¯ú‡Ävwmj bv‡g GKwU cÖk¯Í MnŸ‡i wgwjZ nq|
ce©-2 t Cnidaria (wb‡Wwiqv)-i ‰ewkó¨-
 ‡`ncÖvPxi wدÍix †Kvlhy³ ev wW‡cøveøvw÷K; evB‡ii ¯ÍiwU GwcWvwg©m Ges †fZ‡ii ¯Íi G‡ÛvWvwg©m ev M¨v‡÷ªvWvwg©m|
 ‡Rwji g‡Zv A‡Kvlxq †g‡mvwMøqv _v‡K|
 ‡`nvf¨šÍ‡i wm‡j‡›UiY (coelenteron) bvgK GKwU gvÎv cwicvK|
ce©-3 t Platyhelminthes (cøvwU‡njwgb‡_m) ev P¨vÞvK…wg -Gi ˆewkó¨-
 ‡`‡n cÖ_g wUmy¨-A½ gvÎvi (tissue-organ grade) MVb †`Lv hvq|
 P¨vÞv K…wg (flat worms) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 †iPbZš¿ wkLv‡Kvl (flame cell)|
ce©-4 t Nematoda (†bgv‡UvWv) ev †MvjK„wg -i ˆewkó¨-
 Nematoda c‡e©i cÖvwY¸‡jv myZvK…wg (thread worm) ev †MvjK…wg
 Giv my¨‡Wvwm‡jv‡gU
 ‡`n bgbxq; Bjvw÷b-wbwg©Z A‡Kvlxq wKDwUKj-G Ave„Z
ce©-5 t Mollusca (gjv¯‹) ev K‡¤^vR cÖvYx -i ‰ewkó¨-
 Mollusca cÖvYxRM‡Zi wØZxq e„nËg ce©|
 g¨v›Uj (mantle) bvgK cvZjv Avei‡Y †`n Ave„Z|
 ‡LvjK (shell) MwVZ nq|
ce©-6 t Annelida (A¨vwbwjWv) ev A½yixgvj -i ‰ewkó¨-
 G‡`i Pjb A½ KvBwUbgq wmwU ev †ckj c¨viv‡cvwWqv |
 ‡bwdªwWqv (nephridia) bvgK cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv cÖavb †iPb A½ |
ce©-7 t Arthropoda (Av‡_©ªv‡cvWv) ev mwÜc`x cÖvYx -i ‰ewkó¨-
 G‡`i †`n mwÜhy³ Dcv½wewkó, wØcvk¦x©q cÖwZmg, LÛKvwqZ Ges U¨vMgvUv (tagmata)-q wef³|
 ewntKsKvj KvBwUb
 KxU‡`I †iPb A½ g¨vjwcwRqvb bvwjKv
ce©-8 t Echinodermata (GKvB‡bvWvg©vUv) ev KÈKZ¡K cÖvYx -i ˆewkó¨-
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 ‡`n †gŠwLK (oral) I we‡gŠwLK (aboral) Z‡j web¨¯Í |
 Abb¨ Mo‡bi cvwb msenbZš¿ (Water Varcular System) i‡q‡Q|
 Gi mswkøó bvwjKv c` G‡`i Pjb A½|
Dcce©-1 t Urochordata (BD‡ivKW©vUv; MÖxK):wKQz cÖRvwZ mvBdb w`‡q m‡Rv‡i cvwb DrmvwiZ K‡i e‡j G‡`i mvMi †dvqviv (sea squirt) bv‡g
WvKv nq|
Dcce©-2 t Cephalochordata (†mdv‡jvKW©vUv):
 fjøvKvi cÖvYx (lanceolets)|
mb¥yL cÖv‡šÍ Iivj ûW (oral hood) Ges Zv‡Z Iivj wmwi (oral cirri) _v‡K|
Dcce©-3 t Vertebrata
‡kªwY-1 Chondrichthyes (KwÛªKw_m; MÖxK chondros = cartilage + ichthys = fish) t
‡kªwYfy³ gv‡Qi †`n AmsL¨ ¶z`ª cø¨vK‡qW (m~² KvuUvi g‡Zv) AvuBk |
cy”Q cvLbv †nUv‡ivmvK©vj (heterocercal) ai‡bi|
‡kªwY-2 Actinoperygii (A¨vKwU‡bvc‡UwiR; MÖxK actis = ray + pteryx = fine) t
 Z¡K MÖwš’gq Ges mvaviYZ mvBK¬‡qW (†MvjvKvi) ev wUb‡qW (KuvUvhy³) ai‡bi AvuB‡k Ave„Z|
 A‡bK cÖRvwZ‡Z evqy_wj ev cUKv _v‡K hv †`n‡K cvwb‡Z †f‡m _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
‡kªwY-3 Sarcopterygii (mv‡K©vc‡UwiwR) ; MÖxK sarkas t
 ‡`n M¨vb‡qW ai‡bi AvuB‡k Ave„Z |
 ‡jR WvBwdmvK©vj (diphicercal) ai‡bi A_©vr c„ôxq|
‡kªwY-4 Amphibia t
 G‡±v_vwg©K (ectothermic) †giæ`Ûx cÖvYx|
‡kªwY-5 Reptilia t
 GwcWvwg©m D™¢~Z AvuBk ev k³ †cøU w`‡q Ave„Z|
 ürwcÛ Am¤ú~Y©fv‡e Pvi cÖ‡Kvôwewkó|(e¨vwZµg Kzwgi m¤ú~Y© Pvi cÖ‡Kvô)

cÖvYxi cwiwPwZ(Hydra)
 Hydra-i cÖK…Z Avwe®‹viK A¨veªvng ‡Uª¤^‡j wjwbqvm Gi bvg †`b Hydra|
Hydra-i evwn¨K ˆewkó¨-
 †`‡ni gy³ cÖv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z, †gvPvK…wZ, †QvU I ms‡KvPb cÖmviY AskwU nvB‡cv‡÷vg| Gi P~ovq e„ËvKvi gyLwQ`ª Aew¯’Z|
 nvB‡cv‡÷v‡gi †Mvovi PZzw`©K wN‡i 6-10wU miy, †`n A‡c¶v wظY ev wZb¸Y j¤^v I duvcv myZvi g‡Zv Kwl©Kv (tentacle) Aew¯’Z|
 GK ev GKvwaK †MvjvKvi wW¤^vkq bvgK A¯’vqx Rbbv½ †`Lv hvq| cv`-PvKwZ †_‡K wbtm„Z AvVvj i‡mi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvYx †Kv‡bv Z‡ji mv‡_
†j‡M _v‡K| G‡`i ¶Yc` MVbKvix †Kv‡li mvnv‡h¨ MøvBwWs Pjb m¤úbœ nq|

wØå~Y¯Íix ev wدÍiwewkó cÖvYx (Diploblastic)

animal)
wØå~e¯’vq †h me cÖvYxi †`ncÖvPx‡ii †Kvl¸‡jv †Kej G‡±vWvg© I G‡ÛvWvg© bvgK `ywU wbw`©ó ¯Í‡i web¨¯Í _v‡K, †m me cÖvYx‡K wØå~Y¯Íix ev wدÍiwewkó cÖvYx
e‡j| c~Y©v½ cÖvYx‡Z ¯Íi`ywU h_vµ‡g GwcWvwg©m I M¨v‡÷ªvWvwg©m-G cwiYZ nq| G `y¯Í‡ii gvSLv‡b †g‡mvwMøqv bvgK A‡Kvlxq I †Rjxi g‡Zv (KLbI wKQz
†Kvl I Zš‘hy³) GKwU ¯Íi _v‡K| Hydra- wدÍix cÖvYxi GK PgrKvi D`vniY|

Hydra-i †`ncÖvPx‡ii †Kvlmg~n

†`n¯Í‡ii bvg †Kvlmg~n
GwcWvwg©m (ewntZ¡K) 1| †ckx-AveiYx †Kvl
2| B›Uviw÷wkqvj †Kvl
3| mœvqy †Kvl
4| ms‡e`x †Kvl
5| MÖwš’ †Kvl
6| Rbb †Kvl Ges

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
7| wb‡WvmvBU
†g‡mvwMøqv †Kvb †Kvl¯Íi bq, G‡K ms‡hvMKvix ¯Íi ejv nq
M¨v‡÷ªvWvwg©m (AšÍtZ¡K) 1| cywó †Kvl
2| MÖwš’ †Kvl
3| B›Uviw÷wkqvj †Kvl,
4| mœvqy †Kvl Ges
5| ms‡e`x †Kvl
B›Uviw÷wkqvj ‡Kvl (Interstitial cell) : Gme †Kvl cÖ‡qvR‡b Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi ewntZ¡Kxq †Kv‡l cwiYZ nq; cybiærcwË I gyKzj m„wó‡Z
Ask †bq Ges wKQzw`b cici Ab¨vb¨ †Kv‡l cwiYZ n‡q †`‡ni cyi‡bv †Kv‡li ¯’vb c~iY K‡i|
wb‡WvmvBU (Cnidocyte) t †Kv‡li gy³cÖv‡šÍ ¶z`ª, `„p, ms‡e`x wb‡Wvwmj Ges Af¨šÍ‡i MnŸi I cu¨vPv‡bv myZvhy³ †bgv‡Uvwm÷ enb K‡i| MnŸiwU
AcviKzjvg w`‡q XvKv| Av`k© †bgv‡Uvwm‡÷i myZvi ‡Mvovq eo eo 3wU KuvUvi g‡Zv eve© _v‡K Ges MnŸiwU wnc‡bvUw·b bvgK welv³ i‡m c~Y ©|
cwiùzUbiZ wb‡WvmvBU‡K wb‡Wveøv÷ (cnidoblast) e‡j|
Av`k© wb‡WvmvB‡Ui MVb:
‡bgv‡Uvwm÷: ‡Kv‡li †fZ‡i †cÖvwUb I †dbj-G MwVZ wnc‡bvUw·b bvgK welv³ Zi‡j c~Y© Ges GKwU j¤^v, miæ, duvcv I c¨uvPv‡bv m~ÎKhy³ ¯’yj cÖvPx‡ii
K¨vcmy¨jwU †bgv‡Uvwm÷ (Nematocyst; MÖxK, nema = myZv + Kystis = _wj) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
‡bgv‡Uvwm‡÷i cÖKvi‡f`:
Hydra- ‡Z Pvi cÖKvi †bgv‡Uvwm÷ cvIqv hvq|
 wó‡bvwUj ev †cwbUª¨v›U t wkKv‡ii ‡`‡n m~ÎK we× K‡i welv³ wnc‡bvUw·b cª‡ek Kwi‡q Zv‡K Aek K‡i †d‡j| GwU e„nËg †bgv‡Uvwm÷|
 fj‡f›U t wkKvi‡K Rwo‡q a‡i ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
 †÷ªc‡Uvwjb MøywUb¨v›U t AvVv‡jv im ¶iY K‡i Pj‡b I wkKvi ai‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
 †÷wiIwjb MøywUb¨v›U t AvVv‡jv im ¶iY K‡i Pjb I wkKvi AvU‡K iv‡L|
Hydra- Gi Pjb wewfbœ cÖKvi t-
(1) jywcs ev nvgv¸wo mvaviY I `ªæZ (2) mgvimwës ev wWMevRx j¤^v `iZ¡ AwZµ‡g
(3) MøvBwWs ev A¨vwge‡qW Pjb (4) fvmv
(5) mvuZvi (6) †nuPovb
(7) bZgyLx Pjb (8) †`‡ni ms‡KvPb cÖmviY
(9) µgms‡KvPb|

Nvmdwos (The Grasshopper)

cwiwPwZ:Nvmdwos †h‡nZz GKwU K‡i KvBwUbgq ewntKsKvj, GKwU wZbLÛwewkó †`n (g¯ÍK, e¶ I D`i), wZb‡Rvov mwÜhy³ cv, RwUj cyÄvw¶ Ges
GK‡Rvov A¨v‡›Ubv enb K‡i †m Kvi‡Y G‡`i Insecta †kªwYfy³ m`m¨ ev cZ½ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
‡kªwYweb¨vm
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Insecta
Subclass : Pterygota
Order : Orthoptera
Family : Acrididae
Genus : Poekilocerus
(Av‡Mi bvg = Poecilocerus)
Species : Poekilocerus pictus.
Lv`¨ (Food) t Nvmdwos Dw™¢`‡fvRx cÖvYx|

g¯ÍK (Head)
GwU †`L‡Z bvkcvwZ AvK…wZi Ges nvB‡cvMb¨v_vm (hypognathous) ai‡bi| g¯Í‡Ki ewntK¼v‡ji bvg †nW K¨vcmy¨j ev Gwc‡µwbqvg
(epicranium)|åbe¯’vq 6ô g¯ÍK wb‡q MwVZ|
 Nvmdwos Gi g¯ÍK GK‡Rvov cyÄvw¶, wZbwU mijvw¶ ev I‡mwj, GK‡Rvov A¨v‡›Ubv GK †mU gy‡Lvcv½ enb K‡i|
A¨v‡›Ubv (Antenna) ev ï½ t Giv ¯úk©, NÖvY I kãZi½ Abyfe K‡i| †¯‹c, †cwW‡mj I d¬v‡Rjvg-G wZbwU Ask wb‡q cÖ‡Z¨K A¨v‡›Ubv w`‡q
MwVZ|d¬¨v‡Rjvg 25 L‡Û wef³|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Nvm dwos-Gi †cŠwóKZš¿ (The Digestive System)

(K) AMÖvš¿ (Foregut or Stomodaeum) t

 GwU gyLwQ`ª †_‡K wMRvW© ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z|
 wMRv‡W©i cÖvPxb kw³kvjx I cyiæ e„ËvKvi †cwk w`‡q MwVZ| AšÍtcÖvPxi KvBwUbgq `uvZhy³| `„p ms‡KvPb-cÖmviY k³ Lv`¨‡K P~Y© K‡i|
 cvK¯’wj Ges AMÖv‡š¿i ms‡hvM¯’‡j 6 †Rvov duvcv, j¤^v †gvPvKvKvi _wj _v‡K †m¸‡jv n‡”Q M¨vw÷ªK wmKv (gastric caeca) ev †ncvwUK wmKv (hepatic
caeca)|
 †ncvwUK wmKv †_‡K cwicvK GbRvBg ¶wiZ nq| G¸‡jv Lv`¨ cwi‡kvl‡YI mvnvh¨ K‡i|
i³ msenbZš¿ (Blood Circulatory System)
(K) wn‡gvwmj (Maemocoel) t wZbwU cÖ‡Kvô ev mvBbvm (sinus) G wef³|
 c„ôxqc`©vi wVK Dc‡i Aew¯’Z †cwiKvwW©qvj mvBbvm (pericardial sinus); G‡Z ürhš¿ Ae¯’vb K‡i|
 c„ôxqc`©vi wb‡P Aew¯’Z †cwiwf‡mivj mvBbvm (perivisceral sinus); GwU †cŠwóKbvwj‡K aviY K‡i|
 A¼xqc`©vi wb‡P Aew¯’Z †cwiwbDivj mvBbvm (perineural sinus) MnŸi; G‡Z mœvqyi¾y Ae¯’vb K‡i|
(L) wn‡gvwjç (Haemolymph) ev i³ t
 eY©nxb cøvRgv Ges Gi g‡a¨ fvmgvb AmsL¨ eY©nxb i³KwYKv ev wn‡gvmvBU (haemocyte) wb‡q Nvmdwos-Gi i³ MwVZ|
(M) c„ôxq evwnKv (Dorsal vessel) t
 ‡`‡ni ga¨ c„ôxq Ae¯’v‡b iw¶Z GwU GKwU ¯ú›`bkxj A½| G A½ `ywU As‡k wef³-(i) Aw÷qvwenxb †mvRv bjKvi mb¥yL I cðvr A¨vIU©v Ges
(ii) ürhš¿| ürhš¿ mvZwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô wef³|
 cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡Kv‡ôi `ycv‡k GKwU K‡i wQ`ª _v‡K| wQ`ª`ywU‡K Aw÷qv (ostia) e‡j| Aw÷qvi gy‡L KcvwUKv we`¨gvb| ürh‡š¿i cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡Kvô
Dfqw`‡K wZb †KvYvKvi A¨vjvwi ‡cwk (allary muscle) w`‡q mw¾Z _v‡K|

k¦mbZš¿ (Respiratory system)

 ¯úvBivKj ev k¦vmiת (Spiracle) :
 Nvmdwos G †`‡ni Dfq cv‡k ‡gvU `k‡Rvov k¦vmiת we`¨gvb| G¸‡jv †cwiwUªg (peritreme) bvgK KvBwUb wbwg©Z †eo w`‡q cwi‡ewkóZ
_v‡K|cÖ_g `yB †Rvov e‡ÿ evwK †Rvov D`‡i|
 UªvwKqv ev k¦vmbvwj (Tracheae) :
 evqybvwj ev UªvwKqv hv Nvmdwos Gi cÖavb k¦mb A½|
 G‡`i cÖvPxi wZb ¯Íiwewkó| evB‡ii GwcWvwg©m MwVZ wfwËwSwjø, gvSLv‡b Pvcv eûfyRvKvi †Kv‡l MwVZ Gwc‡_wjqvg Ges †fZ‡ii wKDwUKj
wbwg©Z Bw›Ugv|
 wUwbwWqv _vKvq UªvwKqv KLbI Pzc‡m hvq bv| †gvU wZb‡Rvov Aby‰`N©¨ UªvwKqvj KvÛ †`‡ni ˆ`N©¨ eivei we¯Í…Z _v‡K|
†iPb Zš¿ (Excretory System)
Ab¨ me cZ‡½i g‡Zv Nvmdwos-Gi cÖavb †iPb A½I g¨vjwcwRqvb bvwjKv (malpighian tubule)| Z‡e †g`cy‡Äi
wKQy †Kvl Ges KvBwUb (chitin) AwZwi³ †iPb A½ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Ae¯’vb : †cŠwóKbvwji ga¨v¯¿ I cðv`v‡š¿i ms‡hvM¯’‡j AmsL¨ myZvi g‡Zv g¨vjwcwRqvb bvwjKv wn‡gvwm‡j we¯Í…Z _v‡K|
MVb :
KvR : Gwc‡_wjqvg †Kvl BDwiK GwmW, BD‡iU cÖf„wZ eR©¨ c`v_© wn‡gvwm‡ji wn‡gvwjç †_‡K †kvlY K‡i Ges c‡i BDwiK Gwm‡Wi `vbv wn‡m‡e A‡š¿
gy³ K‡i| c‡i GB `vbv`vi `~wlZ c`v_© g‡ji mv‡_ cvqyc‡_ wb®ŒvšÍ nq|

cÖRbbZš¿ (Reproductive System)

¯¿x dwos Gi D`‡ii IwfcwRUi (ovipositor) †`‡L cyiæl m`m¨ Avjv`v Kiv nq|
cysRbbZš¿ : Nvmdwos Gi cysRbbZš¿ ïµvkq, ïµbvwj ev fvm wWdv‡iÝ, †¶cb bvwj, †mwgbvj †fwmKj, wj½ cÖf„wZ mgš^‡q MwVZ|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
¯¿xRbbZš¿ : ¯¿xRbbZš¿ wW¤^vkq, wW¤^vbvwj, †hvwb, ¯úvg©v‡_Kv, ¯¿xRbbiת I Avbylw½K MÖwš’ wb‡q MwVZ|
cÖRbb cÖwµqv : cÖRbb cÖavbZ `yai‡bi-A‡hŠb I †hŠb|Nvmdwos †hŠb Dcv‡q eske„w× K‡i|

iæcvšÍi
(Metamorphosis)
Nvmdwos Gi iæcvšÍi : Nvmdwos-‡qi Rxeb BwZnv‡m wZbwU avc i‡q‡Q : wWg  wbç  c~Y©v½ cÖvYx|
 Nvmdwos Gi myôz iæcvšÍ‡i wewfbœ ni‡gv‡bi wg_w¯Œqv AZ¨šÍ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
 GKWvBm‡bi cÖfv‡e †gvPb wµqv ïiæ nq Ges cyi‡bv wKDwUKj †gvwPZ nq (G cÖwµqvi bvg GKWvBwmm)|

Nvmdwos-Gi cyÄvw¶ (Compound Eye)

 Nvmdwos-Gi gv_vi c„ôfv‡Mi Dfq cv‡k Aew¯’Z eo, e„šÍnxb, e„°vKvi, DËj, Kv‡jv AskwU‡K cyÄvw¶ e‡j|
 cÖ‡Z¨K cyÄvw¶ cÖvq `ynvRvi (cÖRvwZ‡f‡` 1200-1800 ev ZviI †ewk) lofyRvKvi IgvwUwWqv (ommatidia) wb‡q MwVZ|
 cÖwZwU IgvwUwWqvg G‡KKwU `k©b GKK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
GKwU IgvwUwWqv‡gi MVb I Gi wewfbœ As‡ki KvR D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
KwY©qv (Cornea) : KwY©qv IgvwUwWqv‡gi †j‡Ýi g‡Zv KvR K‡i|
wµ÷vjvBb †KvY (Crystalline cone) : †KvY ‡Kvl †_‡K wb:m„Z c`v‡_© wµ÷vjvBb †KvY MwVZ nq| GwU cÖwZmiYkxj A½ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i
IgvwUwWqv‡g Av‡jv cÖ‡e‡k mvnvh¨ K‡i|
iÄK AveiY (Pigment sheath) : G¸‡jv `xN© iw½b (Av‡jv KwYKv enbKvix) †Kvl hv †KvY †Kvl¸‡jv‡K wN‡i iv‡L| Zxeª Av‡jv‡Z G AveiY cÖmvwiZ
n‡q †KvY †Kvl¸‡jv‡K m¤ú~Y©iy‡c Ave„Z K‡i, Avevi g„`y Av‡jv‡K msKzwPZ n‡q AvswkK Db¥y³ iv‡L|
i¨ve‡Wvg (Rhabdome) : G‡K wN‡i Dc‡iv³ mvZwU †iwUbyjvi †Kvl Aew¯’Z| e¯‘Z, G †Kvl¸‡jvi ¶iY †_‡KB i¨ve‡Wvg MwVZ I cyó nq| Gi gva¨‡g
Av‡jv M„nxZ nq|
`k©b †KŠkj : Nvmdwos g„`y Av‡jvq mycvicwRkb Ges D¾¡j Av‡jvq A¨vcwRkb cÖwZwe¤^ MVb K‡i `k©b m¤úbœ
weMZ eQ‡ii wm‡jev‡m †Zjv‡cvKv AšÍfz³ wQj Ges †Zjv‡cvKv I Nvmdwos Gi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ _vKvq ‡Zjv‡cvKvi cÖkœ †`Iqv nj-

gvbe‡`‡ni cwicvK I †kvlY

cvK¯’jx
KvR t
 Lv`¨ mvgwqKfv‡e Rgv iv‡L|
 HCl e¨vK‡Uwiqv Ges RxevYy aŸsm K‡i|
 wgDwmb HCl Gi ¶wZKi f~wgKv †_‡K cvK¯’jx‡K i¶v K‡i|
 cvKi‡mi Dr‡mPK¸‡jv HCl Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Avwgl I †ønRvZxq Lv`¨ cwicvK ïiæ K‡i|

cwicv‡Ki ïiæ Ges

Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU†kl t gyLweei †_‡K ¶z`ªvš¿ ch©šÍ|
‡cÖvwUb t cv¯’jx †_‡K ¶z`ªvš¿ ch©šÍ|
wjwcW t ¶z`ªvšÍ (cÖavbZ wWI‡Wbvg)|

AMϬvkq
AMœ¨vkwqK i‡m wecyj cwigvY wewfbœ ai‡bi GbRvBg _v‡K 
1. ‡cÖvwUb w  cwj‡ccUvBW
Uªcwmb

2. ‡cÖvwUb KvB‡
  cwj‡ccUvBW
gvwUª cwmb

e w·‡ ccUvB‡ WR
3. cwj‡ccUvBW Kv
   A¨vwg‡bv GwmW
4. ÷vP© A¨vgvB‡
 jR
 wbDwK¬IUvBW
5. Pwe© jvB‡
cR  d¨vwU GwmW I wMømvwij
6. wbDwK¬K wbDwKj‡
 qR GwmW d¨vwU GwmW

7. ‡Kvjv‡Rb † 
KvjvwR‡ bR  †ccUvBW

8. dm‡dvwjwcW dm‡
dvjvB‡
cR
 d¨vwU GwmW
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
A¨v‡cwÛ· t gvby‡l wbw¯Œq A½ |
wmKvg t gvby‡l wbw®Œq A½|
‡Kvjb t gj †_‡K cvwb I jeY †kvlY K‡i|
‡iKUvg t AcvP¨ e¯‘ (gj) Rgv iv‡L |
cvqy t AcvP¨ e¯‘ (gj) †`n †_‡K ‡ei K‡i †`q|

hK…Z (Liver)
MVb: GwU gvbe‡`‡ni me‡P‡q eo I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© MÖwš’| Wvb, euv, †Kvqv‡WªU I K‡WU bv‡g 4wU Am¤ú~Y© LÛ wb‡q hK…Z MwVZ|
KvR: hK…Z †_‡K wcËim (bile) wbtm„Z nq hv Lv`¨ cwicv‡Ki GKwU AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb| GQvov hK…‡Z A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
ˆRe ivmvqwbK wewµqv msNwUZ nq| GRb¨ hK…Z‡K †`‡ni ˆRe imvqbvMvi (organic laboratory) e‡j|
hK…‡Zi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q t
 i‡³i AwZwi³ Myø‡KvR hK…‡Z MøvB‡Kv‡Rbiƒ‡c mwÂZ nq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b †f‡½ i‡³i Mø‡KvR gvÎv mwVK iv‡L|
 hK…Z wWA¨vwg‡bkb cÖwµqvq Ae¨eüZ I AwZwi³ A¨vwg‡bv GwmW †f‡½ A¨vwg‡bv MyÖc (- NH2) c„_K K‡i Ges Aiwbw_b P‡µi gva¨‡g BDwiqv
m„wó K‡i|
 hK…‡Z wfUvwgb (A, D, E, K, B6 I B12) mwÂZ nq|
 i‡³i cøvRgv †cÖvwUb hK…‡Z ms‡køwlZ nq|
 hK…Z g„ZcÖvq †jvwnZ i³KwYKv‡K i³ †_‡K AcmviY K‡i Ges bZzb †jvwnZKwYKv MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq KuvPvgvj mieivn K‡i|
 hK…‡Z RBC -i wn‡gv‡Møvweb †f‡½ wewjiæweb I wewjfvwW©b m„wó nq|

Møy‡KvwbI‡R‡bwmm (Gluconeogenesis)
 Møy‡Kv‡Ri Pvwn`vi †cÖw¶‡Z hw` hK…Z mwÂZ MøvB‡Kv‡R‡b NvUwZ c‡o ZLb bbKv‡e©vnvB‡WªU (Ak©Kiv) Drm †_‡K Mø‡KvR ms‡køwlZ n‡e| G cÖ wµqvi
bvg Møy‡KvwbI‡R‡bwmm|
 KviI i‡³ Møy‡KvR †j‡fj K‡g †Mj (nvB‡cvMøvBwmwgqv/(hypoglycaemia) wmgc¨v‡_wUK mœvqyZš¿ A¨v‡Wªbvwjb ¶i‡Y DÏxß nq|
wn‡gv‡Møvwe‡bi fv½b (Breakdown of Haemoglobin)
hK…Z cøxnv I jwmKv MÖwš’i g¨v‡µv‡dR bvgK we‡kl †k¦Z i³KwYKv MÖnY K‡i| hK…‡Zi g¨v‡µv‡dR‡K Kzdvi †Kvl (Kuppher cells) e‡j|

AMϬvkq (Pancreas)
MVb t AMœ¨vkq 20 †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v I 5 ‡mw›UwgUvi PIov GKwU wgkª MÖwš’| AMœ¨vk‡qi MÖwš’¸‡jv †_‡K †QvU †QvU bvwjKv †ewi‡q GKwÎZ nq Ges DBm©vs
bvwj (Duct of Wirsung) MVb K‡i| ¶z`ª eûfyRvKvi †Kvl GKwÎZ n‡q G‡KKwU AvB‡jUm Ae j¨v½vin¨vbm MVb K‡i|
G¸‡jv AšÍt¶iv MÖwš’ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
KvR t jvB‡cR wcË je‡Yi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z d¨vU‡K d¨vwU GwmW I wMømvi‡j cwiYZ K‡i| AMœ¨vk‡qi ewnt¶iv Ask †h me †cÖvwU‡qR ¶iY K‡i Zvi g‡a¨
cÖavb `ywU n‡”Q wUªcwmb I KvB‡gvwUªcwmb|
 AMœ¨vk‡qi ewnt¶iv Ask †_‡K AMœ¨vkq i‡mi Ask wn‡m‡e ¶wiZ nq evBKve©‡bU Avqb| AMœ¨vkq im Gfv‡e A¤ø-¶v‡ii mvg¨, cvwbmvg¨, †`nZvc
cÖf„wZ wbqš¿Y K‡i|
AMœ¨vkq im I wcË : CCK GKw`‡K cwicvK GbRvBg ¶i‡Y AMœ¨vkq‡K DÏxß K‡i, Ab¨w`‡K, wcË_wj‡K msKzwPZ K‡i| wcË hK…‡Z Drcbœ nq, wKš‘
mwÂZ I Nbxf~Z nq wcË_wj‡Z| wc‡Ëi p H 7.6  8.6 |
Lv`¨e¯‘i †kvlY
 ¶z`ªv‡šÍi Bwjqvg As‡k cwicv‡Ki P~ovbÍ ch©v‡qi †k‡l Drcbœ c`v_© †kvwlZ nq|
 Gme c`v_© †kvl‡Y wfjvB (villi) Av`k© MVb| Gi ‰KwkKRvwjKvq e¨vcb ev mwµq cwien‡bi gva¨‡g g‡bvm¨vKvivBW GwmW †kvwlZ nq| G wkiv
†kvwlZ Lv`¨mvi hK…‡Z gy³ K‡i|

iæB gvQ (Labeo rohita)

¯^fve t Rxe‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q iæB‡qi cQ‡›`i Avnvi n‡”Q cø¨vsKUb RvZxq Dw™¢` cø¨vsKUb Rxe| Av½ywj‡cvbv `kvq (fingerling stage) cÖavbZ
cÖvwYcø¨vsKUb MÖnY Ki‡jI †WmwgW (desmids), dvB‡Uvd¬¨v‡R‡jU (phytoflagellate), ˆkevj †iYy (algal spore) cÖf„wZI MÖnY K‡i| iæB gvQ 140
†mjwmqv‡mi wb‡P ZvcgvÎvq euvP‡Z cv‡i bv|
‡kªwYweb¨vm t
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Phylum : Chordata
Sub-Phylum : Vertebrata
Class : Actinopterygii
Order : Cypriniformes
Family : Cyprinidae
Genus : Labeo
Species : Labeo rohita
Labeo rohita-i evwn¨K MVb
iæB (Labeo) t GKwU Aw¯’gq gvQ| Pj‡bi mgq cvwbi †fZi MwZ evav cÖvß nq bv e‡j G ai‡bi AvK…wZ‡K ÷ªxgjvBÛ (streamlined) e‡j| iæB
gv‡Qi †`n wZb As‡k wef³| h_v-gv_v, †`nKvÛ I †jR|
‡`nKvÛ (Trunk) t GKwU c„ô-cvLbv I GK‡Rvov K‡i e¶ I †kªwY cvLbv enb K‡i|
‡jR (Tail) t cvqyi †cQ‡bi AskwU †jR| Gi kx‡l© i‡q‡Q †nv‡gvmvK©vj ai‡bi cy”Q-cvLbv| cy”Q-cvLbvB iæB gv‡Qi cÖavb Pjb A½| iæB gv‡Qi gv_v
AvuBkwenxb, †`nKvÛ I †jR wgDKvmgq mvBK¬‡qW AvuB‡k Ave„Z|
Labeo rohita-i i³ msenbZš¿: ürwcÛ, agbx, wkiv I ˆKwkKbvwji mgš^‡q Labeo-i i³ msenbZš¿ MwVZ|
ürwcÛ
(Heart)
 e¶ A‡j †cwiKvwW©qvj MnŸ‡i †cwiKvwW©qv‡g Ave„Z Labeo-i ürwcÛ `ywU cÖ‡Kv‡ô wef³-1wU A¨vwUªqvg Ges 1wU ‡fw›UªKj|
 G Qvov mvBbvm †f‡bvmvm bvgK GKwU DccÖ‡Kvô _v‡K| †fw›UªKj cyiæ I gvsmj, A¨vwUªqv‡gi A¼xqw`‡K Aew¯’Z Ges mb¥y‡L evj¦vm AvUvwiImvm G
Db¥y³|
 ürwc‡Ûi ga¨ w`‡q CO 2 -mg„× i³ †cQb †_‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K GKgywL cÖevwnZ nq| CO 2 -mg„× i³ evwnZ nq e‡j G ürwcÛ‡K †fbvm nvU© ev
wkiv ürwcÛ e‡j|
Laboe rohita-i k¦mbZš¿
 †h kvixie„Ëxq cÖwµqvq †Kvl ga¨¯’ Lv`¨ RvwiZ n‡q Kve©b WvB A·vBW wbM©Z K‡i Ges Lv‡`¨i w¯’wZkw³‡K MwZkw³iƒ‡c gy³ K‡i, †m cÖwµqv k¦mb
bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Pvi‡Rvov dzjKv (gill) G gv‡Qi k¦mb A½| cÖ‡Z¨KwU dzjKv †`L‡Z myZvi g‡Zv Ges G‡KKwU †nv‡jveªv¼ (c~Y©dzjKv), KviY cÖ‡Z¨K dzjKv `ywU m`„k
Aa©vsk wb‡q MwVZ| cÖ‡Z¨K Aa©vsk‡K e‡j †nwgeªv¼ (Aa©dzjKv)|
evqy_wj ev cUKv (Air bladder/Swim bladder):Labeo-i †giæ`‡Ûi wb‡P Ges †cŠwóKbvwji Dc‡i Aew¯’Z I †hvRK wUmy¨‡Z MwVZ cvZjv
cÖvPxiwewkó _wji bvg evqy_wj ev cUKv|
wewfbœ ai‡bi M¨v‡m (Aw·‡Rb, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Kve©b WvBA·vBW) c~Y© _v‡K| mb¥yL cÖ‡Kvô GKwU miæ bj w`‡q Abœbvwji mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| G b‡ji bvg
wbDg¨vwUK bvwj (penumatic duct)|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

gvbe kvixiË¡ t i³ I mÂvjb(Human Physiology : Blood &

Circulation)

i³ (Blood)
i³ t GKRb c~Y©eq¯‹ my¯’ gvby‡li †`‡n cÖvq 5-6 wjUvi i³ _v‡K A_©vr ‰`wnK †gvU IR‡bi cÖvq 8%| Gi ph gvÎv 7.35-7.45 Ges ZvcgvÎv 36-380
†mjwmqvm| i³

i³im ev cøvRgv(55)% i³KwYKv ev Kicvmj (45)%

cvwb (90-92)% KwVb c`v_© (8-10)%

†jvwnZ i³KwYKv ‡k¦Z i³KwYKv AYyPwµKv

A‰Re (0.9%) ‰Re (7-9)%

‡mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg,
K¨vjwmqvg, g¨vM‡bwmqvg A`vbv`vi KwYKv `vbv`vi KwYKv
dmdivm, Zvgv, †jvnv BZ¨vw` (i) wj‡ùvmvBU (i) wbD‡Uªvwdj
(ii) g‡bvmvBU (ii) BIwm‡bvwdj
(iii) ‡e‡mvwdj
‡jvwnZ i³KwYKv ev Gwi‡_ªvmvBU (Erythrocyte)
gvbe‡`‡ni cwiYZ †jvwnZ i³KwYKv ¶z`ª wØAeZj I wbDwK¬qvmwenxb PvKwZi g‡Zv jvj is‡qi †Kvl|
G‡Z wn‡gv‡Møvweb bvgK GK ai‡bi iÄK c`v_© _v‡K| wewfbœ eq‡mi gvbe‡`‡n cÖwZNb wgwjwgUvi i‡³ i³KwYKvi msL¨v n‡”Q t
 åyY‡`‡n 80-90 j¶;
 wkïi †`‡n t 60-70 j¶;
 c~Y©eq¯‹ cyiæ‡l t 50 j¶;
 c~Y©eq¯‹ ¯¿x‡`‡n t 45 j¶|
 i‡³ †jvwnZ KwYKvi msL¨v 50 j‡¶i †P‡q 25% Kg n‡j i³víZv †`Lv †`q| wKš‘ G msL¨v 65 j‡¶i †ewk n‡j Zv‡K cwjmvB‡_wgqv e‡j|
 å~Yxq Rxe‡b hK…Z, cøxnv I _vBgvm †_‡K Gme KwYKv m„wó nq| R‡b¥i ci 20 eQi eqm ch©šÍ †`‡ni cÖvq me j¤^v Aw¯’i Aw¯’g¾vi wn‡gvmvB‡Uveøv÷
(haemocytoblast) bvgK †Kvl †_‡K .
gvby‡li †jvwnZ KwYKvi Mo Avqy 120 w`b (A_©vr 4 gvm)|
‡jvwnZ KwYKvi KvR:
 †jvwnZ i³KwYKvi wn‡gv‡Møvweb dzmdzm †_‡K †`n‡Kv‡l AwaKvsk O 2 Ges mvgvb¨ cwigvY CO 2 cwienb K‡i;
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
i‡³i NbZ¡ I mv›`ªZv (viscocity) i¶v KivI Gi KvR;
Gme KwYKv i‡³ wewjiæweb I wewjfvwW©b Drcbœ K‡i|

†k¦Z i³KwYKv ev wjD‡KvmvBU (Leucocyte; MÖxK Leucos = eY©nxb, kytos †Kvl)

gvbe‡`‡ni cwiYZ ‡k¦Z KwYKv wn‡gv‡Møvwebwenxb, AwbqZvKvi I wbDwK¬qvmhy³ eo †Kvl|
G¸‡jv d¨v‡MvmvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqvq RxevYy aŸsm K‡i|
 †jvwnZ i³KwYKv I †k¦Z i³KwYKvi AbycvZ 700 t 1|
‡k¦Z i³KwYKv‡K cÖavb `yfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq, h_v-
(K) A`vbv`vi ev A¨vMÖ¨vby‡jvmvBU (agranulocytes) Ges (L) `vbv`vi ev MÖ¨vby‡jvmvBU |
(K) A`vbv`vi t AvK…wZMZfv‡e `y iKg t wj‡ùvmvBU (lymphocyte) I g‡bvmvBU (monocyte)|
(L) `vbv`vi t MÖvby¨‡jvmvBU wZb ai‡bi t
(i) wbD‡Uªvwdj (Neutrophil) t mvB‡UvcøvRg eY©-wbi‡c¶ `vbvhy³; (ii) BIwm‡bvwdj (Eosinophil) t `vbv¸‡jv BIwmb ićK jvj eY© aviY K‡i Ges
(iii) †e‡mvwdj (Basophil) t `vbv¸‡jv ¶vivm³ n‡q bxj eY© aviY K‡i|
†k¦Z i³KwYKvi KvR:
 g‡bvmvBU I wbD‡Uªvwdj d¨v‡MvmvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqvq RxevYy f¶Y K‡i aŸsm K‡i|
wj‡ùvmvBU¸‡jv A¨vw›UewW m„wó K‡i ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva K‡i (GRb¨ G‡`i AvYyex¶wYK ˆmwbK e‡j)|
 †e‡mvwdj †ncvwib ˆZix K‡i hv i³bvwji Af¨šÍ‡i i³RgvU †iva K‡i|

AYyPwµKv ev _ª‡¤^vmvBU (Thrombocytes or Platelets)

_ª‡¤^vmvBU ¶z`ªZg i³KwYKv| (wbDwK¬qvmwenxb)
G‡Z †cÖvwUb I cÖPzi cwigvY †mdvwjb bvgK dm‡dvwjwcW _v‡K|
_ª‡¤^vmvB‡Ui Mo Avqy cÖvq 5-10 w`b|
AYyPwµKvi KvR:¶Z¯’v‡b i³ZÂb NUvq Ges wn‡gv÷¨vwUK cøvM (hemostatic plug) MVb K‡i i³¶iY eÜ K‡i|

i³ RgvU euvavi (i³ ZÂb) †KŠkj

AYyPwµKvi fv½b
(evZv‡mi ms¯ú‡k©)
_ª‡¤^vcøvw÷b

wUmy¨i ¶Z

cøvRgvq †cÖv_ªw¤^b _ªw¤^b

(hK…‡Z Drcbœ nq) dvBweªb
2
cøvRgv GbRvBg Ca cøvRgvq dvBweª‡bv‡Rb
(hK…‡Z Drcbœ nq) (RgvU)

i³ZÂb Gi cÖavb d¨v±i¸‡jv-

 _ª‡¤^vcøvw÷b
2
 Ca
 †cÖv_ªw¤^b
 dvBweª‡bv‡Rb

jwmKv (Lymph)
 i‡³i wKQz Dcv`vb ‰KwkKRvwjKvi cÖvPxi †f` K‡i †Kv‡li Pvicv‡k Ae¯’vb K‡i| G Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e jwmKv e‡j|
 †ewk Pwe©hy³ Lvevi †L‡j jwmKvq d¨v‡Ui cwigvY †e‡o hvq Ges jwmKv `y‡ai g‡Zv mv`v †`Lvq| G ai‡bi jwmKv‡K KvBj (chyle) e‡j|
jwmKvi KvR:
wUmy¨i duvKv RvqMv †_‡K AwaKvsk †cÖvwUb jwmKvi gva¨‡g i‡³ wd‡i Av‡m|
 †`‡ni †h me wUmy¨‡Kv‡l i³ †cŠQv‡Z cv‡i bv †mLv‡b jwmKv Aw·‡Rb I cywó mieivn K‡i|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
B wj‡ùvmvBU †_‡K Drcbœ A¨vw›UewW †`‡ni cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv evwo‡q †`q|

gvby‡li ürwc‡Ûi MVb

 i³ msenbZ‡š¿i †h A½wU cv‡¤úi g‡Zv ms‡KvPb I cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g mviv‡`‡n i³ msenb K‡i, †mwU ürwcÛ (heart)|
 GKRb my¯’ gvby‡li RxeÏkvq ürwcÛ M‡o 2600 wgwjqb evi ¯úw›`Z n‡q cÖwZwU †fw›UªKj †_‡K cÖvq 155 wgwjqb wjUvi (ev †`o j¶ Ub) i³
†ei K‡i †`q|
 GKwU ürwc‡Ûi IRb cÖvq 300 MÖvg, ¯¿x‡jv‡K Zv cyiæ‡li †P‡q GK-Z…Zxqvsk Kg nq|

AveiY
 ürwcÛ GKwU wدÍix †cwiKvwW©qvg bvgK cvZjv wSwjø‡Z Ave„Z|
 Gi evB‡ii ¯Íi c¨vivBUvj Ges †fZ‡iiwU wf‡mivj †cwiKvwW©qvg|
cÖvPxi: ürwc‡Ûi cÖvPxi A‰bw”QK †cwk w`‡q MwVZ| Gme †cwk‡K ür‡cwk ev KvwW©qvK †cwk (cardiac muscles) bv‡g cwiwPZ| †cwk¸‡jv wZbwU ¯Í‡i
web¨¯Í _v‡K| †hgb-
 GwcKvwW©qvg (Epicardium)
 gv‡qvKvwW©qvg (Myocardium)
 G‡ÛvKvwW©qvg (Endocardium)
KcvwUKvmg~
n
Wvb A¨vwUªqvgI Wvb †fw›UªK‡ji ms‡hvMKvix wQ`ª UªvBKvmwcW KcvwUKv (tricuspid valve) -q msiw¶Z _v‡K|
 evg A¨vwUªqvg I evg †fw›UªK‡ji ga¨eZx© wQ`ªc‡_i KcvwUKv evBKvmwcW KcvwUKv (bicuspid) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
nvU©weU-KvwW©qvK Pµ (Cardiac Cycle):cÖvßeq¯‹ my¯’ e¨w³i ür¯ú›`‡bi nvi cÖwZ wgwb‡U cÖvq 70-80 evi|
nvU©weU-Gi gv‡qv‡RwbK wbqš¿Y Ges DÏxcbv
cwienb
 evB‡ii †Kvb DÏxcbv QvovB ürwc‡Ûi wµqv ¯^qswµqfv‡e wbqwš¿Z nq| G ai‡bi wbqš¿Y‡K gv‡qv‡RwbK wbqš¿Y (myogenic = muscle orgin;
myo = muscle + genic = giving rise to) e‡j A_©vr mœvqyZš¿ ev ni‡gvb, wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb DÏxcbv (stimulus) QvovB wbR †_‡K ür¯ú›`b
ˆZix nq|
mvB‡bv-A¨vwUªqvj †bvW (Sino-Atrial Node, ms‡¶‡c SAN): SAN †K †cm‡gKvi (pacemaker) e‡j KviY cÖwZwU D‡ËRbvi †XD GLv‡bB m„wó
nq Ges cieZx© D‡ËRbvi †XD m„wói DÏxcK wn‡m‡eI GwU KvR K‡i|

nvU© A¨vUvK (Heart

Attack)
ch©vß Aw·‡Rb-mg„× i³ mieiv‡ni Afv‡e KvwW©qvK †cwki aŸsm ev g‡i hvIqv‡K nvU© A¨vUvK e‡j|
nvU© A¨vUv‡Ki Aci bvg gv‡qvKvwW©qvj Bbd«vKkb myocardial infraction; gvivKvwW©qvj A_© ür†cwk, Avi Bbd«vKkb A_© Aw·‡R‡bi Afv‡e `g
eÜ nIqv|
nvU© †dBwjDi (Heart Failure): ürwcÛ hLb †`‡ni Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ch©vß i‡³i †hvMvb w`‡Z cv‡i bv ZLb G Ae¯’v‡K nvU© ‡dBwjDi e‡j|
‡cm‡gKvi (Pacemarker):ürwc‡Û Wvb A¨vwUªqvg cÖvPx‡ii Dci w`‡K Aew¯’Z, we‡klvwqZ KvwW©qvK †cwk¸‡”Q MwVZ I ¯^qswµq mœvqyZ‡š¿ wbqwš¿Z
GKwU †QvU Ask hv ˆe`y¨wZK Zi½ cÖevn Qwo‡q w`‡q ür¯ú›`b m„wó K‡i Ges ¯ú›`‡bi Q›`gqZv eRvq iv‡L Zv‡K †cm‡gKvi e‡j|

I‡cb nvU© mvR©vwi (Open Heart

Surgery)
kj¨wPwKrmK hLb †ivMxi eyK †K‡U Db¥y³ K‡i ürwc‡Û A‡¯¿vcPvi m¤úbœ K‡ib ZLb †m cÖwµqv‡K I‡cb nvU© mvR©vwi e‡j|
I‡cb nvU© mvR©vwii KviY-

I‡cb nvU© mvR©vixi cÖKvi‡f`

I‡cb nvU© mvR©vix cªavbZ wb‡P ewY©Z wZb Dcv‡q Kiv nq|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 Ab-cv¤ú mvR©vix (On-pump surgery) t
 GwU n‡”Q cÖPwjZ c×wZ| G cÖwµqvq kj¨wPwKrmK hLb A‡¯¿vcPvi K‡ib ZLb ürwc‡Û i³I _v‡K bv, ür¯ú›`bI nq bv|
 Ad-cv¤ú mvR©vix ev wewUs nvU© (Off-pump surgery or beating heart) t )
 G ai‡bi mvR©vix‡Z ü`-dzmdzm †gwkb e¨eüZ nq bv, eis wPwKrmK mwµq ür¯ú›`biZ ürwc‡ÛB A‡¯¿vcPvi K‡ib| Z‡e ür¯ú›`‡bi nvi Ilya
cÖ‡qv‡Mi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Dcv‡q mvgvb¨ gš’i K‡i ivLv nq|
 ‡iveU-mn‡hvMx mvR©vix (Robot-assisted surgery)t
G ai‡bi mvR©vix‡Z kj¨wPwKrmK we‡kl Kw¤úDUvi-wbqwš¿Z †ivewUK nvZ (hvwš¿K nvZ) Gi mvnv‡h¨ A‡¯¿vcPvi K‡ib|
K‡ivbvwi evBcvm (Coronary Bypass):
 GK ev GKvwaK K‡ivbvwi agwbi jy¨‡gb iƒ× n‡q †M‡j ürwc‡Û i³ mieivn Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z A‡¯¿vcPv‡ii gva¨‡g †`‡ni Ab¨ Ask †_‡K (†hgb-cv
†_‡K) GKwU my¯’ i³evwnKv ‡K‡U G‡b iƒ× agbxi cv‡k ¯’vcb K‡i i³ mieiv‡ni †h weKí c_ m„wó Kiv nq Zv‡K K‡ivbvwi evBcvm e‡j|
 agwbi jy¨‡gb hw` 90-99% msKxY© n‡q hvq ZLb Aw¯’i A¨vbRvBbv (unstable angina) Z¡ivwš^Z nq| Ggb Ae¯’vq K‡ivbvwi evBcvm Kvh©µg MÖnY
Kiv Qvov Dcvq _v‡K bv|
GbwRIcøvw÷ (Angioplasty):
 eo ai‡bi A‡¯¿vcPvi bv K‡i ürwc‡Ûi msKxY© jy¨‡gbhy³ ev iƒ× n‡q hvIqv K‡ivbvwi agwb cybivq cÖk¯Í jy¨‡gbhy³ ev Db¥y³ Kivi c×wZ‡K GbwRIcøvw÷
(angio = i³evwnKv + plasty = cybwb©gvY) e‡j|
 GbwRIcøvw÷ 4 ai‡bi t
1.†ejyb GbwRIcøvw÷ (Ballon angioplasty),
2.†jRvi GbwRIcøvw÷ (Laser angioplasty),
3.A¨v_‡iKUwg (Athrectomy) I
4.K‡ivbvwi †÷bwUs (Coronary stenting)|

gvbe kvixiZË¡ t k¦vm wµqv I k¦mb

gvby‡li k¦mbZš¿
gvby‡li k¦mb A½ n‡j GK‡Rvov dymdzm (lungs)|
†h c_ w`‡q dzmdz‡m evqy cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges dzmdzm †_‡K Zv ewnM©Z nq Zv‡K k¦mb c_ (respiratory passage) e‡j|
 ¯^ihš¿ (Larynx) t
 G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ _vBi‡qW ZiæYvw¯’ me‡P‡q eo GwU Mjvi mvg‡b DuPz n‡q I‡V (cyiæ‡l)| nvZ w`‡j Gi Ae¯’vb eySv hvq Ges evB‡i †_‡K †`Lv hvq|
G‡K Adam’s Apple e‡j|
¯^ih‡š¿i Dc‡i _v‡K GKwU †QvU GwcMøwUm (epiglottis)| UvbUvb Ae¯’vq evqy Øviv ¯^ii¾y Kw¤úZ n‡q kã Drcbœ K‡i|
 dzmdzm (Lungs) t e¶MnŸ‡ii `yÕw`‡K `ywU dzmdzm Aew¯’Z| cøyiv (plura) bvgK w`¯Íix GKwU cvZjv Avei‡Y dzmdzm `ywU Ave„Z _v‡K|
¯Íi `ywUi gv‡S †mivm d¬zBW (serous fluid) bvgK Zij c`v_© we`¨gvb|
 G Zij c`v_© dzmdzm‡K Nl©YRwbZ AvNvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i|
eªw¼I‡ji AwZm~² I Zibvw¯’wenxb cÖvšÍ¸‡jv‡K A¨vjwfIjvi bvwj (alveolar duct) e‡j|
 cÖwZwU bvwj G‡KKwU A¨vjwfIjvi _wj (alveolar sac)- †Z Db¥y³ nq| cÖwZwU A¨vjwfIjvi _wj KZK¸‡jv A¨vjwfIjvB (alveoli) wb‡q MwVZ|
A¨vjwfIjv‡mi MVb
dzmdz‡m †¯‹vqvgvm Gwc‡_wjq †Kv‡l MwVZ I ‰KwkK RvwjKvmg„× cÖ‡Kv‡ôi g‡Zv M¨vmxq wewbgq Zj‡K A¨vjwfIjvm (eû eP‡b A¨vjwfIjvB) e‡j|
 A¨vjwfIjvm cÖvPx‡ii wKQz we‡kl †Kvl cÖvPx‡ii AšÍtZ‡j wWUvi‡R›U (detergent) Gi g‡Zv ivmvqwbK c`v_© ¶iY K†i| G c`v_©‡K mvi‡dKU¨v›U
(surfactant) e‡j|
23 mßvn eq¯‹ gvbeå~‡Y me©cÖ_g mvi‡dKU¨v›U ¶iY ïiæ nq| G Kvi‡Y 24 mßv‡ni Av‡M gvbeå~Y‡K ¯^vaxb Aw¯Í‡Z¡i AwaKvix MY¨ Kiv nq bv|

mvBbymvBwUm
Ae¯’vb‡f‡` cÖKvi‡f` t
(Sinusitis)
gvby‡li Pvi‡Rvov mvBbvm (c¨vive¨vmvj mvBbvm) i‡q‡Q-g¨vw·jvwi, G_gqWvj, d«›Uvj I †ùbqWvj mvBbvm| Gme mvBbv‡m m„ó mvBbymvBwU‡mi aibI
wfbœ|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
mvBbv‡mi bvg cÖ`v‡ni aiY
1| g¨vw·jvwi mvBbvm g¨vw·jvwi A‡j (Mv‡j) e¨_v ev Pvc, †hgb-`uvZ e¨_v, gv_v e¨_v BZ¨vw`|
2| d«›Uvj mvBbvm d«›Uvj mvBbvm MnŸ‡i (†Pv‡Li Dc‡i Aew¯’Z) e¨_v ev Pvc, gv_v e¨_v|
3| G_gqWvj mvBbvm `y‡Pv‡Li gvSLv‡b ev †cQ‡b e¨_v, gv_v e¨_v|
4| †ùbqWvj mvBbvm ‡Pv‡Li †cQ‡b ev gv_vi P~ovq e¨_v ev Pvc|

IwUwUm wgwWqv (Otitis media):

Kv‡bi †fZ‡i ev evB‡i †h †Kvb As‡k msµgYRwbZ cÖ`vn‡K IwUwUm (otitis) e‡j| Kv‡bi ga¨K‡Y© msµgYRwbZ cÖ`vn‡K IwUwUm wgwWqv (otitis
media/middle ear infection) e‡j|
 ¯’vwq‡Z¡i wfwˇZ IwUwUm wgwWqv `yiKg n‡Z cv‡i t h_v-
(1) ¯^í¯’vqx ev A¨vwKDU (acute otitis media) I
(2) `xN©¯’vqx ev †µvwbK (chronic otitis media)|
 G `yai‡bi KY©cÖ`vn h_vµ‡g Zxeª KY©cÖ`vn I Zij RgvU KY©cÖ`vn (otitis media with effusion)-I e‡j|
gvbe kvixiZË¡ t eR©¨ I wb®‹vkb:
†iPb c`v_© wb®‹vk‡bi Rb¨ gvbe‡`‡n mywbw`©ó A½ Zš¿ i‡q‡Q hv †iPbPš¿ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Gi gva¨‡gB kZKiv 80 fvM †iPb c`v_© wb®‹vwkZ nq|
evwK 20 fvM †iPb c`v_© wewfbœ wµqvK‡g© Drcbœ I wewfbœ A‡½i gva¨‡g wb®‹vwkZ nq|
gvby‡li cÖavb †iPb A½ ej‡Z e„°-‡K †evSvq|
e„‡°i MVb:
 †giæ`‡Ûi `ycv‡k e¶wcćii wb‡P I c„ôcÖvPxi msjMœ n‡q `ywU e„° (Kidney) hy³_v‡K|
 mvaviYZ evg e„°wU Wvb e„‡°i †P‡q mvgvb¨ Dc‡i _v‡K|
 GKwU cwiYZ e„‡°i ˆ`N©¨ 10-12 ‡mw›UwgUvi, cÖ¯’ 5-6 †mw›UwgUvi Ges ¯’yjZ¡ 3 †mw›UwgUvi|
 cÖ‡Z¨KwUi IRb cyiæ‡l 150-170 MÖvg Ges ¯¿x‡jv‡K 130-150 MÖvg|
 AeZj As‡ki fuvR‡K nvBjvm e‡j| mgMÖ e„° K¨vcmy¨j (capsule) bvgK Zš‘gq †hvRK wUmy¨i my`„p Avei‡Y †ewóZ|
 K¨vcmy¨‡ji wb‡P AZ¨šÍ Nb mwbœweó KwU©K¨vj ¯Íi Ges Gi †fZ‡ii w`‡K A‡c¶vK…Z nvjKv †gWyjv (medulla) ¯Íi †`Lv hvq|
 cÖwZwU e„‡° AmsL¨ (cÖvq 10 j¶) †bd«b _v‡K|
e„‡°i KvR:
e„° †hme Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ †m¸‡jv n‡”Qt i³ †_‡K †cÖvwUb wecv‡K m„ó bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ eR©¨ AcmviY Kiv;
†`‡n Ges i‡³ cvwbi fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv;
i‡³ †mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg, K¨vjwmqvg, dm‡dU Ges †K¬vivBWmn wewfbœ je‡Yi cwigvY wbqš¿Y Kiv;
i‡³ A¤ø I ¶v‡ii fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv;
ni‡gvb (h_v-Gwi‡_ªv‡cv‡qwUb) I GbRvBg (h_v-‡ibxb) wbtmiY Kiv;
i³Pvc wbqš¿Y Kiv; †`‡n cÖweó cÖwZwel I †flR c`v_©mgyn †`n †_‡K AcmviY Kiv BZ¨vw`|
†bd«b (Nephron):
e„‡°i MvVwbK I Kvwh©K GKK‡K †bd«b e‡j| gvby‡li cÖ‡Z¨K e„‡° 10 j¶ ‡_‡K 12 j¶ †bd«b i‡q‡Q|
 e„‡°i gva¨‡g cÖwZ wgwb‡U i³ †_‡K 125 Nb †m.wg. Zij c`v_© cwikÖyZ nq|
cÖvq 99% cvwbB Avevi i‡³ wd‡i hvq, mvaviYZ cÖwZ wgwb‡U †Kej 1 Nb †m.wg. g~Î m„wó nq|
cÖ‡Z¨K †bd«b 2wU cÖavb As‡k wef³ t
(K) †ibvj Kicvmj Ges
(L) †ibvj wUDey¨jm
‡ibvj Kicvmj Renal corpuscle ev g¨vjwcwRqvb KwYKv ev g¨vjwcwRqvb
ewW
 GwU e„‡°i K‡U©‡· Aew¯’Z Ges †evg¨vbm K¨vcmyj (Bowman’s I †Møv‡giæjvm (glomerulus) wb‡q MwVZ|
(i) ‡evg¨vbm K¨vcmy¨j t
†ibvj Kicvm‡j †Møv‡giæjvi ˆKwkK RvwjKv¸”Q‡K wN‡i Aew¯’Z I AuvBkvKvi Gwc‡_wjqv‡g MwVZ wدÍi x †cqvjvi g‡Zv cÖmvwiZ Ask‡K †evg¨vbm
K¨vcmy¨j e‡j|
(ii) ‡Møv‡giæjvm t

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
†ibvj agwb †_‡K m„ó GKwU ¶z`ª AšÍe©vnx ev A¨vdv‡i›U agwbKv (afferent arteriole)-†evg¨vbm K¨vcmy¨‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges 50-60wU ˆKwkK RvwjKvq
wef³ n‡q †Møv‡gijvm MVb K‡i|
‡ibvj wUDey¨jm (Renal tubules)
†ibvj wUDey¨‡jm PviwU wb‡Pi ewY©Z As‡k wef³, h_v 
(i)wbKUeZx© c¨uvPv‡bv bvwjKv (Proximal convoluted tubule) t †evg¨vbm K¨vcmy¨‡ji mv‡_ mshy³ GwU cÖvq 14 wgwjwgUvi j¤^v cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv|
me‡P‡q eo Ask|
(ii) ‡nbwji jyc (Loop of Henle) t GKwU U AvK…wZi duvm ev jyc MVb K‡i |
(iii) `~ieZx© c¨uvPv‡bv bvwjKv (Distal convulated tubule)
(iv) msMÖvnx bvwj (Collecting duct)

†iP‡bi kvixie„Ë
gvby‡li cÖavb bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ †iPb eR©¨ n‡jvt BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW, A¨v‡gvwbqv, wµ‡qwUwbb BZ¨vw`|

g~Î m„wó (Formation of Urine)

eÁvbx Kzkbx (Cushney, 1917)-i g‡Z, wb‡P ewY©Z 3wU av‡c gvby‡l g~Î m„wó nq|
 AwZcwimªveY (Ultrafiltration) t
†Møv‡giæjvm i‡³i nvB‡Wªv÷¨vwUK Pv‡c i‡³i †cÖvwUb I i³KwYKv Qvov mg¯Í cvwb, jeY, kK©iv, BDwiqv, BDwiK GwmW cÖf„wZ cwimªveY cÖw µqvq
‰KwkKRvwjKvi G‡Ûv‡_wjqvg I wfwËwSwjø Ges †ibvj K¨vcmy¨‡ji Gwc‡_wjqvg †f` K‡i K¨vcmy¨jvi †¯ú‡m Rgv nq|
wbe©vPbg~jK cybt‡kvlY (Selective reabsorption) t
Gi g‡a¨ 80% cybt‡kvwlZ nq wbKUeZx© cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKvq| evwK 20% †nbwj, `yieZx© cu¨vPv‡bv bvwjKv I msMÖvnx bvwj‡Z †kvwlZ nq|
 mwµq ¶iY (Active secretion) t
g~‡Îi cwigvb (Amount of urine excreted):
wKQz `ªe¨ g~‡Îi ¯^vfvweK cÖevn‡K evwo‡q †`q| Gme `ªe¨B WvBBD‡iwUKm (diuretics) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
cvwb, jebv³ cvwb, Pv Ges Kwd G ai‡bi `ªe¨|
g~‡Îi Dcv`vb (Components of Urine):
e„‡° ˆ`wbK 0.5 †_‡K 2.5 wjUvi g~Î Drcbœ nq|
BD‡iv‡µvg bvgK c`v_© _vKvq g~Î Lo (straw) e‡Y©i nq|
g~Î mvgvb¨ A¤øxq, Gi p H gvb 6.5| g~‡Îi Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ 1.01-1.50|
Am‡gv‡i¸‡jk‡b e„‡°i f~wgKv
†Kvl ev †`nvf¨šÍixY Am‡gvwUK Pv‡ci mwµq wbqš¿Y‡K Am‡gv‡i¸‡jkb (osmoregulation) e‡j|
 wKš‘ cvwb MÖn‡Yi cwigvY Kg n‡j †ewk Nb g~Î (hypertonic urine) Drcbœ K‡i kix‡i cvwb msi¶Y K‡i|

cybt‡kvlY n«vm
 `~ieZx© ev wW÷vj c¨uvPv‡bv bvwjKv (Distal Convoluted Tubule, DCT) I msMÖvnx bvwjKvi cÖvPx‡ii †f`¨Zv wbqwš¿Z nq wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’i cðvr
LÛ †_‡K wbtm„Z A¨vw›UWvBBD‡iwUK ni‡gvb (Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH) Gi mvnv‡h¨| G ni‡gvbwU f¨v‡mv‡cÖvwmb bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
 †`ni‡m cvwbi gvÎv †e‡o †M‡j i‡³i AvqZbI ‡e‡o hvq wKš‘ Gi d‡j ADH ¶iY K‡g hvq|
Zvr¶wYK weKj e„°

e„° weK‡ji cÖwZKv‡i we‡klÁiv 3wU cš’vi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb 

(1) wbqwš¿Z Avnvi
(2) WvqvjvBwmm Ges
(3) e„° cÖwZ¯’vcb|

WvqvjvBwmm (Dialysis)
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

 GKwU ˆelg¨‡f`¨ wSwjøi †fZi w`‡q wbe©vPbg~jK e¨vcb cÖwµqvq †Kv‡bv `ªe‡Y KjqWvj c`v_© †_‡K `ªexf~Z c`v‡_©i c„_KxKiY‡K WvqvjvBwmm e‡j|
WvqvjvBwmm `yÕai‡bi 
(K) wn‡gvWvqvjvBwmm (Haemodialysis) Ges
(L) †cwi‡Uvwbqvj WvqvjvBwmm (Peritoneal dialysis)|
 wn‡gvWvqvjvBwmm
WvqvjvB‡m‡Ui Dcv`vb t wn‡gvWvqvjvBwm‡mi D‡Ï‡k WvqvjvBwmm wUDe¸‡jv‡K †h `ªe‡Y ivLv nq Zv‡K WvqvjvB‡mU e‡j| Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡”Q 
mwVK ZvcgvÎv (w¯’i †`n ZvcgvÎv); mwVK AvqwbK fvimvg¨, we‡kl K‡i Na  , K  , Cl 1 , Mg 2 , Ca 2 I HCO 3 (Gwm‡UU iƒ‡c); AwZwi³ cywó,
‡hgb Møy‡KvR; mwVK p H I evdvwis ¶gZv (buffering capacity) BZ¨vw`|
 ‡cwi‡Uvwbqvj WvqvjvBwmm t
K…wÎg wSwjøi cwie‡Z© †`‡n Aew¯’Z AK…wÎg †cwi‡Uvwbqvj wSwjø (†cwi‡Uvwbqvg) †K WvqvjvBwms wSwjø wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i e„‡°i WvqvjvBwmm cÖwµqv‡K
†cwi‡Uvwbqvj WvqvjvBwmm e‡j| G WvqvjvBwm‡mi Av‡iK bvg Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, ms‡¶‡c CAPD |
i‡³ †mvwWqv‡gi gvÎv wbqš¿Y:
i‡³i cøvRgvq †mvwWqv‡gi gvÎv w¯’i ivL‡Z †h ni‡gvbwU wbqš¿‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i †mwU n‡”Q A¨vj‡Wv‡÷iY (aldosterone)|
HCO3 Avqb i‡³ evdvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i
gvbe kvixiZË¡ t mgš^q I wbqš¿Y

gvby‡li mœvqyZš¿ `ywU fv‡M

wef³
 ‡K›`ªxq (Central) mœvqyZš¿ t mœvqyZ‡š¿i G Ask gw¯Í®‹ I mylygœvKvÛ wb‡q MwVZ Ges †`‡ni ÔfveyKÕ (thinker) ev Z_¨ cÖ‡mmi
(information processor) wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 cÖvšÍxq (Peripheral) mœvqyZš¿ t mœvqyZ‡š¿i G Ask †mbmwi I †gvUi wb‡q MwVZ Ges †K›`ªxq mœvqyZš¿‡K ms‡e`x A½, †ckx I wewfbœ MÖwš’i
m‡½ hy³ K‡i|

gw¯Í®‹ (Brain)
 cÖvßeq¯‹ †jv‡K gw¯Í‡®‹i AvqZb cÖvq 1500 Nb †mw›UwgUvi, Mo IRb cÖvq 1.36 †KwR Ges G‡Z cÖvq 10 wewjqb (GK nvRvi †KvwU) wbD‡ivb _v‡K|

gw¯Í®‹
gw¯—

AMÖ gw¯Í®‹ ga¨ gw¯Í®‹ cðvr gw¯Í®‹

‡m‡ieªvg _¨vjvgvm nvB‡cv_¨vjvgvm ‡m‡i‡ejvg ‡gWyjv AejsMvUv cbm

‡m‡ieªvj †cWv¼j ‡m‡ieªvj A¨vKzBWv±

K‡c©viv †KvqvwWª‡Rwgbv
AMÖgw¯Í®
‹
 †m‡ieªvg (Cerebrun) t
 `ywU eo, KzÛwj cvKv‡bv I LuvRwewkó LÛ wb‡q †m‡ieªvg MwVZ| LÛ `ywU‡K †m‡ieªvj †nwgwùqvi e‡j|
 †m‡ieªvg gw¯Í‡®‹i me‡P‡q eo Ask| DuPz RvqMv‡K RvBivm (gyrus) Ges wbPz RvqMv‡K wdmvi (fissure) e‡j|
 †m‡ieªvj K‡U©· (cerebral cortex) Gi wb‡Pi ¯ÍiwU A_©vr †m‡ieªv‡gi AšÍt¯Íi †nvqvBU g¨vUvi (white matter)-G MwVZ Ges †m‡ieªvj
†gWyjv (cerebral medulla) bv‡g cwiwPZ|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

KvR :
 ms‡e`x A½ †_‡K Avmv Abyf~wZ MÖnY I we‡kølY K‡i|
wPšÍv, eyw×, B”Pvkw³, D™¢vebxkw³ cÖf„wZ DbœZ gvbwmK †ev‡ai wbqš¿Y K‡i|
wewfbœ mnRvZ cÖe„wËi wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| evKkw³‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i|
†`‡ni me Hw”QK †cwki Kvh©Kjvc wbqš¿b K‡i|

_¨vjvgvm (Thalamus)
cÖwZwU †m‡ieªvj †nwgwùqv‡ii †m‡ieªvj †gWyjvq Aew¯’Z Ges †MÖ g¨vUv‡i MwVZ G‡KKwU wW¤^vKvi AÂj|
 `ywU _¨vjvgvB (eûePb) GKwU †hvRK w`‡q hy³|

Kv
R
GwU msÁven mœvqyi wi‡j †÷kb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i (mœvqy Av‡eM  _¨vjvgvm  †m‡ieªvg)|
 Pvc, ¯úk©, hš¿Yv cÖf„wZ ¯’yj Abyf~wZi †K›`ª, Av‡e‡Mi †K›`ª I Af¨šÍixY A‡½i wbqš¿K †K›`ª wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 gvby‡li e¨w³Z¡ I mvgvwRK AvPi‡Yi cÖKvk NUvq| NygšÍ gvbyl‡K nVvr RvwM‡q †Zvjv I cwi‡ek m¤^‡Ü mZK© K‡i †Zv‡j|
nvB‡cv_¨vjvgvm (Hypothalamus)
GwU _¨vjvgv‡mi wVK wb‡P Aew¯’Z, †MÖ g¨vUvi wbwg©Z Ges AšÍZt GK WRb c„_K A‡j wef³ Ask| Ask¸‡jv mywbw`©ó Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K|
 nvB‡cv_¨vjvgvm GKwU m~² As‡ki mvnv‡h¨ wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’i ms‡M mshy³|

Kv
R mœvqy‡K‡›`ªi †K›`ª wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| †`nZvc wbqš¿Y K‡i|
¯^qswµq
 ¶zav, Z…òv, Nvg, Nyg, ivM, cxob, fv‡jvjvMv, N„Yv, D‡ØM cÖf„wZi †K›`ª wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
wbD‡ivni‡gvb Drcbœ K‡i UªwcK ni‡gv‡bi ¶iY wbqš¿Y K‡i| f¨v‡mv‡cÖwmb I Aw·‡Uvwmb bv‡g `yiKg wbD‡ivni‡gvb mivmwi ¶wiZ nq Ges Zv
cðvr wcUzBUvwii g‡a¨ Rgv _v‡K|
cðvrgw¯Í®‹

K)†m‡i‡ejvg t c~Y© eq¯‹ gvby‡li †m‡i‡ejv‡gi Mo IRb cÖvq 150 MÖvg|

KvR: Hw”QK Pjv‡div‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| Hw”QK †ckxi †cwkUvb wbqš¿Y K‡i|
L)‡gWyjv AejsMvUv tGwU cbm-Gi wb‡Pi wKbviv †Nu‡l cÖmvwiZ, A‡bKUv wcivwgW AvK…wZi `ÛvKvi Ask hv j¤^vq cÖvq 3 †mwg. PIovq 2 †mwg. Ges
¯’yj‡Z¡ 1.2 †mwg.|

Kv
R
ür¯ú›`b, k¦mb, MjvatKiY, Kvwk, i³evwnKvi ms‡KvPb, jvjv¶iY cÖf„wZi ¯^qswµq wbqš¿Y †K›`ª wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 gj-g~ÎZ¨vM, i³Pvc, †cŠwóK bvwji †cwi÷¨vjwmm cÖf„wZ wbqš¿Y K‡i|
M)cbm t GwU †gWyjv AejsMvUvi Dc‡ii As‡ki †g‡S‡Z Aew¯’Z Ges AvovAvwo mœvqyZš‘ wbwg©Z GKwU cyiæ e¨vÛ|
KvR: ¯^vfvweK k¦vmwµqvi nvi wbqš¿Y K‡i| GLvb †_‡K m„ó 5-8g K‡ivwUK mœvqy †`‡ni bvbvwea KvR m¤úbœ K‡i|

gvby‡li K‡ivwUK mœvqy t DrcwË, cÖK…wZ I KvR

No. mœvqyi bvg Drm we¯Ívi cÖK…wZ KvR

I Olfactory Ajd¨v±ix AMÖgw¯Í¯‹ bvwmKv ms‡e`x (Sensory) NÖvY †bIqv
II Optic AcwUK H ‡iwUbv H `k©b
III Oculomotor AKz‡jv‡gvUi ga¨gw¯Í¯‹ P¶z‡ckx wgkª (Mixed ) P¶z‡MvjK mÂvjb
IV Trochlear UªKwjqvi H H ‡Póxq (Motor ) H
V Trige min al UªvB‡Rwgbvj ‡gWyjv ‡bÎcjøe D‡aŸ©vó, wgkª (Motor ) mswkøó AsM mÂvjb Ges Zvc, Pvc,
AejsMvUv wb‡¤œvó, †Pvqvj ¯úk© Abyf~wZ cÖnY
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
VI Abducens A¨veWy‡mÝ H P¶z‡ckx ‡Póxq (Motor ) Aw¶‡MvjK mÂvjb
VII Facial †dwmqvj H gyLweei ewntKY© wgkª (Motor ) gyLweei mÂvjb, jvj¶iY, AkÖæ¶iY,
Av¯^v`b, Z¡‡Ki Abyf~wZ
VIII Auditory / Vestibulo - H AšÍtKY© ms‡e`x (Sensory) kªeY I fvimvg¨ i¶v
Cochlear AwWUix/†fw÷
ey‡jvKKwjqvi
IX Glosso  pharyngeal H wRnŸv wgkª (Mixed ) ¯^v` MÖnY I wRnŸv mÂvjb
†dwiwÄqvj
X Vagus †fMvm (f‡i) H ü`wcÛ, dzmdzm, H ü`wcÛ, dzmdzm cvK¯’jx I ¯^ih‡š¿i
cvK¯’jx, ¯^ihš¿ mÂvjb
XI Spinal Accessory H MÖxev I euva ‡Póxq (Motor ) gv_v I Kuv‡ai mÂvjb
¯úvBbvj G‡·mix
XII Hypoglossal H wRnŸv H wRnŸvi wePjb
nvB‡cv‡Møvmvj
‡mbmwi (Sensory) ev ms‡e`x mœvqy t
Gme mœvqy ms‡e`x A½ †_‡K DÏxcbv enb K‡i †K›`ªxq mœvqyZ‡š¿ †cŠ‡Q †`q| bvbv bv‡g G ai‡bi mœvqy cwiwPZ|
‡gvUi (Motor) ev †Póxq mœvqy t
†K›`ªxq mœvqyZš¿ †_‡K wb‡`©k enb K‡i G mœvqy wbw`©ó A‡½ †cŠ‡Q †`q Ges †cwk ms‡KvP‡bi gva¨‡g mvov cÖ`Ë nq|
†PvL ev `k©‡bw›`ªq (Eye)
gvby‡li †Pv‡Li wewfbœ Ask‡K `ywU cÖavb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
†hgb Aw¶‡MvjK (eye ball) I Avbylw½K Ask (accessory parts)|
Aw¶‡MvjK (Eye ball)
gvby‡li †PvL †`L‡Z ‡Mvj e‡ji g‡Zv nIqv Aw¶‡MvjK bv‡g cwiwPZ| cÖ‡Z¨K †MvjKwU wZbwU cÖavb Ask wb‡q MwVZ 
(A) Aw¶‡Mvj‡Ki ¯Íi,
(B) †mj I
(C) cÖ‡Kvô|
Aw¶‡Mvj‡Ki ¯Íi
†¯‹¬iv (Sclera) ev †¯‹¬‡ivwUK ¯Íi (Sclerotic layer) t
GwU Aw¶‡Mvj‡Ki evB‡ii mv`v, Am”Q I Zš‘gq ¯Íi| mvg‡bi w`‡K ¯^”Q c`©vwUi bvg KwY©qv (cornea)|
KwY©qvwU cybivq AviI GKwU cvZjv ¯^”Q c`©v ev KbRsw±fv (conjunctiva)-q Ave„Z|
†¯‹¬iv †Pv‡Li AvK…wZ i¶v K‡i, †PvL‡K msi¶Y K‡i I †cwk mshy³ iv‡L| KwY©qvi g‡a¨ w`‡q †Pv‡Li †fZi Av‡jv cÖ‡ek K‡i| KbRvsw±fv †PvL‡K
a~jvevwj I RxevYy †_‡K i¶v K‡i|
 †Kvi‡qW (Choroid) t
GwU †¯‹¬ivi wb‡P Aew¯’Z i³evwnKvmg„× I †gjvwbb ićK iwÄZ ¯Íi| †gjvwbb iÄK _vKvq GwU Kv‡jv †`Lvq|
iÄK c`v_© †Pv‡Li †fZ‡i Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb‡K n«vm K‡i| i³ evwnKv¸‡jv †Pv‡Li ‡Kv‡l cywó Rgvq, O 2 mieivn K‡i I eR©¨ AcmviY K‡i|
AvBwi‡ki †K‡›`ª wcDwcj (pupil) bvgK GKwU wQ`ª _v‡K| wcDwc‡ji ga¨ w`‡q ‡Pv‡L Av‡jv cÖ‡ek K‡i| g„`y Av‡jv‡Z wcDwcj eo nq Ges D¾¡j ev
Zxeª Av‡jv‡Z wcDwcj †QvU nq|
 †iwUbv (Retina) t
GwU †Kvi‡q‡Wi wb‡P Aew¯’Z Ges GKgvÎ Av‡jv-ms‡e`x Ask| G‡Z `yai‡bi Av‡jv-ms‡e`x †Kvl Av‡Q, h_v- iW I ‡KvY †Kvl| iW‡Kvl¸‡jv j¤^v‡U
I †ivWcwmb bvgK †cÖvwUbhy³| †KvY‡Kvl¸‡jv †KvYvK…wZ I Av‡qvWcwmb bvgK †cÖvwUbhy³|
AÜwe›`y (Blind spot) t A¨v·b¸‡jv Aw¶‡Mvj‡Ki †h we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q AcwUK mœvqy MVb K‡i, ‡m we›`ywU AÜwe›`y| †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv iW‡Kvl ev
†KvY‡Kvl _v‡K bv, ZvB Av‡jvK ms‡e`x bq|
‡dvweqv †m›Uªvwjm (Fovea centralis) t AÜwe›`yi KvQvKvwQ †iwUbvi GKwU As‡k cÖPzi †KvY‡Kvl †`Lv hvq, iW‡Kvl _v‡K bv| G As‡k cxZwe›`y
(yellow spot) ev †dvweqv †m›Uªvwjm| GwU AwZwi³ Av‡jv ms‡e`x, ZvB GLv‡b me‡P‡q fvj cÖwZwe¤^ m„wó nq|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Aw¶‡Mvj‡Ki MnŸi ev cÖ‡Kvô

(Chambers)
Aw¶‡Mvj‡K Zij c`v_© c~Y© wZbwU MnŸi Av‡Q| cÖ_g MnŸi KwY©qv I AvBwik, wØZxq MnŸi AvBwik I †jÝ Ges Z…Zxq MnŸi †jÝ I †iwUbvi ga¨eZx©
¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z|
cÖ_g `ywU MnŸi ¯^”Q I cvwbi g‡Zv Zij A¨vKzqvm wnDgvi (aqueous humour) G c~Y© _v‡K| Z…Zxq MnŸiwU me‡P‡q eo (Aw¶‡Mvj‡Ki cÖvq 80%)|
G MnŸi wfwUªqvm wnDgvi (vitreous humour) bvgK †Rjxi g‡Zv Zij c`v‡_© c~Y©|
†Pv‡Li Avbylw½K Ask (Accessory Parts of Eye);cÖ‡Z¨K †Pv‡L 3 ai‡bi MÖwš’ _v‡K, h_v-AkÖæMÖwš’ (lacrimal glands), nv‡W©wiqvb MÖwš’
(harderian glands) Ges †g‡evwgqvb MÖwš’ (meibomian glands)| nv‡W©wiqvb I †g‡evwgqvb MÖwš’i ˆZjv³ ¶iY †bÎcjøe I KwY©qv‡K wcw”Qj
iv‡L| AkÖæMÖwš’ wbtm„Z AkÖæ bv‡g GK ai‡bi jeYv³ I RxevYy‡ivaK Zij (jvB‡mvRvBg GbRvBg) ¶iY K‡i KbRvsw±fv big, wm³, cwi”Qbœ I
RxevYygy³ iv‡L|

Kvb I ev kªe‡Yw›`ªq (Ear)

 gvby‡li cÖwZwU Kvb wb‡gœv³ 3wU As‡k wef³, h_v  ewntKY© (External ear), ga¨KY© (Middle ear) I AšÍtKY© (Internal ear)|
ewntKY© (External ear)
wcbv (Pinna) ev KY©QÎ t kãZi½ msMÖn I †K›`ªxf~Z K‡i ewntAwWUwi wgUv‡m †cÖiY Kiv wcbvi KvR|
ewntAwWUwi wgUvm (External auditory meatus) KY© Kzni t
Gi gva¨‡g kãZi½ j¤^vfv‡e wUg‡cwbK c`©vq †cŠ‡Q| G‡Z Aew¯’Z †gvg I †jvg Kv‡bi †fZ‡i ayjvevwj cÖ‡e‡k evav †`q Ges RxevYybvk K‡i|
wUg‡cwbK c`©v (Tympanic membrane) ev KY©cUn t

 ewntKY©‡K ga¨KY© †_‡K c„_K K‡i ivLv, kãZi‡½ †Ku‡c DVv Ges kãZi½‡K mgZ‡j ga¨K‡Y© cwienb Kiv wUg‡cwbK c`©vi KvR|

ga¨KY© (Middle ear)

BD‡÷wkqvb bvwj (Eustachian canal) t wUg‡cwbK c`©vi Dfq cv‡ki evqyi Pvc mgvb ivLv Gi KvR|
KY©vw¯’ (Ear ossicles) t mywbw`©ófv‡e mvRv‡bv 3wU †QvU MÖwš’| Aw¯’ wZbwU n‡”Q-
(i) g¨vwjqvm (Malleus) t nvZzwoi g‡Zv †`L‡Z G Aw¯’ GKw`‡K wUg‡cwbK c`©vi mv‡_ Ab¨w`‡K cieZx© Aw¯’ BbKvm Gi mv‡_ hy³|
(ii) BbKvm (Incus) t GwU †`L‡Z †bnvB-Gi g‡Zv Ges g¨vwjqvm I †÷wcm‡K hy³ Kiv|
(iii) ‡÷wcm (Stapes) t w·KvYv G Aw¯’wU GKw`‡K BbKv‡mi mv‡_ Ab¨w`‡K, †d‡b÷ªv Ifvwjm bv‡g wQ‡`ªi Mv‡q emv‡bv _v‡K| me‡P‡q †QvU
Aw¯’|
AšÍtKY© (Internal ear)
BDwUªKzjvm (fvimvg¨ A½) :BDwUªKzjv‡mi mv‡_ `ywU Dj¤^ I GKwU Abyf~wgKfv‡e Aew¯’Z †gvU 3wU Aa©e„ËvKvi bvwj _v‡K|
m¨vKzjvm (kªeY A½) :
GwU AšÍtK‡Y©i wb‡Pi w`‡Ki cÖ‡Kvô hv A¼xq‡`k †_‡K cÖjw¤^Z Ges kvgy‡Ki †Lvj‡Ki g‡Zv cu¨vPv‡bv GKwU bvwjKvi m„wó K‡i‡Q| Gi bvg KKwjqv
(cochlea)|
kªeY Abyf~wZ RvMv‡bv m¨vKzjv‡mi KvR|
ivmvqwbK mgš^q(Chemical co-ordination)
gvbe‡`‡n hveZxq Kv‡R ivmvqwbK mgš^qKvix wn‡m‡e ni‡gvb bvgK GK ˆReivmvqwbK c`v_© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| ¶iY c×wZ I ¶iY wbM©gb bvwji
Dcw¯’wZ ev Abycw¯’wZi wfwˇZ MÖwš’ `yÕai‡bi| h_v
ewnt¶iv ev G‡·vwµb MÖwš’ t †h me MÖwš’ wb‡Ri ¶wiZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© bvwjKvi gva¨‡g Drcw˯’‡ji A`~‡iB enb K‡i, †m¸‡jv‡K ewnt¶iv MÖwš’ e‡j|
G‡`i wbtm„Z c`v_© im ev Ry¨m (juice) bv‡g cwiwPZ| †hgb-jvjvMÖwš’, hK…Z, AMœ¨vkq BZ¨vw` MÖwš’|

AšÍt¶iv ev G‡Ûvwµb MÖwš’ t †h me MÖwš’ bvwjwenxb, ZvB ¶iY mivmwi i³ ev jwmKvi gva¨‡g evwnZ n‡q `~ieZx© mywbw`©ó A‡½ wµqvkxj nq, †m me MÖwš’‡K
AšÍt¶iv MÖwš’ ev Abvj MÖwš’ (ductless gland) e‡j| D`vniY-wcUzBUvwi, _vBi‡qW, A¨v‡Wªbvj BZ¨vw` MÖwš’| AšÍt¶iv MÖwš’i ¶iY‡K ni‡gvb e‡j|
wgkÖMÖwš’i D`vniY:-AMœ¨vkq,wW¤^vkq I ïµvkq|
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’ (Pituitary gland)

wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’‡KB ni‡gvb m„wóKvix cÖavb MÖwš’ ev cÖfy MÖwš’ (Principal /Master gland) e‡j| KviY GKw`‡K, wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’ wbtm„Z ni‡gv‡bi
msL¨v †hgb †ewk, Ab¨w`‡K wewfbœ MÖwš’i Dci Gme ni‡gv‡bi cÖfveI †ewk| GwU me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I kw³kvjx wKš‘ me‡P‡q †QvU MÖwš’|
wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’ 3wU L‡Û wef³ : h_v 
(K) mb¥yL wcUzBUvwi
(L) ga¨ wcUzBUvwi I
(M) cðvr wcUzBUvwi|

mb¥yL wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’

mb¥yL wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’ †_‡K 6wU UªwcK ni‡gvb (tropic hormone) ¶wiZ nq|
 †h ni‡gvb Ab¨ AšÍt¶iv MÖwš’‡K Zvi ni‡gvb ¶i‡Y DØy× K‡i †m¸‡jv n‡”Q UªwcK ni‡gvb| e„wׇcvlK ni‡gvb (Somatotropic hormone,
STH) Aw¯’ I †Kvgj wUmy¨i e„w×, †cÖvwUb ms‡køl, MøvB‡Kv‡R‡bi mÂvjb I Pwe© mÂq‡K DwÏß K‡i|
 _vBi‡qW DÏxcK ni‡gvb (Thyroidstimulating hormone, TSH) _vBi‡qW MÖwš’‡K _vBi‡qW ni‡gvb ms‡køl I ¶i‡Y DÏxß K‡i|
 jy¨wUbvBwRs ni‡gvb (Luteinizing hormone, LH) bvix‡`‡n wW¤^cvZ, Kcvm© jy¨wUqvg m„wó, G‡÷ªv‡Rb I †cÖv‡R‡÷iY ms‡køl‡K DÏxß
K‡i| cyiæ‡l †U‡÷v‡÷iY ¶i‡YI LH DÏxß K‡i|
 dwjKj DÏxcK ni‡gvb (Follicle-stimulating hormone, FSP) Gi cÖavb KvR n‡”Q bvix‡`‡n wW¤^vk‡q dwjK‡ji c~Y©Zv ev cwic°Zv
`vb Kivq Ges G‡÷ªv‡Rb ms‡kø‡l DÏxcbv †RvMvq|
 mb¥yL wcUzBUvwi MÖwš’ †_‡K †cÖvj¨vKwUb (Prolactin, PRL) ni‡gvb ¶wiZ nq| G ni‡gv‡bi cÖfv‡e ¯ÍbMÖwš’i e„w×, `y» Drcv`b, Abvµ‡g¨i
cÖwZ mvov`vb, mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ evrmj¨ I cwiùzU‡bi mgq bZyb i³KwYKv m„wó‡Z Ae`vb iv‡L|
 lô ni‡gvbwU A¨v‡Wª‡bvKwU©‡KvUªwcK ni‡gvb (Adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) A¨v‡Wª‡bvj K‡U©·‡K Møy‡KvKwU©K‡qW bvgK
†÷i‡qW ni‡gvb ¶iY‡K DÏxß K‡i|

ga¨ wcUzBUvwi
ga¨ wcUzBUvwi AskwU AwZ¶y`ª I A¯ú÷ n‡jI G Ask †_‡K Drcbœ I ¶wiZ †gjv‡bvmvBU DÏxcK ni‡gvb ev B›Uvi‡gwWb (Melanocit-stimulating
hormone, MSH; ev; Intermedin) Z¡K I Pz‡ji eY©gqZv wbqš¿Y K‡i|

cðvr wcUzBUvwi

cðvr wcUzBUvwi †_‡K `ywU ni‡gvb cvIqv hvq|

 GKwU n‡”Q Aw·‡Uvwmb (Oxytocin)| cwiYZ bvixi †`‡n G ni‡gvb `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR m¤úv`b K‡i t(1) mšÍvb Rb¥`v‡bi mgq Rivqyi gm„Y
†cwki ms‡KvPb DÏxß K‡i; (2) m¯Ívb `y»cv‡bi mgq `y» ¶i‡Y DÏxcbv ‡hvMvq|
 wØZxq ni‡gvb f¨vmv‡cÖwmb ev g~Îea©b-wb‡ivaK ni‡gvb (Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone, ADH)| GwU i³Pvc e„w× K‡i; cvwbi
mgZv eRvq iv‡L; †ewk cwigv‡Y g~Î Z¨vM †iva K‡i; g~‡Îi cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i|
_vBi‡qW MÖwš’ (Thyroid gland)
Ae¯’vb t UªvwKqvi (k¦vm bvwj) Dfq cv‡k Aew¯’Z| cÖRvcwZ AvK…wZi MÖwš’|
wbtmiY t G MÖwš’ †_‡K 3wU mwµq ni‡gvb wbtm„Z nq t
1. UªvBAv‡qv‡Wv_vB‡ivwbb (Triiodothyronin)
2. _vBiw·b (Thyroxine, T4)
3. K¨vjwm‡Uvwbb (Calcitonine, CT)|
wµqv:
 UªvBAv‡qv‡Wv_vB‡ivwbb (T3) †gŠwjK wecvK nvi‡K DÏxß K‡i; ür¯ú›`b nvi, †cÖvwUb ms‡køl I †cÖvwUb webvk, Møy‡KvR ms‡køl, jvB‡cvjvBwmm cÖf„wZi
nvi e„w× K‡i|
 _vBiw·b (T4) wecvKxq cÖwµqvi nvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| G ni‡gvb †cÖvwUb ms‡kø‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i ˆ`wnK e„w× wba©viY K‡i|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
K¨vjwm‡Uvwbb (CT) Gi cÖfv‡e A¯¿ K¨vjwmqvg †kvlY K‡i i‡³ K¨vjwmqv‡gi gvÎv Kgvq; e„°‡K K¨vjwmqvg †gvPb Kwi‡q i‡³ Gi mwVK gvÎv eRvq
ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i; nv‡o K¨vjwmqvg m‡q; Ges wfUvwgb D wbqš¿‡Y f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

c¨viv_vBi‡qW MÖwš’ (Parathyroid gland)

wbtmiY t c¨viv_vBi‡qW MÖwš’ †_‡K wbtm„Z ni‡gvbwU c¨viv_vBi‡qW ni‡gvb (Parathyroid hormone, PTH) ev c¨viv_i‡gvb ev c¨viv_i‡gvb
(Parathormone) ev c¨viv_vBwib (Parathyrin) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
wµqv:
c¨viv_i‡gvb i‡³ K¨vjwmqv‡gi gvÎv wbqš¿‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges e„‡° K¨vjwmqv‡gi cyb‡kvlY evwo‡q †`q|
 i‡³ dm‡d‡Ui gvÎv Kwg‡q w`‡Z Ges wfUvwgb D -†K mwµqKi‡Y f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
wfUvwgb D -i Afv‡e gvby‡l wi‡KUm †ivM †`Lv †`q|

G‡Wªbvj ev mycÖv‡ibvj MÖwš’

Ae¯’vb I AvK…wZ t cÖwZwU e„‡°i gv_vq Uzwci g‡Zv GKwU K‡i †gvU `ywU G‡Wªbvj MÖwš’ _v‡K|
Møy‡KvKwU©K‡qW Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU I †cÖvwUb wecv‡K Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
wgbv‡i‡jvKwU©K‡qW (Mineralocorticoids; †hgb A¨vj‡Wv‡÷ib, A¨v‡Ûªv‡Rb BZ¨vw`) MÖæcfy³ ni‡gvb †`‡n cvwb I je‡Yi gvÎv eRvq ivL‡Z
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
G‡Wªbvwjb ev Gwc‡bdwib (Adrenaline or Epinephrine) hK…‡Z mwÂZ MøvB‡Kv‡Rb †_‡K Møy‡KvR gy³ K‡i wecv‡Ki nvi e„w× K‡i; fq, Avb›`,
†kvK cÖKv‡k f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
bi-G‡Wªbvwjb ev bi-Gwc‡bdwib (Nor-adrenaline or nor-epinephrine)| G ni‡gv‡bi cÖfv‡e ür‡cwk DÏxß nq, i³evwnKv msKzwPZ nq I
i³Pvc e„w× cvq|
G‡Wªbvwjb I be G‡Wªbvwjb †K Avc`Kvjxb ni‡gvb ejv nq|

AMœ¨vkq (AvB‡jUm Ae j¨v½vin¨vÝ)

Ae¯’vb t AMœ¨vk‡qi ewnt¶iv As‡ki g‡a¨ wKQz †Kvl GKwÎZ n‡q wew¶ß ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Øx‡ci gZ G‡KKwU AšÍt¶iv MÖwš’ m„wó K‡i| G¸‡jv AvB‡jUm Ae
j¨v½vin¨vÝ|
Bbmywjb (Insulin) kK©ivi cwigvY Kgvq|
 MøyKvMb (Glucagon) i³ kK©ivi cwigvY evovq|
M¨vw÷ªb (Gastrin) cvK¯’wj †_‡K HCl I †ccwmb, wWI‡Wbvg †_‡K wm‡µwUb, weUv‡Kvl †_‡K Bbmywjb ¶iY DÏxß K‡i|
†mvgv‡Uv÷¨vwUb (Somatostatin) M¨vw÷ª‡bi ¶iY wbeviY K‡i|

gvbe‡`‡ni cÖwZi¶v

‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v

(i)cÖ_g cÖwZi¶v ¯Íi (First line of defence)
(ii) 2q cÖwZi¶v ¯Íi (2nd line of defence)
(iii) cÖwZi¶v ¯Íi (3rd line of defence)

cÖwZi¶vq Z¡‡Ki f~wgKv

Z¡K‡K 1g mvwii cÖwZeÜK ejv nq, †h †Kv‡bv ewn:¯’ RxweZ e¯‘‡K mbv³ Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j RxevYy g‡b K‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i e‡j G‡K
non specific cÖwZeÜK e‡j|
Z¡‡Ki evB‡ii mÍi GwcWvwg©m  †fŠZ cÖwZeÜK
Z¡K  AvZœ‡ivM RxevYybvkK A½Z¡‡K evmKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡”Q Staphylococcus aureus

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Kvb  †miæ‡gb ¶wiZ nq  hv Kv‡bi †fZ‡i a~jv evwj, e¨vK‡Uwiqv I †QvU †cvKvi cÖ‡ek cÖwZ‡iva K‡i|
jvjvMÖwš’  jvB‡mvRvBg  gyL I Mjvq msµgYKvix Staphylococcus,streptococcus,Bacillus RxevYy aŸsm K‡i, `uv‡Zi ¶‡qi nvZ †_‡K
i¶v K‡i|
hK…Z  hK…Z †_‡K wcËim (bile) wbtm„Z nq hv  wWI‡Wbv‡g Aew¯’Z KvBg-G A¨vw›UewW Drcbœ K‡i e¨vK‡Uwiqv e„w× cÖwZnZ K‡i|
†PvL t AkÖyMÖwš’ †_‡K wbtmZ jvB‡mvRvBg ivmvqwbK cÖwZeÜK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges KbRvsw±fv w`‡q †PvL msiw¶Z _v‡K|
k¦mbZš¿ t Gi AšÍ:cÖvPx‡i Aew¯’Z wmwjqvhy³ †Kv‡li duv‡K duv‡K AvVv‡jv wgDKvm (im) wbtmiYKvix †Kvl †`Lv hvq| wgDKvm wmwjqvi mnvqZvq wewfbœ
RxevYy dzmdzm †_‡K gyLweŸ‡i wb‡q Avm‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
Z¡K t Z¡‡Ki evB‡ii g„Z †Kvl¯Íi e¨vK‡Uwiqv I fvBivm cÖ‡e‡k †fŠZ cÖwZeÜK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
i³ t †`‡n cÖweó e¨vK‡Uwiqv aŸs‡m `yai‡bi †k¦ZKwYKv wbD‡Uªvwdj I g‡bvmvBU f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
cvK¯’wj t Gi cÖvPxi †_‡K wbtm„Z M¨vw÷ªK Ry‡m wecyj cwigvY (HCl) _v‡K hv Lv`¨-w¯’Z e¨vK‡Uwiqv aŸsm K‡i|

Second line of Defence (2q cÖwZi¶v ¯Íi)

cÖavbZ †k¦Z i³KwYKvi d¨v‡MvmvBU 2q cÖwZi¶v wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|(non specific immunity)

wbD‡Uªvwdj

 ˆKwkK R¨vwjKvi cÖvPx‡ii †fZi w`‡q wUmy¨i duvKv RvqMvq nvwRi nq| H RvqMv¸‡jv‡K wbivc` iv‡L|

g¨v‡µvdvh
 hK…Z, cøxnv I jwmKv ce© cvnviv †`q |
 ewnivMZ c`v_© I RxevYy MÖvm Kiv |
 me‡P‡q eo c`v_© MÖvm K‡i|
‡iwUKz‡jv G‡Ûv‡_wjqvmZš¿ MwVZ nq g¨v‡µvdvh I wbD‡Uªvwdj‡_‡K
cÖ`vn (Inflammation) :wn÷vwgb I 5- nvBWªw·wUªcU¨vgvBb ¶wiZ nq|
‡kv_ (Oedema): ˆKwkK bvwmKv †_‡K cøvRgv I †k¦Zi³KwYKvi wbM©gb †e‡o hvIqvq Pvicv‡ki wUmy¨ dz‡j D‡V|
B›Uvi‡dib :
 cøvRgvq †h ivmvqwbK c`v_© _v‡K Zv‡Z g¨v‡µvdvh I Ab¨vb¨ †k¦Zi³KwYKv †_‡K wb:m„Z|
 dvB‡eªveøv÷, GwcWvg©vj †Kvl me‡k‡l ¶Z¯’v‡b c~iY K‡i †`n‡K †ivMgy³ K‡i|

(3rd line of defence )Z…Zxq cÖwZi¶v ¯Íi

(3rd line of defence )Z…Zxq cÖwZi¶v ¯Íi

T- ‡Kvl B- ‡Kvl
(NvZK, mvnvh¨Kvix, `gbKvix I ¯§„wZ T-†Kvl) (cøvRgv, wefvRbkxj, ¯§„wZ B-†Kvl)
Inborn/Innate (mnRvZ)

cÖwZi¶v

accuired (AwR©Z)

Inborn/Innate (mnRvZ)
Agivi gva¨‡g cÖvšÍ Ges R‡b¥i mgq †_‡K AvRxeb Dcw¯’Z, `ªæZ Kvh©Ki nq|
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Non specific Immunity
Acquired Immunity (AwR©Z cÖwZi¶v)
R‡b¥i ci †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó RxevYyi weiæ‡× mvov †`q wKsev f¨vw·b cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j m„wó nq|
wj‡¤^vmvBU mwµq nq|
¯§„wZ †Kvl (Memory cell) `xN©Kvj _v‡K
Specific Immunity
Active (mwµq)

Accuird Immunity

Passive (wbw¯Œq)
Active Immunity:
Natural (cÖvK…wZK) t Awb”QvK…Z msµgY (nvmcvZv‡j/wK¬wb‡K)
Artificial (K…wÎg) t f¨vw·b Gi Kvi‡Y (DPT) f¨vw·b)
Passive Immunity:
Natural : kvj `ya MÖn‡Yi mgq gv‡qi †`n †_‡K wkïi †`n cÖ‡ek K‡i|
Artificial : Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡n A¨vw›UewW cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv|

cÖwZi¶v e¨e¯’vq A¨vw›UewWi f~wgKv

Antibody : †`‡n cÖ‡ekKvix RxevYy ev †Kvb AevwÂZ c`v_©‡K wbw¯Œq Kivi Rb¨ gvby‡li i‡³i wmiv‡g Drcbœ we‡kl ai‡bi †cÖvwUb‡K Antibody
e‡j|
 Immunoglobulin (Ig)
 cøvRgv B †Kvl †_‡K A¨vw›UewW Drcbœ nq cÖ‡Z¨K †Kvl cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û K‡qK nvRvi Antibody Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 gvby‡li †`‡n cÖvq 10 †KvwU ai‡bi Antibody Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Antibody MV‡b cuvP ai‡bi fvix k„•Lj i‡q‡Q-  ,  ,  ,  , 

Antibody MVb
fvix I nvjKv k„•Lj (Heavy and light chains) :
 `yB †Rvov cwj‡ccUvBW |
 GK †Rvov m`„k j¤^v I fvix k„•Lj IRb  50 – 70 KD.
 Aci †Rvov m`„k nvjKv k„•Lj IRb  23 KD.
WvBmvjdvBW eÛ t
 cÖ‡Z¨K A¨vw›UewW‡Z 3wU AvšÍ:k„•Lj Disulfide bond i‡q‡Q|
 fvix‡Z _v‡K 1wU Disulfide GK nvjKv‡Z _v‡K 2wU |
 MVb †`L‡Z Y AvK…wZi|
¯’vqx I cwieZ©bkxj AÂj
¯’vqx : IgA wKsev IgG _v‡K|
cwieZ©bkxj t
 c¨vivUc (lock and key) m„wó nq
 c¨vivU‡c Riæix Ae¯’vq †KvwU †KvwU A¨vw›UewW m„wó nq
 V D J Recombination
KÄv AÂj :
 `yBwU evû‡K wef³ K‡i |
 bgbxq K‡i|
Antibody KvR t †`‡ni cÖwZi¶v e¨e¯’v AUzU iv‡L|

f¨vw·‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Drcv`‡bi ai‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i f¨vw·b wb‡P ewY©Z 5 cÖKvi t

 wbw¯Œq (Inactivated) t †ivM m„wóKvix RxevYy‡K ivmvqwbK, Zvc, wewKiY ev A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK cÖ‡qvM K‡i wbw¯Œq RxevYy †_‡K Drcbœ| †hgb-Bbd¬z‡qÄv,
K‡jiv, †cvwjI, †ncvUvBwUm .. i¨vwem cÖf„wZ f¨vw·b|
 kw³ n«vm (Attenuated) t KvjPvi Kiv, ¶wZKi ˆewkó¨ wbw®Œq ev `ye©j K‡i †`Iqv RxweZ RxevYy w`‡q Drcbœ| †hgb-wgRjR (nvg), gv¤úm, cvwb
emš— (wP‡Kb c·), UvBd‡qW cÖf„wZ †iv‡Mi f¨vw·b|
U‡·vqW (Toxoid) t RxevYyi wbw®Œq welv³ c`v_© †_‡K Drcbœ| †hgb-wU‡Ubvm (abyósKvi), wWc‡_wiqv cÖf„wZi f¨vw·b|
mveBDwbU (Subunit) t RxevYyMv‡Îi mvgvb¨ Ask (wbw`©ó ‡cÖvwU‡bi Ask) †_‡K Drcbœ| †hgb-‡ncvUvBwUm B f¨vw·b, wnDg¨vb c¨vwc‡jvgv fvBivm
f¨vw·b cÖf„wZ|
 KbRy‡MU (Conjugate) t `ywU wfbœ Dcv`v‡b MwVZ f¨vw·b [e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †`n Avei‡Yi Ask + evnK †cÖvwUb| †hgb-wn‡gvdvBjvm Bbd¬z‡qÄv UvBc
B (Hib) f¨vw·b|

†`‡ni cÖwZi¶vq ¯§„wZ‡Kv‡li f~wgKv

†÷g‡Kvl t Awe‡fw`Z I AvRxeb wefvRb¶g †Kvl hv gvbe‡`‡ni cÖvq 200 ai‡bi we‡klvwqZ †Kvl (†hgb-B-†Kvl, T-†Kvl) G iæcvšÍwiZ n‡Z cv‡i
†m me †Kvl‡K †÷g‡Kvl e‡j|
†÷g‡Kvl `yai‡bi t å~Yxq (embryonic) Ges cwiYZ (adult)| å~Yxq ‡÷g‡Kv‡li Ae¯’vb n‡”Q å~‡Yi eøv‡÷vwm÷ `kvq AšÍt¯’ †Kvl wc‡Û (inner
cellmass); cwiYZ †÷g‡Kvl cvIqv hvq Aw¯’g¾v, Pwe©‡Kvl I i‡³|
T- wj‡ùvmvBU K‡qKwU Dcai‡bi wef³, †hgb-mvB‡UvUw·K T-†Kvl (cytotoxic T-cell), mvnvh¨Kvix T-†Kvl (helper T-cell), NvZK
T-†Kvl (killer T-cell), `gbKvix T-†Kvl (suppressor T-cells) BZ¨vw`|
T-wj‡ùvmvB‡Ui Dcai‡bi fy³ ¯§„wZ‡Kvl‡K ¯§„wZ B †Kvl (memory T-cell) e‡j|
B-wj‡ùvmvBUI K‡qKwU Dcai‡bi wef³, †hgb-cøvRgv B (plasma B-cell), wefvRbkxj B-†Kvl (dividing B-cell) BZ¨vw`|
B- wj‡ùvmvB‡Ui Dcai‡bify³ ¯§„wZ‡Kvl‡K ¯§„wZ B- †Kvl (memory B-cell) e‡j|

Pjb (Locomotion)
åæYxq †g‡mvW©vg D™¢‚Z we‡kl ai‡bi †hvRK wUmy¨ wbwg©Z Aw¯’ (bone) I ZiæYvw¯’ (cartilage)-i mgš^‡q MwVZ †h A½Zš¿ †`‡ni KvVv‡gv wbg©vY K‡i,
AšÍt¯’ big A½¸‡jv‡K iÿv K‡i, †`‡ni fvi enb K‡i Ges †cwk ms‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ Dchy³ ¯’vb m„wó K‡i, Zv‡K K¼vjZš¿ e‡j|

gvbe K¼vjZš¿

Aÿxq (80wU) Dcv½xq (126wU)

K‡ivwU (29wU) ‡giæ`Û (26wU) eÿwcÄi (25wUu) eÿ-Aw¯’Pµ (4wU) evû (60wU) ‡kÖvYx-Aw¯’Pµ (2wU) cv (60wU)

K| K‡ivwUKv K| K‡kiæKv K| ÷vY©vg

L| gyLgÛjxq Aw¯’ L| m¨vµvg L| cï©Kv
M| g¨vwÛej M| Kw°·

cwibZ gvbe K¼v‡ji Aw¯’mg~n (Bones of Adult Human Skeleton)

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

cÖavb fvM AšÍf©y³ Ask web¨vm I msL¨v ‡gvU msL¨v

d«›Uvj Aw¯’ ................................ 1wU
c¨vivBUvj Aw¯’ ........................... 2wU
K‡ivwUKv ‡Ug‡cvivj ................................. 2wU 8wU
Aw·wcUvj Aw¯’ ........................... 1wU
‡ùb‡qW Aw¯’ ............................. 1wU
Aÿxq K¼vj K‡ivwU G_g‡qW Aw¯’ ............................. 1wU
(80wU) 29wU g¨vw·jv ..................................... 2wU
g¨vwÛei .................................... 1wU
RvB‡Mvg¨vwUK Aw¯’ ...................... 2wU
b¨vmvj Aw¯’ ............................... 2wU 14wU
gyLgÛjxi Aw¯’ j¨vwµgvj Aw¯’ ............................ 2wU
Bbwdwiqi b¨vmvj K¼v ................. 2wU
‡fvgvi....................................... 1wU
c¨v‡jUvBb Aw¯’ ........................... 2wU
‡gwjqvm .................................... 2wU
KY©vw¯’ BbKvm ...................................... 2wU 6wU
‡÷wcm ...................................... 1wU
nvBI‡qf 1wU 1wU
mvifvBKj ................................. 7wU
‡_vivwmK ................................... 12wU
‡giæ`Û jv¤^vi ....................................... 5wU 26wU
m¨vµvj ..................................... 1wU
Kw°· ....................................... 1wU
eÿwcÄi ÷vY©vg ...................................... 1wU 25wU
cï©Kv (cÖwZcv‡k 12wU) ................. 24wU
eÿ-Aw¯’Pµ ¯‹¨vcyjv ..................................... 2wU 4wU
K¬vwfKj ................................... 2wU
wnD‡givm .................................. 2wU
K‡kiæKvi ‡iwWqvm .................................... 2wU
cÖKvi‡f` t evû (`ywU) Avjbv ....................................... 2wU 60wU
(Types of Kvc©vj ....................................... 16wU
Vertebrae) ‡gUvKvc©vj ................................. 10wU
d¨vjv‡Äm ................................... 28wU
Bwjqvg ...................................... 1wU
Bwðqvg ..................................... 1wU
Dcv½xq K¼vj ‡kÖvYx-Aw¯’evPK wcDwem ..................................... 1wU 2wU
(126wU) (cÖwZcv‡ki Aw¯’¸‡jv wgwjZ n‡q GKwU K‡i wnc
†evb MVb K‡i| †m wn‡m‡e `ycv‡k `ywU wnc †evb
_v‡K)
wdgvi ....................................... 2wU
wUweqv ....................................... 2wU
wdeyjv ....................................... 2wU
cv (`ywU) c¨v‡Ujv ..................................... 2wU 60wU
Uvm©vj ........................................ 14wU
‡gUvUvm©vj .................................. 10wU
d¨vjv‡Äm ................................... 28wU
me©‡gvU = 206wU

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx K‡kiæKv¸‡jv‡K wb‡¤œv³ 5wU A‡j fvM Kiv n‡q _v‡K;
1| mvifvBKvj (MÖxev‡`kxq) K‡kiæKv (Cervical vertebrae) .............................
7wU
2| †_vivwmK (eÿ‡`kxq) K‡kiæKv (Thoracic vertebrae).................................12wU
3| jv¤^vi (KwU‡`kxq) K‡kiæKv (Lumbar vertebrae).....................................
5wU
4| m¨vµvj †kÖvYx‡`kxq) K‡kiæKv ( Sacral vertebrae).................................1wU (5wU GKxf‚Z)
5| Kw°wRqvj (cy”Q‡`kxq) K‡kiæKv (Coccygeal vertebrae)...............................
1wU (4wU GKxf‚Z)
‡gvU t 26 wU
cwiYZ eq‡m m¨vµvj K‡kiæKv¸‡jv GKxf‚Z n‡q m¨vµvg (sacrum) Ges Kw°wRqvj¸‡jv Kw°· (coccyx) MVb K‡i| d‡j, me©‡gvU K‡kiæKvi
msL¨v K‡g 26wU nq|
eÿwcÄi (Thoracic case)t gvby‡li eÿwcÄi GKwU DitdjK ev ÷vY©vg (sternum), 12 †Rvov cï©Kv(ribs) Ges 12wU †_vivwmK K‡kiæKv wb‡q
MwVZ nq|
÷vY©vg t ey‡Ki †K›`ªxq m¤§yL As‡k Aew¯’Z Pvcv Aw¯’wU ÷vY©vg| GwU 3 As‡k wef³-Dc‡ii w·KvYvKvi g¨vbyweªqvg; gv‡Si j¤^v †`T; Ges wb‡Pi ÿz`ª
wRdi‡qW cÖ‡mm| g¨vbyweªqvg †`‡ni mv‡_ m~²‡KvY m„wó K‡i m¤§y‡L cÖmvwiZ|

cï©Kv t cï©Kv¸‡jv j¤^v, miæ, Pvcv I euvKv Aw¯’| gvby‡li †`‡n 12 †Rvov cï©Kv _v‡K| GKwU Av`k© cï©Kv cðvrcÖv‡šÍ d¨v‡mUevnx g¯ÍK (K¨vwcPzjvg),
†µ÷evnx MÖxev, ms‡hvMx Zjmn wUDevK©j Ges †KvY m„wó K‡i euvKv‡bv †`n wb‡q MwVZ| g¯ÍK †_vivwmK K‡kiæKvi †`‡ni mv‡_ Ges wUDevK©j w`‡q
GKB K‡kiæKvi UªvÝfvm© cÖ‡m‡mi m‡½ hy³ _v‡K| cÖ_g 7 †Rvov cï©Kv G‡`i ZiæYvw¯’ w`‡q ÷vY©v‡gi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K, G¸‡jv Avmj (cÖK…Z) cï©Kv|
evKx 5 †Rvov (8g-12k) ÷vY©v‡gi mv‡_ hy³ bq e‡j Zv bKj cï©Kv| 8g, 9g I 10k cï©Kv Dciw¯’Z cï©Kvi ZiæYvw¯’i mv‡_ GKxf‚Z n‡q †Kv÷vj
AvP© (costal arch)wbg©vY K‡i| 11k I 12k cï©Kv fvmgvb cï©Kv bv‡g AwfwnZ|

Dcv½xq K¼vj (Appendicular Skeleton)

EaŸ©v‡½i Aw¯’mg~n t †`‡ni Dfq cv‡ki 32wU K‡i †gvU 64wU Aw¯’ EaŸ©v‡½i AšÍM©Z|
K. eÿ-Aw¯’Pµ (Pectoral Girdle)t gvby‡li eÿ-Aw¯’Pµ 2 †Rvov Aw¯’ wb‡q MwVZ, h_v-GK‡Rvov K¬¨vwfKj(clavicle) I GK‡Rvov ¯‹¨vcyjv
(scapila)|
K¬¨vwfKj †`L‡Z BUvwjK ′𝑓′ Gi g‡Zv euvKv Aw¯’| GwU GKwU †`n I `ywU cÖvšÍ, h_v ÷vY©vj (÷vY©v‡gi g¨vbyweªqv‡g hy³ _v‡K) Ges A¨v‡µvwgqvj cÖ‡mm
(¯‹¨vcyjvq hy³ _v‡K) wb‡q MwVZ|
¯‹¨vcyjv †`L‡Z Pvcv I w·KvYv Aw¯’| Gi GKwU m¤§yL ev †Kv÷vj Zj (costal surface), GKwU cðvr Zj ev †KvivK‡qW cÖ‡mm, GKwU A¨v‡µvwgqvj
cÖ‡mm Ges †Møb‡qW MnŸi bv‡g GKwU ms‡hvMx AeZj Av‡Q|

L. evûi Aw¯’ (Bones of Forelimb) t evû‡K 3wU A‡j fvM Kiv hvq, h_v EaŸ©evû, m¤§yLevû Ges nv‡Zi Aw¯’|
1| EaŸ©evûi Aw¯’ ev wnD‡givm (Humerus) t Gi EaŸ©cªv‡šÍ i‡q‡Q gm„Y, †Mvj g¯ÍK hv ¯‹¨vcyjvi †Møb‡qW MnŸ‡i cÖweó _v‡K|
‡WjU‡qW wiR (deltoid ridge)
2| m¤§yLevûi Aw¯’ ev †iwWqvm-Avjbv (Radius-Ulna) t AšÍf©v‡Mi Aw¯’wU Avjbv|
3| nv‡Zi Aw¯’ t Kwâ, KiZj I Av½yj wb‡q nvZ MwVZ|
Kwâ t `ymvwi‡Z 4wU K‡i †gvU 8wU †QvU †QvU wewfbœ AvK…wZi Kvc©vj (carpal) Aw¯’‡Z Kwâ MwVZ|
KiZj t KiZ‡ji 5wU Aw¯’‡K †gUvKvc©vj (metacarpal) e‡j|
Av½yj t Av½y‡ji Aw¯’¸‡jv‡K d¨vjv‡Äm (phalanges; GKeP‡b d¨vjvs·) e‡j|

wb¤œv‡½i Aw¯’mg~n
K. †kvYx Aw¯’Pµ (Pelvic Girdle)t GwU Bwjqvg (ilium), Bwðqvg (ischium) I wcDwem (pubis) Aw¯’ wb‡q MwVZ| cÖvß eq¯‹ gvb‡e G Aw¯’¸‡jv
GKwÎZ n‡q wbZ¤^vw¯’ (hip bone) MVb K‡i| BwjqvgwU †`n I Wvbvq wef³| Wvbvi wKbviv‡K BwjqvK SuywU †µ÷) e‡j| wcDwemwU †n I `ywU kvLvq
wef³| Bwjqvg, Bwðqvg I wcDwe‡mi ms‡hvM¯’‡j A¨vwmUveyjvg bv‡g GKwU AMfxi Ask i‡q‡Q| G‡Z wdgv‡ii g¯ÍK AvUKv‡bv _v‡K|
L. cv-Gi Aw¯’ (Bones of Hindlimb)t gvby‡li cv DaŸ©cv, wb¤œ cv I PiY wb‡q MwVZ|
1| EaŸ© cv-Gi Aw¯’ ev wdgvi (Femur)t wdgv‡ii cÖv‡šÍ c¨v‡Ujv bvgK GKwU cÖvq w·KvYvi Aw¯’ Aew¯’Z| c¨v‡Ujv GKwU wmmvg‡qW Aw¯’, KviY Gi
DrcwË †cwki †UbWb _v‡K| c¨v‡Ujvi cðvrfv‡Mi EaŸ©vsk wdgv‡ii mv‡_ Ges wb¤œvsk wUweqvi mv‡_ mshy³|
2| wb¤œ cv-Gi Aw¯’ ev wUweqv-wdeyjv (Tibia-fibula) t wb¤œ cv-G `ywU Aw¯’ _v‡K, h_v-wUweqv I wdeyjv| wUweqv †ewk †gvUv|
3| PiY t †Mvovwj, c`Zj I Av½yj wb‡q PiY MwVZ| †Mvovwj I c`Z‡ji c„ôfvM MwVZ nq 7wU wewfbœ AvK…wZi Uvm©vj (tarsal) Aw¯’ w`‡q| cv‡qi
Av½y‡ji Aw¯’¸‡jv d¨vjv‡Äm|
Aw¯’ I ZiæYvw¯’ (Bone and
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত Cartilage)
আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Aw¯’ (bone) I ZiæYvw¯’ (cartilage) n‡”Q we‡kl ai‡bi †hvRK wUmy¨ hv‡`i gvZ…Kv (matrix) KwVb ev Aa©KwVb c`v‡_© ˆZwi| G‡`i K¼vj †hvRK
wUmy¨ e‡j|
Aw¯’ (Bone)t
MVb t Aw¯’ n‡”Q †`‡ni me‡P‡q my`„p wUmy¨| g¨vwUª‡· cÖavbZ wZb ai‡bi Aw¯’‡Kvl _v‡Kt Aw÷Ieøv÷ (osteoblast), Aw÷IK¬v÷ (osteoclast)Ges
Aw÷ImvBU (osteocytes)| †cwiAw÷qvg (periosteum) bvgK Zš‘gq †hvRKwUmy¨ wbwg©Z cvZjv I gm„Y AveiY cÖwZwU Aw¯’‡K wN‡i iv‡L|
Aw¯’i cÖKvi‡f` t Aw¯’‡K `ywU †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvqt †hgb- wb‡iU (compact bone) Ges ¯úwÄ Aw¯’ (spongy bone)|

ZiæYvw¯’ ev †Kvgjvw¯’ (Cartilage)t G wUmy¨i g¨vwUª· KbwWªb (chondrin) bv‡g GKai‡bi Aa©-KwVb I w¯’wZ¯’vcK c`v‡_© MwVZ| KbwWªb
Kb‡WªvwgDK‡qW (chondromucoid) I Kb‡WªvA¨vjeyb‡qW (chondroalbunoid) bvgK `yai‡bi †cÖvwU‡b MwVZ| ZiæYvw¯’‡Kvl‡K Kb‡WªvmvBU
(chondrocyte) e‡j| g¨vwUª‡· BZ¯ÍZ wewÿß wKQz MnŸi †`Lv hvq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU MnŸi j¨vKzbv (lacuna) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
ZiæYvw¯’i cÖKvi‡f` t g¨vwUª‡·i MV‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wb‡P ewY©Z Pvi ai‡bi ZiæYvw¯’ cvIqv hvq-
1| ¯^”Q ev nvqvwjb (Hyaline) ZiæYvw¯’ t ¯Íb¨cvqxi bvK, k¦vmbvwj, ¯^ihš¿ cÖf…wZ ¯’v‡b Ges e¨vO I nvO‡ii 僇Y ev cwiYZ †`‡n cÖPzi cwigv‡Y G
ai‡bi ZiæYvw¯’ cvIqv hvq|
2| w¯’wZ¯’vcK (Elastic) ev cxZ-Zš‘gq ZiæYvw¯’ t ewntKY© ev wcbv, AvjwRnŸv, BD‡÷wkqvb bvwj cÖf…wZ As‡k G ai‡bi ZiæYvw¯’ cvIqv hvq|
3| †k¦Z-Zš‘gq (White fibrous) ZiæYvw¯’ t we‡kl K‡qKwU mw›`‡Z, †hgb-`ywU K‡kiæKvi ga¨eZ©x A‡j G ai‡bi ZiæYvw¯’ cvIqv hvq|
4| Pzbgq ev K¨vjwmdvBW (Calcified) ZiæYvw¯’ t wnD‡givm I wdgv‡ii g¯Í‡K G‡`i cvIqv hvq|

‡cwk wUmy¨ (Muscular Tissue)

‡cwki mvaviY ˆewkó¨ t gv‡qveøv÷ (myoblast) bvgK Avw`‡Kvl iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q Zš‘i g‡Zv j¤^v †cwk‡Kvl m„wó K‡i| ZvB †cwk‡Kvl‡K †cwkZš‘ e‡j|
cÖwZwU †Kvl my¯úó wbDwK¬qvmhy³ Ges mvi‡Kv‡jgv (sarcolemma) bvgK wSwjø‡Z Ave„Z; Gi †fZ‡ii mvB‡UvcøvRg‡K mvi‡KvcøvRg (sarcoplasm)
e‡j| mvi‡KvcøvR‡gi g‡a¨ ci¯úi mgvšÍivjfv‡e Aew¯’Z AmsL¨ gv‡qvdvBweªj (myofibril) bvgK m~² Zš‘ _v‡K| ¸”Qe× A¨vKwUb (actin) I
gv‡qvwmb (myosin) bvgK †cÖvwUb wdjv‡g›U w`‡q gv‡qvdvBweªj MwVZ| †cwkwUmy¨ cÖvq 75 kZvsk cvwb I Aewkóvsk KwVb c`v‡_© MwVZ|
‡cwki cÖKvi‡f` t 1| gm„Y ev A‰bw”QK; 2| ür‡cwk Ges 3| ˆiwLK ev Hw”QK|
‡cwk‡Z Uvb c‡o wKš‘ av°v †`q bv| (Muscle can Pull but can not Push)

wjfvi MVb (Structure of Lever)

wjfvi MVb (Structure of Lever)t GKwU wjfvi 4wU Ask w`‡q MwVZ t
1| wjfvi-evû (Lever arms)-nvo¸‡jv wjfvi-evû wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i;
2| wcfU (Pivot)-‡h Aw¯’mw܇K †K›`ª K‡i wjfv‡ii KvR Kg© cwiPvwjZ nq;
3| cÖ‡Póv (Effort)-fvi miv‡bv ev bov‡bvi Rb¨ †cwk †h ej mieivn K‡i; Ges
4| fvi (Lasd)-‡`‡ni †Kv‡bv As‡ki IRb hv miv‡Z n‡e ev DVv‡Z n‡e wKsev †`‡ni †fZ‡i ev evB‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
wjfv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` (Types of Lever)t
1| cÖ_g-‡kÖwYi wjfvi (First-class lever)t KuvwP G ai‡bi wjfvi, wKš‘ gvbe‡`‡n cÖ_g-†kÖwY wjfvi `yj©f|G wjfv‡ii gva¨‡g Aj|c ej cÖ‡qv‡M
†ewk dj cvIqv hvq|
2| wØZxq-‡kÖwYi wjfvi (Second-class lever)t †VjvMvwo Gi cÖK…ó D`vniY|
3| Z…Zxq-†kÖwYi wjfvi (Third-class lever)t D`vniY wn‡m‡e bL KvUvi h‡š¿i K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq| GKwU fuvR Kiv evû‡K Z…Zxq-‡kÖwYi wjfvi ejv
hvq|
Aw¯’f½ ev nvofv½v (Fracture of Bone)t wZb ai‡bi t mvaviY, †hŠwMK I RwUj|
cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv (First Aid)t ¸iæZi gPKv‡bvi ‡ÿ‡Î wekÖvg wb‡ZB n‡e Ges PviwU KvR ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i Ki‡Z n‡e| G PviwU KvR Bs‡iRx k‡ãi
cÖ_g Aÿi w`‡q RICE bvg w`‡q cÖPwjZ Av‡Q; wekÖvg (Rest) + eid (Ice) + ÿZ cwi®‹vi (Compression) + D”PZvq ivLv (Elevation) =
RICE.
gvbe
gvbe Rxe‡bi avivevwnKZv
Rxe‡bi avivevwnKZv

cyiæl
ïµvkq (Testes): cÖRbbZš¿¿
 cÖ‡Z¨K ïµvk‡qi †fZ‡i cÖvq 1000wU m~² I cu¨vPv‡bv †mwgwb‡divm bvwjKv (seminiferous tubules) _v‡K|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
ïµvYy Drcbœ Kiv Ges †U‡÷v‡÷iY bvgK ni‡gvb ¶iY Kiv ïµvk‡qi KvR|
‡mwgbvj †fwmKj (Seminal vesicle):‡mwgbvj †fwmKj (Seminal vesicle) t
wm‡gb (semen) Drc‡bœi Rb¨ wecyj cwigvY wcw”Qj _K_‡K c`v_© ¶iY KivB †mwgbvj †fwmK‡ji KvR| ¶i‡Yi d«zK‡UvR mPj ïµvYyi kw³i Drm
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
cyiæl cÖRbbZ‡š¿i ni‡gvbvj wµqv :
¯¿x cÖRbbZš¿
wW¤^vkq (Ovary) t wW¤^vYy Drcbœ Kiv wW¤^vk‡qi cÖavb KvR| ZvQvov ¯¿x †hŠb ni‡gvb-B‡÷ªv‡Rb I †cÖv‡R‡÷iY ¶iY K‡i _v‡K|
Rivqy (Uterus) t Rivqy-cÖvPxi ewnt¯’ †cwi‡Uvwbqvg (peritoneum), ga¨¯’ gv‡qv‡gwUªqvg (myometrium) Ges AšÍt¯’ G‡Ûv‡gwUªqvg
(endometrium) G MwVZ| Rivqyi Dc‡ii Ask‡K Rivqy‡`n (body of uterus) Ges wb‡Pi Ask‡K mviwf· (cervix) e‡j| mviwf‡·i (RivqyK‡Éi)
wbtm„Z ¶viKxq im ïµvYyi Pjrkw³ e„w× K‡i|Mfv©e¯’vq Riviæ 20 ¸Y e„w× cvq|
ïµvYy m„wó:
 †mwgwb‡divm bvwjKvi evB‡ii w`‡Ki †Kvl¯Í‡ii bvg Rvwg©bvj Gwc‡_wjqvg (germinal epithelium)|
 Rvwg©bvj Gwc‡_wjqvj †Kvl wefvwRZ n‡q A‡bK ¯úvg©v‡UvMwbqv (spermatogonia) m„wó K‡i hv e„w× †c‡q cÖvBgvwi ¯úvg©v‡UvmvBU
(spermatocyte)-G cwiYZ nq|
 cÖvBgvwi ¯úvg©v‡UvmvB‡U cÖ_g wg‡qvwUK wefvRb NU‡j n¨vcø‡qW †m‡KÛvix ¯úvg©v‡UvmvBU Drcbœnq|
 †m‡KÛvwi ¯úvg©v‡UvmvBU wØZxq wg‡qvwUK wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g ¯úvg©vwUW (spermatid) Drcbœ K‡i|
 cÖ‡Z¨KwU ¯úvg©vwUW iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q G‡KKwU ïµvYy (sperm/spermatozoa) MVb K‡i|
*¯úvgv©‡Uv‡R‡bwmm cÖwµqvvi GKwU cÖvBgvix ¯úvgv©‡UvmvBU †_‡K 4wU ïµvby Drcbœ nq|
wW¤^vYy m„wó:
 wW¤^vYy cwiùzwUZ nq wW¤^vk‡q|
 cÖ_‡g Rvwg©bvj Gwc‡_wjqv‡gi wKQz †Kvl eo AvKvi aviY K‡i gvB‡Uvwm‡mi gva¨‡g wef³ n‡q DI‡Mvwbqv (oogonia) m„wó K‡j| Giv e„w× †c‡q
cÖvBgvwi DImvBU (primary oocyte)-G cwiYZ nq|
 cÖvBgvwi DImvB‡U cÖ_g wg‡qvwUK wefvRb NU‡j `ywU Amg AvK…wZi n¨vcø‡qW (n) †Kvl m„wó nq| eowU‡K †m‡KÛvwi DImvBU Ges †QvUwU‡K 1g †cvjvi
ewW e‡j|
 c‡i †mLv‡b wØZxq wg‡qvwUK wefvRb (cÖK…Zc‡¶ GwU gvB‡Uvwm‡mi bvgvšÍi) NU‡j †m‡KÛvwi DImvBU I cÖ_g †cvjvi ewW †_‡K †gvU 4wU †Kvl MwVZ
nq| G¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K †m‡KÛvwi DImvBU †_‡K Drcbœ me‡P‡q eo †KvlwU DIwUW (ootid) bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU Kvh©¶g wW¤^vYy (egg or ova) †Z
cwiYZ nq| evwK wZbwU ¶z`ª †cvjvi ewW `ªæZ webó n‡q hvq|
 A_©vr cÖ‡Z¨KwU D‡Mvwbqvg †_‡K 4wU AcZ¨ †Kvl m„wó n‡jI Gi g‡a¨ GKwU gvÎ cwic° wW¤^vYy‡Z cwiYZ nq|
wb‡lK (Fertilization)
 ïµvYy wbDwK¬qvm I wW¤^vYy wbDwK¬qv‡mi GKxfe‡bi gva¨‡g wWcø‡qW RvB‡MvU m„wói cÖwµqv‡K wb‡lK e‡j|
gvbe‡`‡n †h wb‡lK N‡U Zv cÖK…Zc‡¶ †m‡KÛvwi DImvBU I cwiYZ ïµvYyi wbDwK¬qv‡mi GKxfeb|
 öwjZ ïµvYy¸‡jvi A¨v‡µv‡mvg †_‡K nvqvjy‡ivwb‡WR bvgK GbRvBg ¶wiZ nq| wW¤^vYyi Pviw`‡K Aew¯’Z dwjKj †Kvl¸‡jv †h me c`v‡_©i mvnv‡h¨
ci¯úi hy³ _v‡K †m me c`v_©‡K G GbRvBg cwicv‡Ki gva¨‡g ïµvYyi Mgb c‡_i m„wó K‡i|
Bgcø¨v‡›Ukb (Implantation:wb‡l‡Ki ci 6 †_‡K 9 w`‡bi g‡a¨ †h cÖwµqvq RvB‡MvUwU e­ v‡÷vwm÷ Ae¯’vq Rivqyi G‡Ûv‡gwUªqv‡g ms¯’vwcZ nq
Zv‡K Bgcø¨v‡›Ukb e‡j|
wZbwU å~Yxq ¯Í‡ii cwiYwZ
wZbwU å~Yxq ‡ii cwiYwZ
åYxq ¯Íi c~Y©v½ cÖvwY‡`‡n †h Ask MwVZ nq
G‡±vWvg© 1| Z¡‡Ki GwcWvg©vj Ask Ges Z¡Kxq cÖwš’, Pzj, cvjK, †jvg, ¶zi, bL I GK ai‡Yi wks I AvuBk|
2| †PvL I AšÍtKY©| 3| cvqyi AveiY| 4| `uv‡Zi Gbv‡gjmn †gŠwLK Mnei| 5| mgMÖ mœvqyZš¿ I wKQy †ckx|
†g‡mvWvg© 1| AwaKvsk †ckx, †g`Kjv, Ab¨vb¨ †hvRK Kjv| 2| K¼vjZš¿| 3| Wvwg©m, K‡qK ai‡Yi AvuBk I wks Ges `uv‡Zi †Ww›Ub|
4| i³ msenbZš¿| 5| †iPbÑRbbZ‡š¿i AwaKvsk 6| wm‡jvwgK Gwc‡_wjqvg, †g‡m›Uvwi| 7| †cŠwóK bvjxi ewnt¯Íi| 8|
BD‡÷kxq bvjx I ga¨ K‡Y©i AveiY|
G‡ÛvWvg© 1| †cŠwóK bvjxi AveiY| 2| k¦mbZš¿, _vBi‡qW I _vBgvm MÖwš’, hK…Z I AMœ¨vkq| 3| ga¨K‡Y©i AveiY (KLbI KLbI)|
4| †iPb-RbbZ‡š¿i wKQy Ask (KLbI KLbI)

Mf©wb‡ivaK c×wZ I cwievi cwiKíbv

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

¯’vqx c×wZ: Rb¥wb‡iv‡ai Rb¨ ¯’vqx c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv‡K eܨvKiY (sterilisation) e‡j| GwU wb‡P ewY©Z `yai‡bi|
f¨v‡mKUwg (Vasectomy) t G c×wZ‡Z cyiæ‡li †¶‡Î Dfq w`‡Ki ïµbvwji Ask‡K †K‡U †eu‡a †`qv nq hv‡Z ïµvYy evB‡i Avm‡Z bv cv‡i|
wUD‡eKUwg (Tubectomy) ev jvB‡Mkb (ligation) t G c×wZ‡Z gwnjv‡`i †¶‡Î Dfq w`‡Ki †d‡jvwcqvb bvwji Ask ‡K‡U †eu‡a †`qv nq hv‡Z
ïµvYy cÖ‡e‡ki c_ iæ× n‡q hvq| AwaK mšÍvbeZx ev huviv G‡Kev‡iB Avi mšÍvb bv Pvb ev Mf©avi‡Yi Rb¨ kvixwiKfv‡e Amy¯’ Zuv‡`i Rb¨ G c×wZ MÖnY
Kiv AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
AvBwfGd c×wZ (IVE-In Vitro Fertilization Process)-K…wÎg Mf©aviY: Mf©aviY
 †`‡ni evB‡i M‡elYvMv‡i Kuv‡Pi cv‡Î ïµvYy I wW¤^vYyi wgjb NwU‡q wbwl³ wW¤^vYy‡K Rivqy‡Z ¯’vcb K‡i Mf©aviY Kiv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| G cÖwµqvi
bvg Bb wf‡Uªv wb‡lK (In Vitro Fertilization, ms‡¶‡c IVF) cÖwµqv)|
Patric Steptoe and Robert Edwards me©cÖ_g 1978 mv‡j G cÖwµqv D™¢veb K‡ib Ges 2010 mv‡j G Abb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ †bv‡ej cyi®‹vi jvf
K‡ib| cÖwµqvwU †U÷ wUDe c×wZ Ges f~wgô wkïwU †U÷ wUDe wkï (test-tube babiy) bv‡g mvaviYfv‡e cÖPwjZ|

†hŠbevwnZm †ivM, j¶Y I cÖwZKvi

(Syphilis)
 wmwdwjm (Syphilis)Treponema pallidum bvgK e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡gi msµg‡Y m„ó †hŠbevwnZ †ivM‡K wmwdwjm e‡j|
M‡bvwiqv (Gonorrhea): Neisseria gonorrhoeae cÖRvwZfy³ e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡gi msµg‡Y m„ó †hŠbevwnZ †ivM‡K M‡bvwiqv e‡j| N.
gonorrhoeae bvixi Rbb bvwj Ges bvix I cyiæ‡li BD‡i_ªvi wgDKvm wSwjø‡Z msµgY NUvq|
GBWm (AIDS):gvby‡li giYe¨vwa AIDS Gi KviY n‡”Q HIV. HIV fvBiv‡mi Avµg‡Y gvby‡li †k¦Z i³KwYKvi g¨v‡µv‡dR I T4 wj‡çvmvBU
aŸsmcÖvß nq| G‡Z †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv G‡Kev‡i bó n‡q hvq| d‡j Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q gvbyl gviv hvq| G Ae¯’v‡K GBWm (AIDS =
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) e‡j|

wRbZË¡ I weeZ©b(Genetics &

Evolution)
wRbZË¡ (Genetics)
 DBwjqvg †eUmb (William Bateson, 1861-1926) mv‡j Genetics k‡ãi me©cÖ_g cÖ‡qvM K‡ib|
 †g‡Ûj t wRbZ‡Ë¡i RbK e‡j cwiwPZ †MÖMi †Rvnvb †g‡Ûj (Gregor Johann Mendel, 1822-1884) Aw÷ªqvevmx GKRb ag©hvRK
wQ‡jb|
 `xN© mvZ eQiKvj wewfbœ gUiïuywU (Pea) Mv‡Qi Dci bvbvb cix¶v-wbix¶v Pvwj‡q wZwb eskMwZi welqvejxi MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v †`b hv `ywU m~‡Îi
gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv hvq| Zuvi m~θ‡jv‡K †g‡Û‡ji m~Î ev †g‡Ûjev` (Mendelism) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| †g‡Ûj cÖ`Ë ZË¡ eZ©gvb
wRbZ‡Ë¡i wfwË wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ|

‡g‡W‡ji m~Î t 1g m~Î

msKi Rx‡e wecixZ ˆewk‡ó¨i d¨v±img~n (Rxe¸‡jv) wgwkªZ ev cwiewZ©Z bv n‡q cvkvcvwk Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges Rbb‡Kvl m„wói mgq ci¯úi n‡Z c„_K
n‡q wfbœ wfbœ Rbb‡Kv‡l Mgb K‡i|
1g m~‡Îi Aci bvg t
 g‡bvnvBweªW µm m~Î,
 Rbb‡Kvl ï×Zvi m~Î, test cross ratio:1 t 1
 c„_Kxfeb m~Î|
 wR‡bvUvBwcK AbycvZ t 1 t 2 t 1,
 wd‡bvUvBwcK AbycvZ t 3 t 1

1g m~‡Îi e¨wZµg:
 Am¤ú~Y© cÖKUZv-1t2t1
 NvZK Rxeb-1t2t1
 mg-cÖKUZv-2t1

2q m~Î

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †Rvov wecixZ ˆewkó¨ m¤úbœ Rx‡ei g‡a¨ µm NUv‡j cÖ_g msKi cyiæ‡l †KejgvÎ cÖKU ˆewk󨸇jvB
cÖKvwkZ nq| wKš‘ Rbb‡Kvl Drcv`bKv‡j ˆewk󨸇jv †Rvov †f‡½ ci¯úi n‡Z ¯^Zš¿ ev ¯^vaxbfv‡e web¨¯Í n‡q wfbœ wfbœ
Rbb †Kv‡l cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|
m~‡Îi Aci bvg t
 WvB nvBeªxW µm m~Î,
 ¯^vaxbfv‡e wgjb m~Î,
 ¯^Zš¿ web¨vm m~Î,
 ¯^vaxbfv‡e msKivqb m~Î|
wR‡bvUvBwcK AbycvZ t 1 t 2 t 2 t 4 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1, wd‡bvUvBwcK AbycvZ t 9 t 3 t 3 t 3|
2q m~‡Îi e¨wZµg AbycvZ -
 Rx‡bi cwic~iK Rxb-9t7
 Gwc‡÷wmm-13t3
 ‰ØZ cÖ”Qbœ Gwc÷¨vwmm-9t7

cwj‡RwbK Bb‡nwiU¨vÝ (Polygenic Inheritance)

wfbœ wfbœ †jvKv‡m Aew¯’Z bb-A¨vwjwjK wR‡bi GKwU MÖæc mw¤§wjZfv‡e †Kv‡bv Rx‡ei GKwU ¸YMZ ˆewkó¨ wbqš¿Y Ki‡j ZLb †mB wRb MÖæc‡K cwjwRb
(polygene) e‡j|
cwj‡RwbK Bb‡nwiU¨vÝ ej‡Z Ggb ˆewk‡ó¨i DËivwaKvi eySvq hv A‡bK wR‡bi mw¤§wjZ cÖfve wn‡m‡e m„wó nq|

wj½ wba©viY bxwZ (Sex determination, XX-XY, XX-XO)

†h †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi gva¨‡g Rx‡ei wj½ wba©vwiZ nq, Zv‡K †m· †µv‡gv‡Rvg e‡j| G †µv‡gv‡Rvg¸‡jv‡K mvaviYZ X I Y ev (O) bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv
n‡q _v‡K|
gvby‡li cÖwZ‡Kv‡l 23 ‡Rvov †µv‡gv‡Rvg i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 22 †Rvov Dfq wj‡½ GKB iKg Ges †m¸‡jv‡K A‡Uv‡Rvg (autosome) e‡j| wKš‘
23Zg †Rvovi †µv‡gv‡Rvg bvix I cyiæl m`‡m¨ wfbœZi Ges G¸‡jv‡K †nUv‡iv‡Rvg (heterosome) ev †m· †µv‡gv‡Rvg (sex chromosome) ejv
nq|
gvbe‡`‡n `yai‡bi †m· †µv‡gv‡Rvg i‡q‡Q hv X I Y †µv‡gv‡Rvg bv‡g cwiwPZ| hvi †`‡n 23Zg †µv‡gv‡Rvg-‡Rvo 2wU X †µv‡gv‡Rv‡g (XX)
MwVZ †m e¨w³ bvix, Ab¨w`‡K hvi †`‡n 23Zg †µv‡gv‡Rvg-‡Rv‡oi GKwU X I Ab¨wU Y †µv‡gv‡Rvg (XY) †m e¨w³ cyiæl| G‡¶‡Î †`Lv hv‡”Q hveZxq
ˆewkó¨ wRb-wbqwš¿Z n‡jI wj½ wba©vwiZ nq †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi gva¨‡g|

†m· wj¼W wWmAW©vi (Sex-linked disorders)

 cÖvYxi wKQz ‰ewkó¨ Av‡Q hv †m· †µv‡gv‡Rv‡g Dcw¯’Z wRb w`‡q wbqwš¿Z nq| †m· †µv‡gv‡Rvg w`‡q wbqwš¿Z Gme ˆewkó¨‡K †m· wjsKW ˆewkó
(sex linked characters) e‡j|
Gme ˆewkó¨ †m· †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi mÂviY Abyhvqx eskvbyµ‡g mÂvwiZ nq| †m· †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi gva¨‡g †m· wj¼W ˆewk‡ó¨i esk ci¯úivq mÂvwiZ
nIqv‡K †m·-wj¼W Bb‡nwiU¨vÝ e‡j|
 gvby‡l G ch©šÍ cÖvq 60wU †m·-wj¼W wRb cvIqv hvq|

wn‡gvwdwjqv (Haemophilia)
wn‡gvwdwjqv n‡jv eskMZfv‡e mÂviYkxj ev DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß GKcÖKvi i³ ZÂb NwUZ ÎywU ev A¯^vfvweKZv| AvµvšÍ e¨w³‡`i i³ ZwÂZ nq bv
Ges i³ ¶iYRwbZ Kvi‡Y AvµvšÍ e¨w³i g„Zz¨I n‡Z cv‡i|
 K¬vwmK wn‡gvwdwjqv ev wn‡gvwdwjqv A t i³Z‡bi VIII b¤^i d¨v±i ev A¨vw›Uwn‡gvwdwjK d¨v±i (antihaemophilic factor) Drcbœ bv n‡j
GB †ivMwU nq|
 wLª÷gvm wWwRm ev wn‡gvwdwjqv B t i³i‡bi IX b¤^i d¨v±i ev cøvRgv _ª‡¤^vcøvmwUb Kg‡cv‡b›U (plasma thromboplastin component) ev
wLª÷gvm d¨v±i (christmas factor) Abycw¯’Z _vK‡j GB †ivMwU n‡q _v‡K|
ABO eøvW MÖæc
weÁvbx j¨vÛ‡÷Bbvi gvby‡li i‡³i †h †kÖwYweb¨vm K‡ib, Zv ABO eøvW MÖæc ev ms‡ÿ‡c eøvW MÖæc (blood group) bv‡g cwiwPwZ|
gvby‡li i‡³ A I B GB `yBiKg A¨vw›U‡Rb n‡Z cv‡i| A¨vw›U‡Rb A I B-i mv‡_ i³i‡m KZK¸‡jv ¯^Ztù~Z© A¨vw›UewW
i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv‡K e‡j a (ev anti-A) Ges b (anti-B)| Gfv‡e A¨vw›U‡Rbm I A¨vw›UewWi Dcw¯’wZi wfwˇZ mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi
i³‡K PviwU MÖæ‡c fvM Kiv hvq, h_v- A, B, AB I O|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
A eøvW MÖæ‡c A A¨vw›U‡Rb, B eøvW MÖæ‡c B A¨vw›U‡Rb Ges AB eøvW MÖæ‡c A I B Dfq A¨vw›U‡Rb _v‡K| O eøvW MÖæ‡c i‡³i
KwYKvwSwjø‡Z †Kv‡bv A¨vw›U‡Rb †bB wKš‘ i³i‡m a I b `yiKg A¨vw›UewWB _v‡K|
A- MÖæ‡ci i‡³i A¨vw›UewW B i³MÖæ‡ci †jvwnZ KwYKv‡K Rwg‡q †`q| Abyiæcfv‡e A MÖæ‡ci i‡³i A¨vwUewW A MÖæ‡ci i‡³i
†jvwnZ KwYKv‡K Rwg‡q †`q| wKš‘ AB MÖæ‡ci i³ Ab¨ MÖæ‡ci i³‡K Rgv‡Z cv‡i bv, KviY †mLv‡b ‡Kv‡bv A¨vw›UewW †bB|
mve©Rbxb `vZv- O, mve©Rbxb MÖwnZv- AB

Rh d¨v±i
1940 mv‡j Kvj© j¨vÛ‡÷Bbvi Ges DBbvi (Karl Landsteiner and Wiener) †imvm evb‡ii (Macaca mulatta) i³ Lo‡Mv‡mi
kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i Kwi‡q Li‡Mv‡mi i³i‡m GK ai‡bi A¨v›UewW Drcv`‡b mÿg nb|
‡imvm ev‡bii bvg Abymv‡I H A¨vw›U‡Rb‡K †imvm d¬v±i Rhesus factor ev ms‡ÿ‡c Rh factor e‡j|
‡jvwnZ i³KwYKvi cøvRgv †gg‡eªb Rh d¨v±‡ii Dcw¯’wZ-Abycw¯’wZi wfwˇZ i‡³i †kÖwYweb¨vm‡K Rh e‡j| Rh d¨v±iwewkó
i³‡K Rh+ (Rh cwRwUf) Ges Rh d¨v±iwenxb i³ ‡K Rh – (Rh †b‡MwUf) i³ e‡j|
Rh d¨v±iRwbZ mgm¨v
 i³ mÂvj‡b RwUjZv : Rh-i³wewkó e¨w³i i‡³ Rh+ wewkó i³ w`‡j cÖ_gevi MÖnxZvi †`‡n †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q bv, wKš‘
MÖnxZvi i³i‡m µgk Rh+ A¨vw›U‡R‡bi wecixZ A¨vw›UewW Drcbœ n‡e| GB A¨vw›UewW‡K A¨vw›U Rh d¨v±i e‡j|
A¨vw›U Rh d¨v±i gv‡qi i³ ‡_‡K Agivi gva¨‡g åæ‡Yi i‡³ cÖ‡ek Ki‡j åæ‡Yi †jvwnZ KwYKv‡K aŸsm K‡i, åæY I webó nq Ges
Mf©cvZ N‡U| G Ae¯’vq wkï RxweZ _vK‡jI Zvi †`‡n cÖPÛ i³víZv Ges R‡b¥I ci RwÛm †ivM †`Lv †`q| G Ae¯’v‡K Gwi‡_ªveøv‡÷vwmm
wdUvwjm (erythroblastosis foetalis) e‡j|
weeZ©b/Awfe¨w³ ((Evolution)
weeZ©‡bi axi I avivevwnK cÖwµqvq wbgœ¯Í‡ii Rxe †_‡K D”P ¯Í‡ii Rx‡ei eZ©gvb ch©v‡q †cŠ‡Q‡Q|
 Gw¤ú‡WvwK¬m †K weeZ©‡bi RbK ejv nq|
 ‡W‡gvwµUvm  kix‡ii †h †Kvb A½ cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Awf‡hvwRZ nq|
 A¨vwi÷Uj  wbgœ¯Í‡ii Rxe KZ¸‡jv avivevwnK wbq‡gi ga¨ w`‡q DbœwZi w`‡K AMÖmi nq|
weeZ©b gZev`:
j¨vgvK©ev`
ev‡qvjwR k‡ãi cÖeZ©K
‡giy`Ûx I A‡giæ`Ûx `yÕfv‡M wef³

WviDBbev`
1858 wLª÷v‡ã WviDBb I Iqv‡jm ˆRe weeZ©b m¤^‡Ü †h e³e¨ †i‡LwQ‡jb ZvB cieZx©‡Z ZvB WviDBbev` bv‡g cwiwPZ n‡q‡Q | G gZev‡`i `ywU
wfwË n‡”Q-(1) RxeRM‡Zi KZ¸‡jv ev¯Íe NUbv ch©‡eÿY Ges (2) G ev¯Íe NUbvejxi djvdj cÖKvk|wfwËg~j-`ywUi Dci cÖwZwôZ WviDBbev` weeZ©b
cÖwµqv‡K 6wU av‡c fvM K‡i‡Q|
NUbv cÖevn wm×všÍ
1. esk e„w×i D”Pnvi (Prodigality of production)
Rxeb msMÖvg
2. Lv`¨ I evm¯’v‡bi mxgve×Zv (Limitation for food and space)
3. Rxeb msMÖvg (Struggle for existence)
4. cwie„wËi Amxg ¶gZv (Omnipotence of variation amongst the ‡hvM¨Z‡gi Rq
individual) msMÖvg
5. †hvM¨Z‡gi Rq (/Survival of the fittest)
bZzb cÖRvwZi DrcwË
6. cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb (Natural selection)

1859 mv‡j WviDB‡bi weL¨vZ eB On The Origin Of Species by Means Of Natural Selection cÖKvwkZ nq|
cÖvYxi AvPiY
U¨v‡·m (Taxes): w`KgywL DÏxcbv ev DÏxcbv gvÎvi ZxeªZvi cÖwZ GKwU Rx‡ei mnRvZ AvPiYMZ mvov †`Iqv n‡”Q U¨vw·m (taxis, wMÖK taeksi =
arrangement ev web¨vm; eûeP‡b U¨v‡·m, taxes)| GwU Hw”QK AvPiY|
cÖwZeZx© wµqv ev wi‡d¬· (Reflexes):

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
wi‡d¬· ev cÖwZeZx© n‡”Q DÏxcbvi cÖwZ mvov †`Iqvi mijZg aib| GKwU mij DÏxcbvi cÖwZI cÖwZeZ©xi gva¨‡g †`n ev ‡`‡ni †Kvb Ask `ªæZ
¯^qswµq mvov †`q| cÖwZeZx© n‡”Q RwUj AvPi‡Yi mijZg GKK|
wi‡d¬‡·i cÖKvi‡f`
A‡bK ai‡bi n‡jI mg¯Í wi‡d¬·‡K cÖavbZ `y ai‡bi wi‡d¬‡·i AšÍf©y³ Kiv hvq t
 ‡UvwbK wi‡d¬· (Tonic reflex) t G ai‡bi wi‡d¬‡· m„ó mvov `xN©¯’vqx nq| †cwki `„pZv, fw½ I fvimvg¨ wbqš¿‡Y G wi‡d¬· RwoZ _v‡K|
 ‡dwRK wi‡d¬· (Phasic reflex) t G ai‡bi wi‡d¬‡·i m„ó mvov ¶Y¯’vqx nq| kixi euvKv‡bvi mgq G wi‡d¬· RwoZ _v‡K|
mnRvZ Av‡eM ev BbmwUs±m (Instincts):
 Av‡M weÁvbx‡`i aviYv wQj, BbmwUs± n‡”Q wbmM© cwiPvwjZ GK kw³|
 WviDBb (1859) me©cÖ_g BbmwUs‡±i ev¯ÍegywL GKwU msÁv †`Iqvi †Póv K‡ib|
 j‡iÄ (Lorenz, 1937) WviDB‡bi e³e¨ ‡g‡b wb‡jI wKQzUv wfbœgZ †cvlY K‡i e‡jb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvwYcÖRvwZi AvPiY KZK¸‡jv ¯’vqx (ev
AcwieZ©bxq) A¨vKkb c¨vUvY© (Fixed Action Pattern, FAP) wb‡q MwVZ, Avi FAP-G¸‡jv n‡”Q cÖRvwZ wbw`©ó, AZGe wRbMZfv‡e wba©vwiZ
(genetically determined)| j‡iÄ AviI e‡j‡Qb †h cÖwZwU FAP B BbmwUs± Ges cÖvYx‡`‡n A‡bK BbmwUs± †K›`ª i‡q‡Q|
†Kvl I †Kv‡li MVb

me‡P‡q †QvU †Kvl- mycoplasma

me‡P‡q eo †Kvl-DUcvwLi wWg
Cell (†mj) bvgKiY :
 Roert Hooke (1635-1703) 1665 mv‡j i‡qj †mvmvBwU Ae jÛb Gi hš¿cvwZi i¶K wbhy³ n‡qB fve‡jb AvMvgx mvßvwnK mfvq Dcw¯’Z weÁ
weÁvbx‡`i mvg‡b GKUv fv‡jv wKQz Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| wZb bvg †`b (Cell) ev cÖ‡Kvô|

Ro †Kvl cÖvPxi (Cell Wall)

 ievU© ûK 1665 mv‡j AYyex¶Y h‡š¿ †h †Kvl †`‡LwQ‡jb Zv wQj g~jZ †Kvl cÖvPxi| †Kvl cÖvPxi Dw™¢`‡Kv‡li Abb¨ ˆewkó¨|

†fŠZ MVb
cª_gwU n‡jv ga¨c`©v (middle lamella)| gvB‡UvwUK †Kvl wefvR‡bi †U‡jv‡dR (telophase) ch©v‡q Gi m~Pbv N‡U|
wØZxq ¯ÍiwU n‡jv cÖv_wgK cÖvPxi (primary wall) ga¨c`©vi Ici †mjy‡jvR (cellulose) †nwg‡mjy‡jvR (hemicellulose) Ges MøvB‡Kv‡cÖvwUb
(glycoprotein) BZ¨vw` Rgv n‡q GKwU cvZjv ¯Íi (1-3  mcyi ) ˆZix K‡i| GwU cÖv_wgK cÖvPxi| mvaviYZ †mjy‡jvR Ges wjMwbb Rgv nq| G‡K
†m‡KÛvwi cÖvPxi (secondary wall) ejv nq|
ivmvqwbK MVb
ga¨c`©vq AwaK cwigv‡Y _v‡K †cKwUK A¨vwmW| G Qvov A`ªeYxq K¨vjwmqvg †cK‡UU Ges g¨vM‡bwmqvg †cK‡UU jeY _v‡K -hv‡K †cUKwUb ejv nq|
A‡bK ‡m‡KÛvix cÖvPx‡i wjMwbb (lignin) _v‡K|
QÎv‡Ki cÖvPxi KvBwUb Ges e¨vK‡Uwiqvi cÖvPxi wjwcW : †cÖvwUb cwjgvi w`‡q MwVZ|
m~² MVb :
†KvlcÖvPx‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv †mjy‡jvR| hv 6-Kve©bwewkó   D Møy‡KvR wPwbi AmsL¨ AYy wb‡q MwVZ|
 cÖvq GKk †mjy‡jvR †PBb wgwjZfv‡e GKwU wµ÷vjvBb gvB‡mwjm (micelles) MVb K‡i|
gvB‡mwjm‡K †KvlcÖvPx‡ii ¶z`ªZg MvVwbK GKK aiv nq|
20wU gvB‡mwj wg‡j GKwU gvB‡µvdvBweªj (microfibril) MVb K‡i Ges 250wU gvB‡µvdvBweªj wgwjZfv‡e GKwU g¨v‡µvdvBwej (macrofibril)
MVb K‡i|

†cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi cªavb Askmg~n

cøvRgv‡gg‡eªb ev †KvlwSwjø, mvB‡UvcøvRg Ges wbDwK¬qvm  G wZbwU n‡jv †cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi cÖavb Ask|

cøvRgv‡gg‡eªb ev †KvlwSwjø (Cell membrane)

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
 †Kvl cÖvPx‡ii wVK wb‡P mg¯Í †cÖv‡UvcøvRg‡K wN‡i GKwU mRxe wSwjø _v‡K| G‡K cøvRgv‡gg‡eªb, cøvRgv‡jgv, mvB‡Uv‡gg‡eªb ,ev‡qv‡g‡g‡eªb
Gme bv‡gI AwfwnZ Kiv nq| bv‡Mwj (Nageli; 1855) GB wSwjø‡K cøvRgv‡gg‡eªb bvgKiY K‡ib|
d¬zBW-†gvRvBK g‡Wj (Fluid-mosaic model):
wewfbœ g‡W‡ji g‡a¨ me‡P‡q MÖnYxq g‡Wj n‡jv d¬zBW-‡gvRvBK g‡Wj (S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson-1972)|
G g‡Wj Abyhvqx †KvlwSwjø wدÍiwewkó| cÖwZwU ¯Íi dm‡dvwjwcW w`‡q MwVZ| Dfq ¯Í‡ii nvB‡WªvKve©b †jRwU mvgbvmvgwb (gy‡LvgywL) _v‡K Ges
cvwbMÖvnx (hydrophillic) †giy Ask wecixZ w`‡K _v‡K|
d¬zBW-‡gvRvBK g‡Wj Abyhvqx †KvlwSwjøi MvVwbK Dcv`vb wbgœiƒc :
 wjwcW evB‡jqvi : GwU dm‡dvwjwcW w`‡q ˆZix| cÖwZwU dm‡dvwjwc‡W GK AYy wMømvij _v‡K Ges wMømwi‡ji mv‡_ `ywU bb‡cvjvi d¨vwU A¨vwmW †jR
Ges GKwU †cvjvi dm‡dU gv_v _v‡K|
 ‡gg‡eªb †cÖvwUb : †Kvl wSwjø‡Z wZb ai‡bi †cÖvwUb kbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb :
(i) BbwUMÖvj †cÖvwUb-G¸‡jv wSwjøi Dfq mv‡d©m ch©šÍ e¨vß _v‡K|
(ii) †cwi‡divj †cÖvwUb-G¸‡jv wSwjøi mv‡d©‡m _v‡K Ges
(iii) wjwcW m¤ú„³ †cÖvwUb G¸‡jv wjwcW †Kvi G m¤ú„³ _v‡K|
 MøvB‡KvK¨vwj· : GwU wSwjøi Ici GKwU wPwbi ¯Íi we‡kl| MøvB‡Kv‡cÖvwUb Ges MøvB‡KvwjwcW‡K wgwjZfv‡e MøvB‡KvK¨vwj· ejv nq|
 †Kv‡j‡÷ij : cÖvwY‡Kv‡li wSwjø‡Z GwU A‡c¶vK…Z †ewk _v‡K|
†KvlwSwjøi ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb:
(i) †KvlwSwjø‡Z _v‡K †cÖvwUb, wjwcW Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î cwjm¨vKvivBW (polysaccharides)|
(ii) †cÖvwUb MvVwbK Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e (structural) GbRvBg wn‡m‡e (enzymes) Ges evnK (carrier protein) wn‡m‡e _v‡K| G‡`i MVb I cwigvYMZ
cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
 †KvlwSwjøi ‡gvU ﮋ IR‡bi cÖvq 75 fvMB wjwcW| wjwcW cÖavbZ dm‡dvwjwcW (phospholipids) wn‡m‡e _v‡K| B‡Zvg‡a¨B cuvP iKg dm‡dvwjwcW
kbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q-hvi me‡P‡q mijwU n‡jv dm‡dvUvBwWK A¨vwmW Ges Ab¨ PviwU RwUj cÖK…wZi (complex)| RwUj dm‡dvwjwc‡Wi g‡a¨ †jwmw_b
(lecithin) cÖavb| wSwjø¯’ dm‡dvwjwc‡Wi A‡a©‡Ki †ewk _v‡K †jwmw_b|

mvB‡UvcøvRg (Cytoplasm)
wbDwK¬qv‡mi evB‡i Aew¯’Z Ges †KvlwSwjø w`‡q cwi‡ewóZ †cÖv‡UvcøvRgxq As‡ki bvgB n‡jv mvB‡UvcøvRg|

mvB‡UvcøvR‡g weivRgvb A½vYymg~n

mvB‡UvcøvR‡g †ek wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A½vYy weivR K‡i| wb‡P mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi cÖavb cÖavb A½vYyi weeiY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv :
cøvw÷W (Plastid)
mvB‡UvcøvRg¯’ me©e„nr ¶z`ªv‡½i bvg cøvw÷W| 1883 mv‡j wk¤úvi (W. Schimper, 1856-1901) me©cÖ_g Dw™¢` †Kv‡l meyR e‡Y©i cøvw÷W j¶
K‡ib Ges Gi bvgKiY K‡ib †K¬v‡ivcøv÷|
QÎvK, e¨vK‡Uwiqv, bxjvf-meR ‰kevj cÖf„wZ †Kv‡l cøvw÷W ‡bB|
bxjvf meyR ˆkev‡j cøvRgv‡gg‡eªb ‡fZ‡i cÖweó n‡q _vBjvK‡qW m„wó K‡i Ges _vBjvK‡qW †K¬v‡ivwdj aviY K‡i|
cøvw÷W cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi| h_v-
(K) wjD‡Kvcøv÷
(L) †µv‡gvcøv÷ Ges
(M) †K¬v‡ivcøv÷|

wjD‡Kvcøv÷ (Leucoplast)
 Giv eY©nxb (leucos = eY©nxb)| Av‡jvi ms¯ú‡k© G‡j wjD‡Kvcøv÷, †µv‡gvcøv‡÷, we‡kl K‡i †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷ iæcvbÍwiZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Ae¯’vb : g~j, f~-wbgœ¯’ KvÛ cÖf„wZ †h me A‡½ m~h©v‡jvK †cŠQvq bv †m me A‡½i †Kvl wjD‡Kvcøv÷|
cÖKvi‡f` : mwÂZ Lv‡`¨i cÖK…wZi Ici wfwË K‡i wjD‡Kvcøv÷‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v-
A¨vgvB‡jvcøv÷ (amyloplast) : ÷vP© ev †k¦Zmvi RvZxq Lv`¨ mÂqKvix wjD‡Kvcøv÷‡K A¨vgvB‡jvcøv÷ ejv nq|
Bjv‡qvcøv÷ (elaiolplast) : Pwe©RvZxq Lv`¨ mÂqKvix wjD‡Kvcøv÷‡K Bjv‡qvcøv÷ ejv nq|
A¨vwjD‡ivcøv÷ (aleuroplast) : †cÖvwUb mÂqKvix wjD‡Kvcøv÷‡K A¨vwjD‡ivcøv÷ ev †cÖvwU‡bvcøv÷ ejv nq|
KvR : Lv`¨ mÂq K‡i ivLv Ges kK©iv †_‡K †k¦Zmvi RvZxq Lv`¨ ˆZix Kiv G‡`i cÖavb KvR|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

‡K¬v‡ivcøv÷ (Chloroplast)
meyR e‡Y©i cøvw÷W‡K ejv nq †K¬v‡ivcøv÷| ‡K¬v‡ivwdj-a, †K¬v‡ivwdj-b, K¨v‡ivwUb I R¨v‡š’vwd‡ji mgš^‡q †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ MwVZ|
cÖwZ †Kv‡l msL¨v : GK n‡Z GKvwaK| D”P‡kªwYi Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l mvaviYZ 10 n‡Z 40wU †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ _v‡K| wKš‘ wbgœ‡kªwYi Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l mvaviYZ AviI Kg
_v‡K|
AvK…wZ :
D”P‡kªwYi Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i AvK…wZ mvaviYZ †j‡Ýi g‡Zv n‡q _v‡K|
wbgœ‡kªwYi Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l G‡`i AvK…wZ n‡iK iKg n‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgb- †cqvjvK…wZ (Chlamydomonas), mwc©jvKvi (Spirogyra), RvwjKvKvi
(Oedogonium), ZviKvKvi (Zygnema), AvswU AvK…wZi (Ulothrix) †MvjvKvi (Rithophora) B`¨vw`|
AvKvi : Spirogyra Gi mwc©jvKvi †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ †mvRv Ae¯’vq †Kv‡li ˆ`‡N©¨i †P‡qI †ewk j¤^v|
†K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i MVb: wbgœwjwLZ Ask wb‡q †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ MwVZ -
AveiYx wSwjø :
 ‡÷ªvgv :
_vBjvK‡qW I MÖvbvg :
‡÷ªvgv j¨v‡gwj :
d‡Uvwmb‡_wUK BDwbU I ATP-synthases :
DNA :

gvB‡UvKwÛªqv (Mitochondria)
cÖK…Z Rxe‡Kv‡li ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A½vYy n‡jv gvB‡UvKwÛªqv| †Kv‡li hveZxq ˆRewbK Kv‡Ri kw³ mieivn K‡i e‡j gvB‡UvKwÛªqv‡K †Kv‡li ÔcvIqvi nvDmÕ
ev kw³iNi ejv nq| ei
G A½vYy‡Z †µem Pµ, d¨vwU A¨vwmW Pµ, B‡j±ªb Uªv݇cvU© cÖwµqv cÖf„wZ N‡U _v‡K|
Avwe®‹vi I bvgKiY :
KwjKvi (Kolliker) 1850 mv‡j Av‡jv‡K Abyex¶‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ mvB‡UvcøvR‡g bvbv AvK…wZwewkó Gme A½vYy Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
1894 mv‡j Aëg¨vb (Altman) gvB‡UvKwÛªqb Gi Dcw¯’wZ j¶ K‡ib|
1898 mv‡j †eìv (Benda) G A½vYy¸‡jv‡K gvB‡UvKwÛªqv bvgKiY K‡ib|
msL¨v : cÖKvi‡f‡` cÖwZ †Kv‡l GK n‡Z GKvwaK _vK‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ M‡o cÖwZ †Kv‡l 300 n‡Z 400wU gvB‡UvKwÛªqv _v‡K|

gvB‡UvKwÛªqvi MVb
wbgœwjwLZ Ask wb‡q gvB‡UvKwÛªqv MwVZ :
AveiYx :
 cÖwZwU gvB‡UvKwÛªqb wj‡cv‡cÖvwUb evB‡jqv‡ii `ywU †gg‡eªb wb‡q MwVZ| †gg‡eªbwU LuvRwenxb, g~jZ †fZ‡ii Askmg~n‡K i¶v KivB Gi cÖavb
KvR|
‡fZ‡ii †gg‡eªbwU eû¸‡Y j¤^v,
(i) wewfbœfv‡e fuvRv n‡q †fZ‡ii w`‡K cÖjw¤^Z, †fZ‡i cÖjw¤^Z fuvR¸‡jv‡K wµw÷ (GK eP‡b wµ÷v) ejv nq| Gi d‡j mv‡d©m Gwiqv eûjvs‡k e„w×
cvq|
(ii) †fZ‡ii †gg‡eªbwU me AYy ev Avq‡bi Avmv hvIqvi Rb¨ Db¥y³ bq| we‡klfv‡e wbqwš¿Z (selectively permeable)| GB †gg‡eªb mshy³
Uv݇cvU© †cÖvwU‡bi gva¨‡g `ª‡e¨i Av`vb cÖ`vb nq|
(iii)cÖavb Uªv݇cvU© `ªe¨¸‡jv ADP, A‰Re dm‡dU, K¨vjwmqvg Avqb, †mvwWqvg Avqb, mvBwUªK A¨vwmW P‡µi `ªe¨mg~n, ETS Gi `ªe¨mg~n|

ATP-Synthases I
ETS G‡Z ATP ms‡køwlZ nq|
 wµw÷‡Z ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b ATP-Synthases bvgK †MvjvKvi e¯‘ Av‡Q|
GQvov mg¯Í wµw÷e¨vcx A‡bK B‡j±ªb U¨v݇cvU© wm‡÷g (ETS) Aew¯’Z| Av‡M G‡`i‡K GK mv‡_ Aw·‡Rvg wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv n‡Zv|
DNA I ivB‡ev‡mvg : gvB‡UvKwÛªqvi wbR¯^ e„ËvKvi DNA Ges ivB‡ev‡mvgv i‡q‡Q| GwUI Avw` †Kvlxq ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ| Giv g¨vwUª· G _v‡K|

G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjvg (Endoplasmic reticulum)

cwiYZ †Kv‡l mvB‡UvcøvR‡g †h RvwjKv web¨vm †`Lv hvq ZvB G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjvg ev AšÍ:cøvRgxq RvwjKv|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjv‡gi KvR:
Avwe®‹vi : †cvU©vi (K.R. Porter) Ges Zuvi m½xiv 1945 mv‡j me©cÖ_g hK…Z †Kv‡l GwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
MVbMZfv‡e Giv wZb cÖKvi| h_v-
(K) wm÷vwb© (Cisternae) :
(L) ‡fwmKj (Vesicles) :
(M) wUDweDj (Tubule) :
G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjv‡gi KvR:
(i) GwU †cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi KvVv‡gv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
(ii) Ag„mY †iwUKzjv‡g ‡cÖvwUb ms‡køwlZ nq|
(iii) gm„Y †iwUKzjv‡g (we‡klZ cÖvYx †Kv‡l) wjwcW, gZvšÍ‡i wewfbœ ni‡gvb, MøvB‡Kv‡Rb cÖf„wZ ms‡køwlZ nq|
(iv) GwU wjwcW I †cÖvwU‡bi AšÍ:evnK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
(v) A‡b‡Ki g‡Z G‡Z †KvlcÖvPx‡ii Rb¨ †mjy‡jvR ˆZix nq|
(vi) ivB‡ev‡mvg, MøvBAw·‡mv‡gi aviK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

ivB‡ev‡mvg (Ribosome)
 mvB‡UvcøvR‡g gy³ Ae¯’vq weivRgvb A_ev AšÍ:cøvRgxq RvwjKvi Mv‡q Aew¯’Z †h `vbv`vi KYvq †cÖvwUb ms‡kølY N‡U Zv ivB‡ev‡mvg| mvB‡UvcøvR‡g
gy³ Ae¯’vqI ivB‡ev‡mvg _v‡K|
ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb : ivB‡ev‡mv‡gi cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡”Q RNA I †cÖvwUb| G‡`i AbycvZ cÖvq 1 t 1|
ivB‡ev‡mv‡gi KvR: †cÖvwUb ms‡kølY Ki| †cÖvwUb ms‡køl‡Yi ïiæ‡Z mRNA Avw` †Kv‡li 30S Ges cÖK…Z †Kv‡li 40S mve BDwb‡Ui mv‡_ ms‡hvM
¯’vcb K‡i|

MjwM ewW (Golgi body)

 BZvjxq mœvqyZË¡w` K¨vwg‡jv MjwM (Camillo Golgi, 1843-1926) 1898 mv‡j cÖ_g †cuPv I weov‡ji mœvqy‡Kv‡l GwU †`L‡Z cvb Ges Zuvi bvgvbymv‡i
cieZx©Kv‡j G A½vYyi bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q MjwM ewW|
MVb :
†PŠev”Pv AvK…wZi MVbmg~n‡K wm÷vwb© (GK eP‡b wm÷vb©v) e‡j Ges wKQzUv AwbqwgZ bvwjKv I †fwmKjmg~n ‡K UªvÝMjwM †bUIqvK© (TGN) e‡j|
cÖwZwU ¯^Zš¿ Mv`v‡K (stack) ejv nq| MjwM ewW ev wWKUv‡qv‡mvg (dictyosome)|
 Dw™¢` †Kv‡l MjwM ewW‡K Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU d¨v±wi ejv nq| DwØ` †Kv‡l MjwM ewWi Avi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KvR n‡jv †KvlcÖvPxi MVb Kiv|
DrcwË : m¤¢eZ gm„Y G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjvg n‡Z DrcwË nq|
MjwM ewWi KvR:
(i) jvB‡mv‡mvg ˆZiv Kiv|
(ii) A-‡cÖvwUb RvZxq c`v‡_©i ms‡kølY Kiv|
(iii) wKQz GbRvBg wbM©g Kiv|
(iv) †Kvl wefvRbKv‡j †Kvl‡cøU ˆZix Kiv|
(v) †cÖvwUb, †nwg‡mjy‡jvR, gvB‡µvdvBweªj ˆZix Kiv|
(vi) †Kvl¯’ cwvb †ei Kiv|
(vii) G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjv‡g cÖ¯‘ZK…Z `ªe¨vw` wSwjøe× Kiv|
(i) wewfbœ cwjm¨vKvivBW ms‡kølY I cwien‡b Ask MÖnY Kiv|

jvB‡mv‡mvg (Lysosome)
1955 mv‡j `¨ `yÕ‡e (de Duve, 1017)-G ai‡bi A½vYyi bvgKiY K‡ib jvB‡mv‡mvg|
we¯Í…wZ :
 cÖvwY‡`‡ni †k¦Z i³KwYKv †Kv‡l AwaK msL¨vq jvB‡mv‡mvg †`Lv hvq| cÖvq me cÖvYx‡Kv‡l, we‡kl K‡i e„° †Kvl, A‡š¿i AveiYx †Kv‡lI jvB‡mv‡mvg
Av‡Q|
RBC- †Z jvB‡mv‡mvg _v‡K bv|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
m¤cÖwZ Dw™¢`‡Kv‡lI jvB‡mv‡mvg Avwe®‹„Z n‡q‡Q hv‡K spherosome ejv nq| G‡`i‡K oleosome- I ejv nq| Giv AvKv‡i †QvU Ges G‡`i wSwjø
GK ¯Íiwewkó| ˆZj RvZxq c`v_© wSwjøe× Kiv G‡`i cÖavb KvR|
MVb : jvB‡mv‡mvg GKwU wدÍiwewkó AveiYx Øviv Ave× _v‡K| AveiYx wSwjø wj‡cv-‡cÖvwUb wbwg©Z| wSwjø Øviv Ave× Ae¯’vq G‡Z cÖvq 40 ai‡bi GbRvBg
_v‡K|
jvB‡mv‡mv‡gi KvR:
jvB‡mv‡mv‡gi GbRvBgmg~n A¤øxq cwi‡e‡k Kg©¶g nq; mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wbDUªvj pH-G Giv Kg©¶g _v‡K bv; ZvB †Kv‡li †Zgb †Kv‡bv ¶wZ nq bv|
cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq mvB‡UvcøvRg †_‡K †cÖvwUb (H+) G‡b A¤øxq cwi‡ek ˆZix K‡i Giv KvR K‡i|
G‡`i KvR n‡jv- d¨v‡MvmvB‡Uvwmm (phagocytosis) ev AvµgYKvix RxevYy f¶Y|

‡mw›Uª‡qvj (Centriole)
 cÖvYx‡Kvl I wKQz msL¨K Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l †mw›Uª‡qvj _v‡K| weÁvbx Van Benden 1887 mv‡j GwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
we¯Í…wZ : Avw` †Kvl, WvqvUg, Có I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡` GwU Abycw¯’Z|
‡fŠZ MVb : GwU bjvKvi, cÖvq 0.25 m e¨vmwewkó I 3.7 m j¤^v| Giv †`L‡Z †ejbvKvi, `yB gyL †Lvjv wccvi g‡vZ|
cÖwZwU †mw›Uª‡qvj wZbwU cÖavb Ask wb‡q MwVZ; h_v-
(1) cÖvPxi ev wmwjÛvi Iqvj (triplets)
(2) Îxq AYybvwjKv ev wUªc‡jUm (triplets) Ges
(3) †hvRK ev wjsKvi (linkers)|
†m‡›Uªvwùqvimn †mw›U‡qvj‡K †m‡›Uªv‡mvg Aew¯’Z Mvp Zij c`v_©‡K †m‡›Uªvwùqvi (Centrosphere) Ges †m‡›Uªvwùqvimn †mw›Uª‡qvj‡K †m‡›Uªv‡mvg
(Centrosome) e‡j|
ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb : †mw›Uª‡qvj mvaviYZ †cÖvwUb, wjwcWI ATP wb‡q MwVZ|
†mw›Uª‡qv‡ji KvR:
(i) †Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq gvKyZš¿ MVb Kiv|
(ii) †Kvl wefvR‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv|
(iii) wmwjqv I d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³ †K‡l wmwjqv I d¬¨v‡Rjv m„wó Kiv|
(iv) ïµvYyi ‡jR MVb Kiv|

gvB‡µvwUDweDjm (Microtubules)
 gvB‡µvwUDweDjm AkvL, j¤^v I bjvuKvi| Giv †Kvl wefvRb I ¶iY, AvšÍ:†Kvlxq cwienb Ges d¬v‡Rjv I wmwjqvi Av‡›`vj‡b f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
weÁvbx Robertis I Franchi (1953) G¸‡jv cÖ_g Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
gvB‡µvwUDweDjm-Gi KvR :
(i) d¬¨v‡Rjv, wmwjqv BZ¨vw`i wePj‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|
(ii)Giv mvB‡Uv-K¼vj wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges †Kvl‡K `„pZv cÖ`vb K‡i|

cviAw·‡mvg (Peroxisome)

cviAw·‡mvg cÖvq me ai‡bi †K‡l †`Lv †M‡jI cÖvYxi wKWwb I wjfvi †Kv‡l AwaK _v‡K| Gi ‡fZ‡i wµ÷vj ev `vbvi AvKv‡i mÂqx GbRvBg Kgv
_v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ catalase cÖavb GbRvBg| GB GbRvBg 2H 2 O 2 (nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cviAw·vBW) ‡K 2H 2O  O2 (cvwb I Aw·‡Rb)-G iæcvšÍwiZ
K‡i|
wbDwK¬qvm
(Nucleus) :
 ievU© eªvDb (Robert Brown) 1831 mv‡j AwK©W (ivmœv) c·Kv‡l wbDwK¬qvm Avwe®‹vi I bvgKiY K‡ib|
msL¨v I we¯Í…wZ :
 cÖwZ †Kv‡l mvaviYZ GKwU wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K| Avw` ‡Kv‡l †Kv‡bv wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K bv|
 wmf †Kvl, gvby‡li †jvwnZ i³ KwYKv cÖf„wZ‡Z cwiYZ Ae¯’vq wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K bv| A‡bK ‡Kv‡l GKvwaK wbDwK¬qvmI _vK‡Z cv‡i, †hgb-
Vaucheria, Botrydium, Sphaeroplea BZ¨vw` ˆkevj I Penicillium mn KwZcq QÎvK|
wbDwK¬qv‡mi KvR : wbDwK¬qvm †Kv‡li me ai‡bi KvR wbqš¿Y K‡i| G‡Z †µv‡gv‡mvg _v‡K hvi Øviv esk ci¤úivq Rx‡ei ˆewkó¨ i¶v cvq|
†fŠZ MVb : wbgœwjwLZ PviwU Ask wb‡q GKwU wbDwK¬qvm MwVZ nq-
(K) wbDwK¬qvi Gb‡fjc,
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
(L) wbDwK¬‡qvcøvRg,
(M) wbDwK¬‡qvjvm Ges
(N) wbDwK¬qvi †iwUKzjvg ev †µvgvwUb RvwjKv|
wbDwK¬qvi Gb‡fjc-Gi KvR :
(i) mvB‡UvcøvRg n‡Z wbDwK¬‡qvcøvRg, wbDwK¬‡qvjvm Ges †µvgvwUb RvwjKv‡K c„_K Kiv Ges msi¶Y Kiv |
(ii) Af¨šÍixY `ªe¨ I ewn¯’ mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v I cwienb Kiv|
wbDwK¬‡qvcøvRg (Nucleoplasm)wbDwK¬qvi Gb‡fjc Øviv Ae„Z ¯^PQ, Nb I `vbv`vi Zij c`v_©B wbDwK¬‡qvcøvRg|
wbDwK¬‡qvcøvR‡gi KvR :†µvgvwUb RvwjKv aviY Kiv, (ii) wbDwK¬‡qvjvm aviY Kiv,
wbDwK¬‡qvjv‡mi KvR :wewfbœ cÖKvi RNA ms‡kølYKiv| (iii) wbDwK¬‡qvUvB‡Wi fvÛvi wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv|
wbDwK¬qvi †iwUKzjvg ev †µvgvwUb Zš‘y (Nuclear reticulum or Chromatin fibre):
‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi ivmvqwbK MVb : ivmvqwbKfv‡e cÖwZwU †µv‡gv‡mvg DNA, RNA, wn‡÷vb I bb-wn‡÷vb †cÖvwUb w`‡q MwVZ; G Qvov wKQz K¨vjwmqvg Ges
g¨vM‡bwmqvgI Av‡Q|
wbDwK¬qvi †iwUKzjv‡gi KvR :
i) eskMwZi ˆewk‡ó¨i aviY I evnb wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv|
(ii) wgD‡Ukb, cÖKiY m„wó BZ¨vw` Kv‡RI gyL f~wgKv cvjb Kiv|

‡Kvl¯’ wbRx©e e¯‘ (Ergastic substances)

 wbRx©e e¯‘¸‡jv‡K cÖavbZ wZb †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq |h_v- (K) mwÂZ e¯‘, (L) wb:m„Z e¯‘ Ges (M) eR©¨ c`v_©|
 mwÂZ e¯‘ (Reserve materials) : cªavb cÖavb mwÂZ e¯‘¸‡jv n‡jv-kK©iv (Kv‡ev©nvB‡WªU), Avwgl (†cÖvwUb) Ges Pwe© (wjwcW)|
 wb:m„Z c`v_© (Secretory products) : cÖavb cÖavb wb:m„Z c`v_© n‡jv wcM‡g›U, GbRvBg Ges †bKUvi|
 eR©¨ c`v_© (Excretory products) : eR©¨ c`v_©mg~n AwaKvskB †cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi †gUvewjK Kvh©cÖwµqvq DcRvwZ wn‡m‡e Drcbœ nq| D‡jøL‡hvM¨
eR©¨ c`v_©mg~n n‡jv †iwRb, U¨vwbb, Mvg, j¨v‡U·, A¨vjKvj‡qW, AM©vwbK A¨vwmW, DØvqx †Zj Ges LwbR wµ÷vj| cÖavb LwbR wµ÷vj n‡jv K¨vjwmqvg
A·v‡jU| KL‡bv Giv muy‡Pi g‡Zv AvKv‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i| ZLb G‡K ejv nq i¨vdvBW, Av½y‡ii ‡_vKvi g‡Zv K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡b‡Ui wµ÷vj‡K ejv nq
wm‡÷vwj_ (cystolith)|

†µv‡gv‡mvg (Chromosome)
Avwe®‹vi :
1875 wLª÷v‡ã Strasburger wbDwK¬qv‡m †µv‡gv‡mvg Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
1882 wLª÷v‡ã Walter Flemming †µv‡gv‡mvg wØfvRb (splitting) eY©bv K‡ib Ges is aviY‡hvM¨ G e¯‘‡K bvg †`b †µvgvwUb|
1888 wLª÷v‡ã W. Waldeyer me©cÖ_g †µv‡gv‡mvg kãwU e¨envi K‡ib| Kv‡RB †µv‡gv‡mvg A_© n‡jv ÔiwÄb †`nÕ ev Ôis aviYKvix †`nÕ|
cÖKvi‡f` : ˆewkó¨ Abymv‡i †µv‡gv‡mvg `yÕcÖKvi h_v- i) A‡Uv‡mvg (ii) †m· †µv‡gv‡mvg|
†µv‡gv‡mv‡gi ‡fŠZ MVb
1.‡µvgvwUb (Chromatin)
2.†µvgvwUW (Chromatid)
3.†m‡›Uªvwgqvi (Centromere)
4.evû (Arm)
5.KvB‡b‡Uv‡Kvi (Kinetochore)
6.‡µv‡gvwgqvi (Chromomere)
7.m¨v‡UjvBU (Satellite)
8.‡U‡jvwgqvi (Telomere)
wewfbœ AvK…wZi †µv‡gv‡mvg
(i) ga¨‡Kw›`ªK ev †gUv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡mvg (Metacentric) : †h †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †m‡›UªvwgqviwU G‡Kev‡i gvSLv‡b Aew¯’Z Zv‡K ga¨‡Kw›`ªK ev
†gUv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡mvg e‡j| ga¨‡Kw›`ªK †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi `yB evû mg‰`N©¨ wewkó nq Ges A¨vbv‡dR ch©v‡q Gi AvK…wZ Bs‡iwR `V’ A¶‡ii g‡Zv
†`Lvq|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
(ii Dc-ga¨‡Kw›`ªK ev mve-‡gUv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡mvg (Submetacentric) : †h †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †m‡›UªvwgqviwU ga¨Lvb †_‡K GKUz GK cv‡k Aew¯’Z Zv‡K
Dc-ga¨‡Kw›`ªK ev mve †gUv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡mvg e‡j| Dc-ga¨‡Kw›`ªK †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi `yB evû mvgvb¨ Amg ‰`N©¨wewkó nq Ges A¨vbv‡dR ch©v‡q Gi
AvK…wZ A‡bKUv Bs‡iwR ÔL’ A¶‡ii g‡Zv †`Lvq|
(iii) Dc-cÖvšÍ‡Kw›`ªK ev G‡µv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡mvg (Acrocentric) : †h †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †m‡›UªvwgqviwU †Kv‡bv GK cÖv‡šÍi KvQvKvwQ Aew¯’Z Zv‡K Dc-
cÖvšÍ‡Kw›`ªK ev G‡µv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡mvg e‡j| Dc-cÖvšÍ‡Kw›`ªK †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi GK evû A‡bK j¤^v Ges Aci evû ‡ek Lv‡Uv _v‡K| A¨vbv‡dR ch©v‡q
Gi AvK…wZ A‡bKUv Bs‡iwR ‘J’ A¶‡ii g‡Zv †`Lvq|
(iv)cÖvšÍ‡Kw›`ªK ev †U‡jv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡mvg (Telocentric) : †h †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †m‡›UªvwgqviwU G‡Kev‡i cÖvšÍfv‡M Aew¯’Z Zv‡K cÖvšÍ‡Kw›`ªK ev
†U‡jv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡mvg e‡j| cÖvšÍ‡Kw›`ªK †µv‡gv‡mvg‡K GK evû wewkó g‡b nq| A¨vbv‡dR ch©v‡q Gi AvK…wZ A‡bKUv Bs‡iwR ‘I’ A¶‡ii g‡Zv
ev GKwU `‡Ûi g‡Zv †`Lvq|
wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW (Nucleic Acid)
 wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW n‡jv bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ ¶viK, †c‡›UvR ky¨Mvi Ges dm‡dvwiK A¨vwmW‡K mgš^‡q MwVZ A¨vwmW hv Rx‡ei eskMwZi avivmn mKj
Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y K‡i|
wbDwK¬K A¨vwm‡Wi g~j Dcv`vb : wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW‡K nvB‡WªvjvBwm‡mi ci wbgœwjwLZ Dcv`vbmg~n cvIqv hvq|
‡c‡›UvR ky¨Mvi,
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ ¶viK,
dm‡dvwiK A¨vwmW|
‡c‡›UvR ky¨Mvi (Pentose) :
cuvP Kve©bwewkó ky¨Mvi (wPwb) †K ejv nq †c‡›UvR ky¨Mvi| wbDwK¬K A¨vwm‡W `y ai‡bi †c‡›UvR ky¨Mvi _v‡K| Gi GKwU ivB‡evR ky¨Mvi Ges Ab¨wU
wWAw·ivB‡evR ky¨Mvi|
RNA-†Z ivB‡evR ky¨Mvi Ges DNA-†Z wWAw·ivB‡evR ky¨Mvi _v‡K| †c‡›UvR ky¨Mvi dm‡dvwiK A¨vwm‡Wi mv‡_ A¨v÷vi MV‡b m¶g| wis
÷ªvKPviwewkó   D ivB‡evR A_ev   D wWAw·ivB‡evR wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW MVb K‡i|
ivB‡evR Ges wWAw·ivB‡evR ky¨Mvi cÖvq GKB iKg MVbwewkó, cv_©K¨ ïay GB †h, wWAw·ivB‡evR ky¨Mv‡ii 2bs Kve©‡b Aw·‡Rb Abycw¯’Z (wWAw·
= Aw·‡Rb Qvov)|
ivB‡evR ky¨Mvi w`‡q ivB‡evwbDwK¬K A¨vwmW (RNA) Ges wWAw·ivB‡evR ky¨Mvi w`‡q wWAw·ivB‡ev wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW (DNA) MwVZ nq|
bvB‡Uªv‡RbNwUZ ¶viK (Nitrogenous base) :
wbDwK¬K A¨vwm‡W `yB cÖKvi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ¶viK _v‡K| bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Kve©b, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I Aw·‡Rb w`‡q GB ¶viKmg~n MwVZ| ¶viK¸‡jv GK wis wewkó
ev `yB wis wewkó n‡Z cv‡i| GB wis Gi msL¨vi Ici wfwË K‡i ¶viK `yB cÖKvi; h_v-
(i) wcDwib Ges
(ii) cvBwiwgwWb|

DNA
 DNA AYy‡Z mgvb cwigvY A I T Ges C I G GB bxwZgvjv‡K ejv nq Chargaff’s rule. bvB‡UªvwRbvm ¶vi‡Ki A‡a©K n‡e wcDwib (A, G)
Ges A‡a©K n‡e cvBwiwgwWb (T, C)|

Watson I Crick cÖ`Ë Wej †nwj· g‡Wj Abyhvqx DNA AYy MVb wbgœiƒc
DNA AYy wØm~PK, web¨vm Nyiv‡bv (cu¨vPv‡bv) wmuwoi g‡Zv, hv‡K ejv nq Wvej †nwj·|
m~Î `yÕwU antiparallel A_©vr wecixZgyLx n‡q (GKwU 5 3 gyLx, AciwU 3 5 gyLx) mg`~i‡Z¡ cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z| gy³ 5 dm‡dU‡K ejv nq 5
cÖvšÍ Ges gy³ 3-OH MÖæc‡K ejv nq 3 cÖvšÍ| 3, 5 ky¨Mv‡ii Kve©b wb‡`©kK|
¶viK¸‡jv (A, T, G, C) ky¨Mv‡ii 1bs Kve©‡bi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K|
Wvej †nwj· Gi cÖwZwU N~Y©‡b (ev cu¨v‡P) 10 †Rvov wbDwK¬‡qvUvBW _v‡K| GQvov (cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z) wbDwK¬‡qvUvB‡Wi `~iZ¡ 0.34 nm, Kv‡RB Wej
†nwj· Gi cÖwZwU cu¨vP ev N~Y©‡bi `~iZ¡ 3.4 nm (100.34 nm)|
DNA Gi AvYyweK IRb 106  109 Gi g‡a¨|
DNA AYyi wØZ¡b ev cÖwZiƒc m„wó (Replication of DNA)
(ii) Aa©-msi¶Ykxj c×wZ : gvZ… DNA wØm~‡Îi GKwU m~Î bZzb m„wó nq, AciwU cyivZbB ‡_‡K hvq;

DNA AYyi cÖwZwjcb

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

†iwcø‡Kk‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb :

GKwU QuvP| ‡iwcø‡mv‡gi cÖavb GbRvBg n‡jv DNA cwjgv‡iR| G QvovI Av‡Q †nwj‡KR, cÖvB‡gR, wm½j ÷¨vÛ evBwÛs †cÖvwUb BZ¨vw`|

RNA
ivmvqwbK MVb : wbgœwjwLZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© wb‡q RNA MwVZ nq|
(i)cuvP Kve©bwewkó ivB‡evR ky¨Mvi (†c‡›UvR ky¨Mvi)|
(ii)bvB‡UªvwRbvm †em (¶viK) A¨vwWwbb, ¸qvwbb, BDivwmj Ges mvB‡Uvwmb|
(iii) dm‡dU (dm‡dvwiK A¨vwmW)|
(i)t-RNA (UªvÝdvi RNA) :
 †h me RNA †R‡bwUK †KvW Abyhvqx G‡KKwU A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW‡K mRNA AYy‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i †cÖvwUb ms‡k­ ‡l mvnvh¨ K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K UªvÝdvi
RNA e‡j|
 cÖwZwU †Kv‡l cÖvq 31-42 ai‡bi tRNA _v‡K| wbDwK¬qv‡mi wfZ‡i tRNA m„wó nq| cÖwZwU tRNA-†Z †gvUvgywU 90wU wbDwK¬‡qvUvBW _v‡K|
(ii) r-RNA (ivB‡ev‡mvgvj RNA) : ‡Kv‡li mg¯Í RNA- Gi kZKiv 80-90 fvMB rRNA| †Kv‡li ivB‡ev‡mv‡g G‡`i Ae¯’vb|
(iii) mRNA (†g‡mÄvi RNA) :
†h me RNA wR‡bi ms‡KZ Abyhvqx †cÖvwUb ms‡kø‡li QuvP wn‡m‡e Kvh©Ki n‡q wbw`©ó A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW Abyµg evQvB K‡i, †m¸‡jv‡K †g‡mÄvi RNA
ev evZ©ven RNA e‡j|
(iv) g-RNA (†R‡bwUK RNA) : †h me RNA wKQz fvBivm‡`‡n eskMwZ e¯‘ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡K †R‡bwUK RNA e‡j|
(v) gvBbi RNA : mvB‡UvcøvRgxq RNA I wbDK¬xq RNA bv‡g wKQz ¶z`ª RNA i‡q‡Q hviv †Kv‡l wewfbœ †cÖvwU‡bi mv‡_ wg‡k GbRvB‡gi KvVv‡gv
`vb K‡i|

UªvÝwµckb (Transcription)
DNA AYy‡Z MÖw_Z ivmvqwbK Z_¨¸‡jv‡K RNA (mRNA) AYy‡Z Kwc Kivi cÖwµqv‡K ejv nq UªvÝwµckb| DNA.†_‡K RNA Drcv`b cÖwµqvi
bvg n‡jv UªvÝwµckb|
UªvÝwµckb cÖwµqvi Rb¨ hv cÖ‡qvRb-
(i) DNA QuvP (template)
(ii) RNA cwjgv‡iR GbRvBg hv GKvwaK iKg n‡Z cv‡i
Uªv݇jkb
(Translation)
mnR K_vq mRNA †_‡K †cÖvwUb ˆZwi cÖwµqv n‡jv Uªv݇jkb| Uªv݇jkb n‡jv DNA Gi fvlv‡K mRNA Gi gva¨‡g †cÖvwU‡bi fvlvq Abyev` ev
iæcvšÍi Kiv|

wRb (Gene)
Avw` †Kv‡l wRb cÖKvk:
Avw` †Kv‡l (e.g. E. coli) wRb cÖKv‡ki BDwbU‡K ejv nq operon (A‡cib)| PviwU Ask wb‡q A‡cib MwVZ nq| Ask PviwU n‡jv 
(1) MvVwbK wRb (Structural gene) : hv GbRvBg ms‡kølY K‡i|
(2) ‡cÖv‡gvUvi wRb ev DÏxcK (Promoter gene) : †hLv‡b RNA-cwjgv‡iR GbRvBg mshy³ nq|
(3) Acv‡iUi wRb ev PvjK (Operator gene) : hv wVK K‡i MvVwbK wRb UªvݵvBe Ki‡e wKbv|
(4) ‡i¸‡jUi wRb ev wbqš¿K (Regulator gene) : hv Acv‡iUi wRb‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i|
†R‡bwUK †KvW (Genetic code):
GK ai‡bi †KvW Z_v †Mvcb ms‡K‡Zi gva¨‡g ‰ewk‡ó¨i GB ¯’vbvšÍi N‡U _v‡K| ˆewkó¨ ¯’vbvšÍiKvix GB †KvW‡K ejv nq †R‡bwUK †KvW|
UAA,UAG,UGA-stop codon
AUG-start codon
†Kvl imvqb
Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU (Carbohydrates) ev kK©iv
ÔnvB‡WªUm Ae Kve©bÕ †_‡K Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU bvgKiY n‡q‡Q| Gi A_© `uvovq ÔKve©‡bi RjvqbÕ A_©vr GK AYy cvwbi mv‡_ GK AYy Kve©Y
( CH 2 O ) GB Abycv‡Z MwVZ wewfbœ cÖKvi †hŠM|
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU-Gi ‡kªwYwefvM
¯^v‡`i Ici wfwË K‡i Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU `yÕ cÖKvi|
ky¨Mvi : Giv wgwó, `vbv`vi Ges cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq, †hgb-Møy‡KvR, d«z‡±vR, myK‡ivR BZ¨vw`;
bb- ky¨Mvi : Giv wgwó bq, A`vbv`vi Ges cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq, †hgb-÷vP©, †mjy‡jvR, MøvB‡Kv‡Rb BZ¨vw`|
MVb AYyi wfwˇZ Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU‡K cÖavbZ Pvi †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv nq| G¸‡jv n‡jv-
 g‡bvm¨vKvivBW (Monosaccharides);
 WvBm¨vKvivBW (Disaccharides);
 Awj‡Mvm¨vKvivBW (Oligosaccharides) Ges
 cwjm¨vKvivBW (Polysaccharides)|
g‡bvm¨vKvivBW
(i) Uªv‡qvR (triose) : wMømvi¨vjwWnvBW Ges WvBnvB‡Wªvw· A¨vw·‡Uvb n‡jv `ywU mij Uªv‡qvR|
(ii)‡U‡UªvR (tetrose) : | Bwi‡_ªvR (erythrose) n‡jv GKwU †U‡UªvR| Dw™¢‡` AwaKvsk †¶‡Î GwU Gwi‡_ªvR-4 dm‡dU wn‡m‡e weivR K‡i|
(iii) ‡c‡›UvR (pentose) : RvB‡jvR, ivB‡evR, wWAw·ivB‡evR, ivBey‡jvR BZ¨vw` n‡jv †c‡›UvR ky¨Mvi Gi D`vniY|
‡n‡·vR (hexose) : Møy‡KvR, d«z‡±vR, g¨v‡bvR, M¨vjv‡±vR n‡jv cÖavb cÖavb †n‡·vR|

WvBm¨vKvivBW (Disaccharide)
`ywU g‡bvm¨vKvivBW GK‡Î hy³ n‡q †h Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU MVb K‡i Zv‡K WvBm¨vKvivBW e‡j| myK‡ivR, †m‡jvev‡qvR, g¨vj‡UvR, j¨v‡±vR BZ¨vw` n‡jv
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ WvBm¨vKvivBW|
(i) myK‡ivR : Møy‡KvR Ges d«‡±vR DfqB wiwWDwms ky¨Mvi, wKš‘ myK‡ivR wiwWDwms ky¨Mvi bq|
(ii) Awj‡Mvm¨vKvivBW (Oligosaccharides) : †h me Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU‡K nvB‡WªvjvBwmm Ki‡j 3 †_‡K 10wU g‡bvm¨vKvivBW AYy cvIqv hvq Zv‡`i‡K
Awj‡Mvm¨vKvivBW e‡j|

cwjm¨vKvivBW (Polysaccharides)
 †h Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU‡K Av`©ª we‡kølY Ki‡j A‡bK¸‡jv (`‡ki AwaK) g‡bvm¨vKvivBW AYy cvIqv hvq Zv‡K cwjm¨vKvivBW e‡j| ÷vP©, †mjy‡jvR,
MøvB‡Kv‡Rb BZ¨vw` n‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwjm¨vKvivBW|
(i) ÷vP© (Starch) : Dw™¢‡` ÷vP© (†k¦Zmvi) mwÂZ c`v_©iƒ‡c weivR K‡i| avb, Mg, Avjy, ÷v‡P©i cÖavb Drm|
(ii) ‡mjy‡jvR (Cellulose) : †mjy‡jvR Dw™¢‡`i GKwU cÖavb MvV‡bK c`v_©| Dw™¢‡`i †KvlcÖvPxi †mjy‡jvR w`‡q MwVZ|
(iii) MøvB‡Kv‡Rb (Glycogen) : MøvB‡Kv‡Rb n‡jv GKwU cywóRvZ cwjm¨vKvivBW| GwU cÖvYx‡`‡ni cÖavb mwÂZ Lv`¨ Dcv`vb n‡jI
mvqv‡bve¨vK‡Uwiqv (bxjvf meyR ˆkevj) I KwZcq QÎv‡Ki (Có) mwÂZ Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e weivR K‡i| MøvB‡Kv‡R‡bi g~j MvVwbK GKK n‡jv   D -Møy‡KvR|

wjwcW-Gi ˆewkó¨
dm‡dvwjwcW (Phospholipids) :
 wMømv‡ivj, d¨vwU A¨vwmW I dm‡d‡Ui mgš^‡q MwVZ wjwcW‡K ejv nq dm‡dvwjwcW| †jwmw_b (lecithin), †mdvwjb (cephaline), cøvRgv‡jv‡Rb
(plasmalogen) BZ¨vw` K‡qKwU dm‡dvwjwcwWi bvg|
MøvB‡KvwjwcW (Glycolipids) :
mij wjwc‡Wi mv‡_ hLb Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU hy³ _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡K MøvB‡KvwjwcW e‡j| G‡Z dm‡d‡Ui cwie‡Z© M¨vjvK‡UvR ev Møy‡KvR _v‡K|

A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW (Amino Acids):

wek cÖKvi A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW wewfbœfv‡e mgw¤^Z I mw¾Z n‡q wewfbœ iKg †cÖvwUb ˆZix K‡i|
A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwm‡Wi †kªwYwefvM
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

Dw™¢` I cÖvYx †`n wg‡j me©‡gvU 28wUi g‡Zv A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv‡K †gvUvgywU 3wU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-
(1) A¨vwjd¨vwUK A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW,
(2) A¨v‡iv‡gwUK A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW,
(3) †n‡U‡ivmvBwK¬K A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW| †cÖvwU‡b nvB‡Wªw·‡cÖvwc‡bi Dcw¯’wZ LyeB mxwgZ| GwU weij A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW|

Av¨vwg‡bv GwmW

A¨vwj‡dwUK A¨v‡iv‡gwUK A¨vwmwWK ‡ewmK (¶vixq) mvjdvi ‡m‡KÛvix

1| MøvBwmb 1| wdbvBj A¨vjvwbb 1| A¨v¯úviwUK 1| wnw÷wWb 1| wmw÷b 1| ‡cÖvwjb
2| A¨vjvwbb 2| UvB‡ivwmb 2| MøyUvwmK 2| AvwR©wbb 2| wgw_Iwbb 2| nvBWªw· †cÖvwjb
3| f¨vwjb 3| wUª‡Þvd¨vb 3| jvBwmb
4| wjDwmb 4| nvBWªw·jvBwmb
5| wmwib
6| w_ªIwbb
7| AvB‡mvwjDwmb

‡cÖvm‡_wUK MÖæc : †Kv-d¨v±i, †Kv-GbRvBg

 me GbRvBgB †cÖvwUb| ‡h GbRvBg ïay †cªvwUb w`‡q MwVZ Zv‡K ejv nq mij GbRvBg (simple enzyme) |
 ‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv GbRvB‡g †cÖvwUb As‡ki mv‡_ GKwU A‡cÖvwUb Ask mshy³ _v‡K| G ai‡bi GbRvBg‡K (Z_v †cÖvwUb‡K) ejv nq KbRy‡M‡UW
†cÖvwUb (conjugated proteins) |
 KbRy‡M‡UW †cÖvwUb Gi †cÖvwUb Ask‡K A¨v‡cvGbRvBg (apoenzyme) e‡j|
 KbRy‡M‡UW †cÖvwU‡bi A‡cÖvwUb Ask‡K †cÖvm‡_wUK MÖyc e‡j|
 ‡cÖvm‡_wUK MÖyc †Kv‡bv †gUvj (metal) n‡j Zv‡K †Kv-d¨v±i (co-factor) ejv nq| c~‡e© G‡K A¨vw±‡fUi ejv n‡Zv, †hgb-
Fe 2 , Mg 2 , Zn 2
†Kv-GbRvBg:GbRvB‡gi †cÖvm‡_wUK MÖæcwU †Kv‡bv ˆReivmvqwbK c`v_© n‡j (organic compound) Zv‡K †Kv-GbRvBg (co-enzyme)
ejv nq; ‡hgb- FAD, NAD BZ¨vw`|

GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZvi cÖfvemg~n

ZvcgvÎv :
 40 o †m.wg. Gi Dc‡i Ges 0o ‡m. ev Zvi wb‡Pi ZvcgvÎvq GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv `viæYfv‡e K‡g hvq|
 35o C  40 o C ZvcgvÎvq GbRvB‡gi wewµqvi nvi me‡P‡q †ewk| ZvB GB ZvcgvÎv‡K cig ZvcgvÎv (optimum temperature) ejv nq|
cvwb :
 †Kv‡l cwiwgZ cvwbi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv ¯^vfvweK _v‡K| ïK‡bv ex‡R cvwb bv _vKvq GbRvBg wbw¯Œq _v‡K|
avZz :
 
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv avZzi (†hgb- Mg , Mn ) Dcw¯’wZ GbRvB‡gi Kvh©¶gZv evwo‡q †`q| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv avZzi (†hgb- Ag, Zn, Cu) Dcw¯’wZ
GbRvB‡gi Kg©¶gZv Kwg‡q w`‡Z cv‡i|

†Kvl
wefvRb
Walter Flemming 1882 wL÷v‡ã mvgyw`ªK mvjvgvÛvi (Triturus maculosa) †Kv‡l cÖ_g †Kvl wefvRb j¶ K‡ib|
†Kvl wefvR‡bi cÖKvi : Rxe RM‡Z wZb cÖKvi †Kvl wefvRb †`Lv hvq| h_v :
 A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm (Amitosis) ev cÖZ¨¶ †Kvl wefvRb,
 gvB‡Uvwmm (Mitosis) ev mgxKiwYK †Kvl wefvRb Ges
 gv‡qvwmm (Meiosis) ev n«vmgyjK †Kvl wefvRb|
A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm ev cÖZ¨¶ †Kvl wefvRb:

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
†h ‡Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq GKwU gvZ…‡Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm I mvB‡UvcøvRg †Kv‡bv RwUj gva¨wgK ch©vq QvovB mivmwi wef³ n‡q `ywU AcZ¨ (wkï) ‡Kv‡li
m„wó K‡i Zv‡K A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm ev cÖZ¨¶ †Kvl wefvRb e‡j|
e¨vK‡Uwiqv, KZK C÷, A¨vwgev cÖf„wZ GK‡Kvlx Rx‡e, we‡kl K‡i Avw`‡Kvlx Rx‡e G cÖKvi †Kvl wefvRb †`Lv hvq|
gvB‡Uvwmm ev mgxKiwYK †Kvl wefvRb:
 wbDwK¬qv‡mi wefvRb‡K ejv nq K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm (karyokinesis) Ges mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wefvRb‡K ejv nq mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm (cytokinesis)|
†h †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq GKwU cÖK…Z †Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm I †µv‡gv‡mvg DfqB GKevi K‡i wef³ nq Zv-B gvB‡Uvwmm †Kvl wefvRb| wbDwK¬qv‡mi
Giæc wefvRb cª_g †`L‡Z cvb køvBLvi Ges bvg †`b K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm|
c‡i Iqvëvi †d¬wgs (Walter Flemming, 1882) G cÖKvi c~Y© wefvRb‡K gvB‡Uvwmm bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡ib|
gvB‡Uvwm‡mi ˆewkó¨ : gvB‡Uvwmm cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡`i wefvRb ¶gZvm¤úbœ ˆ`wnK †Kv‡l N‡U _v‡K|
†KvlPµ (Cell Cycle):
GKwU †Kvl m„wó, Gi e„w× Ges cieZx©‡Z wefvRb G wZbwU KvR †h P‡µi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K ejv †KvlPµ (Cell Cycle)|
 nvIqvW© I †cé (Howard & Pelc, 1953) GB †KvlP‡µi cÖ¯vÍe K‡ib|
 B›Uvi‡dR (Interphase) :
B›Uvi‡dR Ae¯’vq †Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm‡K ejv nq wecvKxq wbDwK¬qvm| B›Uvi‡dR †K mvaviYZ 3wU Dc-ch©v‡q fvM Kiv nq; h_v- GI, S Ges G2|
Uv‡M©U †Kv‡li (†h †Kvl wefvRb n‡e) mv‡d©‡m we‡kl wi‡mÞi †cÖvwU‡bi mv‡_ †MÖv_ d¨v±i mshy³ n‡q †KvlPµ ïiæ Kivi wb‡`©k `vb K‡i|
(ii) S-‡dR (wmb‡_wmm = S) : GB Dcch©v‡qi cÖavb KvR n‡jv wbDwK¬qv‡m †µv‡gv‡mvg¯’ DNA m~‡Îi cÖwZwjcb|
‡cÖv‡dR (Prophase) ev Av`¨ch©vq:
GB ch©v‡q †Kv‡li wbDwK¬qvm AvKv‡i eo nq| wbDwK¬qvm, we‡kl K‡i †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv‡Z Rj we‡qvRb (dehydration) Avi¤¢ nq| µgvMZ Rj
we‡qvR‡bi d‡j †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv msKzwPZ n‡Z _v‡K, d‡j µgvMZ Lv‡Uv I †gvUv nq Ges ¯úó n‡Z ¯úóZifv‡e `„wó‡MvPi nq|
G ch©v‡q †k‡li w`‡K wbDwK¬‡qvjvm Ges wbDwK¬qvi †gg‡eªb Gi wejywß N‡U|
‡cÖv-‡gUv‡dR (Pro-metaphase) ev cÖvK-ga¨ch©vq:
†cÖv‡d‡Ri G‡Kev‡i †klw`‡K Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l KZ¸‡jv Zš‘gq †cÖvwU‡bi mgš^‡q `yÕ‡giæhy³ w¯úÛj h‡š¿i (spindle apparatus) m„wó nq|
 w¯úÛj h‡š¿i `yÕ‡giæi ga¨eZx© ¯’vb‡K BKz‡qUi ev welyexq AÂj ejv nq| w¯úÛj h‡š¿i Zš‘¸‡jv GK †giæ n‡Z Aci †giæ ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| G‡`i‡K
w¯úÛj dvBevi (spindle fibre) ejv nq|
 †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †m‡›Uªvwgqvi mshy³Kvix Zš‘‡K UªvKkb dvBevi ejv nq|
†µv‡gv‡mv‡g b„Z¨ †`Lv hvq|
‡gUv‡dR (Metaphase) ev ga¨ch©vq:
w¯úÛj h‡š¿i welyexq A‡j †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi web¨¯Í nIqv‡K †gUvKvB‡bwmm e‡j| †gUv‡dR ch©v‡qi †kl fv‡M cÖwZwU †m‡›Uªvwgqvi m¤ú~Y© wef³ n‡q `ywU
AcZ¨ †m‡›Uªvwgqvi m„wó K‡i| µv‡gv‡mv‡g¸‡jv me‡P‡q †gvUv I Lv‡Uv †`Lvq|
A¨vbv‡dR (Anaphase) ev MwZch©vq:
G ch©v‡q AcZ¨ †µv‡gv‡mvgmg~n welyexq AÂj †_‡K †giægyLx Pj‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
†m‡›Uªvwgqv‡ii Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv V (†gUv‡mw›UªK) L (mve‡gUv‡mw›UªK), J (A¨v‡µv‡mw›UªK) ev I (†U‡jv‡mw›UªK) Gi g‡Zv †`Lvq|
‡Uv‡jv‡dR (Telophase) ev AšÍch©vq: G ch©v‡q †µv‡gv‡mvg¸‡jv‡Z Avevi Rj‡hvRb (hydration) N‡U|
Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwmm
 †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K wewfbœ d¨v±i Øviv gvB‡Uvwmm wbqwš¿Z nq| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y GB wbqš¿Y AKvh©Ki n‡j Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwmm N‡U _v‡K, d‡j
wUDgvi K¨vÝvi m„wó nq|

gv‡qvwmm ev n«vmg~jK †Kvl wefvRb

†h †Kvl wefvRb cÖwµqvq bZzb m„ó †Kv‡li †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v gvZ…‡Kv‡li †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨vi A‡a©K n‡q hvq Zv-B gv‡qvwmm|
Avwe®‹vi I bvgKiY : 1905 m‡b dvg©vi (J. B. Farmer) I gyi (J. E. Moore) me©cÖ_g n«vmg~jK wefvRb‡K Meiosis (wg‡qvwmm) e‡jb|
†Kv_vq nq : wbgœ‡kªwYi Rx‡e (n¨vcø‡qW) gv‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡Ki ci RvB‡Mv‡U, Avi D”P‡kªwYi Rx‡e (wWcø‡qW) gv‡qvwmm nq wb‡l‡Ki c~‡e© Rb gvZ…‡Kvl
n‡Z M¨vwgU m„wóKv‡j|

‡cÖv‡dR-1 Gi Dc-ch©vq¸‡jv wbgœiƒc

†j‡ÞvwUb:-

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
wbDwK¬qv‡mi Rjwe‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡gB ïiæ nq †j‡ÞvwUb Dc-ch©vq|DNA Abyi Abywjcb nq|
†µv‡gv‡mvg‡K dz‡ji †Zvovi gZ †`Lv hvq,†µv‡gv‡mv‡gi G cÖKvi web¨vm‡K †cvjvivBRW web¨vm e‡j|
RvB‡MvwUb:-
G Dc-ch©v‡q †nv‡gv‡jvMvm †µv‡gv‡mvg GKwU ‡Rvovi m„wó K‡i|
`ywU †nv‡gv‡jvMvm †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi g‡a¨ †Rvov m„wó nIqv‡K wmb¨vcwmm (synapsis) e‡j|
cÖwZwU †Rvoveuvav †µv‡gv‡mvg †Rvov‡K evB‡f‡j›U (bivalent) e‡j|
c¨vKvBwUb (Pachytene ):-
G ch©v‡q me©cÖ_g evB‡f‡j‡›Ui cÖwZwU †µv‡gv‡mvg‡K †m‡›Uªvwgqvi e¨ZxZ Aby‰`‡N©¨ `ywU †µvgvwU‡W wef³ †`Lv hvq| A_©vr cÖwZ evB‡f‡j‡›U `ywU
†m‡›Uªvwgqvi Ges PviwU †µvgvwUW _v‡K| G Ae¯’v‡K †UUªvW e‡j| `ywU †UUªVi wg‡j Kv‡qRgv m„wó K‡i|
`ywU bb-wm÷vi †µvgvwU‡Wi ‘X’ AvK…wZi ‡Rvov ¯’j‡K GKeP‡b KvqvRgv (Gk. Chiasma = cross) Ges eûeP‡b KvqvRgvUv e‡j|
bb-wm÷vi †µvgvwU‡Wi g‡a¨ ci¯úi As‡ki wewbgq‡K µwms Ifvi ev µm Ifvi e‡j|
wW‡cøvwUb (Diplotene) :
 weKl©‡Yi d‡j `ywU KvqvRgvUvi ga¨eZx© As‡k jy‡ci (loop) m„wó nq|
KvqvRgvUv¸‡jv ¯úó nq Ges µgvš^‡q cÖv‡šÍi w`‡K m‡i †h‡Z _v‡K|
 d‡j cvkvcvwk jyc 900 †KvY K‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i| GKwU gvÎ KvqvRgv _vK‡j GwU 180 n‡Z cv‡i|
WvqvKvB‡bwmm (Diakinesis) :
Dc-ch©v‡qi †kl w`‡K wbDwK¬‡qvjvm A`„k¨ n‡q hvq Gs wbDwK¬qvi Gb‡fjc Gi Aejywß N‡U|

AYyRxe

fvBiv
fvBivm n‡jv wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW I †cÖvwUb w`‡q MwVZ †ivMm„wóKvix AwZ AvYymex¶wYK e¯‘|
fvBivm n‡jv wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW (†K‡›`ª) I †cÖvwUb (AveiY) w`‡q MwVZ AwZ AvYyex¶wYK e¯‘ hv Rxe‡`‡ni Af¨šÍ‡i mwµq n‡q †ivM m„wó K‡i wKš‘
Rxe‡`‡ni evB‡i wbw¯Œq Ae¯’vq weivR K‡i|
Avwe®‹vi :
me©cÖ_g Avwe®‹Z fvBivm n‡jv †Uvev‡Kv †gvRvBK fvBivm A_©vr TMV. nj¨v‡Ûi weÁvbx Adolf Mayer 1886 mv‡j ZvgvK Mv‡Qi cvZvi †Qvc †Qvc
`vMwewkó †ivM‡K †Uvev‡Kv †gvRvBK †ivM wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡ib|
ivwkqvb weÁvbx w`wgwÎ AvBf¨v‡bvfmwK (Dmitri Iwanowsky = Dimitri Ivanovski) cÖgvY K‡ib †h, †ivMvµvšÍ ZvgvK cvZvi im
e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡ivaK wdëvi w`‡q wdëvi Kivi ciI my¯’ ZvgvK Mv‡Q †ivM m„wó Ki‡Z m¶g|
W. M. Stanley TMV †K c„_K K‡i †KjvwmZ K‡ib| 1936 mv‡j weÁvbx F. C. Bawden Ges N. W. Pirie e‡jb †h, TMV wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW
Ges †cÖvwUb w`‡q MwVZ|
AvqZb (Size) :
fvBivm mvaviYZ 12 nm (†hgb-‡cvwjI fvBivm) n‡Z 300 nm (†hgb-Zvgv‡Ki †gvRvBK fvBivm) ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K|

(i) DNA fvBivm : †h fvBiv‡m wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW wn‡m‡e DNA _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K DNA fvBivm ejv nq| D`vniY- T2 fvBivm, f¨vKwmwbqv, f¨vwiIjv,
TIV (Tipula Iridiscent Virus) GwW‡bvnvwc©m wmg‡cø· BZ¨vw` fvBivm| Parvoviridae †Mv‡Îi fvBivm DNA GKm~ÎK|
(ii) RNA fvBivm : †h fvBiv‡m wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW wn‡m‡e RNA _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K RNA fvBivm ejv nq| D`vniY- TMV, HIV, †W½y, †cvwjI,
gv¤úm, †iweb BZ¨vw` fvBivm| Reoviridae †Mv‡Îi fvBiv‡mi RNA wØm~ÎK|
wfwiqb (Virion) :
wbDwK¬K A¨vwmW I G‡K wN‡i Aew¯’Z K¨vcwmW mgš^‡q MwVZ GK GKwU msµgY¶g m¤ú~Y© fvBivm KYv‡K wfwiqb e‡j| msµgY ¶gZvwenxb
fvBivm‡K ejv nq wbDwK¬‡qvK¨vcwmW|
wfi‡qW (Viroids) :
wfi‡qW n‡jv msµvgK RNA, Theodore Diener (US GwMÖKvjPvi wWcvU©‡g›U) 1971 mv‡j wfi‡qW c„_K K‡ib| wfi‡qW n‡jv GK m~ÎK
e„ËvKvi RNA AYy hv K‡qK kZ wbDwK¬‡qvUvBW wb‡q MwVZ Ges ¶y`ªZg fvBivm †_‡KI eû¸‡Y ¶z`ª|
wcÖqbm (Prions) :
msµvgK †cÖvwUb dvBweªj n‡jv wcÖqb| †fov I QvM‡ji Scrapie †ivM wcÖqb w`‡q n‡q _v‡K| eûj Av‡jvwPZ Ôg¨vW KvDÕ †ivM m„wói mv‡_ wcÖq‡bi
m¤ú„³Zv cvIqv hvq|
‡Uvev‡Kv †gvRvBK fvBivm ev TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) :
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
TMV Gi ˆ`N©¨ 280 nm (Kv‡iv g‡Z 300 nm) Ges cÖ¯’ 15 nm (Kv‡iv g‡Z 18 nm) |
RNA m~ÎwU 6500 wbDwK¬‡qvUvBW Øviv MwVZ|
‡gvUv IR‡bi 95 fvM †cÖvwUb|
T2-phage-`ywU As‡k wef³,gv_v I ‡jR gv_vq wØ m~ÎK DNA _v‡K, DNA †Z 150wU wRb _v‡K|

jvB‡mv‡RwbK Pµ (Lysogenic cycle)

GB P‡µ dvh DNA E. coli †Kv‡l cÖ‡ek K‡i †Kv‡li DNA †K bó K‡i bv, eis E. coli- Gi DNA Gi mv‡_ mshy³ n‡q hvq|
fvBiv‡mi AcKvwiZv :-
 fvBivm gvby‡li emšÍ nvg, †cvwjI, RjvZ¼, Bbd¬z‡qÄv, nvwc©m, †W½y, fvBivj †ncvUvBwUm cÖf„wZ gvivZ¥K †ivM m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
 eûj Av‡jvwPZ ÔGBWmÕ †iv‡Mi KviY wn‡m‡eI weÁvwbMY fvBivm‡K `vqx K‡i‡Qb| HIV w`‡q AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome ev Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) †ivM nq|
 Ebiola fvBivm : Avwd«Kvi Rvqvi-G Ebiola Virus-Gi Avµg‡Y gnvgvix ‡`Lv †`q| Ebiola fvBiv‡mi Avµg‡Y †`‡ni †Kvl †d‡U hvq|
 m¤cÖwZ SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) fvBiv‡mi Kvi‡b Pxb, ZvBIqvb, KvbvWv cÖf„wZ †`‡k eû †jv‡Ki g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q|
 ‡mvqvBb d¬z- Swine Influenza virus (SIV) Gi Øviv m„wó nq| Bbd¬y‡qÄv fvBiv‡mi Sybtype H5N1 I H1N1 Gi Kvi‡Y GB d¬z N‡U _v‡K|
fvBivmNwUZ †ivM:-
fvBivj †ncvUvBwUm (Viral Hepatitis) : mvaviYZ wjfvi cÖ`vn‡K †ncvUvBwUm ejv nq| fvBivm Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡q wjfvi cÖ`vn n‡j Zv‡K fvBivj
†ncvUvBwUm ev ms‡¶‡c †ncvUvBwUm ejv nq|
‡W½y (Dangue) :
‡iv‡Mi KviY : ‡W½y (cÖK…Z D”PviY †W½x) †KwU fvBivmNwUZ †ivM| GB fvBiv‡mi evnK n‡jv Aedes aegypti L. bvgK gkKx (¯¿x gkv) Avi Gi
†cvkvK †`n n‡jv gvbyl|
‡iv‡Mi j¶Y : †giæ`‡Ûi e¨_vmn †Kvg‡i e¨_v GB †iv‡Mi we‡kl j¶Y|
‡cu‡ci wis¯úU †ivM : (Ringspot disease of Papaya) fvBivmwU mvaviYfv‡e Papaya ringspot virus ev PRSV bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU GKwU
RNA fvBivm|
e¨vK‡Uwiqv

E¨vK‡Uwiqv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib wjD‡qb ûK Ges bvg Kib K‡ib Animal cute
Rvg©vwb weÁvbx G‡ibevM© (C. G. Fhrenberg) 1829 wLª÷v‡ã e¨vK‡Uwiqv bvgKiY K‡ib;
divwm weÁvbx jyB cv¯‘i (Louis Pasteur-1822-1895) e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Ici e¨vcK M‡elYv Ges e¨vK‡Uwiqv ZË¡‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡ib|
e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡jv Ro †KvlcÖvPxi wewkó GK‡Kvlx Avw`‡Kw›`ªK AYyRxe|
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi we¯Í…wZ I Avevm¯’j : gvby‡li A‡š¿ I e¨vK‡Uwiqv evm K‡i| ˆRe c`v_© mg„× Avevw` gvwU‡Z e¨vK‡Uwiqvi msL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk|

e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †kªwYwefvM

 AvK…wZMZ †kªwYwefvM :
K°vm (Coccus) : †h me e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡li AvK…wZ cÖvq †MvjvKvi Zv‡`i‡K K°vm e‡j| K°vm‡K Avevi cuvPfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-
1.gvB‡µvK°vm (Micrococcus) : †hme e¨vK‡Uwiqv †MvjvKvi Ges GKv GKv _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K gvB‡µvK°vm e‡j|
D`vniY : Micrococcus denitrificans.
2.wW‡cøvK°vm (Diplococcus) : †`L‡Z †MvjvKvi Ges G e¨vK‡Uwiqvmg~n †Rvovq †Rvovq _v‡K| D`vniY : Diplococcus pneumoniae.
3.‡÷ªc‡UvK°vm (Streptococcus) : Giv †`L‡Z †MvjvKvi Ges ‡PBb (chain) Gi g‡Zv mvRv‡bv _v‡K| D`vniY : Streptococcus lactis.
4.÷¨vdvB‡jvK°vm (Staphylococcus) : G¸‡jv †MvjvK…wZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Ges AwbqwgZ ¸”QvKv‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K| D`vniY : Staphylococcus
aureus.
5.mviwmbv (Sarcina) : G¸‡jv †`L‡Z †MvjvKvi| G‡`i wbw`©ó msL¨K †Kvl wbqwgZfv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K| D`vniY : Sarcina lutea.

GKwU Av`k© e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡gi MVb

‡KvlcÖvPxi :
cÖwZwU e¨vK‡Uwiqvg †Kvl‡K wN‡i GKwU Ro †Kvl cÖvPxi _v‡K| †Kvl cÖvPx‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb †ccwU‡WvMøvBKvb| †ccwU‡WvMøvBKb GKwU Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU
cwjgvi|
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
MÖvg cwRwUwf e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z †ccwU‡WvMøvBKb ¯ÍiwU †ek cyiæ _v‡K hv wµ÷vj fv‡qv‡jU is a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i|
 MÖvg †b‡MwUf e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z †ccwU‡WvMøvBKvb ¯ÍiwU cvZjv _v‡K Ges Gi Dci dm‡dvwjwcW ev wj‡cvcwj‡mKvivBW Gi GKwU cvZjv ¯Íi _v‡K|
GRb¨ Giv fv‡qv‡jU is a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv|
d¬¨v‡Rjv :d¬¨v‡Rjv QvovI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z Lv‡Uv I k³ wdgweª ev wcwj (Pili) _v‡K| wcwj, wcwjb (Pilin) bvgK GK cÖKvi †cÖvwUb w`‡q
‰Zix|
‡g‡mv‡mvg : e¨vK‡Uiqv †Kv‡li cøvRgv‡gg‡eªb KL‡bv KL‡bv †fZ‡ii w`‡K fuvR n‡q †g‡mv‡gvg MVb K‡i| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z †g‡mv‡mvg †Kvl wefvR‡b
mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K|
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi DcKvwiZv

wPwKrmv †¶‡Î
A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK Ilya ˆZix‡Z : e¨vK‡Uwiqv n‡Z mvewUwjb (Bacillus subtilis n‡Z), cwjwgw·b (Bacillus polymyxa n‡Z) cÖf„wZ ¸iæZ¡cyY©
A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK Ilya cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq|
 bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mse܇b : Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Clostridium cÖf„wZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv mivmwi evqy n‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb MÖnY K‡i
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb †hŠM c`v_© wn‡m‡e gvwU‡Z ¯’vcb K‡i, d‡j gvwUi De©iZv e„w× cvq| Rhizobium e¨vK‡Uwiqv wkg RvZxq Dw™¢‡`i g~‡ji bwWD‡j bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
mseÜb K‡i _v‡K|
 cZ½bvkK wn‡m‡e : KwZcq e¨vK‡Uwiqv (†hgb-Bacillus thuringiensis) wewfbœ cÖKvi cZ½ wbqš¿‡Y e¨envi Kiv nq|
 cvU wk‡í : e¨vK‡Uwiqvi cPbwµqvi d‡jB cv‡Ui Auvk¸‡jv c„_K n‡q hvq Ges Avgiv cv‡Ui Avuk †c‡q _vwK| Kv‡RB Avgv‡`i A_©bx‡Z‡Z
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi f~wgKv Zzjbvnxb| G e¨vcv‡i Clostridium Gi f~wgKv h‡_ó|
e¨vK‡Uwiqvi
AcKvwiZv
gvby‡li †ivM m„wó :
gvby‡li h²v (Mycobacterium tuberculosis w`‡q), wbD‡gvwbqv (Diplococcus pneumoniae w`‡q),
UvBd‡qW (Salmonella typhosa w`‡q), K‡jiv (Vibrio cholerae w`‡q),
wWc‡_wiqv (Corynebacterium diptheriae w`‡q), Avgvkq (Bacillus dysenteri w`‡q),
aby÷sKvi ev wU‡Ubvm (Clostridium tetani w`‡q, ûwcsKvwk (Bordetalla pertussis w`‡q) BZ¨vw` e¨vK‡UwiqvNwUZ †ivM|
e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM
eøvBU (Blight) : Mv‡Qi dzj, cvZv I Kv‡Ûi wUmy¨i ¶qcÖvwß nIqv‡K eøvBU ejv nq| GLv‡b avb Mv‡Qi eøvBU †ivM wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
‡ivMRxevYy (Pathogan/Causal organism) : avb Mv‡Qi e¨vK‡Uwiq¨vj eøvBU bvgK †ivM m„wóKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqvi bvg Xanthomonas oryzae
pv.
K‡jiv : (Cholera)
‡ivMRxevYy : Vibrio cholerae bvgK e¨vK‡Uwiqv| Gi GKcÖv‡šÍ GKwU d¬¨v‡Rjvg _v‡K| K‡jiv e¨vK‡Uwiqv GKwU gvÎ †b‡MwUf e¨vK‡Uwiqv|
Gb_ªv·ª †ivM nq Bacillus,Anthracis e¨vK‡Uwiqv w`‡q|

g¨v‡jwiqv ciRxex

g¨v‡jwiqvi ciRxexi wewfbœ cÖRvwZ I R¡‡ii bvg

‡gvU Avwe®‹Z cÖRvwZ cÖvq 60wU| gvÎ 4wU cÖRvwZ gvbe‡`‡n G †ivM m„wó K‡i|
‡jvwnZ KwYKvi Af¨šÍ‡i ciRxexi
g¨v‡jwiqv ciRxexi bvg ‡iv‡Mi bvg
cwiùzUb Kvj
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Plasmodium vivax webvBb Uviwkqvb g¨v‡jwiqv 48 N›Uv
Plasmodium ovale g„`y Uviwkqvb g¨v‡jwiqv 48 N›Uv
Plasmodium falciparum g¨vwjM‡b›U Uviwkqvb g¨v‡jwiqv 36-48 N›Uv
Plasmodium malariae ‡KvqviUvb g¨v‡jwiqv 72 N›Uv
‡ivM j¶Y : 48 N›Uv ci ci Kuvcywb w`‡q R¡i AvmvB P. vivax RxevYy Øviv m„ó g¨v‡jwiqvi cªavb j¶Y|

g¨v‡jwiqv ciRxexi RxebPµ

g¨v‡jwiqv ciRxexi RxebPµ

gvbe‡`n gkKx‡`n
(mvB‡RvMwb ev A‡hŠb Pµ) (†hŠb I A‡hŠb Pµ)

‡ncwUK mvB‡RvMwb Gwi‡_ªvmvBwUK mvB‡RvMwb

(hK…‡Zi †fZ‡i) (†jvwnZ KwYKvi †fZ‡i)

wcÖ-Gwi‡_ªvmvBwUK G‡·v Gwi‡_ªvmvBwUK †cvó- Gwi‡_ªvmvBwUK

(hK…‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki ci cÖ_g (c~e© n‡Z †jvwnZ KwYKvq (†jvwnZ KwYKvq mvB‡RvMwb
A‡hŠb Rbb) cÖ‡e‡ki c~e© ch©šÍ) †k‡m cybivq hK…‡Z wd‡i A‡hŠb
cÖRbb)

M¨v‡gvMwb †¯úv‡ivMwb
(µ‡ci †fZi †hŠb cÖRbb) (µ‡ci ewntcÖvPx‡i A‡hŠb cÖRbb)

gvbe‡`‡n RxebPµ

 gkKxi jvjvMÖwš’ n‡Z `sk‡bi d‡j Plasmodium Gi †¯úv‡ivR‡qU bvgK `kvq gvbe‡`‡ni hK…‡Z †cŠQvq|
 ‡¯ú‡ivR‡qU Lv`¨ mÂq K‡i wµ‡ÞvR‡q‡U cwiYZ nq, c‡i wµ‡ÞvR‡qU eû wef³ n‡q eûwbDwK¬qvm mshy³ mvBR‡›U cwiYZ nq|
 mvBR›U n‡Z eû wK‡Þv‡g‡ivR‡qU Drcbœ nq| hv cybivq eû wef³ n‡q eû wbDwK¬qvm mshy³ n‡q cybivq mvBR›U MVb K‡i| GB †¶‡Î mvBR›U
n‡Z eû msL¨K †gUvwµ‡Þv‡g‡ivR‡qU Drcbœ nq|
 ‡gUvwµ‡Þv †g‡ivR‡qU `yÕcÖKvi| gvB‡µv hv †QvU Ges g¨v‡µv hv AvKv‡i eo| gvB‡µv¸‡jv †jvwnZ KwYKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i I g¨v‡µv¸‡jv hK…‡Z
†_‡K cÖRbb NUvq|
 ‡jvwnZ KwYKvq †g‡ivR‡qU¸‡jv †Mvj I ùxZ n‡q Uª‡dvR‡qU MVb K‡i|
 wKQy mgq ci Uª‡dvR‡qU A¨vwgevi gZ AwbqZ AvKvi m¤úbœ nq| G mgq mvB‡UvcøvR‡g mvdbvi Gi `vbv †`Lv hvq| GB `kv‡K A¨vwge‡qW
Uª‡dvR‡qU e‡j|
 cieZ©x‡Z mvBR›U Ae¯’v m„wó nq| G mgq mvB‡UvcøvR‡g Ôwn‡gvR‡qbÕ bvgK eR©¨ c`v_© Rgv nq| mvBR›U eû wefvwRZ n‡q cvucwoi gZ Ô‡iv‡RUÕ
MVb K‡i| gvby‡li i‡³ M¨v‡g‡UvmvBU 7 w`‡bi †ekx euv‡Pbv|

gkKxi †`‡n RxebPµ

 G·d¬v‡R‡jkb bvgK cÖwµqvq cÖ‡Z¨K gvB‡µvM¨v‡g‡UvmvBU 4-8wU cysM¨v‡gU MVb K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K g¨v‡µvM¨v‡g‡UvmvBU ¯¿x Rbb‡Kvl
MVb K‡i|
 gkKxi i³ †kvl‡Yi 12-14 N›Uv ci †Mvj I wbðj RvB‡MvU mPj nq|
 Pwjøk N›Uv ci gkKx µ‡ci Gwc‡_wjqvg I ewnt¯’ †ckx¯Í‡i gvSLv‡b DIwK‡bU gkKxi Kjv wbtm„Z i‡m ˆZwi GKwU cvZjv

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
bgbxq mx‡ó Ave× n‡q †MvjvKvi MVb K‡i| G Ae¯’vq ciRxex‡K ÔDIwmóÕ e‡j|µ‡g 50-500wU ÔDIwmóÕ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
 gkKxi i³ †kvl‡Yi 47-79 N›Uv ci DIwmó gv‡qvwmm I Zvici gvB‡UvwUK wefvR‡bi d‡j eû‡Kvlx DIwmó m„wó nq| cÖwZwU
wbIwK¬qvm mvB‡UvcøvR‡g †ewóZ n‡q †¯úv‡ivR‡q‡U cwiYZ nq|gkKxi MÖæ‡ci cÖvPx‡I 326000 ‡¯úv‡ivR‡qU _vK‡Z cv‡i|

ˆkevj (Algae)
‰kev‡ji ˆewkó¨ :
1| ‰kevj mv‡jvKms‡kølYKvix ¯^‡fvRx Acy®úK Dw™¢`|
2| Giv my‡Kw›`ªK, GK‡Kvlx ev eû‡Kvlx| ˆkev‡j KLbI mwZ¨Kvi g~j, KvÛ I cvZv m„wó nq bv, A_©vr Giv _¨vj‡qW|
3| G‡`i †¯úvivwÄqv (‡iYy_wj) me©`vB GK‡Kvlx|
‰kev‡ji †Kvlxq MVb:
 ‰kev‡ji GKwU eo AskB GK‡Kvlx| Pyrrhophyta, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta Ges eû Chlorophyta GK‡Kvlx|
 Rhodophyta- Gi AwaKvskB eû‡Kvlx Phaeophyta eû‡Kvlx e„nr ˆkevj wb‡q MwVZ|
 Pyrrhophyta AwMœ ˆkevj (fire algae) wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ , Avevi Dinoflagellate bv‡gI cwiwPwZ| Pyrrophyta ˆkev‡ji Rb¨ Ggb n‡q
_v‡K| ˆkev‡j Aew¯’Z luciferin, ATP Øviv dm‡dvivB‡j‡UW nq, m„ó e¯‘ luciferase GbRvB‡gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i
Av‡jvKkw³ wbM©Z K‡i|
 Euglenophyta ˆkev‡ji GK Z…Zxqvsk d‡Uvwmb‡_wmm K‡i, mwÂZ Lv`¨ Paramylon.
 Chrysophyta ˆkevj †Mv‡ìb eªvDb (†mvbvjx ev`vgx)| mwÂZ Lv`¨ Chrysolaminarin. Rhodophyta|
 Phaeophyta (ev`vgx ‰kevj) ‰kev‡j †K¬v‡ivwdj G, wm Ges fucoxanthin _v‡K| G‡`i mwÂZ Lv`¨ laminarin Ges manitol|
 Chlorophyta (meyR ˆkevj) ‰kev‡j †K¬vivwdj G,we Ges K¨v‡ivwUb‡qW _v‡K| mwÂZ Lv`¨ ÷vP©|

Ulothrix (BD‡jvw_ª·)
‰`wnK MVb :
1| Ulothrix GKwU wdjv‡g›Uvm (m~Îgq) Ges AkvL meyR ˆkevj|
2| GKwU †eë AvK…wZi (girdle shaped) †K¬v‡ivc­ v÷ Av‡Q Ges GK ev GKvwaK cvBwib‡qW Av‡Q|
‡hŠb Rbb :
1| Ulothrix GKwU †n‡U‡iv_¨vwjK (A_©vr ¯¿x I cyiæl Avjv`v) ˆkevj Ges Gi †hŠb wgjb AvB‡mvM¨vgvm|
2| cÖwZwU AcZ¨ †cÖv‡Uvcøv÷ GKwU bvmcvwZ AvK…wZi evBd¬¨vwR‡jU M¨vwg‡U iæcvšÍwiZ nq|
3| Ulothrix Gi RxebPµ Haplontic A_©vr eû‡Kvlx M¨vwg‡UvdvBwUK Rbyi mv‡_ GK‡Kvlx †¯úv‡ivdvBwUK Rbyi Rbyµg N‡U|
`ywU wfbœ AvK…wZi M¨v‡g‡Ui wgjb N‡U|

QÎvK (Fungi)
QÎv‡Ki ˆewkó¨ :
 QÎvK ‡K¬v‡ivwdjwenxb, AmeyR, mv‡jvms‡køl‡Y A¶g Acy®úK Dw™¢`|
 Giv g„ZRxex, ciRxex ev wg‡_vRxex wn‡m‡e evm K‡i|
 Giv my‡Kw›`ªK A_©vr G‡`i †Kv‡l myMwVZ wbDwK¬qvm I wewfbœ A½vby we`¨gvb|
 QÎv‡Ki †KvlcÖvPxi KvBwUb wbwg©Z|
 QÎv‡Ki mwÂZ Lv`¨ cªavbZ MøvB‡Kv‡Rb, KL‡bv KL‡bv wKQz cwigvY fwjDwUb I Pwe© _vK‡Z cv‡i|
 n¨vcø‡qW †¯úvi w`‡q eskwe¯Ívi nq|
 RvB‡MvU G gv‡qvwmm nq|
QÎv‡Ki MVb:
AwaKvsk QÎvKB eû‡Kvlx| G‡`i †`n m~ÎvKvi (filamentous) kvLvwš^Z Ges AvYyex¶wYK| QÎv‡Ki m~ÎvKvi kvLv‡K GKeP‡b nvBdv (hypha) Ges
eûeP‡b nvBwd (hyphae) ejv nq|
 A‡bK¸‡jv nvBwd GK‡Î †Kv‡bv QÎvK †`n MVb Ki‡j Zv‡K gvB‡mwjqvg (mycelium) e‡j|
 †Kv‡l GKvwaK wbDwK¬qvm _vK‡j Zv‡K wm‡bvmvBU e‡j| †cvlK †`n †_‡K Lv`¨ †kvlYKvix nvBdv‡K n‡÷vwiqvg e‡j|
 †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv D”P‡kªwYi QÎv‡K gvB‡mwjqvg k³ iwki g‡Zv MVb m„wó K‡i hv‡K ivB‡Rvgd© (rhizomorph) e‡j|
QÎv‡Ki ¸iæZ¡:¡

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
1| Có bvgK GK‡Kv‡lx QÎvK g`¨wk‡í, iæwUwk‡í Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e, Avwg‡li Drm wn‡m‡e, Ilya wn‡m‡e Ges M‡elYvq †R‡bwUK †g‡Uwiqvj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
nq| C‡ói 37 fvM †cÖvwUb _v‡K|
2| Penicillium QÎvK A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK Ilya Drcv`‡b, cwbi Drcv`‡b, ˆRe A¨vwmW ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq|
3| Claviceps purpurea QÎvK †_‡K ergot ˆZix nq hv mšÍvb cÖm‡ei ci i³¶iY eÜ Ki‡Z|
4| Wvqv÷vR Ges ˆRe A¨vwmW ˆZix Ki‡Z Aspergillus QÎvK e¨envi Kiv nq|
5| g„wËKvevmx QÎvK †_‡K mvB‡K¬v‡¯úvwib (Cyclosporine) Ilya ˆZix nq hv gvby‡li †h †Kvb A½ UªvÝcø¨v›U Ki‡Z e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ nq|
6| Gibberella fujikuroi bvgK QÎvK n‡Z wR‡e‡iwjb bvgK Dw™¢`e„w× ni‡gvb AvniY Kiv nq|
7| av‡bi cvZvi ev`vwg`vM ‡iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Helminthosporium oryaze bvgK QÎvK w`‡q m„wó nq|
8| †jU eøvBU †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y 1843-1847 mvj ch©šÍ †Mvj Avjyi cÖvq m¤ú~Y©UvB bó n‡q hvq| Phytophthora infestans bvgK QÎvK Øviv GB †ivM
nq|
9| Kgjv, Av‡cj, bvkcvwZ, Av½yi BZ¨vw` dj mn‡RB Penicillium QÎvK Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡q c‡P hvq|
10| Microsporum QÎv‡Ki Avµg‡Y gvby‡li gv_vq Pzj c‡i wM‡q Uv‡Ki m„wó nq|
11| Absidia bvgK QÎv‡Ki Avµg‡Y gvby‡li eª‡¼vgvB‡Kvwmm †ivM nq|
12| Saprolegnia QÎvK Kvc©RvZwq gv‡Qi we‡kl †ivM m„wó K‡i Drcv`b üvm K‡i|
13| Avgv‡`i Kvco I Pvgovi `ª‡e¨ Aspergillus QÎvK Øviv wPwZ c‡o|
14| h¶vi g‡Zv dzmdz‡mi Coccidiomycosis bvgK †ivM nq GK cÖKvi m¨vK dvsMvm w`‡q|
15| †P÷bvUeøvBU †ivM nq Endothia parasitica w`‡q|

Agaricus (GMvwiKvm)
mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q G¸‡jv Ôe¨v‡Oi QvZvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avm‡j GwU GK ai‡bi QÎvK, hvi mvaviY bvg gvkiæg|
Avevm¯’j :
gvB‡mwjqvg †_‡K QvZvi b¨vq evqexq Ask m„wó‡K d«zKwUwd‡Kkb (fructification) ejv nq Ges H evqyexq Ask‡K Agaricus Dw™¢‡`i d«zU ewW
(fruit body ev fruiting body) ejv nq|
 A‡bK mgq j‡b A‡bK¸‡jv gvkiæg e„ËvKv‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq, Giæc Ae¯’v‡K cixPµ (fairy ring) ejv nq|
Rbb Ask Z_v d«zU ewW (fruiting body) :
†Mvovi w`‡K Kv‡Ûi b¨vq Ask‡K ÷vBc (stipe) ejv nq Ges Dc‡ii w`‡K QvZvi b¨vq Ask‡K cvBwjqvm (pileus) ejv nq|
cvBwjqv‡mi wb‡Pi w`‡K SzjšÍ Ae¯’vq c`©vq b¨vq Ask‡K wMj (gills) ev j¨vwgbx (lamellae) e‡j|
 ÷vB‡ci gv_vq GKwU PµvKvi Ask _v‡K hv‡K A¨vbyjvm (annulus) e‡j|
GKwU K‡i e¨vwmwW‡qv‡¯úvi (basidiospore) Drcbœ nq|
A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡:
DcKvwiZv :
1| Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k Volvariella I Pleurotus MYfy³ K‡qKwU gvkiæg cÖRvwZi Pvl n‡”Q Ges
2| Av‡gwiKv I BD‡iv‡c Agaricus brumescens (= A. bisporus) gvkiæg cÖRvwZi e¨vcK Pvl nq|
AcKvwiZv :
welv³Zv : AcwiwPZ e‡bv gvkiæg LvIqv wVK bq, KviY wKQz wKQz cÖRvwZ (Agaricus xanthodermus) †ek welv³| welv³ gvkiæg Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e
MÖnY Ki‡j gvbyl I cÖvYxi g„Z¨z n‡Z cv‡i|
QÎvKNwUZ †ivM:
1.Avjyi wejw¤^Z aŸmv †ivM (Late blight of potato)
2.`v`‡ivM (Ringworm):
†iv‡Mi KviY :
2| AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB Trichophyton (T. verroceoum) bvgK QÎvK Øviv GB †ivM n‡q _v‡K| ZvB †ivMwU tinea trichophytina ev
trichophytosis bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
3| GQvov Microsporum (M. canis), Epidermophyton (E. floccosum) M‡Yi QÎvK w`‡qI `v` †ivM n‡Z cv‡i|

jvB‡Kb
(Lichen)
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
‰kevj I QÎvK wgwjZfv‡e m¤ú~Y© c„„_K ai‡bi GKRvZxq Dw™¢‡`i m„wó K‡i hv‡K ejv nq jvB‡Kb| jvB‡Kb ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©, welgc„ô, _¨vj‡qW, Acy®úK
Dw™¢`|

eªv‡qvdvBUv I †Uwi‡WvdvBUv

eªv‡qvdvBUv (Bryophyta) ev gmeMx©q

Dw™¢`
eªv‡qvdvBUvi ˆewkó¨ -
 G‡`i †`n M¨vwg‡UvdvBU (gametophyte) Z_v n¨vcø‡qW| M¨vwg‡UvdvBU me©`vB ¯^Zš¿ I ¯^‡fvRx Dw™¢`|
 G‡`i g~j †bB, Z‡e g~‡ji cwie‡Z© GK‡Kvlx ivBR‡qW Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖRvwZ‡Z eû‡Kvlx †¯‹j _v‡K|

Riccia (wiKwkqv)
Riccia GKwU eo MY| cÖvq 200 cÖRvwZ wb‡q GB MY MwVZ| Hepaticae †kªwYi m`m¨‡`i‡K wjfviIqvU© (Liverwort) e‡j|
‡hŠb Rbb :
Riccia cysRbbv½‡K A¨v‡š’wiwWqvg Ges ¯¿xRbbv½‡K AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg e‡j|
bvkcvwZ AvK…wZi A¨v‡š’wiwWqv‡g wØd¬¨v‡Rjvwewkó ïµvYy Ges d¬v¯‹ AvK…wZi AvwK©‡Mvwbqv‡g wbðj wW¤^vYy Drcbœ nq| wbwl³ wW¤^vYy cwiùzwUZ n‡q
mij I †MvjvKvi †¯úv‡ivdvBU MVb K‡i|

‡Uwi‡WvdvBUv (Pteridophyta) ev dvb©eMx©q

Dw™¢`
‡Uwi‡WvdvBUvi ˆewkó¨ -
 Giv †¯úv‡ivdvBwUK Dw™¢` A_©vr wWcø‡qW|
 M¨vwg‡UvdvBU ch©vq‡K †cÖv_¨vjvm e‡j, hv _¨vjvm cÖK…wZi|

Pteris (†Uwim)
†iv‡` Rb¥v‡Z cQ›` K‡i e‡j Pteris Dw™¢` mvbdvb© bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Pteris-Gi ˆ`wnK MVb :
dv‡b©i cvZv‡K dªÛ (frond) e‡j|
gyKzj Ae¯’vq cvZv Kxfv‡e web¨šÍ _v‡K Zv‡K ejv nq fv‡b©kb ev gyKzjcÎ web¨vm|
dv‡b©i cvZv gyKzj Ae¯’vq KzÛjx cvKv‡bv Ae¯’vq _v‡K hv‡K ejv nq mviwm‡bU fv‡b©kb|
KyÛwjZ KwP cvZv‡K †µvwRqvi (crozier) e‡j|
cÖwZwU cÎKLÛ‡K wcbv (pinna) e‡j|
kéc·K i¨v‡g›Uvg e‡j|

Af¨šÍixY MVb
M¨vwg‡UvdvBU (Gametophyte) : †cÖv_¨vjvm meyR e‡Y©i eû‡Kvlx, ¯^Zš¿ I ¯^‡fvRx Dw™¢`| †cªv_¨vjvm mnevmx|
A¨v‡š’wiwWqvg: cÖwZwU ïµvYy gvZ…‡Kvl iæcvšÍwiZ n‡q GKwU eû d¬v‡Rjvhy³ ïµvYy‡Z (antherozoid) cwiYZ nq|
wb‡lK (Fertilization) : AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg KZ©„K gvwjK A¨vwmW wb:m„Z nq, d‡j ïµvYy wW¤^vYyi cÖwZ AvK…ó nq|

bMœexRx I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢`

bMœexRx Dw™¢`
(Gymnosperms)
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq 4000 cÖRvwZi Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` _vK‡jI gvÎ cuvP cÖRvwZi bMœexRx Dw™¢` cÖvK…wZKfv‡e R‡b¥ _v‡K|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
cÖRvwZ¸‡jv n‡jv- Cycas pectinata hv PÆMÖv‡gi evwoqvWvjv cvnvwo GjvKvq cvIqv hvq; Podocarpus neriifolius, evsjv‡`‡k GwU euvkcvZv bv‡g
cwiwPZ Ges PÆMÖvg, K·evRvi I wm‡jU ebv‡j GLv‡bv cvIqv hvq Ges Gnetum bvgK GKwU Kvôj jZv‡bv DwØ` hv wm‡jU, PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg I
K·evRvi †Rjvi wewfbœ e‡b cvIqv hvq| G `ywU MÖæ‡ci Dw™¢‡`i ïµvYy d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³|
Ephedra Dw™¢‡` wØwb‡lK †`Lv hvq| Ephedra †_‡K k¦vmK‡ói Ilya B‡dwWªb cvIqv hvq| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †evUwbK¨vj Mv‡W©‡b
Ephedra Dw™¢` Av‡Q|
bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨ -
 Dw™¢` eûel©Rxex, wPimeyR, †¯úv‡ivdvBU Ges Amg‡iYycm Ö ~ A_©vr gvB‡µv‡¯úvi I †gMv‡¯úvi ˆZix K‡i|
 Mf©vkq †bB ZvB G‡`i †Kv‡bv dj m„wó nq bv|
 bMœexRx Dw™¢‡` wØwb‡lK N‡U bv, ZvB kuvm n¨vcø‡qW Ges wb‡l‡Ki cy‡e© m„wó nq|
 RvB‡jg wUmy¨‡Z mwZ¨Kvi †f‡mj †Kvl _v‡K bv Ges †d¬v‡qg wUmy¨‡Z m½x‡Kvl _v‡K bv|(e¨vwZµg Gnetum)

Cycas (mvBKvm)

1| evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ evMv‡b Avj¼vwiK Dw™¢`iƒ‡c jvMvb nq| mgq Cycas †K cvgdvb© ejv nq|
2| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Cycas- Gi cÖavb g~j _v‡K| Z‡e Bnv ¯^í¯’vqx KviY AíKvj c‡iB cÖavb g~j bó n‡q hvq|c‡i †mLv‡b A¯’vwbK g~j m„wó nq| f~wgi
DcwiZ‡j ÿ¨vMÖ kvLvwewkó G mKj g~j GK cÖKvi e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv AvµvšÍ nq|
3| g~‡ji g‡a¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqvi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Nostoc, Anabaena bvgK mvqv‡bve¨vK‡Uwiqv ØvivI AvµvšÍ nq| d‡j AvµvšÍ g~j¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK miæ bv
n‡q weK…Z AvK…wZ aviY K‡i| †m Kvi‡Y mvgyyw`ªK †Kviv‡ji g‡Zv †`Lvq| Ggb g~j‡K †Kvivj‡qW gyj (coralloid root) ev iæU wUDeviKj (root
tubercle) e‡j|
RxešÍ Rxevk¥ (Living fossil) :
1|eZ©gvbKv‡ji †Kv‡bv RxweZ Dw™¢‡`i ‰ewkó¨ AZxZKv‡ji †Kv‡bv Rxevk¥ Dw™¢‡`i ˆewk‡ó¨i mv‡_ wgj m¤úbœ n‡j Zv‡K RxešÍ Rxevk¥ ejv nq| Cycas
GKwU RxešÍ Rxevk¥|
2| Cycas-Gi ïµvYy eû d¬¨v‡Rjvwewkó Ges Dw™¢`K~‡ji g‡a¨ me©e„nr|
A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡ :
Cycas-Gi ¯¿x‡iYycÎ †`L‡Z A‡bKUv dYv †Zvjv mv‡ci gv_vi g‡Zv| kni e›`‡ii iv¯Ívi a‡i, Ômc©gwYÕ bvg K‡i G¸‡jv wewµ Kiv nq-me© †iv‡Mi Ilya
Ges mc© †iv‡Mi Ilya wn‡m‡e| Avm‡j Gi †Kv‡bv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ilywa ¸Y †bB|

GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i †MvÎ

GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i kbv³Kvix KwZcq ˆewkó¨Ñ

1| ex‡R excÎ GKwU|
2| g~j ¸”Qgyj|
3| cvZvi wkivweb¨vm mvaviYZ mgvšÍivj|
4| cy‡®ú cy®úc‡Îi msL¨v 3 ev Gi ¸wYZK (3wU, 6wU ev 9wU) A_©vr cy®ú UªvB‡givm|
5|exRc‡Îi Ae¯’vb kxl© Ges åæY gyKzj cvk¦x©q|
†MvÎ Poaceae (Gramineae):
Nvm †MvÎ ev Grass Familykbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨-
1| KvÛ mvaviYZ bjvKvi, ga¨ce© duvcv|
2| cvZv wjwMDjwewkó
3| cy®úweb¨vm (gÄix) ¯úvBK‡jU (spikelet)
4| civMavbx me©gyL (versatile)
5| Mf©gyÛ cvj‡Ki b¨vq
6| dj K¨vwiAcwmm (caryopsis)|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dw™¢`-

Bambusa bambos (euvk)
Oryza sativa L. (avb)
Saccharum officinarum L. (AvL, B¶z)
Triticum aestivum L. (Mg)
Zea mays L. (fyÆv)
Hordeum vulgare L. (he)
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (†jgb Nvm)
Phragmites karka (Retz). Trin (bjLvMov)
Thysanolaema maxima (Roxb.)Kuntze (SvoNvm)
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (`~e©vNvm)

wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i †MvÎ

wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i kbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨ -

1| ex‡R exRcÎ `ywU|
2| g~j cÖavb g~j|
3| cvZvi wkivweb¨vm mvaviYZ RvwjKvKvi|
4| cy‡®ú cy®ú‡Îi msL¨v 4 ev 5 ev Zvi ¸wYZK (4, 8 ev 5, 10 Giæc) A_©vr cy®ú †UUªv‡givm ev †c›Uv‡givm|
5| ex‡R exRc‡Îi Ae¯’vb cvk¦x©q Ges åæYgyKzj kxl©|
†MvÎ : Malvaceae (gvj‡fwm) kbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨-
1| Dw™¢‡`i KwP Ask †ivgk I wgDwm‡jRc~Y© (wcw”Qj c`v_©hy³)|
2| DccÎ gy³cvk¦x©q|
3| cy®ú GKK Ges mvaviYZ Dce„wZhy³|
4| cys‡Kki eû, GK¸”QK, cys‡Kkixq bvwjKv Mf©`‡Ûi Pviw`‡K †ewkóZ|
5| civMavbx GKcÖ‡Kvôx I e„°vKvi|
6| civM‡iYy e„nr Ges KÈwKZ|
cÖavb Dw™¢`mg~n -
1| Rev : Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.
2| †Xuom : Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn). Moench
3| Kvc©vm Zzjv : Gossypium herbaceum Linn.
4| ‡Kbvd-‡g¯ÍvcvU : Hibiscus cannabinus Linn.
5| †g¯ÍvcvU : Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima Linn.
6| ¯’yj cÙ : Hibiscus mutabilis : GB Dw™¢` I Gi dzj evMv‡bi ‡mŠ›`h© e„w× K‡i|
Dw™¢` kixiZË¡
Stephen Hales bvgK GKRb weªwUk weÁvbx 1727 wLª÷v‡ã e‡jb †h, Dw™¢` evqy †_‡K wKQz Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i Ges m~h©v‡jvK nqZ G‡Z AskMÖnY K‡i|
G Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K Dw™¢` kvixiZ‡Ë¡i (Plant Physiology) RbK ejv nq|
LwbR jeY cwi‡kvaY (Absorption of Mineral Salts)
jeY cwi‡kvlY A½ : g~‡ji AMÖfv‡Mi †Kvl wefvRb A‡ji be MwVZ †Kvl¸‡jvB jeY cwi‡kvl‡Y AwaK Kvh©¶g| g~j‡ivg w`‡qI wKQz jeY cwi‡kvwlZ
n‡q _v‡K|
 wewfbœ Avqb ‡kvl‡Yi nvi wewfbœ cÖKvi K  Ges NO  Avqb me©v‡c¶v `ªæZMwZ‡Z †kvwlZ nq Ges Ca   Ges SO   me©v‡c¶v gš’i MwZ‡Z
3 4
†kvwlZ nq e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|

Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vb

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
†h †gŠj¸‡jv AwaK cwigv‡Y jv‡M †m¸‡jv g¨v‡µv‡gŠj (1  9)
 †h †gŠj¸‡jv A‡c¶vK…Z Kg cwigv‡Y jv‡M †m¸‡jv gvB‡µv‡gŠj (10  17)

Dw™¢‡`i LwbR jeY cwi‡kvlY cÖwµqv

LwbR jeY cwi‡kvl‡Yi cÖwµqv‡K cÖavbZ `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v :
 wbw®Œq cwi‡kvlY Ges
 mwµq cwi‡kvlY|
 wbw®Œq cwi‡kvlY :
(i) e¨vcb cÖwµqv :
(ii) Avqb wewbgq cÖwµqv : Dw™¢`g~‡ji †Kvlim n‡Z H  Avqb evB‡ii `ªe‡Y wbM©Z nq| ZLb †Kv‡li ˆe`y¨wZK wbi‡c¶Zv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨
evB‡ii `ªeY n‡Z K  Avqb †Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| GKBfv‡e OH  Avq‡bi wewbg‡q Cl  Avqb †Kvl i‡m cÖ‡ek K‡i| K¨vUvqb I A¨vbvqb
GK mv‡_ cwi‡kvwlZ nq bv|
(iii) ‡Wvb¨vb mvg¨e¯’v (Donnan equilibrium) :
(iv) e¨vcK cÖevn (Mass flow) : A‡bK weÁvbx [Hylmo (1955) I Kramen (1956] g‡b K‡ib †h, cÖ‡¯^`b Uv‡b hLb e¨vcK nv‡i cvwb
cwi‡kvwlZ nq ZLb cvwbi mv‡_ mv‡_ LwbR je‡Yi AvqbI cwi‡kvwlZ nq|
mwµq cwi‡kvlY :
NbZ¡ AvbwZi (concentration gradient) wecix‡Z GB †kvlY wecvKxq kw³i cÖZ¨¶ cÖ‡qv‡M N‡U _v‡K| G‡Z k¦mb nvi e„w× cvq| G Kvi‡YB G
RvZxq †kvlY‡K mwµq †kvlY e‡j|

Avqb evnK aviYv (The carrier concept of ion)

(i) jyb‡WMv©W gZev` (Lundegardth theory) : G gZev`‡K Cytochrome pump gZev`I ejv nq|
jyb‡WMv‡W©i g‡Z †fZ‡ii Zj G wWnvB‡WªvwR‡bR wewµqvi d‡j †cÖvUb H   Ges B‡j±ªb e  m„wó nq|
 

(ii) Proton-Anion Co-transport :

 aviYv Kiv nq †KvlwSwjøi †Kvlga¨ w`‡q ATPase KZ©„K ATP fv‡O Ges GB m‡½ GKwU †cÖvwUb H   cvk¦©eZx© †Kv‡l wbw¶ß nq, hv‡K †cÖvwUb


cv¤ú e‡j|
cÖ‡¯^`b(Transpiration)
†h kvixiZvwË¡K (physiological) cÖwµqvq Dw™¢‡`i evqexq A½ (mvaviYZ cvZv) n‡Z cvwb ev®úvKv‡i †ei n‡q hvq, Zv‡K cÖ‡¯^`b e‡j|
cÖ‡¯^`b‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq; h_v :
 cÎiÜ«xq cÖ‡¯^`b (Stomatal transpiration) : cÎi‡Üªi ga¨ w`‡q cÖ‡¯^`b;
 ‡jw›UKzvi cÖ‡¯^`b (Lenticular transpiration) : Kv‡Ûi †jw›U‡m‡ji ga¨ w`‡q cÖ‡¯^`b;
 Z¡Kxq cÖ‡¯^`b (Cuticular transpiration) : cÎZ¡‡Ki wKDwUK‡ji ga¨ w`‡q cÖ‡¯^`b|
cÎiܪxq cÖ‡¯^`b :
kZKiv 90-95 fvM cÖ‡¯^`b G cÖwµqvq n‡q _v‡K| Kv‡RB cvZvB cÖ‡¯^`‡bi cÖavb A½|

cÎiܪ †Lvjv I eÜ nIqvi †KŠkj (Mechanism of operning and closing of stomata)

 weÁvbx j‡qW (Loyd, 1908) gZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h,
cÎi‡Üª i¶x‡Kvl¯’ †Kvli‡mi AwfmªewYK Pv‡ci ZviZ‡g¨i Rb¨ cÎi‡Ü«i †Lvjv ev AÜ nIqv wbf©ikxj Ges ZviZg¨ †Kvl¯’ wPwb G †k¦Zmv‡ii
AvšÍ:cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ N‡U _v‡K|
 weÁvbx m¨v‡qwi (Sayre, 1926) Gi g‡Z, †k¦Zmvi I wPwbi AvšÍ:cwieZ©Y †Kvl i‡mi pH Gi Rb¨ N‡U _v‡K|

dm‡dvivB‡jR, Av‡jv pH7

†k¦Zmvi + A‰Re dm‡dU Møy‡KvR-1 dm‡dU
(A`ªeYxq) AÜKvi, pH5 (`ªeYxq)

AvaywbK gZev` ev Avqb cÖevn gZev` (Theory of ion transport)

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

G gZev` Abyhvqx cÎiÜ eÜ Ges †Lvjv ivLvi e¨vcv‡i cUvwkqvg Avqb‡K K  `vqx Kiv nq|


mv‡jvKms‡kølY
(Photosynthesis)
†h kvixie„Ëxq cÖwµqvq mRxe Dw™¢`-‡Kvl¯’ †K¬v‡ivwdj m~‡h©i Av‡jvKkw³‡K ATP Ges NADPH + H+ bvgK ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z iæcvšÍwiZ K‡i Ges
H ivmvqwbK kw³‡K (ATP I NADPH + H+) Kv‡R jvwM‡q CO 2 weRvi‡Yi gva¨‡g Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU (kK©iv) RvZxq Lv`¨ cÖ¯‘Z I DcRvZ wn‡m‡e
O 2 wbM©Z K‡i,Zv‡K mv‡jvKms‡kølY ev d‡Uvwmb‡_wmm e‡j|
iÄK c`v_© :
 †K¬v‡ivwdj, K¨v‡ivwUb‡qWm I dvB‡Kvwewjb|
mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi mgq †e¸wb bxj I Kgjv jvj Av‡jv †ewk e¨eüZ nq Ges evwK Av‡j AZ¨šÍ Kg e¨eüZ nq| GKK Av‡jv wn‡m‡e jvj Av‡jv‡Z
mv‡jvKms‡kølY †ewk nq|

Av‡jvK ivmvqwbK wewµqv

d‡Uvwm‡÷g-1 (PS-I) :
G‡Z ch ‘a’ 683 K¨v‡ivwUb, R¨v‡š’vwdj Ges P700 bvgK GKwU cÖwZwµqv wcM‡g›U (reactive pigment = _v‡K hv 700 nm Zi½‰`‡N©¨i
Av‡jvKiwk¥ me©vwaK †kvlY K‡i, ZvB G‡K ejv nq P700.
 d‡Uvwm‡÷g-2 (PS-II) :
G‡Z ch ‘a’ 673 Ges ch ‘b’ Ges P680 bvgK cÖwZwµqv wcM‡g›U _v‡K hv 680 nm Zi½‰`‡N©¨i jvj Av‡jvKiwk¥ me©vwaK †kvlY K‡i, ZvB G‡K
ejv nq P680.
cÖwZwU d‡Uvwm‡÷‡gi wZbwU Ask _v‡K| h_v :  Av‡jvK ‡kvlY Ask,  wewµqv †K›`ª Ges  B‡j±ªb Uªv݇cvU© wm‡÷g (ETS)|
_vBjvK‡qW B‡j±ªb Uªv݇cvU© wm‡÷g :
_vBjvK‡qW †gg‡eªb myk„•Ljfv‡e mw¾Z wKQz msL¨K B‡j±ªb evnK wb‡q Uªv݇cvU© wm‡÷g (ETS) MwVZ| evnK¸‡jv ch©vqµwgKfv‡e wbgœiƒc :
wd‡qvdvBwUb (Pheophytin = Ph) : GKwU iæcvšÍwiZ †K¬v‡ivwdj-a AYy| cieZx© evnK cøv‡÷vKzBb‡bi mv‡_ GwU ms‡hvM m„wó K‡i|
cøv‡÷vKzBbb (Plastoquinone = PQ) :AwZ †QvU Pjbkxj (mobile) wjwcW hv _vBjvK‡qW †gg‡eªb gy³fv‡e PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mvB‡Uv‡µvg (Cytochrome) :mvB‡Uv‡µvg n‡jv †jŠnNwUZ wng (heme) MÖæcwewkó †cÖvwUb| wng MÖæ‡ci †jŠn B‡j±ªb Av`vb cÖ`vb K‡i|
cøv‡÷vmvqvwbb (Plastocyanin = PC) :AZ¨šÍ Pjbkxj GKwU ¶z`ª †gg‡eªb ‡cÖvwUb| Gi B‡j±ªb MÖnxZv MÖæc n‡jv Kcvi| GwU gy³fv‡e _vBjvK‡qW
cÖ‡Kvô PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i|
‡dwiWw·b (Ferredoxin = Fd) : GwU GKwU Avqib mvjdvi (Fe-S) †cÖvwUb| Gi †jŠn B‡j±ªb MÖnY K‡i I weZiY K‡i|
NADP reductase : GwU Avm‡j GKwU d¬¨v‡fv‡cÖvwUb Ges evDÛ †Kv GbRvBg FAD (d¬vwfb A¨v‡Wwbb WvBwbDwK¬IUvBW)| Gi d¬¨vwfb MÖæc n‡jv
B‡j±ªb MÖnxZv|
mv‡jvKms‡kølb cÖwµqvi Kjv‡KŠkj (Photosynthetic Mechanism) :
1905 wLª÷v‡ã Bs‡iR kvixiZË¡w` eø¨vKg¨vb mv‡jvKms‡kølb cÖwµqv‡K `ywU Aa¨v‡q fvM K‡ib| h_v :

Av‡jvKwbf©i gva¨‡g (Light dependent reactions) : ATP I NADPH + H+ ˆZix

Av‡jvKwbf©i Aa¨v‡qi wewµqvmg~n _vBjvK‡qW †gg‡eªb G msNwUZ nq|

mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvi †h Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvK kw³ ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z iæcvšÍwiZ n‡q ATP I NADPH + H+ †Z mÂvwiZ nq, Zv‡K Av‡jvKwbf©i
Aa¨vq e‡j| G As‡ki Rb¨ Av‡jvK Acwinvh©|
d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb : d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb APµxq (non-cyclic) Ges Pµxq (cyclic) G `yÕfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i|
APµxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb :
 †h d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb cÖwµqvq d‡Uvwm‡÷g-2 n‡Z Drw¶ß B‡j±ªb cybivq †mL‡b wd‡i bv wM‡q, d‡Uvwm‡÷g-1 G P‡j Av‡m Zv‡K APµxq
d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb e‡j|
G cÖwµqvq d‡Uvwm‡÷g-1 Ges d‡Uvwm‡÷g-2 DfqB Ask MÖnY K‡i|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
d‡Uvwmb‡_wmm cÖwµqvq †h Aw·‡Rb wbM©Z nq Zv APµxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb ch©v‡q cvwbi fvO‡bi d‡j m„wó nq| cvwbi Giæc fvOb‡K cvwbi
mv‡jvKwefvRb ev d‡UvjvBwmm Ae IqvUvi e‡j|
Pµxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb :
†h d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb cÖwµqvq d‡Uvwm‡÷g-1 n‡Z Drw¶ß B‡j±ªb wewfbœ evnK N‡i GKwU ATP ‰Zix c~e©K cybivq d‡Uvwm‡÷g-1 G wd‡i Av‡m
Zv‡K Pµxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb e‡j|
cvwbi mieivn eÜ n‡j APµxq cÖwµqv M‡U bv, Pµxq cÖwµqv N‡U|

Av‡jvK wbi‡c¶ Aa¨vq (Light indepentdent reactions) : Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU ˆZix ev Kve©b weRviY c×wZ

Av‡jvK wbi‡c¶ Aa¨vq (ev Kve©b weRviY wewµqv) Gi wewµqvmg~n †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i †÷ªvgv‡Z msNwUZ nq| ivmvqwbK wewµqvi gva¨‡g Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU m„wói
wZbwU ¯^xK…Z c_ Av‡Q; Zv n‡jv  K¨vjwfb Pµ,  n¨vP I mœ¨vK Pµ : CAM
K¨vjwfb Pµ : C 3 Pµ (Calvin cycle : C 3  cycle) :
14
†ZRw¯Œq Kve©b ( C - Kve©‡bi AvB‡mv‡Uvc) e¨envi K‡i mÜvbx c×wZ‡Z (tracer technique) Chlorella bvgK GK‡Kvlx ˆkev‡j Kve©b weRvi‡Yi
†h PµvKvi MwZ c_ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib Zv K¨vjwfb Pµ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
iæwe‡¯‹v (rubisco) GbRvBg CO 2 †K RuBP Gi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| (c„w_ex‡Z me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GbRvBg n‡jv iæwe‡¯‹v KviY GwU
cÖvK…wZK RMr Ges RxeRM‡Zi g‡a¨ ivmvqwbK eÜb ˆZix K‡i|
 iæwe‡¯‹v n‡jv ÔivBey‡jvR wemdm‡dU Kv‡e©vw·‡jR/Aw·wR‡bR GbRvB‡gi A¨v‡µvwbg (acronym)|
3-dm‡dvwMømvwiK A¨vwmW K¨vjwfb P‡µi cÖ_g ¯’vqx c`v_©|
K¨vjwfb P‡µi cÖ_g Drcbœ ¯’vqx c`v_© 3-Kve©bwewkó e‡j G Pµ‡K C 3 PµI ejv nq| ‡h me Dw™¢‡` C 3 P‡µi gva¨‡g Kve©b weRviY nq Zv‡`i‡K
C 3 Dw™¢` ejv nq|
d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb (Photorespiration) : d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb cÖwµqvq †K¬v‡ivcøv÷, AviAw·‡mvg Ges gvB‡UvKwÛqv G wZbwU A½vYy AskMÖnY K‡i|

n¨vP I mœ¨vK Pµ
M.D. Hatch I C.R. Stack bvgK `yRb A‡÷ªjxq weÁvbx B¶z Dw™¢` wb‡q Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ M‡elYv K‡i Kve©b weRvi‡Yi G wfbœ c_‡K my›`ifv‡e
e¨vL¨v K‡ib, hv c‡i, Hatch & Slack MwZc_ ev C 4 Pµ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvq (1970)| WvBKv‡e©vw·wjK Pµ bv‡gI GwU cwiwPZ|
cvZvi †g‡mvwdj †Kvl Ges evÛjmx_ †Kvl mw¤§wjZfv‡e GB MwZc_ m¤úbœ K‡i| dm‡dvBbj cvBiæ‡fU Kv‡e©vw·‡jR Ges cvBiæ‡fU A‡_©vdm‡dU
WvBKvB‡bR GbRvBg †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡l mxgve× _v‡K|
Pvi Kve©bwewkó A·v‡jv A¨vwmwUK A¨vwmW m„wó K‡i|
cÖ_g ¯’vqx c`v_©-4 Kve©bwewkó e‡j GB Pµ‡K C 4 Pµ ejv nq|
evÛjmx_ †Kv‡l CO 2 Gi Afve nq bv, ZvB †Kv‡bv d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb nq bv, d‡j Kve©b weRviY nvi AwaK nq|
Dw™¢‡` wZb cÖKvi C 4 MwZc_ j¶ Kiv hvq :
(i) evÛjmx_ †Kv‡l ¯’vbvš—wiZ C 4 A¨vwm‡Wi aib, (ii) †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡l ¯’vbvšÍwiZ C 3 A¨vwm‡Wi aib Ges (iii) evÛjmx_ †Kv‡l
wWKv‡ev©vw·‡jkb GbRvB‡gi cÖKvi  G wZb ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ wbgœwjwLZ wZb cÖKvi C 4 MwZc_ j¶ Kiv hvq|
(A) NADP-malic enzyme cÖKvi|fyÆv, B¶z, miMvg, µ¨ve BZ¨vw` Dw™¢‡` G cÖKvi Kvh©Kix|
(B) NAD-malic enzyme cÖKvi|wgjø¨vZ, KvDb, wPbv BZ¨vw` Dw™¢‡` G cÖKvi Kvh©Kix|
(C) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinese cÖKvi|wMwb Nvm G (Guinea grass) G cÖKvi Kvh©Kix|
C 3 I C 4 Dw™¢‡`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
cv_©‡K¨i welq C 3 Dw™¢‡`i C 4 Dw™¢`
ZvcgvÎv D”P ZvcgvÎvq LvcLvB‡q wb‡Z m¶g bq| D”P ZvcgvÎvq LvcLvB‡q wb‡Z m¶g|
µ¨vÄ A¨vbvUwg cvZvi evÛjmx_‡K wN‡i †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡li cvZvi evÛjmx_‡K wN‡i Aixqfv‡e mw¾Z
†Kv‡bv c„_K ¯Íi _v‡K bv| †g‡mvwdj ‡Kv‡li Nb ¯Íi we`¨gvb (µ¨vÄ
A¨vbvUwg)|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
†K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i cÖKvi MVbMZfv‡e †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ GKB iKg| MVbMZfv‡e †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ `yB iKg : (i)
MÖvbvhy³ †g‡mvwdj †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ Ges (ii)
MÖvbvwenxb evÛjmx_ †K¬v‡ivcøv÷|

CO 2 NbZ¡ mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ evqygÛ‡j CO 2 Gi mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ evqygÛ‡j CO 2 Gi

NbZ¡ Kgc‡¶ 50 ppm (parts per NbZ¡ Kgc‡¶ 0.10 ppm cÖ‡qvRb (0.10-
million) cÖ‡qvRb (50-150 ppm)| 10 ppm|

K¨vjwfb Pµ Ges n¨vP G¨vÛ mœ¨vK P‡µi

cv_©K¨
K¨vjwfb Pµ n¨vP G¨vÛ mœ¨vK Pµ
(i) †Kej †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡l nq| (i) †g‡mvwdj I evÛjmx_ †Kv‡l nq|
(ii) d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb N‡U| (ii) d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb N‡U bv|
(iii) cÖv_wgK CO 2 MÖnxZv RuBP (iii) cÖv_wgK CO 2 MÖnxZv PEP |
(iv) CO 2 wdKwms GbRvBg iæwe‡¯‹v| (iv) CO 2 wdKwms GbRvBg PEP -Kv‡e©vw·‡jR|
(v) cÖ_g ¯’vqx `ªe¨ 3 PG (3-Kve©b)| (v) cÖ_g ¯’vqx `ªe¨ A·v‡jv A¨vwmwUK A¨vwmW (4-
Kve©b)|
(vi) Gi Rb¨ Kv‡e©vw·‡jR Gi `¶Zv ga¨g| (vi) CO 2 Gi Rb¨ Kv‡e©vw·‡jR Gi `¶Zv D”P|
(vii) †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i aiY GKB iKg| (vii) e¨eüZ †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i aib `y iKg (evÛjmx_
†K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷ DbœZ MÖvbvg _v‡K bv)|
C 4 Dw™¢` P‡µi ¸iæZ:¡
 C 4 Dw™¢‡` D”P ZvcgvÎvq (30 C  45 C) mv‡jvKms‡kølY msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i, ZvB D”P ZvcgvÎvq Giv Kg©¶g _v‡K|
o o

 C 4 Dw™¢‡`i CO 2 MÖvnK dm‡dvBbj cvBiæwfK A¨vwmW C 3 Dw™¢‡`i CO 2 MÖvnK ivBey‡jvR 1,5-wemdm‡dU A‡c¶v AwaK Kvh©Ki _v‡K|
 Dw™¢‡` cÎiÜ« AvswkKfv‡e eÜ _vK‡jI C 4 MwZc_ Pvjy _v‡K|
 CO 2 Gi A‡c¶vK…Z Kg Nb‡Z¡ C 4 MwZc_ Pj‡Z cv‡i, ZvB CO 2 K‡gi Rb¨ Kve©b weRviY eÜ nq bv|
 C 4 Dw™¢‡` cÖ‡¯^`b I d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb Kg nq e‡j CO 2 Gi weRviY †ewk nq|
 C 4 Dw™¢‡`i cvZvq Kranz A¨vbvUwgi Rb¨ Gi Lv`¨ Drcv`b ¶gZv †ewk I AwZ mnRfv‡e GwU cwievwnZ n‡Z cv‡i|
mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvq wbM©Z Aw·‡Rb O 2  Gi Drm :
mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi mgq †h O 2 wbM©Z nq Zv H 2 O n‡Z Av‡m, CO 2 n‡Z bv, A_©vr mv‡jvKms‡k­ lY cÖwµqvq wbM©Z Aw·‡R‡bi Drm n‡jv cvwb
H 2 O | cix¶v¸‡jv wbgœiæc :
(i) wnj wewµqv : 1937 wLª÷v‡ã iweb wnj (Robin Hill) bvgK Bs‡iR cÖvYimvqbwe` GKwU cix¶v K‡ib|
A (A‰Re RviK) + H 2 O Av‡jv AH  1 O
2
‡K¬v‡ivwdj 2 2
(ii) f¨vb bxj () Gi cix¶v :

2H 2S  CO 2 Av‡jv 2 S  (CH 2 O)  H 2 O)
‡K¬v‡ivwdj

(iii) iæ‡eb I Kv‡gb-Gi †ZRw¯Œq wPwýZKiY cix¶v :

6CO 2  12H 2 O18 m~h©v‡jvK C6 H12 O6  6H 2 O  6O 218

‡K¬v‡ivwdj

mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi cÖfvemg~n
সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP

cUvwmqvg : cUvwmqv‡gi Afv‡e mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi cwigvY K‡g †h‡Z †`Lv hvq|

k¦mb
(Respiration)
k¦m‡bi cÖKvi‡f` : Aw·‡R‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i k¦mb cÖwµqv‡K `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v : (K) mevZ k¦mb ev G¨v‡ivweK †imwc‡ikb
Ges (L) AevZ k¦mb ev A¨v‡b‡ivweK †imwc‡ikb|

mevZ k¦mb

†h k¦mb cÖwµqvq gy³ Aw·‡R‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges k¦mwbK e¯‘ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e RvwiZ n‡q CO 2 , H 2 O I wecyj cwigvY kw³ Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K mevZ
k¦mb e‡j|
mevZ k¦m‡bi ivmvqwbK ms‡KZ wbgœiƒc :
C 6 H12 O 6  6O 2  6H 2 O  38ADP  38 Pi wewfbœ GbRvBg 6CO 2  12H 2 O  38 ATP
M­ y‡KvR Aw·‡Rb cvwb

MøvB‡KvjvBwmm (Glycolysis)
†h cÖwµqvq GK AYy Møy‡KvR wewfbœ ivmvqwbK wewµqvq RvwiZ n‡q `yB AYy cvBiæwfK A¨vwm‡W cwiYZ nq, Zv‡K MøvB‡KvjvBwmm e‡j|
MøvB‡KvjvBwmm‡K EMP cv_I‡q MøvB‡KvjvBwmm mevZ I AevZ Dfq cÖKvi k¦m‡biB cÖ_g ch©vq|
MøvB‡KvjvBwmm cÖwµqvq kw³ Drcv`b : ATP (`yB AYy) ,NADH + H+ (`yB AYy) Ges cvBiæwfK A¨vwmW (`yB AYy)| MøvB‡KvjvBwm‡mi wewµqv¸‡jv
†Kv‡li mvB‡UvcøvR‡g N‡U _v‡K|

†µem Pµ (Krebs cycle)

Bs‡iR cÖvYimvqbwe` Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (1900-1981) Aw·‡R‡bi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cvBiæwfK A¨vwm‡Wi m¤ú~Y© RviY cÖwµqvi ch©vqµwgK
wewµqvi Z_¨ cÖ_g Zz‡j a‡ib 1937 mv‡j| ch©vqµwgK wewµqvmg~n PµvKv‡i AvewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K| ZvB †µem Gi m¤§v‡b GB wewµqv Pµ‡K †µem Pµ
ejv nq|
G P‡µi cª_g Drcbœ c`v_© n‡jv mvBwUªK A¨vwmW ZvB G Pµ‡K mvBwUªK A¨vwmW Pµ (CAC) I ejv nq| mvBwUªK A¨vwmW G 3wU Kve©w·j (-COOH)
MÖæc _vKvq G‡K UªvBKvew·wjK A¨vwmW Pµ I ejv nq|
B‡j±ªb Uªv݇cvU© wm‡÷g (ETS) ev Aw·‡WwUf dm‡dvivB‡jkb
mevZ k¦m‡bi †h As‡k NADH + H+ , NADPH + H+, FADH2 n‡Z B‡j±ªb KZK¸‡jv evn‡Ki gva¨‡g ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq Ges B‡j±ª‡bi GB ¯’vbvšÍi
Kv‡j ATP ‰Zix I me‡k‡l H 2 O Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K B‡j±ªb Uªv݇cvU© wm‡÷g (ETS) e‡j|
ETS-G ATP ˆZix cÖwµqv‡K ejv nq Aw·‡WwUf dm‡dvivB‡jkb| ETS- G Aw·‡RbBw n‡jv B‡j±ª‡bi †kl MÖnxZv|
ETS mevZ k¦m‡bi GKwU ch©vq gvÎ, Kv‡RB ETS Qvov mevZ k¦mb c~Y© nq bv|
kw³ Drcv`‡bi cwimsL¨vb

mevZ k¦m‡b GK AYy Møy‡KvR m¤ú~Y© RvwiZ n‡q CO 2 I cvwb Drcv`bKv‡j wbgœiæc kw³ Drcv`b K‡i :
M­ vB‡KvjvBwmm A¨vwmUvBj Co  A m„wó I †µem Pµ ETS me©‡gvU ATP
2ATP............. ...................................................................... .................. 2 ATP
2NADH + H+ ...................................................................... 6ATP = 6 ATP
2NADH + H+................................................ 6ATP = 6 ATP
6 NADH + H+ ......................... 18ATP = 18 ATP
2 FADH2................................. 4ATP =4 ATP
2ATP...................................... ................ =2 ATP

34ATP 38ATP

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, GK †gvj Møy‡KvR‡K (‡cvov‡j 686 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³ †ei nq wKš‘ ev‡qvjwRK¨vj wm‡÷‡g gvÎ 380 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Kvh©Kix kw³ (38
AYy ATP n‡Z cÖvße¨) cvIqv hvq Ges evwK kw³ Zvckw³ wn‡m‡e bó n‡q hvq| †kvlYKvix wewfbœ ivmvqwbK wewµqvq cÖwZwU ATP n‡Z gvÎ 10
wK‡jvK¨vjwi wn‡m‡e 38 wU ATP n‡Z 380 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³ mieivn nq A_©vr 686 wK‡jvK¨vjwi n‡Z †kl ch©šÍ gvÎ 380 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³ cvIqv
hvq, hvi d‡j Kvh©¶gZv `uvovq 380  100  55.393586  55.4% (cÖvq)|
686

AevZ k¦mb
AevZ k¦mb cÖwµqvq †Kv‡bv gy³ Aw·‡R‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †h k¦mb cÖwµqv Aw·‡R‡bi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z, m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K AevZ k¦mb e‡j|
C 6 H12 O 6 C 2 H 5 OH  2CO 2  20 wK‡ jvK¨vjwi kw³
Møy‡KvR GbRvBg B_vbj
AevZ k¦mb‡K `ywU ch©v‡q fvM Kiv hvq; h_v :
1.MøvB‡KvjvBwmm I
2. cvBiæwfK A¨vwm‡Wi Am¤ú~Y© RviY|
MøvB‡KvjvBwmm : GwU mevZ k¦m‡bi MøvB‡KvjvBwmm cÖwµqvi Abiæc, MøvB‡KvjvBwmm Dfq cÖKvi k¦m‡biB cÖ_g ch©vq|
cvBiæwfK A¨vwmW †_‡K B_vbj A_ev j¨vKwUK A¨vwmW m„wó : G cÖwµqvq cvBiæwfK A¨vwmW Am¤ú~Y©fv‡e RvwiZ n‡q B_vbj I CO 2 A_ev ïay j¨vKwUK
A¨vwmW m„wó K‡i|

k¦mb wµqvi cÖfvemg~n

Av‡jv : k¦mbKv‡h© Av‡jvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv mwZ¨ wKš‘ w`‡bi †ejvq Av‡jvi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cÎiÜ« †Lvjv _vKvq O 2 MÖnY I CO 2 Z¨vM Kiv mnR nq e‡j
k¦mb nvi GKUz †e‡o hvq|
Kve©b WvBA·vBW Gi NbZ¡ : evqy‡Z CO 2 Gi NbZ¡ †e‡o ‡M‡j k¦mb nvi wKwÂr K‡g hvq|

wUmy¨ I wUmy¨Zš¿
wUmy¨

GKB Drm †_‡K m„ó, GKB ai‡bi KvR m¤úbœKvix mgagx© GKwU Awew”Qbœ †Kvl¸”Q‡K ejv nq wUmy¨ ev †KvlKzjv|
wUmy¨i cÖKvi‡f` -
wefvRb Abyhvqx `ywU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-(1) fvRK wUmy¨ Ges 2| ¯’vqx wUmy¨|
fvRK wUmy¨i ˆewkó¨ :
(i) ‡Kvl¸‡jv RxweZ, A‡c¶vK…Z †QvU Ges mge¨vmxq|
(ii) fvRK wUmy¨i ‡Kvl¸‡jv wefvRb ¶gZvm¤úbœ|
(iii) fvRK wUmy¨i †Kvl¸‡jv mvaviYZ AvqZvKvi, wW¤^vKvi, cÂfyR ev lofyRvKvi nq|
(iv) fvRK wUmy¨i †Kv‡l mvaviYZ †Kvl MnŸi _v‡K bv|
(v)‡Kv‡l †Kv‡bv cÖKvi mwÂZ Lv`¨, ¶wiZ e¯‘ ev eR©¨ c`v_© _v‡K bv|
fvRK wUmy¨i KvR:
(i)kxl©¯’ fvRK wUmy¨i wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g Dw™¢` ˆ`‡N©¨ e„w× cvq| G‡Z †QvU †QvU MvQ µ‡g DPz I j¤^v nq|
(ii) cvk¦x©q fvRK wUmy¨i wefvR‡bi d‡j Dw™¢‡`i e¨vm e„w× cvq| G‡Z miæ KvÛ µ‡g †gvUv nq|

fvRK wUmy¨i ‡kÖbxwefvM

DrcwË Ae¯’vb †Kvl wefvRb KvR

Abymv‡i Abymv‡i cÖwµqv Abymv‡i Abymv‡i
wUmy¨Zš¿ (Tissue system)

1| cÖvিই
সাগজশনটি iw¤¢Kআকাগর
fvRK wUmy ¨
কুবরয়াগরর1|মাধ্যগম
kxl©K fvRK
পেগত wUmy ¨
আমাগের 1| কgvmপেগজ
পেসিু fvRK(wUmy ¨ 1| ‡cÖv‡UvWvg©
https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd )
2| cÖ vBgvwi fvRK wUmy ¨ 2| B›UviK¨vjwi
মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১ fvRK wUmy ¨ 2| ‡cø U fvRK wUmy ¨ 2| ‡cÖ vK¨vw¤^ q vg
3| †m‡KÛvwi fvRK wUmy¨ 3| cvk¦©xq fvRK wUmy¨ 3| wie fvRK wUmy¨ 3| MÖvDÛ †gwi‡÷g
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
wUmy¨i Ae¯’vb I Kv‡h©i Dci wbf©i K‡i Dw™¢‡`i me wUmy¨‡K wZbwU wUmy¨Z‡š¿ fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
(K) GwcWvg©vj wUmy¨Zš‘,
(L) MÖvDÛ wUmy¨Zš¿ Ges
(M) fv¯‹zjvi wUmy¨Zš¿|

fv¯‹zjvi evÛ‡ji cÖKvi‡f`

RvB‡jg I †d¬v‡qg wUmy¨i Zzjbvg~jK Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i fv¯‹zjvi evÛj‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
h_v :
1. mshy³ (conjoint)
2. Aixq (radial) Ges
3. †Kw›`ªK (concentric)
mshy³ (Conjoint) : RvB‡jg Ges †d¬v‡qg GKB e¨vmv‡a©i Dci GKB ¸‡”Q hy³fv‡e Ae¯’vb Ki‡j Zv‡K mshy³ fv¯‹zjvi evÛj e‡j| mshy³ fv¯‹zjvi
evÛj‡K Avevi `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-
(i) mgcvk¦x©q (Collateral) : GK LÛ †d¬v‡qg wUmy¨ Ges GK LÛ RvB‡jg wUmy¨ GKB e¨vmv‡a© cvkvcvwk Ae¯’vb Ki‡j Zv‡K mgcvk¦x©q mshy³ fv¯‹zjvi
evÛj e‡j| cy®úK Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Û G ai‡bi evÛj †`Lv hvq| GB fv¯‹zjvi evÛj‡K Avevi wbgœwjwLZ `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(a) gy³ mgcvk¦x©q (Open collateral) : GKB e¨vmv‡a© cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z RvB‡jg I †d¬v‡q‡gi ga¨Lv‡b K¨vw¤^qvg _vK‡j Zv‡K gy³ mgcvk¦x©q fv¯‹zjvi
evÛj e‡j| †hgb- wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Ûi fv¯‹zjvi evÛj|
(b)e× mgcvk¦x©q (Closed collateral) : mgcvk¦x©q evÛ‡ji RvB‡jg I †d¬v‡q‡gi ga¨Lv‡b K¨vw¤^qvg bv _vK‡j Zv‡K e× mgcvk¦x©q fv¯‹zjvi evÛj
e‡j| †hgb-GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Ûi fv¯‹zjvi evÛj|
(ii)mgwØcvk¦x©q (Bicollateral) : †h fv¯‹zjvi evÛ‡ji gvSLv‡b RvB‡jg Ges Zvi Dci I wbP Dfq cv‡k `yB LÛ †d¬v‡qg wUmy¨ _v‡K Zv‡K mgwØcvk¦x©q
fv¯‹zjvi evÛj e‡j| jvD, Kzgov BZ¨vw` Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Û mgwØcvk¦x©q fv¯‹zjvi evÛj Dcw¯’Z|
Aixq (Radial) : †h fv¯‹zjvi evÛ‡j RvB‡jg Ges †d¬v‡qg GK‡Î GKwU evÛ‡ji m„wó bv K‡i c„ZK c„_Kfv‡e wfbœ wfbœ e¨vÛ‡ji m„wó K‡i Ges RvB‡jg
evÛj I †d¬v‡qg evÛj wfbœ wfbœ e¨vmv‡a© cvkcvwk Ae¯’vb K‡i Zv‡K Aixq fv¯‹zjvi evÛj e‡j| cy®úK Dw™¢‡ `i gy‡j G ai‡bi fv¯‹zjvi evÛj †`Lv
hvq|
‡Kw›`ªK (Concentric) :RvB‡jg A_ev †d¬v‡qg wUmy¨i †h †Kv‡bv GKwU †K‡›`ª _v‡K Ges Ab¨wU Zv‡K Pviw`K †_‡K wN‡i ivL‡j Zv‡K †Kw›`ªK fv¯‹zjvi
evÛj e‡j| †Kw›`ªK fv¯‹yjvi evÛj‡K wbgœwjwLZ `y fv‡M fvM Ki n‡q‡Q| h_v-
(i)n¨v‡Wªv‡mw›UªK ev RvB‡jg †Kw›`ªK (Hadrocentric) : G †¶‡Î RvB‡jg †K‡›`ª _v‡K Ges ‡d¬v‡qg Zv‡K wN‡i iv‡L| †hgb-Pteris, Lycopodium
BZ¨vw` Dw™¢‡`i fv¯‹zjvi evÛj|
(ii)‡j‡Þv‡mw›UªK ev †d¬v‡qg †Kw›`ªK (Leptocentric) : G †¶‡Î †d¬v‡qg †K‡›`ª _v‡K Ges RvB‡jg Zv‡K wN‡i iv‡L| †hgb-Dracaena Dw™¢‡`i
fv¯‹zjvi evÛj|
GKexRcÎx Dw™¢` g~‡ji AšÍM©VbMZ kbv³Kvix ‰ewkó¨
1.g~jZ¡‡K wKDwUKj Abycw¯’Z| G‡Z GK‡Kvlx †ivg Av‡Q|
2.‡gUvRvB‡jg †K‡›`ªi w`‡K Ges †cÖv‡UvRvB‡jg cwiwai w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
3.RvB‡jg ev †d¬v‡qg ¸‡”Qi msL¨v Q‡qi AwaK (wØexRcÎx Dw™¢` g~‡j GB msL¨v mvaiYZ 2-4wU)|
4.g¾v e„nr|

GKexRcÎx Dw™¢` Kv‡Ûi AšÍM©VbMZ kbv³Kvix

ˆewkó¨
1.ewntZ¡‡K wKDwUKj Dcw¯’Z|
2.AatZ¡K Av‡Q Ges mvaviYZ †¯‹¬‡ibKvBgv wUmy¨ w`‡q MwVZ|
3.fv¯‹zjvi evÛj MÖvDÛ wUmy¨‡Z wew¶ßfv‡e Qov‡bv|
4.‡gUvRvB‡jg cwiwai w`‡K Ges †cÖv‡UvRvB‡jg †K‡›`ªi w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
5.RvB‡jg Y ev V AvK…wZwewkó|
6.fv¯‹zjvi evÛj mshy³ wKš‘ e× (RvB‡jg I †d¬v‡q‡gi g‡a¨ K¨vw¤^qvg †bB)|

Dw™¢‡`i cÖRbb

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
cÖv_wgK Rbb ‡Kvl :
civMgvZ…‡Kv‡l ZLb gv‡qvwmm (meiosis) wefvRb nq, d‡j cÖwZwU wWcø‡qW (2n) civMgvZ…‡Kvl n‡Z PviwU n¨vcø‡qW (n) civM‡iYyi m„wó nq|
U¨v‡cUvg (tapetum) weMwjZ n‡q cwiùywUZ civM‡iYyi cywó mvab K‡i| civMgvZ…‡Kvl n‡Z m„ó PviwU civM‡iYy wewfbœ cÖRvwZ‡Z wewfbœfv‡e mvRv‡bv
_v‡K, Z‡e cwiYZ Ae¯’vq civM‡iYy¸‡jv ci¯úi Avjv`v n‡q hvq|
Orchidaceae, Asclepiadaceae Gme †Mv‡Îi Dw™¢‡`i civM‡iYy c„_K bv n‡q GKmv‡_ _v‡K| GKmv‡_ _vKv civM‡iYy¸‡jvi G we‡kl MVb‡K
cwjwbqvg (pollinium) e‡j|
civM‡iYy, civMbvwjKv, cysM¨vwgU-G¸‡jvi m¤^‡q MwVZ n‡jv cysM¨vwg‡UvdvBU, hv AZ¨šÍ ¶z`ª Ges †¯úv‡ivdvB‡Ui Dci wbf©ikxj|
wW¤^‡Ki cwiùzUb :
wW¤^K (ovule) m„wó nq Mf©vk‡qi wfZ‡i Agiv (placenta) n‡Z|
wWcø‡qW ¯¿x‡iYy gvZ…‡KvlwU gv‡qvwmm cÖwµqvi wef³ n‡q PviwU n¨vcø‡qW ¯¿x‡iYy (megaspore) ˆZix K‡i| PviwU ¯¿x‡iYyi g‡a¨ AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB wZbwU
bó n‡q hvq Ges GKwU (wb‡PiwU) Kvh©Ki nq|
¯¿xM¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui (Female gametophyte) MVb I cwiùzUb :
¯¿x‡iYy (megaspore) n‡jv ¯¿xM¨vwg‡UvdvBU Gi cÖ_g †Kvl|
åyY_wji MVb cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi| h_v-
(i) g‡bv‡¯úvwiK (monosporic) G‡¶‡Î GKwU ¯¿x‡iYy åyY_wj MV‡b AskMÖnY K‡i,
(ii) evB‡¯úvwiK (bisporic) G‡¶‡Î `ywU ¯¿x‡iYy åyY_wj MV‡b AskMÖnY K‡i Ges
(iii) †UUªv‡¯úvwiK (tetrasporic) G †¶‡Î PviwU ¯¿x‡iYyB åyY_wj MV‡b AskMÖnY K‡i|
kZKiv cÖvq 75wU Dw™¢‡`B g‡bv‡¯úvwiK cÖwµqvq åƒY_wj MwVZ nq| ZvB GLv‡b åyY_wj MV‡bi g‡bv‡¯úvwiK cÖwµqvB eY©bv Kiv n‡jv| GwU Polygomum
aib wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ|
åyY_wj Ges G‡Z Aew¯’Z wW¤^vYy, mvnvh¨Kvix wbDwK¬qvm, cÖwZcv` wbDwK¬qvm Ges †m‡KÛvix wbDwK¬qvm‡K wgwjZfv‡e ¯¿xM¨vwg‡UvdvBU ejv nq| wW¤^‡Ki
g‡a¨ ¯¿xM¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui DrcwË N‡U| ¯¿xM¨vwg‡UvdvBU †¯úv‡ivdvB‡Ui Dci wbf©ikxj|
åyY_wj‡Z wW¤^vYyi mv‡_ GKwU †MŠY wbDwK¬qv‡mi mv‡_ GKwU ïµvYyi wgjb :
cysM¨vwgUwU †m‡KÛvix wbDwK¬qv‡mi mv‡_ wgwjZ I GKxf~Z nq| G cÖKvi wgjb‡K wÎwgjb (triple fusion) e‡j|
wØwb‡lawµqv ev wØwb‡lK (Double fertilization)
GKB mg‡q wW¤^vYyi mv‡_ GKwU cysM¨vwg‡Ui wgjb I †m‡KÛvix wbDwK¬qv‡mi mv‡_ Aci cysM¨vwg‡Ui wgjb cÖwµqv‡K wØwb‡lwµqv (double
fertilization) ev wØMf©vavb Dw™¢‡`i we‡kl ˆewkó¨ (bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i Ephedra- †Z wØwb‡lK Avwe®‹„Z nq 1990 mv‡j GwU e¨wZµg)|
wb‡l‡Ki ci Mf©vkq (wW¤^vkq) Ges wW¤^‡Ki wewfbœ cwieZ©b
wb‡l‡Ki Av‡M wb‡l‡Ki c‡i
1| Mf©vkq 1| dj
2| Mf©vkq cÖvPxi 2| djZ¡K
3| wW¤^K 3| exR
4| wW¤^K ewntZ¡K ev G·vBb 4| †U÷v (exR ewntZ¡K)
5| wW¤^K AšÍtZ¡K ev B›UvBb 5| †UM‡gb (exR AšÍtZ¡K)
6| wbD‡mjvm ev åyY‡cvlK wUmy¨ 6| AwaKvsk †¶‡Î wbt‡kl n‡q hvq, wKwÂr _vK‡j Zv †cwi¯úvg© nq
7| wW¤^vYy ev GM 7| åyY (embryo)
8| †m‡KÛvix wbDwK¬qvm 8| G‡Ûv¯úvg© ev mm¨

cvi‡_‡bv‡R‡bwmm (Parthenogenesis) ev AcysRwb

†h cÖRbb cÖwµqvq wW¤^vYywU wb‡lK QvovB åæY m„wó K‡i Ges wW¤^K ¯^vfvweK ex‡R cwiYZ nq Zv‡K cvi‡_‡bv‡R‡bwmm ev AcysRwb e‡j| ni‡gvb cÖ‡qv‡M
exRnxb dj Drcv`b cÖwµqv‡K cvi‡_‡bvKvwc© (parthenocarpy) e‡j| D`vniY-‡jey, Kgjv‡jey cÖf„wZ|
cvi‡_‡bv‡R‡bwmm cÖavbZ `yÕcÖKvi| h_v :
n¨vcø‡qW cvi‡_‡bv‡R‡bwmm (Haploid Parthenogenesis) :
Orchis maculata Dw™¢‡` Awbwl³ wW¤^vYy †_‡K n¨vcø‡qW Dw™¢` m„wó nq|

wWcø‡qW cvi‡_‡bv‡R‡bwmm (Diploid Parthenogenesis) :

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১
 Exclusive DU Suggestion www.eshosikhi.com EPP
Parthenium argentatum I Taraxacum albidum Dw™¢‡` wWcø‡qW cvi‡_‡bv‡R‡bwmm n‡Z †`Lv hvq|

A¨v‡cv‡¯úvwi (Apospory)
wW¤^‡Ki †`n‡Kvl †_‡K m„ó wWcø‡qW åæY_wji wWcø‡qW wW¤^vYywU n‡Z wb‡lK QvovB åæY m„wói cÖwµqv‡K ejv nq A¨v‡cv‡¯úvwi| Hieracium Dw™¢‡` Giæc
n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
wW¤^‡Ki wW¤^K Z¡K ev wbD‡mjv‡mi †h †Kv‡bv †Kvl n‡Z åæY_wj MVb QvovB åæY m„wói cÖwµqv‡K ejv nq A¨vW‡fbwUwUf Ggeªv‡qvwb (adventitive
embryony)|
A¨v‡cvM¨vwg (Apogamy) : wW¤^vYy Qvov åæY_wji Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv †Kvl †_‡K åæY m„wói cÖwµqv‡K A¨v‡cvM¨vwg e‡j| Allium- G Giæc j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
RxecÖhyw³
RxecÖhyw³ : ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR (RxecÖhyw³) kãwU AvR †_‡K eû c~‡e© 1919 mv‡j cÖ_g e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb nv‡½ixq K…wl cÖ‡KŠkjx Kvj© G‡iwK (Karl
Ereky)|
wRb cÖ‡KŠkjMZ †h cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv Rx‡ei DNA- †Z Kvw•LZ MvVwbK cwieZ©b Avbv hvq Zv‡K wiKw¤^‡b›U DNA cÖhyw³ e‡j|
cøvmwgW (Plasmid) :
 †µv‡gv‡mvg ewnf~©Z e„ËvKvi DNA AYy‡K cøvmwgW ejv nq| Laderberg (1952) E. coli e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kv‡l me©cÖ_g cøvmwg‡Wi mÜvb cvb|
cøvmwW‡gi DNA AYy ¯^vaxbfv‡e Abywjcb (replicate) Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cøvmwg‡Wi cÖKvi‡f`
cøvmwgW cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi| h_v :
F Ges F cøvmwgW : Gme cøvmwgW GKwU e¨vK‡Uwiqv †_‡K Ab¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z †R‡bwUK Dcv`vb ¯’vbvšÍi Kivi Rb¨ `vqx| F(fertility). F cøvmwgW
e¨vK‡Uwiqv †`‡n Pili ˆZix K‡i, hv †hŠbRb‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|
R- cøvmwgW :Gme cøvmwg‡W A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK ¶gZvm¤úbœ wRb _v‡K R 6 cøvmwgW 6wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv m¤úbœ|
‡Kvj cøvmwgW :†h me cøvmwg‡W †Kvwjwmb (Colicin) Drcv`bKvix wRb _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K †Kvj cøvmwgW e‡j| †Kvwjwmb GK ai‡bi †cÖvwUb hv ms‡e`bkxj
E. coli †Kvl‡K aŸsm Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kvj cøvmwg‡Wi mgZzj¨ Av‡iK ai‡bi cøvmwgW Av‡Q hv‡Z wfweªIwmb (Vibriocin) Drcv`bKvix wRb _v‡K|
wfweªIwmb ms‡e`bkxj Vibrio cholerae †Kvl‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q|

avcmg~‡ni eY©bv
‡iw÷ªKkb GbRvBg (Restriction enzyme) :
†h GbRvBg cÖ‡qvM K‡i DNA AYyi mywbw`©ó wmKz‡qÝ Gi GKwU Ask †K‡U ‡bqv hvq H GbRvBg‡K †iw÷ªKkb GbRvBg e‡j| G‡`i‡K †iw÷ªKkb
G‡ÛvwbDwK¬‡q‡mm (endonucleases) I ejv nq| Giv DNA AYyi GKwU mywbw`©÷ wmKy‡qÝ, _v‡K †iw÷ªKkb mvBU ejv nq, Zv †K‡U w`‡Z m¶g|

wRb ‡K¬vwbs (Gene

cloning)
wRb ‡K¬vwbs (Gene cloning) :†Kv‡bv Kvw•LZ wRb‡K ûeû Kwc Kiv ev msL¨ve„w× KivB wRb †K¬vwbs|

Bbmy¨wjb ( Insulin)
Bbmy¨wjb GKwU ni‡gvb hv AMœ¨vk‡qi (Pancreas) weUv †Kvl n‡Z wbtm„Z nq Ges i‡³ we`¨gvb Møy‡Kv‡Ri D”P gvÎv‡K Kwg‡q ¯^vfvweK gvÎvq wb‡q
Av‡m|
†Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y AMœ¨vkq n‡Z Bbmy¨wjb wbtm„Z bv n‡j A_ev Kg wbtm„Z n‡j A_ev wbtm„Z Bbmy¨wjb AKvh©Ki n‡j i‡³ Møy‡Kv‡Ri gvÎv †e‡o hvq, A_©vr
Wvqv‡ewUm †ivM nq|
Bbmy¨wjb 51wU A¨vgvB‡bv A¨vwmW wb‡q MwVZ ¶z`ªvKvi mij †cÖvwUb| `ywU cwj‡ccUvBW †PBb (21wU A¨vgvB‡bv A¨vwmW wb‡q MwVZ †PBb-A Ges 30wU
A¨vgvB‡bv A¨vwmW wb‡q MwVZ †PBb-B) `ywU WvBmvjdvBW e‡Ûi gva¨‡g mshy³ n‡q GKwU Bbmy¨wjb AYy MVb K‡i|
B›Uvi‡dibm (Interferons):
B›Uvi‡dibm n‡jv †cÖvwUb RvZxq ivmvqwbK cÖwZi¶vg~jK A¯¿ (chemical defence) hv †`‡ni BwgDb wm‡÷‡gi AšÍM©Z| B›Uvi‡dib n‡jv cÖwZi¶vg~jK
†cÖvwUb (defence protein)|

সাগজশনটি িই আকাগর কুবরয়াগরর মাধ্যগম পেগত আমাগের পেসিুক পেগজ (https://www.facebook.com/eshosikhi.bd)

মযাগসজ করুন অথিা কল করুনঃ ০১৯৬২ ৭০ ৮০ ৯১