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Chapter 2

The document outlines the 14 Learner-Centered Psychological Principles developed by the American Psychological Association, which are categorized into four factors: cognitive and metacognitive, motivational and affective, developmental and social, and individual differences. It emphasizes the importance of understanding how these principles influence the learning process and encourages the application of these principles in educational settings. Additionally, it includes activities for students to engage with the material, such as creating a speech and a poster on the principles.

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7 views3 pages

Chapter 2

The document outlines the 14 Learner-Centered Psychological Principles developed by the American Psychological Association, which are categorized into four factors: cognitive and metacognitive, motivational and affective, developmental and social, and individual differences. It emphasizes the importance of understanding how these principles influence the learning process and encourages the application of these principles in educational settings. Additionally, it includes activities for students to engage with the material, such as creating a speech and a poster on the principles.

Uploaded by

ruizphilip830
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROF.ED.

321 – FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

CHAPTER 1. LEARNER-
CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL (LCP) PRINCIPLES

Learning Outcome:
 Explain the 14 learner-centered psychological principles
 Apply the different learner-centered factors in the fields of education

Pre-Activity
Study the title of your lesson “Learner-Centered Psychological Principles”. Write
down at least five words that you think is associated with the title. Then review each
word and write a sentence why you think that word can be associated with LCP.

LEARNER-CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES


The Learner-Centered Psychological Principles was made and crafted by the
American Psychological Association (APA). The LCP is consists of 14 principles that
involves the learner and the whole learning process.
The 14 principles are grouped into four factors namely;
1. Cognitive and Metacognitive
2. Motivational and Affective
3. Developmental and Social
4. Individual differences

Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors


1. Nature of the learning process
The learning of a complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional process of
constructing meaning from information and experience.
2. Goals of the learning process.
The successful learner, time and with support and instructional guidance, can create meaningful,
coherent representations of knowledge.
3. Construction of knowledge
The successful learner can link new information with knowledge in meaningful ways.
4. Strategic thinking
The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve
complex learning goals.
5. Thinking about thinking.
Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and critical
thinking.
6. Context of learning
Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including culture, technology and instructional
practices.
Motivational and Affective Factors
7. Motivational and emotional influences on learning.
What and how much is learned is influenced by the learner's motivation. Motivation to learn, in turn, is
influenced by the individual's emotional states, beliefs, interests and goals, and habits of thinking.
8. Intrinsic motivation to learn
The learner's creativity, higher order thinking, and natural curiosity all contribute to motivation to learn.
Intrinsic motivation is stimulated by tasks of optimal novelty and difficulty, relevant to personal
interests, and providing for personal choice and control.

Prepared and Compiled by: JOEWALT T. GALLEGO II


Instructor
PROF.ED. 321 – FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

9. Effects of motivation on effort.


Acquisition of complex Knowledge and skills requires extended learner effort and guided practice.
Without learners' motivation to learn, the willingness to exert this effort is unlikely without coercion.
Developmental and Social Factors
10. Developmental influences on learning
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities and constraints for learning. Learning is most
effective when differential development within and across physical, intellectual, emotional and social
domains is taken into account.
11. Social influences on learning
Learning is influenced by social interactions, interpersonal relations and communication with others.
Individual Differences Factors
12. Individual differences in learning
Learners have different strategies, approaches and capabilities for learning that are a function of prior
experience and heredity. Individuals are born with and develop their own capabilities and talents.
13. Learning and diversity
Learning is most effective when differences in learners' linguistic, cultural and social backgrounds are
taken into account.
14. Standards and assessment
Setting appropriately high and challenging standards and assessing the learner as well as learning
progress - including diagnostic process and outcome assessment learning process - are integral
parts of the learning process.

Alexander and Murphy gave a summary of the 14 principles and distilled them
into five areas:
1. The knowledge base. One's existing knowledge serves as the foundation of all future learning.
The learner's previous knowledge will influence new learning specifically on how he represents new
information, makes associations and filters new experiences.
2. Strategic processing and control. Learners can develop skills to reflect and regulate their
thoughts and behaviors in order to learn more effectively (metacognition).
3. Motivation and affect. Factors such as intrinsic motivation (from within), reasons for wanting to
learn, personal goals and enjoyment of learning tasks have a crucial role in the learning process.
4. Development and Individual Differences. Learning is a unique journey for each person because
each learner has his own unique combination of genetic and environmental factors that influence him.
5. Situation or context. Learning happens in the context of a society as well as within an individual.

SHOW YOURSELF!
Make a 2 to 3-minute speech on how can you advocate the use of the 14 Learning-
Centered Psychological Principles. Record yourself and wait for further instructions
from your instructor on how to submit your output.

ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITY
Find and Read supplementary information about the 14 Learner-Centered
Psychological Principles and make a poster about it.
Submit your completed work by capturing it through Cam Scanner and turn it in at
your Google Classroom.

Reference/s:

Prepared and Compiled by: JOEWALT T. GALLEGO II


Instructor
PROF.ED. 321 – FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

Corpuz, Brenda B., & Lucas, Maria Rita D., (2020)


Facilitating Teacher-Centered Teaching, 5th Ed., Lorimar Publishing Inc.,
Quezon City, Metro Manila

Prepared and Compiled by: JOEWALT T. GALLEGO II


Instructor

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