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ASP.NET AJAX in Action
ASP.NET AJAX
in Action
ALESSANDRO GALLO
DAVID BARKOL
RAMA KRISHNA VAVILALA

MANNING
Greenwich
(74° w. long.)
For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, please visit
www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity.
For more information, please contact:
Special Sales Department
Manning Publications Co.
Sound View Court 3B fax: (609) 877-8256
Greenwich, CT 06830 email: [email protected]

©2008 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in

any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written
permission of the publisher.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning
Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps
or all caps.

Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to have
the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end.

Manning Publications Co. Copyeditor: Tiffany Taylor

Sound View Court 3B Typesetter: Gordan Salinovic
Greenwich, CT 06830 Cover designer: Leslie Haimes

ISBN 1-933988-14-2
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – MAL – 13 12 11 10 09 08 07
 To those who wait
—A.G.

To my wife and best friend, Emily

—D.B.

To my parents, for making me who I am!

—R.K.V.
 brief contents
PART 1 ASP.NET AJAX BASICS ................................................1
1 ■ Introducing ASP.NET AJAX 3
2 ■ First steps with the Microsoft Ajax Library 36
3 ■ JavaScript for Ajax developers 73
4 ■ Exploring the Ajax server extensions 114
5 ■ Making asynchronous network calls 141
6 ■ Partial-page rendering with UpdatePanels 194

PART 2 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES ...........................................229

7 ■ Under the hood of the UpdatePanel 231
8 ■ ASP.NET AJAX client components 264
9 ■ Building Ajax-enabled controls 299
10 ■ Developing with the Ajax Control Toolkit 332

vii
viii BRIEF CONTENTS

PART 3 ASP.NET AJAX FUTURES .........................................371

11 ■ XML Script 373
12 ■ Dragging and dropping 410

PART 4 MASTERING ASP.NET AJAX .....................................441

13 ■ Implementing common Ajax patterns 443
 contents
forewords xvii
preface xxi
acknowledgments xxiii
about this book xxv
about the authors xxxi
about the title xxxii
about the cover illustration xxxiii

PART 1 ASP.NET AJAX BASICS ..................................... 1

1 Introducing ASP.NET AJAX

1.1 What is Ajax? 4
3

Ajax components 5 ■ Asynchronous web programming 7

The XMLHttpRequest object 10 ■ Ajax development issues 14
1.2 ASP.NET AJAX architecture 15
Client framework 16 ■ Server framework 19 ■ Client-centric
development model 20 ■ Server-centric development model 21
ASP.NET AJAX goals 22
1.3 ASP.NET AJAX in action 23
Simple server-centric solution 23 ■ UpdateProgress control 28
Simple client-centric example 30
1.4 Summary 34
ix
x CONTENTS

2 First steps with the Microsoft Ajax Library 36

2.1 A quick overview of the library 37
Library features 37 ■ Ajax-enabling an ASP.NET
page 39 ■ Script versions 40
2.2 The Application model 42
Client components 43 ■ Client-page lifecycle 44 ■ “Hello
Microsoft Ajax!” 45
2.3 Working with the DOM 48
The abstraction API 48 ■ A dynamic, cross-browser text box 49
CSS and positioning 53 ■ Client delegates 54
$addHandlers and $clearHandlers 56 ■ Callbacks 57
2.4 Making development with JavaScript easier 58
The String object 58 Sys.StringBuilder 59 The Array
■ ■

object 61 ■ Globalization 63 ■ Browser detection 65

Debugging 66 ■ Typed errors 69
2.5 Summary 72

3 JavaScript for Ajax developers 73

3.1 Working with objects 74
Objects 75 Arrays 76 ■ Functions 77 ■ Creating custom
■

objects 81 ■ The prototype object 82 ■ Extending a JavaScript

type 83 ■ Literals 85
3.2 Working with JSON 86
JSON structures 86 ■ JSON and the Microsoft Ajax Library 88
3.3 Classes in JavaScript 89
Client classes 89 ■ The registerClass method 90
Properties 91 ■ Namespaces 93
3.4 Understanding inheritance 95
Prototype-based inheritance 95 ■ Passing arguments to the base
class 97 ■ Overrides 98
3.5 Understanding interfaces and enumerations 99
Interfaces 99 ■ Enumerations 101
3.6 Using type reflection 104
Reflection methods 104 ■ Object typing 105 ■ Building
a simple class browser 106
 CONTENTS xi

3.7 Working with events 108

Exposing an event 109 ■ Subscribing to and
handling events 112
3.8 Summary 113

4 Exploring the Ajax server extensions 114

4.1 Ajax for ASP.NET developers 115
What are the Ajax server extensions? 115
4.2 Enhancing an existing ASP.NET site 116
A sample ASP.NET site 117 ■ Configuring an existing
ASP.NET site 118
4.3 ScriptManager: the brains of an Ajax page 120
Understanding the ScriptManager 121 ■ Deploying
JavaScript files 122 ■ Registering services 123
Localization 124 ■ Using the
ScriptManagerProxy 126
4.4 Partial-page updates 127
Introducing the UpdatePanel control 128 ■ More
UpdatePanels 131 ■ Insert feedback here 133 ■ Working
with a timer 135 ■ Error handling 138
4.5 Summary 140

5 Making asynchronous network calls 141

5.1 Working with ASP.NET Web Services 142
Configuring a web service 143 ■ Invoking web service
methods from JavaScript 146 ■ Managing complex
types 150 ■ Using HTTP GET 158
Page methods 159
5.2 The asynchronous communication layer 160
A simple WebRequest 161 ■ The executor 162
WebRequestManager 163 ■ Handling errors 163
5.3 Consuming external Web Services 166
The script technique 167 Cross-domain calls through the
■

server 168 ■ Mash-it-up with ASP.NET AJAX 169

Bridges 175
xii CONTENTS

5.4 Using ASP.NET application services 183

Enabling ASP.NET application services 183 ■ Authentication
service 184 ■ Profile 187 ■ Roles: an Orcas preview 191
Message board application 192
5.5 Summary 193

6 Partial-page rendering with UpdatePanels 194

6.1 With great power comes great responsibility
Evolution of the UpdatePanel 195 ■
195
A simple example 196
6.2 Getting to know the UpdatePanel 201
Content for the UpdatePanel 201 ■ Update modes 203 ■ Render
modes 205 ■ ASP.NET page lifecycle 207
6.3 Triggers 208
Asynchronous triggers 208 ■ Postback triggers 210
Manual triggers 211
6.4 Advanced techniques 213
Repeating UpdatePanels 213 ■ Nesting UpdatePanels 216
6.5 Live GridView filter 216
Live GridView filter goals 217 ■ How does the GridView
filter work? 218 ■ Adding Ajax to the GridView filter 223
It’s alive! 224
6.6 Summary 227

PART 2 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES ................................. 229

7 Under the hood of the UpdatePanel 231

7.1 The PageRequestManager: the unsung hero
The client-side event model 233 ■
232
The anatomy of an
asynchronous postback 236
7.2 A client-side event viewer 243
Getting started 244 ■ Handling client-side events 245
Aborting a postback 250 ■ Managing postback priority 251
Notifying the user 252 ■ Locked and loaded 253 ■ Client-side
error handling 255
 CONTENTS xiii

7.3 UpdatePanel cookbook 256

Why is the UpdatePanel slow? 256 ■ Inject JavaScript during a
partial postback 258 ■ Getting the validators to work 260
Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManagerParseErrorException 261
7.4 Caveats and limitations 262
Asynchronous requests are sequential 263 ■ Unsupported
ASP.NET 2.0 controls 263
7.5 Summary 263

8 ASP.NET AJAX client components 264

8.1 The client component model 265
Visual and nonvisual components 267 ■ Controls and
behaviors 268 ■ Component lifecycle 268 ■ Containers 269
8.2 Working with client components 270
Creating components 273 ■ Accessing components 276 ■ Events
and property change notification 276
8.3 Behaviors 279
Sys.UI.Behavior 280 ■ Creating behaviors 281 ■ Accessing
behaviors 281 ■ Enhancing a text box element 282
8.4 Controls 287
Sys.UI.Control 287 ■ Creating controls 288 ■ Accessing
controls 289 ■ Creating an element wrapper: text box 289
Creating a PhotoGallery control 292
8.5 Summary 298

9 Building Ajax-enabled controls 299

9.1 Script descriptors 300
Script descriptor hierarchy 300 ■ Describing a behavior 302
Describing a control 304 ■ Script references 306
9.2 Introduction to Ajax-enabled controls 306
How Ajax-enabled controls work 307 ■ Extenders and
script controls 308
9.3 Extenders 311
The IExtenderControl interface 311 ■ Extender registration 312
An extender for FormattingBehavior 313 ■ Using an extender 316
xiv CONTENTS

9.4 Script controls 319

The IScriptControl interface 319 ■ Script control
registration 320 ■ Design strategies 322 ■ Adding Ajax to the
ASP.NET Login control 322 ■ Using a script control 328
9.5 Summary 330

10 Developing with the Ajax Control Toolkit 332

10.1 A world of extenders 333
The auto-complete extender 334 ■ The ScriptPath property 340
The BehaviorID property 340
10.2 The Ajax Control Toolkit API 343
The Toolkit’s base classes 343 A metadata-driven API 345
■

Building Toolkit extenders: the TextChanged extender 347

Support for Visual Studio Designer 355
10.3 Animations 357
Toolkit animation framework 357 ■ Animation basics 359
Using the AnimationExtender 360 ■ The UpdatePanelAnimation
extender 364 ■ JSON and animations: adding transitions to the
PhotoGallery control 365
10.4 Summary 369

PART 3 ASP.NET AJAX FUTURES ............................... 371

11 XML Script 373

11.1 XML Script basics
Hello XML Script! 375
374
■ Controls and XML Script 378 ■ From
XML Script to JavaScript 382 ■ Type descriptors 383
11.2 Actions 386
SetPropertyAction 387 ■ PostBackAction 389
InvokeMethodAction 389 ■ Custom actions 394
11.3 Bindings 398
A simple binding 398 ■ Binding direction 400 ■ Target and data
path 401 ■ Bindings as components 402 ■ Transformers 404
Playing with transformers 405 ■ Custom transformers 408
11.4 Summary 409
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 THE LINWOODS.

The Linwoods; or, "Sixty Years Since" in America. By the Author of

"Hope Leslie," "Redwood," &c. New York: Published by Harper and
Brothers.

Miss Sedgwick is one among the few American writers who have
risen by merely their own intrinsic talents, and without the a priori
aid of foreign opinion and puffery, to any exalted rank in the
estimation of our countrymen. She is at the same time fully
deserving of all the popularity she has attained. By those who are
most fastidious in matters of literary criticism, the author of Hope
Leslie is the most ardently admired, and we are acquainted with few
persons of sound and accurate discrimination who would hesitate in
placing her upon a level with the best of our native novelists. Of
American female writers we must consider her the first. The
character of her pen is essentially feminine. No man could have
written Hope Leslie; and no man, we are assured, can arise from the
perusal of The Linwoods without a full conviction that his own
abilities would have proved unequal to the delicate yet picturesque
handling; the grace, warmth, and radiance; the exquisite and
judicious filling in, of the volumes which have so enchanted him.
Woman is, after all, the only true painter of that gentle and beautiful
mystery, the heart of woman. She is the only proper Scheherazade
for the fairy tales of love.

We think The Linwoods superior to Hope Leslie, and superior to

Redwood. It is full of deep natural interest, rivetting attention
without undue or artificial means for attaining that end. It contains
nothing forced, or in any degree exaggerated. Its prevailing features
are equability, ease, perfect accuracy and purity of style, a manner
never at outrance with the subject matter, pathos, and verisimilitude.
It cannot, however, be considered as ranking with the master novels
of the day. It is neither an Eugene Aram, nor a Contarini Fleming.

The Linwoods has few—indeed no pretensions to a connected plot of

any kind. The scene, as the title indicates, is in America, and about
sixty years ago. The adventures of the family of a Mr. Linwood, a
resident of New York, form the principal subject of the book. The
character of this gentleman is happily drawn, but we are aware of a
slight discrepancy between his initial and his final character as
depicted. He has two children, Herbert and Isabella. Being himself a
tory, the boyish impulses of his son in favor of the revolutionists are
watched with anxiety and vexation; and, upon the breaking out of
the war, Herbert, positively refusing to drink the king's health, is, in
consequence, ejected from his father's house—an incident upon
which hinges much of the interest of the narrative. Isabella is the
heroine proper; a being full of lofty and generous impulses,
beautiful, intellectual, and spirituelle—indeed a most fascinating
creature. But the family of a widow Lee forms, perhaps, the true
secret of that charm which pervades the novel before us. A matronly,
pious, and devoted mother, yielding up her son, without a murmur,
to the sacred cause of her country—the son, Eliot, gallant,
thoughtful, chivalrous, and prudent—and above all, a daughter,
Bessie, frail-minded, susceptible of light impressions, gentle, loving,
and melancholy. Indeed, in the creation of Bessie Lee, Miss
Sedgwick has given evidence not to be disputed, of a genius far
more than common. We do not hesitate to call it a truly beautiful
and original conception, evincing imagination of the highest order. It
is the old story of a meek and trusting spirit bowed down to the dust
by the falsehood of a deceiver. But in the narration of Miss Sedgwick
it becomes a magical tale, and bursts upon us with all the freshness
of novel emotion. Deserted by her lover, (Jasper Meredith, an
accomplished and aristocratical coxcomb,) the spirits of the gentle
girl sink gradually from trusting affection to simple hope—from hope
to anxiety—from anxiety to doubt—from doubt to melancholy—and
from melancholy to madness. She escapes from her home and her
friends in New England, and endeavors to make her way alone to
New York, with the object of restoring, to him who has abandoned
her, some tokens he had given her of his love—an act which her
disordered fancy assures her will effect, in her own person, a
disenthralment from passion. Her piety, her madness, and her
beauty stand her in the stead of the lion of Una, and she reaches the
great city in safety. In that portion of the novel which embodies the
narrative of this singular journey, are some passages of the purest
and most exalted poetry—passages which no mind but one
thoroughly imbued with the spirit of the beautiful could have
conceived, and which, perhaps, no other writer in this country than
Miss Sedgwick could have executed. Our readers will find that what
we say upon this head is very far from exaggeration.

Jasper Meredith, considered as an actual entity, is, as we have

already said, a heartless, calculating coxcomb—with merely a spice
of what we may call susceptibility to impressions of the beautiful, to
redeem him from utter contempt. As a character in a novel, he is
admirable—because he is accurately true to nature, and to himself.
His perfidy to Bessie (we shall never forget Bessie) meets with
poetical justice in a couple of unsuccessful courtships, (in each of
which the villain's heart is in some degree concerned,) and in a final
marriage with a flirt, Helen Ruthven, who fills him up, with a
vengeance, the full measure of his deserts. Mrs. Meredith is a
striking picture of the heartless and selfish woman of fashion and
aristocracy. Kisel, the servant of Eliot Lee, is original, and, next to
Bessie, the best conception in the book. He is a simple, childish, yet
acute and affectionate fool, who follows his master as would a dog,
and finally dies at his feet under circumstances of the truest pathos.
While Miss Sedgwick can originate such characters as these, she
need apprehend few rivals near the throne.

We cannot pass over in silence a little episode in which a blind child

is torn away at night from a distracted mother, by one of the
notorious bands of Skinners infesting the country. The mother's
house is set on fire by the robbers, in their search after plunder; but
her most valuable property having been previously removed to New
York, the exasperated ruffians seize and bear off the fainting child,
with the view of extorting money for its ransom. Eliot Lee, aided by
General Putnam, rescues the child, and restores it to the mother.
This whole incident is worthy of Miss Sedgwick.

We have mentioned the name of Putnam,—he as well as

Washington, Lafayette, Clinton, and some other well-known
personages are familiarly introduced in the narrative, but are simply
accessories to the main interest, and very little attempt is made at
portraying their historical characters. Whatever is done, however, is
well done.

So much real pleasure have we derived from the perusal of The

Linwoods, that we can hardly find it in our hearts to pick a quarrel
with the fair author, for the very few trifling inadvertences into which
she has been betrayed. There were, we believe, some points at
which we intended to cavil, but hot having pencilled them down in
the course of perusal, they have now escaped our recollection.
Somewhat more energy in occasional passages—somewhat less
diffuseness in others—would operate, we think, to the improvement
of Miss Sedgwick's generally excellent style. Now and then, we meet
with a discrepancy between the words and the character of a
speaker. For example: page 38, vol. i. "'No more of my contempt for
the Yankees, Hal, an' thou lovest me,' replied Jasper; 'you remember
Æsop's advice to Croesus, at the Persian court?' 'No, I am sure I do
not. You have the most provoking way of resting the lever by which
you bring out your own knowledge, on your friend's ignorance.'"
Now all this is very pretty, but it is not the language of school-boys.
Again: page 226 vol. i. 'Now out on you, you lazy, slavish, loons,'
cried Rose, 'cannot you see these men are raised up, to fight for
freedom, for more than themselves? If the chain is broken at one
end, the links will fall apart sooner or later. When you see the sun on
the mountain top, you may be sure it will shine into the deepest
valleys before long.' Who would suppose this graceful eloquence,
and these impressive images to proceed from the mouth of a negro-
woman? Yet such is Rose. And at page 24, vol. i. we have the
following. "True, I never saw her; but I tell you, young lad, there is
such a thing as seeing the shadow of things far distant and past,
and never seeing the realities though they it be that cast the
shadows." The speaker here, is an old woman who a few sentences
before talks about her proficiency in telling fortins.

There are one or two other trifles with which we have to find fault.
Putnam's deficiency in spelling is, perhaps, a little burlesqued; and
the imaginary note written to Eliot Lee, is not in accordance with
that laconic epistle subsequently introduced, and which was a bonâ
fide existence. We dislike the death of Kisel—that is we dislike its
occurring so soon—indeed we see no necessity for killing him at all.
His end is beautifully managed, but leaves a kind of uneasy and
painful impression, which a judicious writer will be chary of exciting.
We must quarrel also, with some slight liberties taken with the King's
English. Miss Sedgwick has no good authority for the use of such
verbs, as "to ray." Page 117, vol. i. "They had all heard of Squire
Saunders, whose fame rayed through a large circle"—Also, in page
118, vol. i. "The next morning he called, his kind heart raying out
through his jolly face, to present me to General Washington." Nor is
she justifiable in making use of the verb "incense," with the meaning
attached to it in the following sentence. Page 211, vol. i. "Miss
Ruthven seemed like an humble worshipper, incensing two
divinities." We dislike also, the vulgarity of such a phrase as "I put in
my oar"—meaning "I joined in the conversation"—especially in the
mouth of so well-bred a lady, as Miss Isabella Linwood—see page
61, vol. i. We do not wish either to see a marquee, called a
"markee," or a dénouement, a denoeument. Miss Sedgwick should
look over her proof-sheets, or, be responsible for the blunders of her
printer. The plural "genii" at page 84, vol. ii. is used in place of the
singular genius. "Isabella is rather penseroso" is likewise an error—
see page 164, vol. ii.; it should be penserosa. But we are heartily
ashamed of finding fault with such trifles, and should certainly not
have done so, had there been a possibility of finding fault with any
thing of more consequence. We recommend The Linwoods to all
persons of taste. But let none others touch it.
 WESTMINSTER REVIEW.

The Westminster Review, No. XLV, for July, 1835. American Edition,
Vol. IV, No. 1. New York: Theodore Foster.

Article I is "Philanthropic Economy; or the Philosophy of Happiness,

practically applied to the Social, Political, and Commercial Relations
of Great Britain. By Mrs. Loudon, Author of 'First Love,' 'Fortune
Hunting,' and 'Dilemmas of Pride.' London: Churton, 1835. 8vo. pp.
312."

Mrs. Loudon's Economy has excited great attention in England, and

her work is highly lauded in the present instance. As an able and
chivalrous champion of the cause of the people, she deserves all the
encomiums which she has received, and we are not in any degree
disposed to pick a quarrel with her Ethics, which, to say the truth,
are as little to the purpose as her political, or if she pleases, her
philanthropic Economy, is most effectually to the point. We have not
seen her entire publication, but merely judge of it from the copious
extracts in the article before us. Her answer to the objections to the
ballot is forcible, and coming as it does from a lady, its value is
quadrupled in our eyes. The Notice of her book concludes as follows.
"It is plain that Mrs. Loudon is a splendid woman, and has, at one
effort, taken her place in line, among the political economists upon
the people's side. She is fortunate too in having fallen upon times
when 'the spread of education is, in fact, rendering the peaceable
continuance of abuses impossible.'"

Article II is "Venetian History. Family Library, No. XX—London,

Murray, 1833." A compendious History of Venice, and apparently
forced into the service of the Review "will I, nill I," without any
object farther than the emptying of some writer's portfolio, or
common-place book. It is nevertheless an invaluable paper.

Article III is "Memoirs of John Napier of Merchiston, his Lineage,

Life, and Times, with a History of the Invention of Logarithms. By
Mark Napier, Esq. Blackwood, Edinburgh; Cadell, London, 1834. 4to.
pp. 534."

This is a Review of exceeding interest, and evidently from a mind

thoroughly imbued with a love of science. It enters largely into the
subject matter of the book reviewed, and defends Napier from the
often repeated accusation of having derived his principle from the
works of Archimedes, Ditmarsus, and Byrgius. A short account of the
philosopher's treatises on Arithmetic and Algebra, as they appear at
the end of the Memoirs, is given in the conclusion of the Notice. We
perceive that Mr. Napier has here taken occasion to observe that
Horsley, Hutton, Leslie, and Playfair, are mistaken in supposing
Albert Girard the first who made use of the expressions majores
nihilo and minores nihilo in relation to positive and negative
quantities.

Article IV is "An Essay on Musical Intervals, Harmonics, and the

Temperament of the Musical Scale, &c. By W. S. B. Woolhouse, Head
Assistant of the Nautical Almanac Establishment."

This is a short article in which the book under review is condemned

for inaccuracy and misrepresentation. The Essay itself is another
instance of the interest now taken in the mathematics of music.

Article V is "A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Artists: comprising

Painters, Sculptors, Engravers and Architects, from the earliest ages
to the present time. By John Gould—Second Edition, 2 vols. 12mo.
Wilson, Royal Exchange, 1835."

The work in question is spoken of as having been composed

—"conceived, planned, and probably in part executed among lowing
herds and obstinate swine." It is preceded by an historical,
biographical, and professional introduction, apparently of no very
great merit. The Dictionary is called a most laborious, and on the
whole a very successful compilation. "The chief matter of some
hundreds of volumes is condensed into two small duodecimos. As
this is all it aims to do, by this only can it be fairly judged, and not
by any standard of original criticism."

Article VI. "History of Scotland. By Patrick Fraser Tytler, Esq. F. R. S.

E. and F. A. S. Edinburgh. Vols. i–v. 1828–1834."

This critique speaks of Tytler's Scotland as displaying much research,

and considerable skill, as well as impartiality, but the greater part of
the article is taken up in reviewing some of the leading features in
Scottish History.

Article VII.—1. "The Forms of Deeds and Documents in England and

France, compared and exemplified, in a Letter to the Lord
Chancellor. Paris: Galignani. London: Saunders and Benning, 1835."

2. "The Mechanics of Law-making. Intended for the use of

Legislators, and all other persons concerned in the making and
understanding of English Laws. By Arthur Symonds, Esq. London:
Churton, 1835."

The authors of the works here reviewed have attempted to unfold,

and to show the worthlessness of, those technical mysteries which
have so long enveloped the science of Law. The "Forms of Deeds,
&c." is from the pen of Mr. Okey. He gives several examples of
English and French Deeds—printing them on opposite pages. The
difference in conciseness is said to be four to one in favor of the
French, while in clearness they admit of no comparison. The greater
brevity of the French documents is attributed to the existence of a
Code. "The Mechanics of Law making" insists upon the necessity of
reform in the arrangement, language, classification, and contents of
the British Acts of Parliament, and in the agency by which the laws
are 'prepared, made, promulgated, superintended, enforced, and
amended.' The Review is brief—but concurs heartily in the necessity
alluded to.

Article VIII. 1. "Sur les Créances réclamées de la France par la

Russie au nom du Royaume de Pologne. Paris, 1835."

2. "On the Russo-Polish Claims on France. (From the periodical Le

Polonais, published monthly in Paris, by a member of the Polish Diet.
Number for February 1835.")

3. "A few more words on the Polish question, (From Le Polonais—

number for March 1835.")

The author of the work Sur les Créances, enters into an examination
of the titles of which the Russian government avails itself "either to
effect a final settlement, or to claim payment of sums which might
ultimately be proved to be due to the kingdom of Poland." The editor
of Le Polonais is of a family to which Poland is indebted for "several
brilliant exploits, not only in the field of battle, but in the tribute of
the National Assembly." His journal is devoted to the history and
literature of Poland—but more especially to its political interests. The
Review enters into some discussion on the Russo-Polish Claims, and
makes it apparent that the policy of Great Britain is materially
involved, in the Russo-French liquidation. "She has joined"—says the
critic—"in refusing to uphold Russia in the violation of the
constitution and nationality of Poland; Lord Palmerston gave
lengthened and clear explanations on this point to Parliament on the
9th of April, 1833. Tranquilly to stand by, and witness the Russo-
French liquidation, an act which would be equivalent to a passive
acknowledgment on the part of France, of the usurpations of Russia,
would be contrary to the dignity and interest of the British nation."

Article IX—1. "Thoughts upon the Aristocracy of England. By Isaac

Tompkins, Gent. Fifth Edition. London: Henry Hooper, 1835, pp. 23."

2. "A letter to Isaac Tompkins, Gent., author of the Thoughts upon

the Aristocracy. From Mr. Peter Jenkins. Fifth Edition, with a
Postscript. London: Henry Hooper, 1835, pp. 11."

3. "A letter to Isaac Tompkins, and Peter Jenkins on Primogeniture.

By Timothy Winterbottom. Fourth Edition. London: William Pickering,
1835."

From the specimens of these Pamphlets, given in the Review before

us, we are inclined to think them excessively amusing. Mr. Isaac
Tompkins busies himself with the House of Lords, and Mr. Peter
Jenkins gives the lash to the House of Commons. Mr. T's account of
patrician taste in literature and wit—of courts, courtiers, court-
jesters, buffoonery, &c. are not a little edifying. His book has created
a great sensation. In a note appended to the fourth edition, occur
the following significant remarks. "The Quarterly Review, the organ
of the Aristocratic Church, and of the Lay Aristocracy, has taken the
opportunity of printing the greater part of the work, under pretence
of giving a Review of it. Pretence it plainly is; for there is hardly one
remark added, and not one syllable of censure or objection! Can any
thing more plainly demonstrate that the cause of the Aristocracy is
hateful, even to the very writers who affect to support it? Can any
thing better prove its decline among all educated and sensible men?
Mr. Canning's abhorrence of it is well known, and so is the hatred
with which he was repaid. But in our time, the advocate of
establishments can think of nothing better than giving a very wide
circulation to Mr. J. Tompkins' observations. These Quarterly
Reviewers would not for the world, that these observations were not
generally known." Peter Jenkins concludes his pamphlet with some
remarks on the new liberal government. Winterbottom's letter treats
chiefly of the evils resulting from the accumulation of wealth in a few
hands. "The whole family of Tompkins &c. is good"—says the
Reviewer—"and the public, will be glad to see more of their kin and
kind."

Article X. "The History of Ireland. By Thomas Moore, Esq. In three

volumes. Vol. i. London: Longman & Co. 1835."
This is an excellent and very laudatory notice, of a work which
cannot be too highly commended. The difficulties Mr. Moore has
overcome, in reducing to order a chaotic discordance of materials,
with a view to this History, will, perhaps, never be fully appreciated.
It cannot indeed be asserted that every portion of his subject has
been hitherto uninvestigated, or, that all the questions he has
discussed have been satisfactorily settled; but that, under existing
circumstances, such a book should have been written at all, is a
matter for admiration—and that it has been so rationally, so lucidly,
and so critically written, is a fact which cannot fail to elevate its
author immeasurably in the estimation of his friends. The future
volumes of The History of Ireland, will be looked for with intense
interest. In them we may expect to find the records of a dark and
troubled period. Moore will speak fearlessly, or we are much
mistaken.

Article XI. "A Bill for granting Relief in relation to the Celebration of
Marriages, to certain persons dissenting from the Church of England
and Ireland, 1835."

The Reviewer, here, seems to think that Sir Robert Peel's Bill, with
some little amendment, would meet the case of the Dissenters in the
manner most satisfactory, and, under all circumstances most
convenient. The Dissenters themselves have little to propose, and
that little impracticable.

Article XII. "Plantagenet.—3 vols. London: John Macrone, 1835."

Plantagenet is a novel: and the writer's object is stated by the critic

to be pretty nearly identical with that of Mr. Timothy Winterbottom,
of whom we have spoken before—viz: to lay bare the social evils of
primogeniture. The English system of education is detailed, and its
effect upon character analyzed. The writer's design is said not to be
very well carried into execution—nevertheless the Reviewer places
him in the first line of modern political novelists, and says there is
nobody, except the author of 'The Radical,' who, stands out as a
model for him to overtake or pursue.

Article XIII.—1. "Colonization of South Australia. By R. Torrens, Esq.

F. R. S. Chairman of the Colonization Commission, for South
Australia. London: Longman, 1835."

2. "Colonization; particularly in Southern Australia; with some

remarks on Small Farms and Over-population. By Colonel Charles
James Napier, C. B.—London: T. & W. Boone, 1835."

Colonel Torrens' book is bitterly and sarcastically reviewed. It is an

octavo of more than 300 pages, with an Appendix of about 20. The
first part of the body of the work is in the form of a letter, divided
into twelve parts, and addressed "To the author of the History of the
Indian Archipelago." This portion discusses the new scheme for
colonizing South Australia. Its style is called pamphleteering and
polemical. The second part is said to be "in the usual cold, cramped,
and unpopular manner of the author's politico-economical writings."
The Appendix consists of the Act of Parliament for the formation of
the Colony, of two letters signed Kangaroo, and of another from A.
B., approving of Kangaroo's opinions. Kangaroo is thought by the
Reviewer a better writer of English than his master. Colonel Napier's
book is favorably noticed. His views are in direct opposition to those
of Torrens.

Article XIV. "The Mythology of Ancient Greece and Italy. By Thomas

Keightley, Esq. 8vo. London, 1831." This is an interesting and able
paper, but has no pretensions to the name of Review. The position
of the Bacchanalians in Greek and Roman History, and their
progress, together with the dangers and impediments encountered
in their course, forms the subject of the Essay—for it is an Essay,
although an admirable one.
 LONDON QUARTERLY REVIEW.

The London Quarterly Review, No. CVII. for July, 1835. American
Edition, Vol. III, No. 1.

Article I.—1. "Narrative of a Second Voyage in search of a North-

West Passage, and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions, during the
Years 1829–30–31–32–33. By Sir John Ross, C. B., K. S. A., K. C. S.,
&c. &c. Captain in the Royal Navy, London: 1835, 4to. pp. 740."

2. "The Late Voyage of Captain Sir John Ross, R. N. to the Arctic

Regions, for the Discovery of a North-West Passage; performed in
the Years 1829–30–31–32–33. From authentic information, and
original documents, transmitted by William Light, Purser's Steward to
the Expedition. By Robert Huish, author of the 'Memoirs of the
Princess Charlotte,' 'Treatise on Bees,' &c. &c. London: 1835, 8vo.
pp. 760."

3. "Report from a Select Committee of the House of Commons, on

the Expedition to the Arctic Seas, commanded by Captain John Ross,
R. N. 1834."

This is, in many respects, a clever and judicious Review, although

abounding with much vulgar abuse of Captain Ross, whom it
accuses, not only of gross ignorance and misrepresentation, but of
several minor indecorums, such for example, as "the opening of a
subscription shop in Regent Street—the sending of a set of fellows,
usually called trampers, but who call themselves agents, to knock at
every gentleman's door, in town and country, not humbly to solicit,
but with pertinacious importunity, almost to force subscriptions—the
getting up of Vauxhall and panoramic exhibitions, and some other
circumstances not worth detailing." It hints something also, of the
Captain's having procured the literary aid of "a practised embroiderer
of periods, one Dr. M'Culloch." Huish's book is treated with derision,
but the Quarterly cannot resist the temptation of giving additional
currency to a malignant accusation of cruelty, brought by this very
man Huish, against the Captain. The charge is republished in the
Review—with a hint, that it is quite as likely to be true as not. The
Article concludes with a hope, that if the Government should
determine upon another expedition, its direction may be given to
Captain James Clarke Ross, and Back, appointed his second in
command—and roundly asserts that Sir John Ross, C. B., K. S. A., K.
C. S., &c. &c., is utterly incompetent to conduct any enterprise of the
kind, to a successful termination.

Article II. "Journal of Frances Anne Butler (Fanny Kemble,) 2 vols.

Post 8vo. London: 1835."

The tone of this Notice is very similar to that of the Article on the
same subject in the Edinburgh for July—perhaps, upon the whole,
not quite so complimentary. The Reviewer is of opinion, that 'Master
Fanny's' Journal was from an early period, if not from the first line,
intended for publication, and that the entire thing is arranged for
stage-effect. Both these suppositions are highly probable. Indeed for
our own part, we never had a doubt about the matter. The
personifier of Julia, of Nell, and of Lady Macbeth, wished to make it
apparent that she could mingle up in the same page, simplicity,
frivolity and dignity. She has succeeded to a miracle, and we think
nothing the worse of her performance for its premeditation. The
critic finds fault, also, with Fanny's transparent affectation—a charge
from which we have neither the wish, nor the ability to defend her.
Affectation is the Promethean fire of a pretty and intelligent woman
—and provided always the things, the qualities, or manners affected
are not in se disagreeable or odious, it is very seldom worth any
one's while to quarrel with it. As for the transparent part of the
accusation, it betrays a want of philosophical acumen. Affectation,
when we cannot see through it, is no longer affectation. The political
fal lal of the fair lady is, of course, made a matter of high merit by
the Quarterly Review. "Her observations," quoth the critic, "evince a
depth of penetration, and a soundness of judgment, rare in any one,
but wonderful in a person of her age and sex." A chuckle also is
elicited, by Fanny's astounding conviction, that "America will be a
monarchy before she (Mrs. Butler) is a skeleton."

Article III. "The Last Essays of Elia." London: 12mo. 1833.

This is an Essay on the Essays of Lamb by one who thoroughly

understands the man. And there are not many men who do
thoroughly comprehend him. Altho' not the greatest among his
contemporaries he was the most original—and his writings are, we
feel assured, a true copy of his individual mind. He was one of those
men of infinite genius, so rarely to be met with, who unite the most
exquisite daintiness and finish of style with a vigorous and dashing
abandon of manner. This manner has been called affected—but it
was not so. That his thoughts "were villainously pranked in an array
of antique words and phrases" was a necessary thing. The language
of the times of James and Charles I. was as natural to him as his
native air—it was a portion of his intellect. As a critic, Lamb had no
equal, and we are moreover half inclined to agree with the
Quarterly, that there are, amongst his poetical pieces, some as near
perfection in their kind as any thing in our literature—"specimens of
exceeding artifice and felicity in rhythm, metre, and diction."

Article IV. "History of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,

illustrated by original documents. By Frederick Von Raumer.
Translated from the German by Lord Francis Egerton, in 2 vols. 8vo.
London, 1835."

Frederick Von Raumer, the author of the work here reviewed, is the
same who wrote the 'History of the House of Hohenstauffen,'
noticed in a former number of the Quarterly. The present History is
spoken of in high terms. It is the result of the author's residence in
Paris in 1830, and consists of a series of extracts from MSS. in the
Bibliothèque Royale—chiefly the despatches of Ambassadors. Lord
Egerton's translation is favorably mentioned.
Article V. "The Life of Edmund Kean. In 2 vols. London: 1835."

This is a most severe and galling Philippic upon a very worthless

book. Indeed Barry Cornwall was the last person in the world who
should have attempted the Life of Kean. From the poet's peculiar
cast of mind, (Procter is merely a dealer in delicate prettinesses,) he
is particularly ill-qualified for discussing the merits of an actor whose
province lay altogether amid the tempestuous regions of passion and
energy. "A worse man"—says the critic—"might have made Kean's
story entertaining—a wiser, if he had told it at all, would have at
least tried to make it instructive." The Essays upon the chief
characters of Shakspeare, which fill nearly half the second volume,
are truly said to be devoid of originality, vigor, or grace. To the entire
book is laughably applied a couplet from an old criticism upon
Suckling's Aglaura.

This great voluminous pamphlet may be said,

To be like one that hath more hair than head.

Article VI. 1. "Physiologie du Goût: ou Meditations de Gastronomie

Transcendante; Ouvrage Théorique, Historique, et à l'ordre du Jour.
Dédié aux Gastronomes Parisiens. Par un Professeur (M. Brillat
Savarin) Membre de Plusiéurs Sociétés Savantes. 2 tomes, 5me
edition, Paris: 1835."

2. "The French Cook. A System of Fashionable and Economical

Cookery; adapted to the use of English Families, &c. by Louis
Eustace Ude, ci-devant Cook to Louis XVI, and the Earl of Sefton,
&c. &c. &c., 12th edition, with Appendix &c., London: 1833."

This article is written in the most exquisite spirit of banter, and is

irresistibly amusing. It commences with a sketch of the history,
present state and literature of cookery! and concludes with a
particular Notice of the books at the head of the article.
"Mirabeau"—says the critic—"used to present Condorcet with voilà
ma théorie, and the Abbé Maury with voilà ma pratique. We beg
leave to present M. Brillat Savarin as our theory, M. Ude as our
practice." A biographical account of Savarin is introduced—full of wit.
Savarin was Judge of the Court of Cassation, Member of the Legion
of Honor, and of most of the scientific and literary societies of
France. His work consists of "a collection of aphorisms, a dialogue
between the author and a friend as to the expediency of publication,
a biographical notice of the friend, thirty meditations, and a
concluding Miscellany of adventures, inventions, and anecdotes."

Article VII. 1. "Souvenirs, Impressions, Pensées, et Paysages

pendant un Voyage en Orient, 1832, 1833. Par M. Alphonse de
Lamartine, 4 vols. Paris: 1835."

2. "A Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, &c. By Alphonse de Lamartine, 3

vols. London: 1835."

An English translation of Lamartine's Pilgrimage, and even a pirated

Bruselles edition of the original, were read in London before the
publication of the original itself. This is high evidence of the writer's
popularity, at least, however prejudicial it may have proved to his
literary and pecuniary interests. The Remarks in the Review under
consideration are deduced from the English translation, which is
from the pen of Miss Landon. With the exception of the French
verses scattered throughout the work, and which are not very
happily rendered (we should think it impossible to translate them) L.
E. L. has executed her task with much ability—at least so says the
Quarterly, and we believe it. Some singular misconceptions of the
meaning of the original are, however, occasionally met with, and we
are at a loss whether to attribute them to carelessness or an
imperfect acquaintance with the French. The Review cites the
following as an instance, and we have noted several others equally
glaring.

N'attends donc plus de moi ces vers où la pensée

Comme d'un arc sonore avec grace élancée
Et sur deux mots pareils vibrant à l'unisson
 Dansent complaisamment aux caprices du son!
Ce froid écho des vers répugne à mon oreille.

From me expect no more the verse where thought

Glances in grace as from the sounding bow,
When two words vibrating in unison
Complacent dance to the caprice of sound.
Now verse in its cold echo shocks my ear.

The Review lavishes many compliments upon Lamartine, and enters

into a compendious sketch of his Pilgrimage.

Article VIII. "Yarrow Revisited and other Poems. By Wm.

Wordsworth. 12mo. pp. 349. London, 1835."

Here is one of those exceedingly rare cases in which a British critic

confines himself strictly to his text—but this is nearly all that can be
said in favor of the Article. A more partial, a more indiscriminate or
fulsome panegyric we never wish to see, and surely "Yarrow
Revisited" is worthy of a better fate. "There is," quoth the Reviewer,
"a spirit of elegance in these poems more prominently and uniformly
prevailing than in any equal portion of Mr. Wordsworth's former
works. We mean an elegance such as Quinctillian ascribes to several
of the Greek and Roman writers—a nobleness of thought and feeling
made vocal in perfectly pure and appropriate language. It struck us,
at first, as an odd remark of Coleridge's, that Goethe and
Wordsworth were something alike, but &c. &c." Heaven save us from
our friends!

Article IX.—1. "Rough Leaves from a Journal kept in Spain and

Portugal. By Lieut. Col. Badcock, 8vo. London: 1835."

2. "Recollections of a few days spent with the Queen's Army in

Spain, in September 1833, 12mo. (privately printed,) London: 1835."
3. "Recollections of a visit to the Monasteries of Alcobaça, and
Batalha. By the author of Vathek, 8vo. London: 1835, pp. 228."

Colonel Badcock's book is favorably noticed. This Officer was sent to

the Peninsula, by Earl Grey's Ministry, for the purpose of transmitting
exact intelligence to the government at home. In the discharge of
this mission, he traversed the greater part of Spain, was present at
the siege of Oporto, and attended Don Pedro to the camp before
Santarem. His "Rough Leaves" are the result. From the work whose
title appears in the second place large extracts are made, all of a
highly amusing nature. The critique concludes with a brief
complimentary notice of Mr. Beckford's 'Recollections,' which are
excessively overpraised.

Article X.—1. "First Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire

into the Municipal Corporations of England and Wales, 1835."

2. "Protest of Sir Francis Palgrave, against the First Report, &c.

1835."

3. "Observations on the Principles to be adopted in the

Establishment of new Municipalities, the Reform of Ancient
Corporations, and the Cheap Administration of Justice. By Sir Francis
Palgrave, K. H. London: 1833." This is a violent party-paper, and
abounds in misrepresentation. One of its passages is forcible
enough. "The first step in this extraordinary affair, (the plan of
Municipal Reform) was in itself most extraordinary. A commission
was issued under the Great Seal of England, with powers and for
purposes now confessed to have been illegal!... The town-clerk of a
petty borough, discomfited the Lord High Chancellor of England, on
a point of law, of his Lordship's own raising, within his own special
jurisdiction; and for the very first time, we believe, since the days of
James and Jeffries, a commission under the Great Seal of England
was convicted of illegality."
Article XI. "Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honorable Sir James
Mackintosh. Edited by his son, Robert James Mackintosh, Esq. 2
vols. 8vo. London: 1835."

This Article we think upon the whole, better toned than the one
upon the same subject, in the Edinburgh. It characterizes the work
as a most interesting collection of Mackintoshiana, although not a
good Life. Sir James is very justly styled an "idealogical writer, who,
treating of human affairs, prefers to deal with thoughts, rather than
things."

NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.

The North American Review. No. LXXXIX—Vol. XLI. For October

1835. Boston: Charles Bowen.

It is now very generally known that Mr. Palfrey has become the
editor of this Review, and the present number is the first issued
since the announcement of the new arrangement. It is difficult to
speak of a work like this as a whole. Particular articles strike us as
being very good—some are worthless. We will briefly notice them
one by one.

Article I. "Life of Jehudi Ashmun, late Colonial Agent in Liberia. With

an Appendix, containing Extracts from his Journal and other
Writings; and a brief Sketch of the Life of the Rev. Lott Carey. By
Ralph Randolph Gurley. Washington."

"The capacities of Ashmun's character were such," says the

Reviewer, "that had he lived in any age or country, (pray, did he not
live in any age or country?) their energy must have hurried them
into development as inevitably as the waters flow to the sea." All this
we are willing to believe, and also that the man in question was a
noble martyr in the cause of African colonization. We doubt,
however, if there are not a crowd of books daily issuing unnoticed
from the press, of far more general interest, and consequently more
worthy the attention of our leading Review than even The Life of
Ashmun. We shall soon, perhaps, have a Life of some Cuffy the
Great, by Solomon Sapient; and then the North American will feel
itself bound to devote one half of its pages to that important
publication. In expressing ourselves thus, we mean not the slightest
disrespect to either Ashmun or his Biographer. But the critique is
badly written, and its enthusiasm outré and disproportionate.

Article II.—1. "Ward's Law of Nations. 8vo. 2 vols. 1795."

2. "Vattel's Law of Nations, by Chitty, 8vo. 1829."

This is an excellent essay—a practical exposition of the source and

character of the Law International, and for which the works above-
mentioned afford the materiel. A few articles similar to this would at
once redeem the reputation of American critical literature. Our
position in regard to France, gives to this review, at this moment,
additional interest.

Article III. "Matthias and his Impostures, or the Progress of

Fanaticism. Illustrated in the Extraordinary Case of Robert Matthews,
and some of his Forerunners and Disciples. By W. L. Stone. 12mo.
New York, 1835."

The critic here adopts the very just opinion that Matthias had formed
himself and his creed designedly upon the model of John of Leyden.
We think it probable that the impostor, who was grossly ignorant,
may have seen an account of the proceedings at Munster in some
popular historical work, and formed his own conduct accordingly.
The leader of the fanatics at Munster was Matthias, a baker.
Matthews called himself Matthias. The former had his Rothman and
Knipperdoling, men of respectable family and some consideration—
the latter had his Pierson and Folger, men similarly circumstanced.
Rothman and Knipperdoling were invested with an authority which
was merely nominal. It was the same with Pierson and Folger. John
had his Mount Zion at Munster, and Matthews his Mount Zion at
Sing-Sing. The Review gives a digest of Stone's book, and is very
entertaining.

Article IV. "Scriptores Rerum Mythicarum Latini tres, Romæ nuper

Reperti. Ad fidem codicum M.S.S. Guelferbytanorum, Gottingensis,
Gothani, et Parisiensis, Integriores edidit ac Scholiis illustravit Dr.
Georgius Henricus Bode, Ordinis Philos. Gotting. Assessor, Societatis
literar. quæ Cantabrigiæ Americanorum floret Socius. Celles, 1834."

Angelo Maio discovered and published, about three years ago, the
works of three Roman writers, supposed by him to be Leontius,
Placidus, and Hyginus, who flourished about the close of the fourth
century, or as the Review incorrectly states, after the
commencement of the fifth. The work criticised in the present article
is a new edition of Maio's publication, improved by the collation of
MSS. at Wolfenbuttel, Gottingen, Gotha, and Paris. Dr. Bode, a
scholar of high reputation, and who resided for some time in a New
England literary institution, is the editor. The reviewer speaks of the
Latinity as simple and easy, and, for the most part, classical in
construction.

Article V.—1. "A Lecture on the Working Men's Party, first delivered
October 6th, before the Charlestown Lyceum, and published at their
request. By Edward Everett. Boston, 1830."

2. "An Oration delivered before the Trades' Union of Boston and

Vicinity, on Fort Hill, on the Fifty-eighth Anniversary of American
Independence. By Frederick Robinson. Boston, 1834."

3. "The Rights of Industry, addressed to the Working Men of the

United Kingdom. By the Author of 'The Results of Machinery.'
Philadelphia, 1832."
The Reviewer here commences with what we consider a naïve
acknowledgment, viz: that he has not selected the works whose
titles are placed at the head of this article because they are recent,
or unknown, but merely with the view of directing public attention to
the subject of which they treat. The Essay, however, is an excellent
one, and shows in a forcible manner, by a rapid comparative view of
the condition of the laboring classes in our own and other countries,
how few just causes of complaint exist among our 'working people.'

Article VI. "The Ministry for the Poor. A Discourse delivered before
the Benevolent Fraternity of Churches in Boston, on their first
anniversary, April 9th, 1835. By William E. Channing. Boston, 1835."

The North American, in its last number, considered Southey a fine

writer, but Washington Irving a much finer, and indeed 'the best
living writer of English prose:' having, however, to review Mr.
Channing in the present number, its opinions are conveniently
modified to suit the occasion, and now the English of William E.
Channing is declared coram populo to be 'equally elegant, and a
little more pure, correct, and pointed than that of Mr. Irving.' There
is surely something very absurd in all this. Mr. Irving is a fine writer,
and so, beyond doubt, is Mr. Channing—but the Review seems
perseveringly bent upon making the public think otherwise. What
does the critic mean too by the assertion that Coleridge's reputation
is greater in America than in England, and that he possesses very
slender claims to the distinction of the first philosopher of his age?
We should like to see some direct evidence of what the Reviewer
has so roundly asserted, viz: that "Coleridge shews an almost total
want of precision and clearness of thought." The works of the man
are before the public, and we greatly prefer proof to assertion. We
think this whole paper exceedingly silly.

Article VII. "A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural History.

By William Swainson. London, 1834."
We have not seen Swainson's work, and of course can say nothing
about it—the present article however, which professes to be, but is
not, a Review of it, we pronounce excellent indeed. It must be read
to be thoroughly appreciated.

Article VIII.—1. "Poems. By Mrs. L. H. Sigourney. Philadelphia,

1834."

2. "Poems. By Miss H. F. Gould. Boston, 1835."

The only fault we have with this critique is, that it hardly does justice
to the noble talents of Mrs. Sigourney. Something more, we think,
might have been said, and said with perfect truth. Miss Gould is
more fairly dealt with, but nevertheless the criticism does not appear
to come from the heart of a poet. Some incidental remarks upon
Miss Sedgwick are highly complimentary and exceedingly just. Mrs.
Sigourney's first publication was reviewed in the North American
about twenty years ago. She was then Miss Huntley.

Article IX. "Sartor Resartus: in three Books. Reprinted for friends,

from Fraser's Magazine. London, 1834."

The North American might have been better employed than in

reviewing this book—even although it be "no secret in England or
here that it is the work of a person to whom the public is indebted
for a number of articles in the late British Reviews." The book
purports to be a commentary (the author incog.) on a late work on
the Philosophy of Dress, by Dr. Diogenes Teufelsdroeckh, Professor
of the Science of Things in General, at the University of
Weissnichtwo in Germany; and the Reviewer thinks it necessary to
enter into some pages of discussion, in order to convince his readers
that Professor Teufelsdroeckh and his book are both a hum. We
think the whole critique a hum of the worst order, viz: a hum
unintentional. We will venture to bet that the meaning (if there be
any) of the Sartor Resartus has only the two faults of the steed in
Joe Miller. In the first place, it is hard to catch. In the second place it
is worth nothing when caught.

Article X. "A Comprehensive Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary

of the English Language; with Pronouncing Vocabularies of Classical,
Scripture, and Modern Geographical Names. By J. E. Worcester.
Carefully revised and enlarged. Boston, 1835."

This is a valuable work, and the writer of the critique upon it seems
fully aware of its many excellences. Mr. Worcester has based his
Dictionary upon those of Johnson and Walker, but has given six
thousand more words than are found in the Critical Pronouncing
Dictionary of the latter. A large number of terms purely technical are
given with their meanings—many foreign words, also, in familiar use.

Article XI.—1. "A Narrative of the Visit to the American Churches, by

the Deputation from the Congregational Union of England and
Wales. By Andrew Reed, D.D. and James Matheson, D.D. 2 vols. 8vo.
London, 1835."

2. "Four Years in Great Britain. By Calvin Colton. 2 vols. 12mo. New

York, 1835."

Dr. Reed's book is reviewed calmly and with strict impartiality—the

reviewer allowing that the Dr. writes with energy when his attention
is fully aroused. This, perhaps, is his chief merit. Of Colton's work
little is said. "His adventures," observes the critic, "are very well
described, and though in some of them he gives too much
prominence to his own doubts and fears, still, if the whole had been
written in the same manner, it would have insured the work a
greater popularity than it is likely to gain." His account of O'Connell
is highly praised.
 CRAYON MISCELLANY.

The Crayon Miscellany. By the Author of the Sketch Book. No. 3—

Containing Legends of the Conquest of Spain. Philadelphia: Carey,
Lea & Blanchard.

We feel it almost an act of supererogation to speak of this book,

which is long since in the hands of every American who has leisure
for reading at all. The matter itself is deeply interesting, but, as
usual, its chief beauty is beauty of style. The Conquest of Spain by
the Saracens, an event momentous in the extreme, is yet enveloped,
as regards the motives and actions of the principal dramatis
personæ in triple doubt and confusion. To snatch from this
uncertainty a few striking and picturesque legends, possessing, at
the same time, some absolute portion of verity, and to adorn them in
his own magical language is all that Mr. Irving has done in the
present instance. But that he has done this little well it is needless to
say. He does not claim for the Legends the authenticity of history
properly so called,—yet all are partially facts, and however
extravagant some may appear, they will all, to use the words of the
author himself, "be found in the works of sage and reverend
chroniclers of yore, growing side by side with long acknowledged
truths, and might be supported by learned and imposing references
in the margin." Were we to instance any one of the narratives as
more beautiful than the rest, it would be The Story of the Marvellous
and Portentous Tower.

GODWIN'S NECROMANCY.

Lives of the Necromancers: or an Account of the Most Eminent

Persons in Successive Ages, who have claimed for themselves, or to
whom has been imputed by others, the Exercise of Magical Power.
By William Godwin, Author of "Caleb Williams," &c. New York:
Published by Harper & Brothers.

The name of the author of Caleb Williams, and of St. Leon, is, with
us, a word of weight, and one which we consider a guarantee for
the excellence of any composition to which it may be affixed. There
is about all the writings of Godwin, one peculiarity which we are not
sure that we have ever seen pointed out for observation, but which,
nevertheless, is his chief idiosyncrasy—setting him peculiarly apart
from all other literati of the day. We allude to an air of mature
thought—of deliberate premeditation pervading, in a remarkable
degree, even his most common-place observations. He never uses a
hurried expression, or hazards either an ambiguous phrase, or a
premature opinion. His style therefore is highly artificial; but the
extreme finish and proportion always observable about it, render this
artificiality, which in less able hands would be wearisome, in him a
grace inestimable. We are never tired of his terse, nervous, and
sonorous periods—for their terseness, their energy, and even their
melody, are made, in all cases, subservient to the sense with which
they are invariably fraught. No English writer, with whom we have
any acquaintance, with the single exception of Coleridge, has a fuller
appreciation of the value of words; and none is more nicely
discriminative between closely-approximating meanings.

The avowed purpose of the volume now before us is to exhibit a

wide view of human credulity. "To know"—says Mr. Godwin—"the
things that are not, and cannot be, but have been imagined and
believed, is the most curious chapter in the annals of man." In
extenso we differ with him.

There are more things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio,

Than are dreamt of in thy philosophy.

There are many things, too, in the great circle of human experience,
more curious than even the records of human credulity—but that
they form one of the most curious chapters, we were at all times
ready to believe, and had we been in any degree skeptical, the Lives
of the Necromancers would have convinced us.

Unlike the work of Brewster, the Necromancy of Mr. Godwin is not a

Treatise on Natural Magic. It does not pretend to show the manner
in which delusion acts upon mankind—at all events, this is not the
object of the book. The design, if we understand it, is to display in
their widest extent, the great range and wild extravagancy of the
imagination of man. It is almost superfluous to say that in this he
has fully succeeded. His compilation is an invaluable work, evincing
much labor and research, and full of absorbing interest. The only
drawback to the great pleasure which its perusal has afforded us, is
found in the author's unwelcome announcement in the Preface, that
for the present he winds up his literary labors with the production of
this book. The pen which wrote Caleb Williams, should never for a
moment be idle.

Were we to specify any article, in the Necromancy, as more

particularly interesting than another, it would be the one entitled
'Faustus.' The prevalent idea that Fust the printer, and Faustus the
magician, were identical, is here very properly contradicted.

REV. D. L. CARROLL'S ADDRESS.

Inaugural Address of the Rev. D. L. Carroll, D.D. President of

Hampden Sidney College, delivered on his induction into that office.
Published by request of the Board of Trustees. Richmond: T. W.
White, 1835.

The friends of literature in Virginia have lately been favored with

several Inaugural Addresses, each of which has had its peculiar
merits. It is only of that whose title has just been given, that we
intend to speak. In the correspondence which is prefixed to this
Address, we learn that it was "prepared with great haste, amidst
anxieties and efforts to regain health, and amidst all the inquietudes
of journeying and absence from home." Apologies are seldom worth
the time spent in making or reading them. Generally, an author who
prints his production may be supposed to consider it of some value.
To make an apology, then, similar to that of Mr. Carroll, is but a
modest way of hinting that, with a fair trial, the writer could have
done much better. On the whole we wish that there had been no
apology; for the Address needs none. It is not our purpose to give
an outline of this discourse, or enter into a critical examination of its
merits—for merits it has. We wish merely to call the attention of the
reader to a few extracts, hoping that a perusal of these will induce
him to procure and read the whole Address for himself. The first of
these extracts is on a subject too long overlooked, and too much
neglected in all our schools. We refer to social qualities. On this
subject the author's ideas are just and timely. He says:

"Every literary institution ought to aim at such a well regulated intercourse amongst
its students as would inspire them with a dignified self-respect—as would cause them,
even in retirement, to conduct themselves with that delicacy and deference to each
other's feelings that become a high-minded and honorable company of gentlemen
associated in the pursuit of learning. They ought also, under proper restrictions, to
mingle occasionally in the best circles of society around them. Neither their morals,
their manners, nor their studies would suffer from that evolution and play of the
social powers to which such an intercourse would give rise. I know indeed that a
certain degree of awkward reserve, and bluntness of manners, and recklessness of
dress have, in some minds, become almost inseparably associated with genius. But a
moment's reflection may convince any one that it requires no very extraordinary
endowments from the Creator, to enable a man, after a little practice, to become a
clown in his manners and a sloven in his apparel. Let it not be supposed, however,
that in thus contending for the development of the social powers and cultivable
graces of our nature, we countenance the contemptible littleness of dandyism. The
mere dandy we despise as a thing whose definition the great American lexicographer
has given in the following appropriate terms—'a male of the human species who
dresses himself like a doll, and carries his character on his back.' Between the
 peculiarities of such a creature and the dignified refinement and suavity of the
educated gentleman, it were odious to institute a comparison. It is the latter to which
regard is to be had in a course of education. All that we contend for is, that the
youthful mind should be inspired with a deep consciousness of the existence and the
worth of those social powers and kindly sympathies within itself, which bind it
indissolubly to its species, and should be led to regard their development and culture
as a necessary part of its preparation for future life."

We are no less pleased with the following sentiments on the subject

of the moral influences that should pervade a College.

"The great question is yet to be decided—What influence our educated men will have
on the moral destinies of this nation! A question involving all those dear and mighty
interests which bind us in hope to this and to a future world. With such a question
pending, I tremble for the safety of my country, and blush for its reputation for sound
philosophy, when I reflect that here an attempt has been made to break up the
alliance between learning and religion, and to sever our literary institutions from the
practical influence of a pure Christianity. I am happy to know that this is not to be the
order of things in Hampden Sydney. I am not called to take the helm without a chart
or compass. And I never shall embark on a voyage of such perils unless I can nail the
Bible to the mast. We shall avoid all mere proselytism and the inculcation of minor
sectarian peculiarities. But we shall strenuously endeavor so to develope, and
discipline, and adapt to action the moral powers of youth, that, appreciating highly
their own immortal interests, they shall go out hence on the highways of society a
chosen band, clothed in the panoply of heaven to act as the lifeguards of the virtue,
order, and common Christianity of their country."

The conclusion of Mr. Carroll's Address is full of fervid eloquence,

rendered doubly interesting by a vein of that truest of all philosophy,
the philosophy of the Christian. In the two last paragraphs
sentiments are expressed, which at their delivery must have
produced a strong sensation. Such indeed we learn from those
present on the occasion, was their effect.

"It well becomes me to tread with modest and tremulous steps in a path consecrated
by the luminous career of such men as the brothers Smith, an Alexander, a Hoge, and
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