International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-6, August 2019

Artificial Neural Network Based Water Quality

Forecasting Model for Ganga River
Anil Kumar Bisht, Ravendra Singh, Rakesh Bhutiani, Ashutosh Bhatt

 paramount source of water. In India, its national river i.e. the

Abstract: Development of river water quality forecasting Ganga which has also got the prime status of living entity
model (RWQFM) created using the concept of artificial neural and is being adored by its inhabitants is also started
network (ANN) for the river Ganga, India still has not been done declining with respect to its quality gradually. Therefore it’s
as far as best awareness of the authors. In this research work an the demand of time to get aware of such alarming situation
effort have been made for developing such model first time for
and to initiate technologically sound steps to restore the
the stream Ganga in the stretch from Devprayag to Roorkee,
Uttarakhand, India by choosing five testing stations along this Ganga River to its pious state. Forecasting the quality of
waterway. The month to month exploratory dataset for the time water in rivers is itself a very critical phenomenon and also a
arrangement of 2001 to 2015 including four water quality challenging task. Due to complex and nonlinear relationship
parameters was taken. Using one of the proficient machine among the parameters responsible for determining the water
learning approach called ANN an optimal model is developed by quality the development of such proficient forecasting
conducting several experiments in Weka data mining tool. In models is very tedious work. Accurate prediction of water
advance the water quality is forecasted for next 12 months and quality will absolutely leads to the development of
the forecasting accuracy is determined using various comprehensive solutions and decisions by the water
performance measures. The computation of 12-steps ahead WQ
management bodies. However, development of such water
indicated that the water comes out to be suitable for drinking
throughout the year 2016 only at three stations: Devprayag, quality (WQ) models for the river Ganga built on artificial
Rishikesh and Roorkee. At Haridwar station, the water is also neural network (ANN) still has now not been performed or
comes out to be of best quality but only in nine months. In last reported in the literature as far as best knowledge of the
quarter of 2016, a little degradation at Haridwar station while a authors. During the last few decades it has been a
crucial deterioration was noticed at Jwalapur site. The results tremendous developments in the field of artificial
showed that the proposed WQ model is more efficient in terms of intelligence (AI) specifically targeting the problem of
the forecasting accuracy. At Rishikesh station the developed pattern recognition. One of such growing area of AI is
forecasting model achieved a noteworthy accuracy of 100%. known as Artificial Neural Networks which has been
Thus, the proposed ANN forecasting model is verified as an
applied successfully in the problems involving prediction or
effective model and concluded that in overall the WQ of the
Ganga River in this stretch is fine in 2016. Also, ANN has proven forecasting. Based on historical data, ANNs are capable of
its significance as an efficient tool in the forecasting domain. performing non-linear mapping among the given data set
Such models will definitely be helpful for the water management and its elements i.e. recognizing the trends and patterns in
bodies in order to control the river pollution and consequently the given data generates the desired output. The remaining
help the society as well. segments of the paper are systematized as shown in the
following Fig. 1.
Keywords : Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Mean Square
Error (MSE), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD) and Water Quality (WQ). Section 2: Related Work
Section 3: Research Methodology
I. INTRODUCTION
Section 4: Results and Analysis
Water is the most precious resource of any country. Because
it is an essential component required to live for both the Section 5: Conclusion and Future Scope
human being as well as the wild life all over the globe. But
recently it has been noticed that the quality of water is
deteriorating very hastily due to man-made problems like
unorganized industrialization, enlarged population, heavy Fig. 1 Organization of the remaining Paper
and unstructured urbanization etc. As we know rivers are the
II. RELATED WORK

Revised Manuscript Received on August 25, 2019

* Correspondence Author ANN models has been applied successfully in diagnosing
Anil Kumar Bisht*, Computer Science & Information Technology, the diseases [1], [2], [3]. The models developed using ANN
Mahatma Jyotibha Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India. have been applied in variety of applications like prediction
Ravendra Singh, Computer Science & Information Technology,
Mahatma Jyotibha Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India of flow of rivers [4], [5], [6], [7], rainfall prediction model
Rakesh Bhutiani, Deptt. of Env. Sc., Gurukula Kangri University, [8], weather forecasting [9], prediction model for water
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. quality Index [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15],
Ashutosh Bhatt, Deptt. of Computer Science and Engg., BIAS, prediction of water quality
Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India.

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DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F8841.088619 2778 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-6, August 2019

parameters [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], prediction B. Model Development: Named “River Water Quality
and forecasting with artificial neural networks: introduction, Forecasting Model” (RWQFM) using ANN in Weka
issues and applications [23], [24], time-series forecasting For development of the proposed model named here
using ANNs [25], [26], role of ANNs in ecological “RWQFM”, the authors have used the results of their
modelling [27], predicting stock price index [28], modelling research done in [35] where the best prediction accuracy of
electricity demand [29], forecasting of water quality using 95.9% was obtained when the value of the best learning rate
ANN [30], Modelling water quality [31], [32], time series is determined as 0.04 following 50000 epochs after a set of
forecasting of WQ of the river Godavari [33]. All such various experiments. As the learning rate (the amount the
research works leads to the conclusion that ANNs are weights are updated) and the number of epochs (the number
currently being used in finding the solution for prediction or of times the dataset presented to the network to train
forecasting problems in a variety of domains specifically in through) are the two main factors while performing training
the field of ecology. But a biggest research gap found by of the neural network. For each of the five stations authors
going through all these and other research literatures is that have taken the WQ dataset of size 180 for fifteen years
still there is no effort in the direction of modelling (2001-2015) from January to December. In order to decide
(predicting or forecasting) the water quality of the river the WQ classes the standards formulated by the Central
Ganga using the concept of ANNs as far as to the best Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India is followed where
knowledge of the authors of the present work. In summary, the quality of water is categorized into five different classes
the focus of this research is to develop a (RWQFM) river which is described as below:
water quality forecasting model for the river Ganga 1. Class ‘A’ : drinkable water
consisting four WQ parameters for every one of the five 2. Class ‘B’: bathing water only
testing sites along this river stretch by applying the 3. Class ‘C’: drinkable water but after traditional
technique of ANNs on the extensive time series remedy.
experimental dataset (monthly) for the period of fifteen 4. Class ‘D’: best only for marine and wild life
years from 2001 to 2015 using WEKA tool. 5. Class ‘E’ : only for agriculture and industries

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY For experimental purpose the initial file containing the input
data instances is prepared and stored in comma separated
A. Study Area and the Experimental Dataset Used value (csv) file. Then for preprocessing purpose in weka this
For the research purpose, the country wide holiest river of initial file is converted into another file format which is
India Ganga has been selected. The Ganga river is generated compatible with weka called attribute-relation file format
as a result of joining of River Bhagirathi with river (arff). A supervised machine learning approach called
Alaknanda at Devprayag starting up from Garhwal artificial neural network (ANN) is used for creating the
Himalayas.The Ganga River basin in India is highlighted in forecasting model by setting its parameters in such a way
Fig. 2. The monthly experimental data sets collection for the that its output performance will be efficient one. This can be
WQ of the River Ganga from 2001 to 2015 at five different achieved by conducting various experiments to develop the
stations named: Devprayag, Rishikesh, Haridwar, Jwalapur models and checking their performance using four different
and Roorkee in Uttarakhand analyzed by Limnology & metrics. The steps followed for development of ‘RWQFM’
Ecological Modelling Laboratory, Gurukul Kangri are as below:
Vishwavidhyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India is being 1. Create csv files of water quality dataset of the
taken in this research. This data set comprised of four WQ Ganga River for previous fifteen years for all five
parameters temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and stations.
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The goal of the current 2. Convert all csv files containing dataset to arff
research work is to develop a water quality forecasting format for suitable to run in Weka.
model for the river Ganga for each and every sampling 3. Import the data instances contained in arff file for
station along this river by applying the technique of ANNs particular station for preprocessing in Weka.
on the experimental dataset taken over the period of fifteen 4. Build the structure of ANN based time series
years from 2001 to 2015 using WEKA tool [34]. WEKA forecasting model in Weka using multilayer
tool provide support for different data mining problems perceptron as a classifier function by choosing best
involving classification, clustering and visualization. configuration of the network.
5. Run the forecasting process for the structured
forecasting model.
6. Save the run information and the evaluation results
for the model identified as best model by
comparing various forecaster outputs.
7. Save the developed forecasting model which comes
out to be best w.r.t. its performance metric.
The output view of experiments performed in Weka is as
shown in the Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 The Ganga River Basin (Source: Google Earth)

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DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F8841.088619 2779 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-6, August 2019

Sept-2015 177 1
Oct-2015 178 1
Nov-2015 179 1
Dec-2015 180 1
Jan-2016 181* 0.9967
Feb-2016 182* 0.9962
Mar-2016 183* 0.9983
Apr-2016 184* 1.0019
May-2016 185* 1.0052
June-2016 186* 1.009
July-2016 187* 1.0143
Fig. 3 Experimental View in Weka for output result Aug-2016 188* 1.0223
screen in developing the RWQFM Sept-2016 189* 1.0316
Oct-2016 190* 1.0405
IV. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Nov-2016 191* 1.0486
For developing the proposed time series ‘RWQFM’, the Dec-2016 192* 1.0561
authors have developed the ANN based model to generate Thus, it is concluded from these results that at this site with
predictions (forecasts) for future monthly values (classes) of reference to the past fifteen years data the quality of Ganga
WQ at each and every station on the basis of known past water is extraordinary and is suitable for drinking purpose.
respective WQ values at corresponding station. Various The forecasting performance of developed model is
experiments were conducted and their results have been computed using various measures which is presented in the
analyzed by going through the steps mentioned above. We table II which showed that the developed model attained a
made monthly forecasts into the future for a one year period best accuracy of 99.52% as the minimum MSE is 0.0048
i.e. 12-steps ahead. The future forecasts/ predictions from during forecasting the WQ one month-ahead as highlighted.
end of training data is marked as ‘*’ that indicates the future
trends. Different metrics are used which perform relative Table-II: The forecasting performance of ANN model
measurement that compared the forecasted result to the last for station “Devprayag”
known target value i.e. class of WQ as the prediction which
is always taken as relative to the step at which the forecast is Performance MAE MAPE RMSE MSE
to be done. These matric are defined mathematically as Metric
follows:
1. Mean Absolute Error (MAE): sum(abs(predicted - Target WQ

actual)) / N 1 month- 0.0234 1.709 0.0694 0.0048

advance
2. Mean Squared Error (MSE): sum((predicted - 2 month- 0.0544 3.4571 0.1635 0.0267
actual)^2) / N advance
3 month- 0.0771 5.1752 0.1629 0.0265
3. Root Mean Squared Error advance
4 month- 0.1197 8.037 0.254 0.0645
(RMSE): sqrt(sum((predicted - actual)^2) / N)
advance
4. Mean Absolute Percentage Error 5 month- 0.1804 12.3513 0.4899 0.24
advance
(MAPE): sum(abs((predicted - actual) / actual)) / N 6 month- 0.2473 17.0798 0.5958 0.3549
Where N denotes total number of instances. advance
Forecasting Model Development for First Station 7 month- 0.3149 20.2091 0.7112 0.5058
“Devprayag” advance
For the very first station Devprayag the authors have 8 month- 0.3694 24.0791 0.8526 0.727
developed the proposed model i.e. RWQFM in Weka. From advance
the analysis of the results it is found that at this site the 9 month- 0.4679 30.6478 1.0289 1.0587
forecast for the WQ of the river ganga for the next 12- advance
months from the end of training data is displayed in the table 10month- 0.584 37.5198 1.1739 1.3781
I with ‘*’ marked entries from January 2016 to December advance
2016. The resulting forecast of WQ at this station is shown 11month- 0.6428 40.3489 1.2381 1.5329
in the Fig. 4 where the curve is showing that the water is advance
remain in the class A throughout the year 2016. 12month- 0.6983 44.4507 1.2561 1.5779
advance
Table-I: 12 months-ahead forecasted result of ANN
model (RWQFM) for Devprayag station
Time Stamp Instance No. WQ
July-2015 175 1
Aug-2015 176 1

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ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8 Issue-6, August 2019

2 month- 0.0005 0.0291 0.001 0

advance
3 month- 0.0009 0.0491 0.0017 0
advance
4 month- 0.0014 0.0694 0.0029 0
advance
5 month- 0.0023 0.1147 0.005 0
advance
6 month- 0.0044 0.2327 0.0111 0.0001
advance
Fig. 4 Future Forecast for WQ (12-steps ahead) at 7 month- 0.0069 0.409 0.0191 0.0004
Devprayag Station advance
8 month- 0.0128 0.8453 0.0427 0.0018
Forecasting Model Development for Second Station advance
“Rishikesh” 9 month- 0.0234 1.6366 0.068 0.0046
For the second station Rishikesh, the WQ at this station for advance
next 12 months is displayed in the table III with ‘*’ marked 10month- 0.0426 3.256 0.143 0.0204
entries with the forecasting performance of developed model advance
presented in the table 4. A graph for the resulting forecast of 11month- 0.105 8.6365 0.4974 0.2474
WQ at this station is shown in the Fig. 5. It is concluded advance
from these results that at this station the quality of Ganga 12month- 0.1276 9.9148 0.519 0.2693
water will remain the same as in previous months i.e. no advance
further deterioration will going to be noticed as the water
quality curve is showing an almost constant values
belonging to class A for the next 12 months in 2016. In
totality, conclusion is that the Ganga River had a remarkable
water quality at Rishikesh station in 2016. The developed
model have a best accuracy of 100% when it forecasts the
WQ 1,2,3,4 and 5 month-ahead as highlighted in table IV.

Table-III: 12 months-ahead forecasted result of ANN Fig. 5 Future Forecast for WQ (12-steps ahead) at
model (RWQFM) for Rishikesh station Rishikesh Station
Time Stamp Instance No. WQ Forecasting Model Development for Third Station
July-2015 175 1 “Haridwar”
Aug-2015 176 1 For the third station Haridwar the developed model resulted
Sept-2015 177 1 in the forecast for the WQ of the river Ganga for the next
Oct-2015 178 1 12-months in advance as given in the table V with ‘*’
Nov-2015 179 1 marked entries. The resulting forecast of WQ at this station
Dec-2015 180 1 is indicated graphically in the Fig. 6. It is concluded from
Jan-2016 181* 0.9938 these results that at this station the water is belonging to the
Feb-2016 182* 0.9975 class A everywhere except showing a little swing from this
Mar-2016 183* 0.9971 class towards class C and class B in the month of October
Apr-2016 184* 0.9941 and November. Therefore it is concluded that in general the
May-2016 185* 0.9941 water quality at Haridwar site is found suitable for drinking
June-2016 186* 1 but indicated a sign of little bit deterioration also particularly
July-2016 187* 0.9969 in two months. The developed model accomplished a best
Aug-2016 188* 0.9941 accuracy of 99.55% when forecasting the WQ in one step
Sept-2016 189* 1.0074 (month) advance as emphasized in table VI where the
Oct-2016 190* 0.9951 forecasting performance of developed model is presented.
Nov-2016 191* 0.9959
Dec-2016 192* 1.0113 Table-V: 12 months-ahead forecasted result of ANN
model (RWQFM) for Haridwar station
Table-IV: The forecasting performance of ANN model for Time Stamp Instance No. WQ
station “Rishikesh” July-2015 175 2
Aug-2015 176 2
Performance MAE MAPE RMSE MSE Sept-2015 177 2
Metric Oct-2015 178 1
Nov-2015 179 1
Target WQ Dec-2015 180 1

1 month- 0.0003 0.0152 0.0005 0

advance

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Jan-2016 181* 1.9023 For the Jwalapur station the WQ of the river Ganga for the
Feb-2016 182* 0.6147 next 12 months (Jan 2016 to Dec 2016) in advance is
Mar-2016 183* 0.3812 presented in the table 7 with ‘*’ marked entries and in
Apr-2016 184* 1.582 finding this the forecasting performance of developed model
May-2016 185* 0.6254 is computed is mentioned in the table 8. The resulting
June-2016 186* 0.9188 forecast of WQ at this station is shown as a graph in the Fig.
July-2016 187* 1.0117 7 where a high fluctuation in the quality of water was
Aug-2016 188* 0.7937 noticed. Initially there exist an uncertainty in the water
Sept-2016 189* 0.103 quality and then in the last months the curve is showing that
the WQ is going to worsen to a greater extent.
Oct-2016 190* 3.5707
Consequently, authors concluded that at this place over-all
Nov-2016 191* 2.9232
the water is degrading momentously. The developed model
Dec-2016 192* -0.9287
achieved a best accuracy of 92.55% when it forecasts the
WQ one month-ahead as indicated in table 8.
Table-VI: The forecasting performance of ANN model for Table-VII: 12 months-ahead forecasted result of ANN
station “Haridwar” model (RWQFM) for Jwalapur station
Time Stamp Instance No. WQ
Performance MAE MAPE RMSE MSE
July-2015 175 4
Metric
Aug-2015 176 4
Sept-2015 177 4
Target WQ
Oct-2015 178 4
1 month- 0.0214 1.4842 0.0667 0.0045 Nov-2015 179 4
advance Dec-2015 180 4
2 month- 0.0541 3.3325 0.1707 0.0291 Jan-2016 181* -1.258
advance Feb-2016 182* 1.1846
3 month- 0.1093 7.4293 0.2855 0.0815 Mar-2016 183* -2.4063
advance Apr-2016 184* -1.794
4 month- 0.193 13.2483 0.5137 0.2639 May-2016 185* -3.4866
advance June-2016 186* -3.866
5 month- 0.3146 22.7623 0.7923 0.6277 July-2016 187* -2.6316
advance Aug-2016 188* -1.2381
6 month- 0.413 29.2842 0.943 0.8892 Sept-2016 189* 2.7471
advance Oct-2016 190* 5.8086
7 month- 0.5056 35.5322 1.057 1.1171 Nov-2016 191* 7.6206
advance Dec-2016 192* -2.3123
8 month- 0.6129 41.7054 1.1854 1.4052 Table-VIII: The forecasting performance of ANN model
advance for station “Jwalapur”
9 month- 0.8308 52.1879 1.5423 2.3785
advance Performance MAE MAPE RMSE MSE
10 month- 0.9121 53.4328 1.5797 2.4955 Metric
advance
11 month- 1.0178 56.7156 1.6452 2.7065 Target WQ
advance
12 month- 1.2289 68.9053 1.9621 3.8498 1 month- 0.1101 5.0165 0.2729 0.0745
advance advance
2 month- 0.2072 9.9251 0.4291 0.1841
advance
3 month- 0.3764 17.3772 0.7097 0.5037
advance
4 month- 0.6388 27.1995 1.1181 1.2501
advance
5 month- 1.0292 44.199 1.7836 3.1811
advance
6 month- 1.2967 53.4927 2.1733 4.7233
advance
7 month- 1.6712 66.6589 2.7312 7.4596
advance
Fig. 6 Future Forecast for WQ (12-steps ahead) at 8 month- 1.7452 76.9113 2.75 7.5626
Haridwar Station advance

Forecasting Model Development for Fourth Station

“Jwalapur”

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9 month- 1.9583 88.0516 2.9789 8.8736 1 month- 0.0395 3.033 0.0807 0.0065
advance advance
10 month- 2.2893 105.7638 3.2199 10.3677 2 month- 0.0484 3.4705 0.0905 0.0082
advance advance
11 month- 2.8557 137.3646 4.0213 16.1707 3 month- 0.0588 4.039 0.105 0.011
advance advance
12month- 2.8427 142.906 4.0343 16.2755 4 month- 0.0769 5.0519 0.1396 0.0195
advance advance
5 month- 0.1176 7.5158 0.244 0.0595
advance
6 month- 0.1574 9.267 0.3467 0.1202
advance
7 month- 0.2085 11.8011 0.4377 0.1916
advance
8 month- 0.3377 18.4448 0.7829 0.6129
advance
9 month- 0.3575 20.7527 0.7216 0.5206
advance
Fig. 7 Future Forecast for WQ (12-steps ahead) at 10 month- 0.4477 28.8266 0.8396 0.7049
Jwalapur Station advance
11 month- 0.5414 32.3212 0.9341 0.8725
Forecasting Model Development for Fifth Station advance
“Roorkee” 12 month- 0.6055 35.8225 1.0207 1.0419
For the Roorkee station the proposed model indicated advance
forecast for the WQ of the river ganga for the next 12-
months from the end of training data in the table IX with ‘*’
marked entries from January 2016 to December 2016 with
the forecasting curve shown in Fig. 8. It is concluded from
these results that the water quality at this station forecasted
to be of class A. The developed model given a best accuracy
of 99.35% when it forecasts the WQ one month-ahead as
highlighted in table X.

Table-IX: 12 months-ahead forecasted result of ANN

model (RWQFM) for Roorkee station Fig. 8 Future Forecast for WQ (12-steps ahead) at
Time Stamp Instance No. WQ Roorkee Station
July-2015 175 1
Aug-2015 176 1 V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
Sept-2015 177 1
Oct-2015 178 1 In this paper, the authors attempted to develop machine
Nov-2015 179 1 learning based river water quality forecasting model
Dec-2015 180 1 (RWQFM) using one of the technique called artificial neural
Jan-2016 181* 0.9385 network (ANN) for the river Ganga first time in India as far
Feb-2016 182* 0.9514 true to their best knowledge. In order to carry out this
Mar-2016 183* 0.9369 objective five different stations along this river stretch from
Apr-2016 184* 0.9366 Devprayag to Roorkee, Uttarakhand have been selected and
May-2016 185* 0.9112 a time series based monthly experimental dataset from 2001
June-2016 186* 0.9215 to 2015 encompassing four water quality characteristics
July-2016 187* 0.9019 have been taken. For each station water quality forecasting
Aug-2016 188* 0.8909 models were developed by conducting several experiments
Sept-2016 189* 0.893 using Weka tool. Out of various models at every station that
Oct-2016 190* 0.8901 model is selected as optimal one which performs the best by
Nov-2016 191* 0.8855 determining their forecasting performance using several
performance measures like MAE, MAPE, RMSE and MSE
Dec-2016 192* 0.8623
and on the basis of that selected model monthly WQ
forecasting is done for the next 12 months at every station.
Table-X: The forecasting performance of ANN model for
Analyzing all these forecast results, authors concluded that
station “Roorkee”
at three stations Devprayag, Rishikesh and Roorkee the
quality of the Ganga river is comes out as extraordinary as it
Performance MAE MAPE RMSE MSE was forecasted as class A
Metric throughout the 2016 year.
Consequently, we can say that
Target WQ

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error. Finally, the forecasted results show that the Issue 1, ISSN 2091-2730, January-February, 2015.
developed RWQFM (River Water Quality Forecasting 13. Faris Gorashi, Alias Abdullah, “Prediction of Water Quality Index
Using Back Propagation Network Algorithm. Case Study: Gombak
Model) based on ANN is more efficient in terms of the River”, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 7, No. 4
accuracy. Consequently, the ANN based technique is proved (2012) 447 – 461, 2012.
to be highly proficient in the forecasting applications. Also, 14. Hossein Banejad, Ehsan Olyaie, “Application of an Artificial Neural
Network Model to Rivers Water Quality Indexes Prediction – A Case
in general the water of the Ganga river is found to be fine
Study”, Journal of American Science, 7(1) 2011.
among the undertaken stations in the year 2016. Thus, the 15. Sirilak Areerachakul, Siripun Sanguansintukul, “Water Quality
authors have got success in achieving their objective and Classification using Neural Networks: Case Study of Canals in
provided a support to the water management bodies for Bangkok, Thailand”, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
handling the pollution issues related with the river water. 2009.
16. M. Heydari, E. Olyaie, H. Mohebzadeh and O. Kisi, “Development
Still this research work have few shortcomings like the of a Neural Network Technique for Prediction of Water Quality
available dataset size of fifteen years which can be Parameters in the Delaware River, Pennsylvania”,Middle-East Journal
extended, the study area and its geographical constraints of Scientific Research 13 (10): pp.1367-1376, 2013.
under consideration etc. As a future prospective firstly, the 17. Nibedita Guru, Ramakar Jha, “Simulation of BOD-DO Modelling in
Mahanadi River System lying in Odisha using ANN, India”, IOSR
same model can be enhanced by considering another Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food
learning methods with extended data set and improved Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) ISSN: 2319-2402, ISBN: 2319-2399.
configuration of model parameters. Secondly, the Volume 2, Issue 4, PP 52-57, Jan. - Feb. 2013.
18. Vesna Rankovi, Jasna Radulovic, Ivana Radojevic,
forecasting can be done for other stations as well subject to
AleksandarOstojic, Ljiljana Comic, “Neural network Modelling of
the availability of historic quality data. In this way it is dissolved oxygen in the Gruza reservoir, Serbia”, Ecological
concluded that such models will be more proficient for Modelling 221 (2010) 1239–1244, ELSEVIR, 2010.
solving the forecasting problems in various application 19. Gholamreza Asadollahfrdi, Azadeh Hemati,Saber Moradinejad and
domains. Our results can be used by water management Rashin Asadollahfardi, “Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) Prediction
of the Chalghazi River Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Iran”,
bodies which are concerned with pollution in rivers. Current World Environment Vol. 8(2), 169-178, 2013.
Therefore, this research work can really be fruitful for the 20. M. Niroobakhsh, S. H. Musavi-Jahromi, M. Manshouri, H. Sedghi,
society and for the entire nation as well. “Prediction of water quality parameter in Jajrood River basin:
Application of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) perceptron and radial
basis function networks of artificial neural networks (ANNs) ”,
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DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F8841.088619 2784 & Sciences Publication
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AUTHORS PROFILE

Mr. Anil Kumar Bisht is currently a Ph.D. research

scholar and Asstt. Professor in the department of CS &
IT, FET, Mahatma Jyotibha Phule Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly, U.P. India. He has a teaching
experience of 15 years. He has done his M.Tech. in CSE
from Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India. He has done his B.Tech in CSE from Uttar Pradesh
Technical University, Lucknow, U.P., India. His research Areas are
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Wireless Communications.
He has completed online certificate course from Electronics and ICT
Acedemy, IIT Kanpur on "Machine Learning". He has a total number of 18
reputed research publications. He is a life time member of Computer
Society of India (CSI).

Dr. Ravendra Singh is a Professor in the department

of CS & IT, FET, Mahatma Jyotibha Phule Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly, U.P. India. He has a teaching
experience of 21 years and 5 years experience in
industry as Assistant Manager in Uptron India Ltd.,
Lucknow (U.P. Govt. Undertaking). His research Areas are at present,
mainly engaged in Artificial Intelligence, Wired & Wireless networks, QoS
based routing, ad hoc network, VANET, routing in under water and
terrestrial sensor network, Admission control schemes for Real time
communication and guided many scholars over the simulation and
performance evaluation of wireless networks, Cost optimization & testing
issues and Task allocation & scheduling in Distributed parallel computers.
He is also working in the area related to big data, machine learning,
association rules, cleaning & Integration of data in Data mining, & Data
warehousing. He has a total number of more than 37 reputed publications.
Also he had written 2 books with New Age International, N.Delhi and
University Science Press, N.Delhi.

Published By:
Retrieval Number F8841088619/2019©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F8841.088619 2785 & Sciences Publication