IE 2

DEFINITION AND
ATTRIBUTES OF
INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Presentation By - G1 Ulupongs
WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEMS?
Information system is comprehensive and
organized set of components that work
together to collect, store, process, manage,
and distribute information or data for a
specific purpose within an organization or for
a particular application. It plays a fundamental
role in modern businesses, institutions, and
various sectors, enabling efficient
management and utilization of information
resources. It is a coordinated combination of
hardware, software, people, procedures, data,
and communication systems that work
together to manage and process information
or data for a particular purpose.
 ATTRIBUTES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1 2 3 4

HARDWARE SOFTWARE DATA PEOPLE

5 6 7

SECURITY COMMUNICATION
PROCESS SYSTEMS
and
PRIVACY
 HARDWARE
Hardware refers to the physical
components of a computer system. It is
essential for processing, storing, and
communicating information. The main
components of hardware includes:

Input Devices
Processing Unit (Central Processing
Unit - CPU)
Memory (Primary Storage)
Storage Devices (Secondary Storage)
Output Devices
Communication Devices
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Motherboard
1.INPUT DEVICES
– Devices used to enter data into a system.
Examples: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone

Keyboard Scanner

Microphone
Mouse
2. PROCESSING UNIT (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT - CPU)
– The "brain" of the computer that processes
instructions.

COMPONENTS:
Control Unit (CU) – Directs operations
within the computer.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – Performs

mathematical and logical operations.

Registers – Small memory locations that

temporarily store data.
 3.MEMORY (PRIMARY STORAGE)
– Stores data temporarily while the computer is running.
Examples: RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only
Memory), Cache memory

RAM ROM Cache Memory

(Random Access Memory) (Read-Only Memory)
 4.STORAGE DEVICES (SECONDARY STORAGE)
– Long-term storage for data and programs.
Examples: Hard Disk Drives (HDD), Solid State Drives
(SSD), USB flash drives, CDs/DVDs

Solid State Drives(SSD) CD’S/DVD’S

Hard Disk Drives(HHD) USB Flash Drives

5.OUTPUT DEVICES
– Devices that display or output data from the system.
Examples: Monitor, printer, speakers, projector

Monitor Speakers

Printer Projector
 6. COMMUNICATION DEVICES
– Allow computers to connect and share data.
Examples: Network Interface Card (NIC), Modem,
Routers, Wi-Fi adapters

Modem
Wi-Fi adapters

Network Interface Card(NIC) Router

7. POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)
– Converts electrical power from an
outlet to the type of power needed
by the computer components.
8. MOTHERBOARD
– The main circuit board that
connects all components and allows
communication between them.
 SOFTWARE
Software in an information
system is a set of instructions that
tells the hardware how to perform
tasks. Software is a crucial
component of an information
system, as it's needed for input,
processing, output, and storage of
information.
TYPES OF SOFTWARE:
-Manages the computer's hardware and resources,
1 SYSTEM SOFTWARE and makes applications easier to program.

APPLICATION -Allows users to complete tasks, such as word

2 SOFTWARE processing, spreadsheets, antivirus software, and
streaming applications.

-Performs specific tasks to keep the computer

3 UTILITY SOFTWARE running, such as security and optimization
programs.
 DATA
Data represents raw elements or
unprocessed facts, including
numbers and symbols to text and
images. When collected and
observed without interpretation,
these elements remain just data—
simple and unorganized. In
information system, when these
pieces are analyzed and
contextualized, data transforms into
a useful information.
 KEY CLASSIFICATIONS OF DATA

QUALITATIVE DATA QUANTITATIVE DATA

Describes attributes or qualities that Represents numerical values that can
cannot be measured numerically, such as be measured and analyzed statistically.
opinions, colors, or marital status.

Nominal data: Categories with no Discrete data: Values can only take
inherent order (e.g. hair color, gender, specific whole numbers (e.g., number
nationality) of students in a class)
Ordinal data: Categories with a natural Continuous data: Values can fall within
order (e.g. clothing size, customer a range and include decimals (e.g.,
satisfaction ratings, survey responses) temperature)
 PEOPLE
People in an information
system are the individuals who
interact with the system and are
necessary for its operation. They
include users, analysts, and other
professionals who work with the
system.
Here are some examples of people involved in an information system,
categorized by their roles:
Managing the network

1
Using a learning management
STUDENTS system to access course
materials, submit assignments,
6 NETWORK
ADMINISTRATOR
infrastructure,
connectivity,
ensuring
and
troubleshooting network
and view grades.
problems.

2 CUSTOMERS
Placing orders online, tracking
shipments, and managing
7 SOFTWARE
ENGINEERS
Designing, coding, and testing
the system's software.
accounts with an e-commerce
website.

3 EMPLOYEES
Using a company intranet to
access company policies, 8 WEB
DEVELOPERS
Creating and maintaining the
system's
application.
website or web
communicate with colleagues,
and manage projects.

4
Accessing medical records, Auditing the system for
PATIENTS scheduling appointments, and
communicating with
9 SECURITY
EXPERTS
vulnerabilities and recommending
security measures.
healthcare providers through a
patient portal.

Overseeing the operation and Analyzing data from the system

DATA
5 IT MANAGER maintenance of the system,
managing user accounts, and
10 ANALYSTS to generate insights and reports.

responding to technical
 PROCESS
A process is a series of steps
undertaken to achieve a desired
outcome or goal. Information
systems are becoming
increasingly integrated with
organizations’ processes. This
integration brings more
productivity and better control to
those processes.
KEY STAGES OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM PROCESS:
Raw data is collected from various sources
1 INPUT (e.g., user entries, sensors, or external
databases).

The data is analyzed, computed, or

2 PROCESSING transformed using algorithms or software
applications.

Data is stored in databases, cloud storage, or

3 STORAGE
other repositories for future use.

The processed information is presented as

4 OUTPUT reports, dashboards, or notifications.

The system ensures accuracy, efficiency, and

FEEDBACK AND
5 CONTROL
continuous improvement through monitoring
and updates.
 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Communication Systems are
the technologies and methods
used to send, receive, and
process information between
people or devices. They ensure
fast, secure, and accurate data
transfer through wired or wireless
networks, following set rules and
structures to keep
communication smooth and
reliable.
A communication system is a set of components that work together to transmit
information from one place to another. It typically consists of the following
elements:

1 SENDER
The source of the information or message. This could be a person, a
device, or a system that generates the data to be communicated.

2 MESSAGE
The information that is to be transmitted. This could be in various forms,
such as text, audio, video, or data.
The device or mechanism that encodes the message into a signal
3 TRANSMITTER suitable for transmission. This can include modulation techniques to
prepare the signal for the medium.

4 CHANNEL
The medium through which the signal is transmitted. This can be wired
(like cables) or wireless (like radio waves, optical fibers, etc.).

5 RECEIVER
The device that receives the transmitted signal and decodes it back into
a message that can be understood by the recipient.

6 DESTINATION The final recipient of the message, which could be a person, a device, or
a system.

7 FEEDBACK
In many systems, there is a feedback mechanism that allows the sender
to know whether the message was received successfully.
 SECURITY AND PRIVACY
Security and Privacy in
Information Systems refer to
protecting data from unauthorized
access, misuse, and breaches
while ensuring that personal and
sensitive information is handled
responsibly.
 The primary law protecting privacy and security in the Philippines is the
Republic Act 10173, officially known as the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA), is
Philippine’s data privacy law, aiming to “to protect the fundamental human
right of privacy, of communication while ensuring free flow of information to
promote innovation and growth” while also ensuring “that personal
information in information and communications systems in the government
and in the private sector are secured and protected.”
Other relevant laws related to privacy and security in the Philippines:
Article III, Section 3 of the Philippine Constitution: Guarantees the right to
privacy of communication and correspondence.
Republic Act No. 4200 (Anti-Wiretapping Law): Prohibits the unauthorized
recording or interception of private communications.
IE 2

THANK YOU
ARIGATO
XIEXIE
KAMSAHAMNIDA
GRACIAS
SALAMAT!!!