(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,

Vol. 11, No. 8, 2020

IoT based Automatic Damaged Street Light Fault

Detection Management System
Ashok Kumar Nanduri1, Siva Kumar Kotamraju2, G L Sravanthi3, Sadhu Ratna Babu4, K V K V L Pavan Kumar5
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vignan’s Nirula Institute of Technology and Science for Women
Pedapalakaluru, Guntur-522009, Andhra Pradesh, India1, 2, 3
Department of Information Technology, Bapatla Engineering College, GBC Rd, Mahatmajipuram
Bapatla-522102, Andhra Pradesh, India4
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation
Vaddeswaram, Guntur-522502, Andhra Pradesh, India5

Abstract—The IoT (Internet of Things) is a blooming Pervasive devices are linked using IoT and many networks are
technology that mainly concentrates on the interconnection of convenient for delivering protected and effectual provisions for
devices or components to one another and the people. As the time entire applications anywhere and anytime [9]. The Internet of
being, many of these connections are changing as ―Device – Technology is combined with IT (Information Technology)
Device‖ from ―Human to Device‖. Finding the faulty street light and OT (Operational Technology) in which the unstructured
automatically is become a vital milestone by using this data generated by machines are studied for making
technology. The primary goal of the project is to provide control improvements. According to the research work of Li Da Zu et
and identification of the damaged street light automatically. The al. [10], D. Giusto et al. [11] and Saifuzzaman et al. [12] IoT is
lighting system which targets the energy and automatic operation
combining of physical devices with sensors, electronics, and
on economical affordable for the streets and immediate
software using the internet, which allows the objects to fetch
information response about the street light fault. In general, the
damage of the street light is observed by getting the complaints
and interchange the data through the ecosystem. It is
from the colony (street) people. Whereas in this proposed work determined as IoT because all the components described here
using sensors these lights working status is easily captured are utilized in making a better ecosystem. As it is already
without any manual interaction. So that it reduces manual efforts known that one of the major assets of the city’s is street light
and the delay to fix problems. So, to reduce such problem we which provides road safety and increases the security in city
come with the solution wherein automatic detection of street light centers and houses too. There are many automation
issues i.e.; whether the street light is working or not will be found applications of IoT such as smart roads, smart parking, smart
at night time and it should send the notification to the authorized lighting, smart home, and many more. In the existing system
person if there is a problem in particular streetlight and also the that is the manual system of street lighting contains many
location of the place where the streetlight is damaged. The street issues like connectivity problems, maintenance problems, and
lights are automatically ON/OFF using IoT. In this system, it the timing issue. These issues will be solved using the
checks whether the street light is ON/ OFF. The LDR sensor will technology of IoT [13]. This system depends on the smart and
ON/OFF the street lights automatically, based on the condition of climatic flexibility of street lighting, management
the weather. automatically [14]. Several issues are simplified by automation
in the economy of the world and regular life [15]. Currently,
Keywords—IoT (Internet of Things); GSM (Global System for
the system of streetlight flexibility is majorly challenged.
Mobile); LDR (Light Dependent Resistor); LED (Light-Emitting
Controlling the distant area location is a major dilemma.
Diode); GPS (Global Positioning System); Raspberry; Twilio
Human mistakes lead to wastage of energy and the system’s
I. INTRODUCTION low performance [16]. Based on the survey conducted by S.
K. Cho et.al. [17], it is determined that 30 percent of electricity
An important and essential role is being played by the is consumed by street lights in each city. Currently, the street
Internet of Things in every one’s regular life. There is a clear lights are will be in ON state before the sunset and they get
increase in the changes being made among the traditional OFF after getting light in the atmosphere, sometimes the light
systems, & other general household components and traditional will be in ON state whole day. As it is our responsibility to
systems for making a better life [1 to 6]. The major problem of save energy, we need to take initiative in saving energy. Our
the available system of electricity is the issue of connectivity project yields the best solution for electricity wastage.
because of the major connections is manually handled by Automatic ON/OFF of the street light is an effective solution
several contractors. Manually, the settings of the timer are that will decrease the consumption of the lights of the streets
done. Additionally, the timer needs 12 hours’ of power supply up to 20 percent when the environment contains light.
continuously, setting the timer may interrupt in the loss of
power supply continuously [7]. IoT is characterized through II. RELATED WORK
largely shared, original world smaller things, and the capability
of processing and with the storage of restriction that contains PLC usage in Automated street lighting, usage of PLC in
the presentation, confidentiality, consistency, and safety [8]. street light handling is a wonderful concept by the XD26 PLC
controller [17]. Manual work is not necessary for this system.

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Vol. 11, No. 8, 2020

LDR plays an important role in changing the state as ON/OFF the command for the public systems of lighting in a flexible
automatically, as a result of the sunlight. The benefits of this way. Building and implementing the future evolution through
method are seasonal variations effect, growth in the efficiency implanted systems to save the power of the street light system
of energy, less cost for operating and maintenance. Crouzet is the main aim of the street light controlling system
Millennium software involvement in this project helps in automatically using the help of a microcontroller. Nowadays,
testing and analytics with the exact function of streetlights. human life became so busy that there's no time to switch off
unnecessary lights. The best remedy for this expenditure of
In [18], Street light observing and controlling system is an
electric power is described in this paper. Moreover, manual
automated system based on GSM, helps in amplifying the work is abolished completely. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
effectiveness and precision of an organization by providing the and photoelectric sensors are the 2 sensors utilized to identify
change in the street lights automatically in schedules, the 2
either light or dark time and to find out the movement on the
fundamental modules are client-side and the server-side. The street respectively. The street lighting system can be controlled
microcontroller is the additional connection to GSM modern of using the microcontroller PIC16F877A acts as if the brain,
client-side whereas the server-side is made of Java-based web where usage of programming language to execute the software
server. Building and implementing the future evolution through
of the microcontroller using the language of C.
implanted systems to save the power of the street light system
is the main aim of the street light controlling system III. PROPOSED WORK
automatically using the help of a microcontroller. Nowadays,
human life became so busy that there's no time to switch off In the research of the damaged Street Light identification
unnecessary lights. System, we will identify the reduction in power consumption.
According to our modern lifestyle energy is the basic
The best remedy for this expenditure of electric power is requirement for both developing and developed countries. For
described in this paper. Moreover, manual work is abolished better understanding, we build a prototype for street lighting to
completely. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) and photoelectric find the effectiveness of our system.
sensors are the 2 sensors utilized to identify either light or dark
time and to find out the movement on the street respectively. This research work covers all reviews from various sources,
The street lighting system can be controlled using the which targets different concepts of street light systems and
microcontroller PIC16F877A acts as if the brain, where usage risks of human effort. In this work, we discuss two important
of programming language to execute the software of the concepts and get unique results effectively. The proper
microcontroller using the language of C [19]. operation of the system of street lighting by the addition of
other systems will help us to develop a research work which is
A new path of diminished power, usage was proposed easy and also consumes less power and cost, which can be
using the approach of RFID based on GSM for the automatic accessed by the internet. The driver architecture of LED is
street light system. The reduction in recovering power failure everywhere to design a street light system in a smart way,
time can be done by this system [20]. Through this GSM street which is reliable and reduces energy waste. They undoubtedly
light, load maintenance and also any complaints regarding describe the automatic ON/OFF of the lights automatically.
power could be warned. Power could be saved by the electric Later, Morais et al. and Silva et.al studied about the dimming
department by adopting this system. This system also moves concepts of light according to IEEE.
ahead to minimize the time during the processing of all new
connections of power suggestions with the help of RFID. 2017 R10-HTC (Region 10 Humanitarian Technology
Conference), 2017 21-23 December, Dhaka which is the
Automatic street lights project motto is just to control the capital of Bangladesh 122 large amount of energy is saved by
utility of power on the streets, abolish manual work. In this making the ON/OFF of the street light depended on the object
aspect, the street light circuits consisted of particular sensors, movement by the help of modules (IR modules have been used
LDR, and microcontrollers the whole day. LDR, sensors, and in this). They increased the intensity of the lamp when the
microcontrollers are the 3 basic components required LDR object moves under that light region, which helped in the
helps in consistently maintaining the streetlight off during reduction of power consumption. In the same way, in this
daytime as there is no requirement until there is a low light project we used the LDR concept to detect the light condition,
point or low frequency of streetlights thereby the LDR consists GPS is used to fetch the exact location, and LED is used to
of high resistance [20-22]. This stops the power supply to the indicate the damaged light. The GPS module contains the data
transistor's base. Finally, the lights of the street will not be in the raw format; it contains several data in different forms. In
glowing. this paper, the latitude, and longitude of the region where the
light is damaged need to be found. Now the series of data is
During most of the night, Intelligent street lighting systems
modified in terms of latitude and longitude; using these easily
utilizing GSM, street light systems of conventional in regions
access the location. Each street light connects with an LDR and
with less incidence of passersby are online without any cause.
a LED. In this, the red-colored LED has been used, which
The result of this is the bulk of power is wasted unnecessarily.
specifies danger in general. Relays are used for connecting
Street lighting systems became reality because of the vast
with lights. The variation of the lights OFF because of the
accessibility of flexible technology of lighting such as the
power loss and damage is known by setting threshold value.
wireless connection of the internet, light-emitting diode lamp,
Whenever the threshold value coincides, treat it as power loss.
well-grounded functionality, power conservation, and quick
If the threshold value does not match it specifies the fault of
reacting. This main theme of this study is to describe that the
light in large volume. The cloud storage system monitors
Intelligent street lighting ISL system was the initial to achieve

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Vol. 11, No. 8, 2020

continuously anywhere and anytime. Internet is used to

monitor the entire system and all information will be saved in
the database for future purposes. The whole system is designed
using the concept of IoT as all kinds of sensors, software,
cloud, and hardware are combined to make the system
effectively. A smart city is one of the booming concepts.
Therefore, this work will take one of the initiatives in
developing a smart city.
To describe the utility, effectiveness of the entire system,
we need to design an architecture that can be used to view the
whole functionality in a look as shown in Fig. 1. The
architecture, simply says that the entire system can be
classified into two parts. The initial part is the operation of
street lights and the other is sending information to the
authorized person.
Here we use RaspberryPi program for controlling the street
light and to detect the fault using the storage system of cloud.
The lights of the street are operated manually in general.
Raspberry pi program is utilized for the street lights
Fig. 1. Architecture for Automatic Street Light Damage Detection.
controlling and the detection of a fault in them through the
storage system of the cloud. Present, manually the lights of
A. System Design
streets are operated. The control of the street lights and the
detection of a fault in them is done through the storage system  To design an environment that uses IoT in real-time to
of the cloud. It checks the ON/OFF of the street lights, and the determine the controlling of the system of street light
faulty in the lamps identified. The ON/OFF of the street lights and testing the working performance of the application.
done after checking the weather condition. For checking the
 The sensor of ambient lights is used to find the intensity
weather condition the LDR is used. The LDR (Light experimentally and using that intensity appropriate
Dependent Resistor) checks the condition of weather is
action of control is taken on the lights.
light/dark, dark indicates no light, and light indicates the
presence of light. If the LDR results in light from the lamp,  To build a library of many modules that replicates the
then consider it as the time of day with light. It is considered as conditional parameters of the network.
the time of night while it receives results as dark from the
LDR. Then the system permits the Switch ON the lamps of the  To prepare a GUI (graphical User Interface) and to
street. check the light’s status.

Now the lamps of the street are in ON state. And few lights If the research work compared with the Automatic street
are in OFF state due to the fault in them. And the system light system, this system saves energy up to 8 percent to 10
identifies that there is a fault in the lamps, they are not percent as it works only on sunrise and set timings. This
glowing. The lights of the street are not glowing because of system even works with the weather condition, which also
some failure; this is known through the LDR. The LDR is saves manual effort during winter seasons. The exact location
inversely proportional to the intensity of light. Now the red of the damaged light identified easily, whenever there is a fault
LED attached to that street lamp will start glowing. And a in the light quickly alert message to the respective authorized
message will send to the respective ward member or authorized person. So that the person can know about the fault and can
person. The message includes the message of damage along respond to it. It also reduces the human effort of reporting. The
with the URL. message includes the complaint of the light and the exact
location is sending in the form URL. On selecting the URL,
The URL specifies the exact location of the faulty light. this location will get displayed. The system will continue
The location of the damaged light is known by GPS. This monitoring at all locations through the system of the cloud.
message will send from the account of Twilio. In the Twilio
account, we will specify the contact details of the ward Fig. 2 describes the entire flow of the system. Initially, the
member. LDR checks whether the light of the atmosphere is ON/OFF.
No action is performed if it is in the ON state. If the weather's
At any point in time, the status of the system will be known state is OFF, then automatically the light of the street will
anytime, anywhere as we are using the storage system of the become ON. If there is any fault in the lamps of the street the
cloud. As the lights of the streets are connected to the account red LED attach to each street light, will be ON. Here the color
of Twilio through the storage system of the cloud. The data of red indicates the damage.
the sensor is stored in the system of the cloud using the account
of Twilio. Therefore, the data of the street lights can be
accessed easily from the storage of the cloud.

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Vol. 11, No. 8, 2020

Fig. 3. Overall view of the Research Work.

Fig. 2. Data Flow Diagram for Damaged Street Light Process.

Each street light contains their respective LDR and red

LED, this LDR is used to sense the street light and ON the red
LED automatically, in case of a faulty lamp. The location will
Fig. 4. Output Message from Twilio Account.
send to the authorized person through the Twilio account. The
Twilio Account is cloud storage, which stores the data. The Fig. 5 shows the location of the damaged light. The
description of the message and the mobile number of the indicator indicates the exact location. In the case of more lights
authorized person is attached to this. At the time of fault are in one place then the damaged light can be known with the
detection, this message will send to that person. The exact help of a red LED.
location will be fetched through the GPS. These contains
several forms of data, but in our project, we are using
Bluetooth data which consists of longitude and latitude of the
faulty light. After fixing the damaged lamp, the red LED will
get OFF automatically.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Initially, we design a prototype to estimate the arranging
process of the whole system and can be done as part of future
research, development. After completion of the entire work, we
design a proposed system as displayed in Fig. 3. After
developing the system, it has been tested for many months for
verifying the whole functionality in real-time. The use of our
methodology resulted in the fault detection accuracy and the
lights are automatically ON/OFF which also saved electricity.
In the above figure, the first street light is OFF because of Fig. 5. Damaged Street Light Finding Location.
the fault in it. At the point of time, the red color LED will start
glowing. In the success case of street light ON no action is V. CONCLUSION
performed. For our experimental purpose, we used basic LEDs Nowadays resources (water, power, air, etc.) are very
in the place of lights. precious. This work focused to protect one such resource i.e.
Fig. 4 describes the message sent to the authorized person energy. Electricity is one of the major losses of energy. Using
from the Twilio account. Damage is the message which we IoT the street lights ON/OFF is automated based on the
have written as the indication and the URL is fetched using weather condition, the working status of the street light is
GPS. observed. The LDR sensor senses the environmental changes,
the ON/OFF of the street lights is made automatically.

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Vol. 11, No. 8, 2020

Whenever the street light got damaged or not on during night [11] Atzori, L., Iera, A., Giusto, D., and Morabito, G. (2010). “The Internet
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“Smart Security for an Organization based on IoT”, International Journal
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[13] Sayali Arkade, Akshada Mohite, Rutuj, Vikas, “IoT Based Street Lights
street lights is used to find the exact location when the street For Smart City” International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
light gets damaged. Further, this can be implemented for all Engineering Technology (IJRASET), Volume 4 Issue XII, December
the street lamps in rural lamps. Pre-identification of damaged 2016.
street lights is done based on the expiry of lamps. [14] B.Abinaya, S.Guru Priya, “IOT BASED SMART AND ADAPTIVE
LIGHTING IN STREET LIGHTING” Department of Information
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Technology Sri Sairam Engineering College.
[15] Sindhu.A.M, Jerin George, Sumit Roy, Chandra J, “Smart Streetlight
We thank all the authors for their outstanding assistances in Using IR Sensors” IOSR Journal of Mobile Computing & Application
this paper. (IOSR-JMCA) e-ISSN: 2394- 0050, P-ISSN: 2394-0042.Volume 3,
Issue 2.
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