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Cell Structure Notes

The document provides notes for Class VIII on the topic of 'Cell- Structure and Functions' for the academic year 2022-2023. It includes definitions, differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms, components of cells, and details about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Additionally, it differentiates between plant and animal cells and describes the cytoplasm and protoplasm.

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olivia noronha
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11 views

Cell Structure Notes

The document provides notes for Class VIII on the topic of 'Cell- Structure and Functions' for the academic year 2022-2023. It includes definitions, differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms, components of cells, and details about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Additionally, it differentiates between plant and animal cells and describes the cytoplasm and protoplasm.

Uploaded by

olivia noronha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIAN SCHOOL AL MAABELA

(ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED INSTITUTION)


MIDDLE SECTION 2022-2023
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE
NOTES

ISAM/FR/MDL/NS/04

Class: VIII Notes of Topic/Lesson: Cell- Structure and Functions Year:2022-2023

Answer the following

1 Define cell. Who discovered cell?


Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made of cells. Cell was
first observed in cork by Robert Hooke in 1665.
2 How are unicellular organisms different from multicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms Multicellular organisms
The single cell organisms are Organisms made of more than one cell
called unicellular. is called multicellular.
All the vital functions or life processes Vital functions are carried out by groups
are performed by a single cell. of independent cells forming different
tissues.
Example- Amoeba, Paramecium Human beings, Plants
3 Name the basic components of a cell.
The basic components of a cell are:
1. Cell membrane or plasma membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus
4 Explain the following
1. Plasma membrane (Cell Membrane)
The membrane separates cells from one another and also the cell from the surrounding
medium. It is porous and allows the movement of substances or materials both inward and outward.
2. Cell wall:
The additional layer is required by plants for protection against variations in
temperature, high wind speed, atmospheric moisture etc. It is thick wall made up of cellulose.
3.Nucleus:
This is the dense spherical component that is present in the centre of the cell. This is the most important
part of a living cell as it controls all the activities of the cell. It also contains thread-like structures called
chromosomes which carry genes and help in inheritance.
4.Chloroplast:
Green coloured plastids are called chloroplasts. They provide colour to the leaves. Chlorophyll in the
chloroplasts of leaves is essential for photosynthesis
5 Name the components of the nucleus. Write its function.
a) Nuclear membrane: Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane called the nuclear

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membrane. This membrane is also porous and allows the movement of materials between the cytoplasm
and the inside of the nucleus.
b) Nucleolus: A smaller spherical body which helps in protein synthesis.
c) Chromosomes: Thread like structure which carry genes and help in inheritance or transfer of
characters from parent to the offspring
6 What is Protoplasm?
The entire content of a living cell is known as protoplasm. It includes the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Protoplasm is called the living substance of the cell.
7 What are prokaryotic cells? Write examples.
Cells without well-organised nucleus is known as prokaryotic cells. There is no nuclear membrane.
Examples- Bacteria, Blue green algae
8 What are eukaryotic cells? Write examples.
Cells having well organised nucleus with a nuclear membrane are known as eukaryotic cells. All
organisms except bacteria and blue-green algae are eukaryotes.
Examples- Onion cells, Cheek cells
9 Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell.
Plant cell Animal cell
Cell wall is present Cell wall is absent
Plastids are found Plastids are not found
Single big vacuole is seen Many small vacuoles are seen
10 What is cytoplasm?
It is the jelly- like substance present between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Various organelles of
cells mitochondria, golgi bodies, ribosomes etc. are present in the cytoplasm.
11 Draw the following diagrams.
a) Plant cell b) Animal cell
Page no 96 figure 8.7.

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