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Assignment 01

The document is an assignment for a course on Electronics, detailing answers to questions about semiconductors. It covers topics such as the definition and properties of semiconductors, the mobility of charge carriers, and the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Additionally, it explains direct and indirect band gap semiconductors with examples.

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sohanxt
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9 views

Assignment 01

The document is an assignment for a course on Electronics, detailing answers to questions about semiconductors. It covers topics such as the definition and properties of semiconductors, the mobility of charge carriers, and the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Additionally, it explains direct and indirect band gap semiconductors with examples.

Uploaded by

sohanxt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering

ASSIGNMENT

Course Name : ELECTRONICS


Course Code : EEE0713201

Assignment No. 01
Assignment Name : Solve of Question in Slide 1 & 2

Submitted by: Submitted To :


ENGR. MD. MUZAMMEL
ABU SAHID SOHAN HAQUE TARAFDER
ID : 2241081098 Assistant Professor
Department : CSE Department of CSE
Batch – 61 (A) Uttara University

Deadline -
Assignment Solutions

Q1. What is a semiconductor?


A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor
(like metals) and an insulator (like glass). Semiconductors are crucial for modern
electronic devices because their conductivity can be controlled by adding impurities
(doping) or by external factors like temperature and electric fields. Silicon (Si) and
germanium (Ge) are common examples of semiconductors.

Q2. Explain the mobility of electrons and holes.


Mobility refers to how quickly charge carriers (electrons or holes) move through a
semiconductor material when subjected to an electric field.

- Electron Mobility (μe): Describes how easily electrons move through the material.
- Hole Mobility (μh): Describes how easily the absence of electrons (holes) move,
which can be thought of as positive charge carriers.

Factors affecting mobility include:

1. Temperature: Mobility decreases with increasing temperature due to more


scattering.

2. Impurities: More doping can reduce mobility due to increased collision with
impurities.

3. Crystal Lattice Defects: Imperfections in the lattice structure cause scattering,


reducing mobility.

Q3. What are the properties of semiconductors?


1. Intermediate Conductivity: Conductivity lies between conductors and insulators.

2. Band Gap: Semiconductors have a small energy gap (1-2 eV) between the valence
and conduction bands.

3. Temperature Dependence: Conductivity increases with temperature as more


electrons gain energy to cross the band gap.

4. Doping Effects: Adding impurities significantly alters electrical properties.

5. Photoconductivity: Conductivity increases when exposed to light.

6. Carrier Types: Both electrons and holes act as charge carriers.


Q4. What are the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors?
Aspect Intrinsic Semiconductor Extrinsic Semiconductor
Definition Pure form of Doped with impurities.
semiconductor.
Conductivity Low. High.
Charge Carriers Equal number of electrons Unequal number of
and holes. electrons and holes.
Examples Pure silicon, pure N-type (phosphorus-
germanium. doped) or P-type (boron-
doped) silicon.

Q5. Direct and Indirect Band Gap Semiconductors


1. Direct Band Gap:
- In a direct band gap semiconductor, the minimum energy of the conduction band
and the maximum energy of the valence band occur at the same momentum (k-value).
- Electrons can directly transition between the valence and conduction bands, emitting
photons efficiently.
- Examples: Gallium arsenide (GaAs).

2. Indirect Band Gap:


- In an indirect band gap semiconductor, the conduction band minimum and valence
band maximum occur at different momentum values.
- Electron transitions involve a phonon to conserve momentum, making photon
emission less efficient.
- Examples: Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge).

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