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Database Management System (DBMS) : o o o o

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that defines, manipulates, retrieves, and manages data, providing advantages such as reduced redundancy, data integrity, and security. Various database models exist, including Hierarchical, Network, and Relational models, each with distinct structures and use cases. Keys, such as Primary and Foreign Keys, are essential for uniquely identifying and managing data within these models.

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3 views7 pages

Database Management System (DBMS) : o o o o

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that defines, manipulates, retrieves, and manages data, providing advantages such as reduced redundancy, data integrity, and security. Various database models exist, including Hierarchical, Network, and Relational models, each with distinct structures and use cases. Keys, such as Primary and Foreign Keys, are essential for uniquely identifying and managing data within these models.

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tamangsam320
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Database Management System (DBMS)

1.1 Introduction

A database management system (DBMS) is a software package designed to define, manipulate,


retrieve and manage data in a database. A DBMS generally manipulates the data itself, the data
format, field names, record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to validate and
manipulate this data. Some of the advantages are given below −

a. Reducing Data Redundancy

b. Sharing of Data

c. Data Integrity

d. Data Security

e. Privacy

f. Backup and Recovery

g. Data Consistency

1.2 Database Models

A Database model defines the logical design and structure of a database and defines how data will
be stored, accessed and updated in a database management system. While the Relational Model is
the most widely used database model, there are other models too:

o Hierarchical Model

o Network Model

o Entity-relationship Model

o Relational Model
1. Hierarchical Model

This database model organizes data into a tree-like-structure, with a single root, to which all the
other data is linked. The hierarchy starts from the Root data, and expands like a tree, adding child
nodes to the parent nodes. In this model, a child node will only have a single parent node.

Fig: Hierarchical Database Model

Advantages of Hierarchical model

1. Simplicity

2. Security

3. Database Integrity

4. Efficiency
Disadvantages of Hierarchical model

1. Complexity of Implementation:

2. Difficulty in Management:

3. Complexity of Programming:

4. Poor Portability:

5. Database Management Problems

2. Network Model

This is an extension of the Hierarchical model. In this model data is organized more like a graph,
and are allowed to have more than one parent node. In this database model data is more related
as more relationships are established in this database model. Also, as the data is more related,
hence accessing the data is also easier and fast. This database model was used to map many-to-
many data relationships. This was the most widely used database model, before Relational
Model was introduced

Fig: Network Model


3. Relational Model

In this model, data is organized in two-dimensional tables and the relationship is maintained by
storing a common field. This model was introduced by E.F Codd in 1970, and since then it has
been the most widely used database model, infact, we can say the only database model used around
the world. The basic structure of data in the relational model is tables. All the information related
to a particular type is stored in rows of that table. Hence, tables are also known as relations in
relational model.

Fig: Relational Model

1.3 KEYS:

A key allows us to identify a set of attributes that distinguish entities from each other. There are
four keys:

1. Primary Key

2. Candidate Key

3. Alternate Key

4. Foreign Key

1. Primary Key

A primary key is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples within the
relation. This key does not have duplicate values in the relation. There must be any value for this
key, it cannot be NULL.

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