Subject : [ ESC_105_COMP_Th ] Fundamentals of Programming Languages

Year : FIRST YEAR - Sem-I FE Marks : 70 Date : December, 2024

ATTEMPT Q1 or Q2, Q3 or Q4, Q5 or Q6, Q7 or Q8, Q9 or Q10 Duration : 2 ½ hours

Q1.A Explain the importance of program design tools like algorithms and flowcharts. [5]
B Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to calculate the factorial of a number [5]
C What are C tokens? List and explain different types of C tokens with examples. [4]

OR
Q2. A Discuss the history and importance of the C programming language. [5]
B Define Symbolic Constants, declaring a Variable as Constant [5]
C What is the difference between constants and volatile variables in C? [4]

Q3. A What are arithmetic operators? Explain with examples. [5]

B What is operator precedence and associativity in C? Explain with an example
involving multiple operators. [5]
C Define relational operators and provide examples of their usage. [4]

OR
Q4. A What are the different types of operators in C? Explain each type with examples. [5]
B Differentiate prefix and postfix operators with example [5]
C Write difference between Logical Operators and Assignment Operators with program
code. [4]

Q5. A Explain the use of if, else-if, and switch statements in C with examples. [5]
B Write a program using a switch statement to find the day of the week based on an [5]
Integer input.
C Write a program to find given number is positive or negative. [4]

OR
Q6. A Write a program to print the multiplication table of a given number using a for loop. [5]
B What are loops in C? Explain while, do-while, and for loops with examples. [5]
C What is the purpose of break and continue statements in C? Explain with examples [4]
Q7. A Explain the declaration and initialization of one-dimensional arrays in C with [5]
examples.
B Write a program to find the largest element in an array of integers. [5]
C Define a two-dimensional array in C. Write a program to multiply two matrices. [4]

OR
Q8. A How are strings handled in C? Explain how to declare and initialize strings. Write a [5]
program to compare two strings using strcmp().
B Write a simple Program to calculate the result of any five subjects using an array. [5]
C Write any 4 Characteristics of Arrays and Strings [4]

Q9. A What is the need for user-defined functions in C? Explain with an example. [5]
B What is recursion? Write a recursive function to calculate the factorial of a number. [5]
C Explain the different categories of functions in C with examples: [4]

o No Arguments, No Return Value

o Arguments, No Return Value
o Arguments with Return Value
o No Arguments but Return a Value

OR
Q10. A Define a structure in C. Write a program to store information about a student (name, [5]
roll number, and marks) using structures and display it.
B What is User Defined Functions: write in brief about Definition of Functions, Return [5]
Values and their Types, Function Calls, Function Declaration,
C Differentiate between Call by Value & Call by Reference with Example. [4]

Q.No.5B:

/**
* C program to print day of week using switch case
*/

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int week;

/* Input week number from user */

printf("Enter week number(1-7): ");
scanf("%d", &week);

switch(week)
{
case 1:
printf("Monday");
break;
case 2:
printf("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
printf("Wednesday");
break;
case 4:
printf("Thursday");
 break;
case 5:
printf("Friday");
break;
case 6:
printf("Saturday");
break;
case 7:
printf("Sunday");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid input! Please enter week number between 1-
7.");
}

return 0;
}

Q.No.5C:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

double num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%lf", &num);
if (num <= 0.0) {
if (num == 0.0)
printf("You entered 0.");
else
printf("You entered a negative number.");
}
else
printf("You entered a positive number.");

return 0;
}

Q.No.6A:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) {

printf("%d * %d = %d \n", n, i, n * i);
}
return 0;
}
 Q.NO.7B:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n;
double arr[100];
printf("Enter the number of elements (1 to 100): ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {

printf("Enter number%d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%lf", &arr[i]);
}

// storing the largest number to arr[0]

for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
if (arr[0] < arr[i]) {
arr[0] = arr[i];
}
}

printf("Largest element = %.2lf", arr[0]);

return 0;
}
Run Code

Output

Enter the number of elements (1 to 100): 5

Enter number1: 34.5
Enter number2: 2.4
Enter number3: -35.5
Enter number4: 38.7
Enter number5: 24.5
Largest element = 38.70

This program takes n number of elements from the user and stores it in the arr array.
To find the largest element,

 the first two elements of array are checked and the largest of these two elements are
placed in arr[0]

 the first and third elements are checked and largest of these two elements is placed
in arr[0] .

 this process continues until the first and last elements are checked

 the largest number will be stored in the arr[0] position

 Q.No.7C:

1. #include<stdio.h>
2. #include<stdlib.h>
3. int main(){
4. int a[10][10],b[10][10],mul[10][10],r,c,i,j,k;
5. system("cls");
6. printf("enter the number of row=");
7. scanf("%d",&r);
8. printf("enter the number of column=");
9. scanf("%d",&c);
10. printf("enter the first matrix element=\n");
11. for(i=0;i<r;i++)
12. {
13. for(j=0;j<c;j++)
14. {
15. scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
16. }
17. }
18. printf("enter the second matrix element=\n");
19. for(i=0;i<r;i++)
20. {
21. for(j=0;j<c;j++)
22. {
23. scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
24. }
25. }
26.
27. printf("multiply of the matrix=\n");
28. for(i=0;i<r;i++)
29. {
30. for(j=0;j<c;j++)
31. {
32. mul[i][j]=0;
33. for(k=0;k<c;k++)
34. {
35. mul[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
36. }
37. }
38. }
39. //for printing result
40. for(i=0;i<r;i++)
41. {
42. for(j=0;j<c;j++)
43. {
44. printf("%d\t",mul[i][j]);
45. }
46. printf("\n");
47. }
48. return 0;
49. }
QNO 8B:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
float eng, phy, chem, math, comp;
float total, average, percentage;

printf("Enter marks of five subjects: :- ");

scanf("%f%f%f%f%f", &eng, &phy, &chem, &math, &comp);

total = eng + phy + chem + math + comp;

average = total / 5.0;
percentage = (total / 500.0) * 100;

printf("Total marks = %.2f\n", total);

printf("Average marks = %.2f\n", average);
printf("Percentage = %.2f", percentage);

return 0;
}

QNO 9B:

#include<stdio.h>
long int multiplyNumbers(int n);
int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n, multiplyNumbers(n));
return 0;
}

long int multiplyNumbers(int n) {

if (n>=1)
return n*multiplyNumbers(n-1);
else
return 1;
}
QNO 10 A:
// C Program to Store Information of Students Using Structure
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// Create the student structure

struct Student {
char* name;
int roll_number;
int age;
double total_marks;
};

int main() {

// Create an array of student structure variable with

// 5 Student's records
struct Student students[5];
int n = sizeof(students)/sizeof(struct Student);

// Get the students data

students[0].roll_number = 1;
students[0].name = "Geeks1";
students[0].age = 12;
students[0].total_marks = 78.50;

students[1].roll_number = 5;
students[1].name = "Geeks5";
students[1].age = 10;
students[1].total_marks = 56.84;

students[2].roll_number = 2;
students[2].name = "Geeks2";
students[2].age = 11;
students[2].total_marks = 87.94;

students[3].roll_number = 4;
students[3].name = "Geeks4";
students[3].age = 12;
students[3].total_marks = 89.78;

students[4].roll_number = 3;
students[4].name = "Geeks3";
students[4].age = 13;
students[4].total_marks = 78.55;

// Print the Students information

printf("========================================\n");
printf(" Student Records \n");
printf("========================================\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("\nStudent %d:\n", i + 1);
printf(" Name : %s\n", students[i].name);
printf(" Roll Number : %d\n", students[i].roll_number);
printf(" Age : %d\n", students[i].age);
printf(" Total Marks : %.2f\n", students[i].total_marks);
}
printf("========================================\n");