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The document outlines various mathematical concepts including linear equations in one, two, and three variables, algebraic formulas, trigonometric functions, and formulas related to circles, spheres, cylinders, cones, and cuboids. It also describes methods for calculating the mean, mode, and median of grouped data. Additionally, it includes a trigonometry table for specific angles and fundamental properties of powers.

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daksh2649
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9 views

formulas

The document outlines various mathematical concepts including linear equations in one, two, and three variables, algebraic formulas, trigonometric functions, and formulas related to circles, spheres, cylinders, cones, and cuboids. It also describes methods for calculating the mean, mode, and median of grouped data. Additionally, it includes a trigonometry table for specific angles and fundamental properties of powers.

Uploaded by

daksh2649
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Equations

One Variable ax+b=0 a≠0 and a&b are real numbers

Two variable ax+by+c = 0 a≠0 & b≠0 and a,b & c are real numbers

Three Variable ax+by+cz+d=0 a≠0 , b≠0, c≠0 and a,b,c,d are real numbers

Pair of Linear Equations in two variables

a1x+b1y+c1=0
a2x+b2y+c2=0

Algebraic formulas

 (a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

 (a-b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab

 (a+b) (a-b) = a2 – b2

 (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab

 (x + a)(x – b) = x2 + (a – b)x – ab

 (x – a)(x + b) = x2 + (b – a)x – ab

 (x – a)(x – b) = x2 – (a + b)x + ab

 (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)

 (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)

 (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz

 (x + y – z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy – 2yz – 2xz

 (x – y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 – 2xy – 2yz + 2xz

 (x – y – z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 – 2xy + 2yz – 2xz

 x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz -xz)

 x2 + y2 =½ [(x + y)2 + (x – y)2]

 (x + a) (x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b +c)x2 + (ab + bc + ca)x + abc

 x3 + y3= (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2)

 x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2)

 x2 + y2 + z2 -xy – yz – zx = ½ [(x-y)2 + (y-z)2 + (z-x)2]


Basic formulas for powers
 pm x pn = pm+n
 {pm}⁄{pn} = pm-n
 (pm)n = pmn
 p-m = 1/pm
 p1 = p
 P0 = 1
Trigonometry Table:

Angl 0° 30 45 60 90°
e ° ° °

Sinθ 0 1/ 1/ √3 1
2 √2 /2

Cosθ 1 √3 1/ ½ 0
/2 √2

Tanθ 0 1/ 1 √3 Undefin
√3 ed

Cotθ Undefi √3 1 1/ 0
ned √3

Secθ 1 2/ √2 2 Undefin
√3 ed

Cose Undefi 2 √2 2/ 1
cθ ned √3

Other Trigonometric formulas:

 sin(90° – θ) = cos θ

 cos(90° – θ) = sin θ

 tan(90° – θ) = cot θ

 cot(90° – θ) = tan θ

 sec(90° – θ) = cosecθ

 cosec(90° – θ) = secθ
 sin2θ + cos2 θ = 1

 sec2 θ = 1 + tan2θ for 0° ≤ θ < 90°

 Cosec2 θ = 1 + cot2 θ for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°

Circles Formulas For Class 10

 Circumference of the circle = 2 π r

 Area of the circle = π r2

 Area of the sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × π r2

 Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r

(r = radius of the circle)

 Sphere Formulas

Diameter of sphere 2r

Surface area of sphere 4 π r2

Volume of Sphere 4/3 π r3

 Cylinder Formulas

Curved surface area of 2 πrh


Cylinder

Area of two circular 2 πr2


bases

Total surface area of Curved surface area of Cylinder + Area of Circular


Cylinder bases = 2 πrh + 2 πr2

Volume of Cylinder π r2 h

 Cone Formulas

Slant height of cone l = √(r2 + h2)

Curved surface area of cone πrl


Total surface area of cone πr (l + r)

Volume of cone ⅓ π r2 h

 Cuboid Formulas

Perimeter of cuboid 4(l + b +h)

Length of the longest diagonal of a cuboid √(l2 + b2 + h2)

Total surface area of cuboid 2(l×b + b×h + l×h)

Volume of Cuboid l×b×h

(I) The mean of the grouped data can be found by 3 methods.

Direct Method:

x¯=∑i=1nfixi∑i=1nfi

where ∑fi xi is the sum of observations from value i = 1 to n

And ∑fi is the number of observations from value i = 1 to n

Assumed mean method :

x¯=a+∑i=1nfidi∑i=1nfi

where a is assumed mean and di is deviation of a from each of the xi.

Also, di = xi – a

Step deviation method :

x¯=a+∑i=1nfiui∑i=1nfi×h

where

ui=xi−ah

and h is class size

(II) The mode of grouped data:

Mode=l+f1−f02f1−f0−f2×h

l=lower limit of modal class.

h= size of the class interval

f1= frequency of modal class.


f0= frequency of the class preceding the modal class.

f2= frequency of the class succeeding the modal class.

(III) The median for a grouped data:

Median=l+n2−cff×h

l=lower limit of median class.

n= number of observations.

cf= cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class.

f= frequency of median class

h= class size

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