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Homework 2

This document outlines Homework 2 for a course on Finite Element Methods in Linear Structural Mechanics, focusing on a long hollow steel cylinder subjected to internal and external pressures. The homework consists of three main tasks: solving the problem using plane strain and axisymmetry assumptions, and evaluating the results against an analytical solution. Students are required to perform calculations related to nodal degrees of freedom, stiffness matrices, and stress evaluations, with a submission deadline of January 24, 2020.

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Yuhang Zhang
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21 views4 pages

Homework 2

This document outlines Homework 2 for a course on Finite Element Methods in Linear Structural Mechanics, focusing on a long hollow steel cylinder subjected to internal and external pressures. The homework consists of three main tasks: solving the problem using plane strain and axisymmetry assumptions, and evaluating the results against an analytical solution. Students are required to perform calculations related to nodal degrees of freedom, stiffness matrices, and stress evaluations, with a submission deadline of January 24, 2020.

Uploaded by

Yuhang Zhang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Finite Element Methods in Linear

Structural Mechanics
Homework 2 Prof.Dr.techn. G. Meschke
M.Sc. V. Gudžulić

Name: Matr.-Nr.:

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
To be submitted latest on Wednesday, 24.01.2020, to IC 6/167.
A B C D
This homework is parametrized by the last 4 digits of your student ID A B C D .

The geometry of the long hollow steel cylinder depicted in the Figure below is characterized by
two radii R1 and R2 . The cylinder is subjected to internal pressure pi and external pressure po .
Both pressures act on the whole inner/outer surface, respectively. The values of pi and po as well as
geometrical and material properties are given below. The aim of this exercise is to solve the given
problem using two approaches - plane strain and axisymmetry.

Figure 1: Long hollow cylinder under internal and external pressure

Geometry: Material parameters: Pressures:


A
R1 = 20 + 0.5 · (B + C) mm E = 210000 MPa pi = 5 + 10 bar
R2 = 70 − 0.4 · C mm ν = 0.27 + 0.003 · D po = 1 bar
Finite Element Methods in Linear
Structural Mechanics
Homework 2 Prof.Dr.techn. G. Meschke
M.Sc. V. Gudžulić

Task 1: Plain Strain Assumption


Since the cylinder is long, the mechanical problem can be considered as a plane strain problem
discretized by four 8-noded biquadratic serendipity elements (see Figure 2). The following tasks
should be performed:

Figure 2: Discretization in the case of plane strain assumption

1) Determine the unknown nodal degrees of freedom for the mechanical problem considering the
symmetries of the structure.

2) Compute the components of the Jacobi matrix for element 1 shown in Figure 2 in terms of
ξ1 and ξ2 .

3) Compute the stiffness matrix of the serendipity element for the unknown degrees of freedom
using numerical integration at 4 Gauss points.

Hint: Use the symmetry of the locations of Gauss points and the degrees of freedom to
reduce the computational effort.

4) Set up the consistent external load vector r.

5) Solve the mechanical system for unknown nodal displacements u.


 
6) Evaluate the stresses at the integration point with the local coordinates − √13 , √13 .
Finite Element Methods in Linear
Structural Mechanics
Homework 2 Prof.Dr.techn. G. Meschke
M.Sc. V. Gudžulić

Task 2: Axisymmetry Assumption


The considered long cylinder is axially symmetric. Due to this, one can use the axisymmetric
formulation to solve the problem. This is achieved by considering a cross-section of 1 m height with
suitably defined boundary conditions. The cross-section is discretized by one 8-noded biquadratic
serendipity element as shown in Figure 3. The following tasks should be performed:

Figure 3: Discretization in the case of axisymmetry assumption

1) Determine the unknown nodal degrees of freedom for the mechanical problem considering the
symmetries of the structure.

2) Compute the components of the Jacobi matrix for the element shown in Figure 3 in terms
of ξ1 and ξ2 .

3) Compute the stiffness matrix of the serendipity element for the unknown degrees of freedom
using numerical integration at 4 Gauss points.

Hint: Use the symmetry of the locations of Gauss points and the degrees of freedom to
reduce the computational effort.

4) Set up the consistent external load vector r.

5) Solve the mechanical system for unknown nodal displacements u.


 
6) Evaluate the stresses at the integration point with the local coordinates − √13 , √13 .
Finite Element Methods in Linear
Structural Mechanics
Homework 2 Prof.Dr.techn. G. Meschke
M.Sc. V. Gudžulić

Task 3: Evaluation of the Results


Compare the results of the the tasks 1.5 and 2.5 with the analytical solution provided by the for-
mula below. It represents the field of radial displacements ur , which depends only on the radial
coordinate r.
!
1+ν R2 R2 pi − po pi R12 − po R22
ur (r) = · 21 22 · + (1 − 2ν) r
E R2 − R1 r R12 R22

1) Compute the relative error at one of the nodes at the inner surface by using the following
formula. Provide a possible explanation for the deviation.

kuexact − uk
rel =
kuexact k

2) Provide a possible reason for the difference between the two results of the numerical calcula-
tions.

Remark: The homework tasks are supposed to be solved by hand. You may, of course, program
the solutions in order to check your hand calculations if you want.

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