hello my dear are you all excited shall we all get started Hi Sam tamilan w

Hari yes har we will do it very very soon please wait Frank wam ad rames Vidya glad
to see everybody hi raakesh arish Griff team will complete until LCR circuit so LCR
CC so session we will start with LCR Circ okay so physic part one then we will go
to chemistry part two physics it will be very helpful for you okay shall we all get
started in the next one and a half hours so the in the class or one and a half
hours to two hours so I will complete by 4:00

at Max at Max in the class Foundation this class is foundation for the next
class and next class I will teach you LCR Circ two the chapter nobody will skip
okay so let's get started so in the session welcome so that all of us can study
together okay s I'm sure all of you are already aware of that so let's get started
what is the difference between AC and DC guys I'm not not even lying I don't want
you guys to be like that I want you to be very well aware soang AC alternating
current DC Direct forward backward so periodically

the direction of current keeps changing ing that is what we call as alternating
current and alternating so don't ever say that is going to be alternating Cent why
alternating current because alternating current for transmitting over long distance
it is economical alting power loss is minimum when you transmit over a long
distance in the power generation power plant thermal power plant hydroelectric
power plant nuclear power plant wind energy of the power loss will be minimal that
is a very big advantage of

AC okay in the chapter topic you have two kinds of Transformers one is Step up
Transformer Step Down Transformer so using Transformers so in the Transformers you
can play around with voltage that is also an advantage with only AC current you
Transformers we are talking about Transformers we are talking about electromagnetic
induction electromagnetic induction your magnetic field the flux should change the
flux should change alternating current so shall I move forward everybody cool with
this yep

they'll be very very happy they'll know that you know everything you know a lot
about physics you will give that opinion okay so I want you to be clear so shall I
move forward C so direct current now it flows only in One Direction direct current
only in One Direction altern current will will periodically reverse the direction
forward backward I hope that is clear so variation of AC and DC AC sir direct
current now it will be a constant value sir direct direct current now it will be a
constant value

sir I hope all of you are able to follow that yes are you all clear my dear
boys and girls please let me know quick quick quick so AC Conant value and
Direction so half the cycle positive half the cycle negative and this is zero
Crossing so posi negative Al I hope all of you are clear so why do we prefer okay
shall I move forward everybody please let me know my dear boys and girls quick
quick quick quick I want everybody to be fast superb you guys are awesome fantastic
hi sarangapani cool boy shark welcome welcome to

our I'm scking to I don't want to confuse you I only teach you what is that in
ncam 95 very good let's go forward both these points I already covered now please
answer this question ahed ra this is for 12th standard in the class 12th standard
okay great great everybody please try to solve it and try to be fast I want you all
to be quick answer B very good alternating current is an electric current that
changes Direction periodically very good forward backward forward backward
alternating current so answer

is option b purely resistive circuit purely inductive circuit purely cap C next
I will combine all of them LCR Circ slow we will understand it okay okay let's go
so voltage when you have through a battery battery res battery with voltage V
current we know that V is equal tosw you find it out so it's an example of DC
current it's an example of DC it is called as direct current okay so number we are
studying alternating current we are studying a so AC the voltage will be
fluctuating the voltage will be

okay are you all ready shall we all get started very good super let provide AC
day 12th standard what is this stand curve you have AC volage AC volage in syb it
means ac voltage okay the source is providing you with ac voltage so number EMF or
voltage that you supply so purely resistive circuit all get into it formul shortcut
techniques shall we all get started it very good super this is what we going to
derive right now okay so resistance resistance I'm going to connect it with the
alternating voltage

source alting is the current going to be in a purely resistive circuit that is

what we will answer okay we are going to address how the current is going to be in
a purely resistive circuit so once we understand resistive circuit we will next go
to inductive circuit where we have only induct inductor then we will go to
capacitive circuit where we have only purely resis CC alternating current ac
voltage what is isage volage is equal to current in the circuit into resistance HS
law we'll apply HS law

we'll apply K's law and we will we will solve it okay so K's voltage lawrent so
I gain voltage V and here across a resistor I lose IR so V is equal to I across the
loop the total voltage should be zero the voltage gain and the voltage loss
everything should add up to zero kops Los so I gain V voltage here I gain V here
and I lose IR over here so gain V lose IR so they both should add up to zero they
both should add up to zero V is equal I so V it is VM sin Omega T it is an
alternating current voltage ac voltage

so ac voltage now it will look like this your voltage will be VM sin Omega T
what is VM VM is the peak voltage VM is the peak voltage VM is the PE AG sin Omega
T is the varying component sin Omega T takes care of the varying component it
varies sinus solidly with respect to time so VM sin Omega T is a voltage and that
is equal to I into R so R is a constant in your resistor I'm connecting so I'll
bring that R down so what will your current be your current is VM by R sin Omega T
so I is equal to

IM sin Omega T what is IM IM is the peak current IM is the peak current which
is Peak voltage divided by resistance did you all love it are you all clear how
many of you enjoyed this so resistance easy is also Peak voltage that's also finec
follow they have given following are you all clear I am just directly following
what is given in your textbook so that board exam useful maybe would have preferred
okay great so now let's move forward I hope all of you are happy so I'll keep going
forward I'll

teach very slow I'm sure everybody will understand you know I'm sure most of
you watch my recorded videos at twice the speed and catch up very good shall we all
go forward is oma what is the doubt I have written s Omega over here current value
so VM Peak current value IM is the peak current value VM is the peak voltage value
amplitude of voltage is VM amplitude of current is IM did you guys get it are you
all clear shall I move forward are you guys okay with this so far so good yes very
good we will try to play around with

this is alternating current volage ac voltage source ac voltage source you can
get alternating current you can get AC current acce amplitude you you'll call this
peak voltage or amplitude and Omega Omega angular frequency what is omega omega is
angular frequency rotational mechanics so Omega is angular frequency what is
frequency so frequency is number of cycles per second okay so Omega frequency this
is the relation Omega 2 F or 2 by T Basics basics for this chapter so you should
know how to find

Omega IF frequency is given how to find Omega if time period is given I want
you to be very very agile and ready for that okay great very good super is the time
instance T is the time instance because it's a ac voltage source the voltage will
vary with time time it is time dependent voltage got it I hope all of you are happy
until now so deration applying kvl what is kvl kof's voltage law kof's voltage law
so if you grow across the loop if you go across a loop what will happen the voltage
gain and the voltage loss everything should

add up to give zero okay so voltage gain in it is V and voltage loss is IR so V

minus I is zero so V is equal I so V voltage source is alternating voltage so VM
sin Omega T is equal to IR so I VM by R sin Omega T in the VM by R I write it as Im
so what is IM IM is this peak value of current which is the amplitude of current
which is VM by R so current amplitude is VM by r perfect do you all have full
clarity do you all have full clarity shall we move forward everybody very good
super pangla Val

level now shall we move forward very good ad very good aanii yes yes yes we'll
come to that wait wait super Frank Chris great job guys so the voltage across the
pure resistor and the current through it are plotted as a function of time so is
not difficult you know how to plot is everybody knows that do you all agree can you
all this so so time time t z so at time tal zero the current and voltage both will
be zero t z s Omega T is zero so voltage will be zero current also will be zero so
Z voltage will Peak at Pi by two sign 90

is sin 90 is 1 that's the peak value it will come down sin Pi is again zero up
it will go to the negative side and after Pi s is negative upo 3 Pi by 2 3 Pi by 2
it will be negative maximum it will come to 2 pi to be again zero for the gray
color graph for current why IM is less than VM rule IM is equal to VM by R so
General they have drawn it is not necessary but this is a general to indicate how
voltage and current behave okay so there is no pH difference Point griffer super
very good same face sir very very

very good what do you mean by same face same face pH so that is called as same
phas there is no phas difference between them so in a purely resistive circuit in a
pure resistor there is no face difference between the current and the voltage I
want you to understand that the zeros and the maximum of voltage and current occur
together the the zeros and the maximum of voltage and current occur together that
indicates that there is no change in phas there is no difference in phas are you
all clear so you say that

the current and the voltage are in phase for a purely resistive circuit for a
purely resistive circuit are you all happy with this shall I move forward very good
basics learning you have to be very very sharp so shall we proceed yes very good
you guys are awesome next part I will teach but before that I want you to solve one
question can you all try this I want you to be quick very good arut salent so what
is the answer latia W laa nice to have you here very good go Gamers kandipa I will
do that don't

worry so answer is what answer 50 now I'm confused how did you guys get 50 how
did you guys get 50 can you all please let me know how many times will the current
become zero in one second in one second how many times will the current become zero
I want everybody to please let me know quick quick quick great so shall we all
solve this togethera Omega is 50 or 50 Pi Omega is 50 Pi cos Omega T So this whole
term is Omega so Omega is what 2 pi F so 2 pi f is 50 Pi frequency frequency is 25
so in one second there are 25 Cycles so
 frequency 25 meaning in 1 second 25 Cycles are passing how many of you
understood did you all like it yes SOA in the 50 your voltage is 220 < tk2 COS of
Omega T So Omega is 50 Pi Omega Formula 2 pi f 2 pi f f 25 so f 25 second 25 Cycles
are passing by 25 waves are passing by okay 25 complete Cycles pass by if you see a
sinus wave so this is one wave so one BEC zero be like this this is how it goes I
hope all of you are clear okay everybody happy I hope all of you are able to
understand so I think it will be around 50 50 is

the answer okay did you all like it everybody happy everybody clear with this
sir yes cost is even easier cost is even more obvious you it is becoming zero it is
becoming zero are you all clear everybody happy with that everybody clear so you
have one more you have 51 because s in I'll draw three waves let's say one two
three soes so S three waves pass that'll be seven times where the current becomes
zero so answer 51 the answer would have been 51 it's very obviously answer is 50
current BEC zero two times current

becomes zero two times so 25 waves left frequency is 25 that means 25 waves
pass in 1 second 25 waves pass in 1 second so upo upo 25 into 2 * is 50 did you all
like it was it good Ive tried to explain very detailly but yeah it's a very d k so
I hope you all enjoyed it what is the unit of frequency Herz the unit of frequency
is Hertz Herz is 1 by second is one by second okay so shall we all get started very
good you guys are awesome so next what is average yes there is a formula for
average and I will teach you how to do

it listen carefully so average the average of any function with respect to time
you represent it like this you represent it like this or you represent it like this
so frequency this is any function varying with time okay the average of any
function varying with respect to time is equal to what integral F do DT by integral
DT from 0 to one time period from zero to one time period so the average value of f
in one cycle the average value of f in one cycle it the definition for average when
you have a

time varying function when you have a time varying function okay it formula we
will find out average power average current iify and study are you all clear
everybody happy with this so this is the formula for average of a function which is
varying with respect to time okay great are you all clear shall I move forward page
page number 179 sir sir so you need to understand you need to keep it in your brain
you need to have it in your mind will you do that for me in no compromise on that
no compromise on

that what is the of f f is Herz Herz unit of frequency listen listen I want you
to pay attention to the class of frequency isz it is one by second great sir Aver e
so 0 to time period sin Omega T DT divided by 0 to T sin Omega T integ integral is
minus COS of Omega T by Omega from 0 to one time period divid by easy easy it is
just T it is just T super everybody happy with that griender divid by W gender
multip GFF to Tator T So integral of DT is T upper limit is capital T lower limit
is zero so upper limit minus lower limit is T

minus Z which is T only shall I move forward very good super Li lower limit so
minus of COS of Omega capital T by Omega minus of minus plus Omega COS of Omega
into 0 Omega into 0 0 by Omega divided T So Omega T sir Omega isal 2 pi by time
period Omega into capital t is 2 so Omega capital t is 2 pi 2 of 2 is one COS of 2
pi is 1 so it'll be minus 1 by Omega + 1 by Omega by T sir Z did you all like it it
was it good did you enjoy it so far so good are you all clear so first one zero so
homework I did this you guys do this

okay will you all do that mind all the very best I I'll expect you to do well
and rock your preb boards okay you have all our wishes don't worry Sai very good AR
super sir do second one sir s so I will do cost okay because somebody saying sir
sir I will do the second one you guys try the first one okay great so scre go so I
did this and this is your homework now I'll do this this is your homework okay of
cost Square to T cos s t DT divid 0 to T dtat easat by 2 divide by two multip by
two divide by two yes sir

2 cos sare omeg 2 cos is 1 + cos 2et so 2 cos sare Theta is 1 + cos 2 Theta
what do we have it is equal to 1 + COS of 2 Omega t so either I'll integrate from 0
to T is that okay are you all clear with that everybody yes very good very good 2
so 2 into t 2 T 2 cos s t I wrote it as 1 + cos 2 Oma T Now integrate from 0 to T
now from to one is integration of one is T integration of cos 2 Omega T is what
integration of cos 2 Omega T is sin 2 Omega T by 2 Omega from 0 to T divided by 2T
super are you all happy are you all clear

soor capital T will become 2 capital T numerator is 1 + cos 2 Omega T DT

integral from Z to capital T 2 cos Square Omega T 1 + cos 2 Omega T trigonometry
formula 2 cos Square Theta is 1+ 2 1 + cos 2A so 1 cos 2 1 DT is integral of 1 DT
is T integral of cos 2 Omega T is sin 2 Omega T by 2 Omega from 0 to capital T
divided by 2T Sol put the upper limit put the lower limit you are done shall we all
completed so upper limit lower liit first we put the upper limit and then we'll put
lower limit and then

we'll find out what is the answer shall we all do it so upper limit upper limit
I'll get t plus sin 2 Omega t by 2 Omega - 0 + sin 2 Omega into 0 so that will be
zero only divided by 2T soang we know Omega T is what Omega T is 2 pi I'm so Omega
2 pi I can replace this with 2 pi so sin 2 into 2 pi is sin 4 Pi what is sin 4 Pi
sir s of any multiple of Pi any integral multiple of Pi is zero sign of any
integral multiple of Pi is zero zero so answer is T by 2T answer is half okay T so
if you divide by denominator T

then only you'll get average so then only you get 1 by two whatever I got I got
even the average value super important things which you are learning which you are
understanding that is great okay so shall we all move forward so I have proved both
the things to you for 90% it won't come 90% is not necessary you will only need in
the item in the item you'll be confident you don't have to go and write you have to
be confident what is the average value of current what is the average value of
current please let me know the average

value of current sir current for a purely resistive circuit when you have an
alternating voltage source for a purely resistive circuit when you have an
alternating voltage source the answer is zero answer zero I by root2 I by root2 is
the root mean Square value it is the RMS value of current RMS value of current Val
and uh and average value is okay very good super ISO M so of everything divided by
total number of observation correct do you all agree average value sum of
everything div the toal number of

observ so in the current in the current cancel this is positive current this is
negative same value of current you don't even have toate did you all like it are
you all happy I want you to think I want you to have many weapons in your hand so
that you can think in multiple Direction okay so now let's try to move forward and
let's try to finish this off so Pang mean average so I or this symbol so this is
going to be what formula 0 to one time period the value of I DT 0 to one time perod
dless current no no no

no we go to LC CC then we'll talk about it okay purely resis Circ IAL you
should have time varying current in the average formula is for a function which is
varying with respect to time this formula for average is something which is varying
with respect to time or it should vary with something is to what integral 0 to t i
sin Omega T DT by denominator T So IAL time perod Conant to T this equal to Z I
proved it to you IM by T into 0 is zero so the average value of current over one
cycle is mutai the average value of current over

one cycle is mutai did you all like it are you all clear zero to time period
sin Omega T DT I told you guys to remember that is why it is zero are you all happy
shall I move forward fantastic you guys are absolutely awesome so the average value
of AC over a complete cycle is zero the average value of a alternating current over
one complete cycle is mutai okay so remember this is a good result of current
please remember we find out average value of power average value of power okay
please be aware of these things okay

so shall we all get started super sir the sum of all the instantaneous current
over one cycle is average current zero average current current you will have a
corresponding negative current equal in magnitude so they will all cancel out and
that is why the average current is zero the average current over one cycle is zero
Anna this does not mean average power is zero yeah Power depends on I Square power
formul i sare r for DC for DC current for DC circuit power formula it is I Square R
so power depends on I square and not

I power will not be zero sirr Z is not zero it is not zero I want you to be
very clear about that so power is Square R so Jew law of heating H equal i s RT and
power is equal to i sare r so the power depends on the square of the current
average power is not zero it is not zero even though average current is zero so
average depends on I Square are you all clear everybody s of course raakesh yes
very good so shall I move forward sir but power is equal to VI sir go you have to
this I Square r r is a constant P that's

a nice question you're asking so GI is asking sir power equal so how can you
compare how can you say power is directly proportional to current you can say
directly proportional to current when one of them is constant when one of them is
held fixed your resistance that you're connecting is a constant so power is
directly proportional to the square of the current okay did you all like it are you
all able to follow shall I move forward I hope you're all able to understand super
I'm so glad everybody is able to

followa you will be able to grow and you will be able to understand got it okay
I want to teach you guys the average value of power can you all try to it on your
own you will feel very happy so please try it out everybody please try it out hurry
yes Harry you can do that also instantaneous power is v² by r or i s r or v i okay
depends on iare depends on Square I want you to understand that average current in
a in a AC for one cycle is zero power depends on the square of the current value
okay so I'm trying to make you

guys understand sir RMS yes I will teach you RMS also in the class I'll teach
you in depth so that all of you understand and grow and learn in the truest manner
okay very good Kish Kish of course you are allowed to do whatever you want correct
I correct v s rrect to make you guys understand power it depends on I Square when R
is constant because average current you should not conclude average power also zero
are you all clear very good very good how many of you have derived it soang what is
the average power sir

average power formula on this it is integral 0 to one time period i s r DT

divided by 0 to 1 time period DT so i s what is I sare I square is i² sin Square
Omega T into R DT divided by denominator on the T So average power is what sir s s
equal T by2 sir correct Super T by2 correct so average power is equ Al to IM s r by
2 so this is the average power for a purely resistive circuit when you have an
alternating current voltage very good super did you all like it fantastic boys and
girls small T by capital T by two small

T small instantaneous time capital T time period capital T time period of the
wave time period for one cycle P so capital D is time period don't tell small T
small T is different small T is instantaneous time that is a variable of
integration you cannot leave it at the variable of integration you should tell
capital D okay very good great so I hope all of you are clear shall I move forward
okay okay okay no problem I hope all of you have got it half so that is why
sometimes NC they tell half hour okay but it's worth it

it's worth it because now you understand it now you know how it works got it so
shall I move forward m so let's go forward to the sir before we go to the next
question I want everybody to answer this what is the average value of power over a
complete cycle T okay for for a purely resistive circuit for a purely resistive
circuit okay so answer is option b very good option b is the right answer sares ad
anuka very good griffer Frank arut sent dasan amini Tark very good very good no
problem rajar Arin super learn from basic Sam

tamilan correct Chris cria Alin fantastic you guys are awesome answer is option
b that is what we derived right now I'm sure all of you understand thato sir RMS
value sir so RMS value it is not very very compulsory to know but but I want you to
learn it I want you to at least know what it means so that college you will thank
me you will be happy that you know all of this already okay so RMS now root means
Square so if you have any quantity function which varies with time function which
varies with time

Root value of any random function varying with respect to time over some time
period let's say t is given by this formula root of mean of the square what is this
let me see how many of you are able to tell that very good raakesh super raakesh
griffer anuka super D this is the mean of your F Square this is the mean of f
Square do you all agree so mean of square I'm taking root root mean Square now do
you understand root mean Square value so this is the mean of the square and I'm
taking root of that and that is

why the name root mean Square got it are you all clear so RMS formula I hope
all of you are clear so RMS value is known as the effective value or virtual value
of AC current and pangs so NC TT 220 so that is going to be your RMS value so using
that you have to find out the peak voltage so I will come to that so shall we all
move forward so RMS value of current so can you all do that so I want you to find
out irms can you do it for a purely resistive circuit for a purely resistive
circuit current is equ Al to

sin Omega so I want you to find outs value Peak value by < tk2 so the answer is
the answer is Peak value amplitude byun2 so Square root of 0 to time period
function Square function current so current Square i s sin Square Omega T DT
divided by denominator denominator is time period T so sare sare you will get
square integral of 0 to T integral of 0 to T sign ingal of sin Square Omega t 0 to
time period is T by 2 and denominator I already have t so in the T canc so the
answer is Sir RMS value of

current is equal to IM byun2 similarly similarly your vrms is also V by < tk2
okay did you all like it was it good MAA we have understood how to derive how to
bring it now nobody should have any problem inate RMS now you should have it in
your mind you should know how it is coming okay shall I move forward very good
super then we go forward okay so so RMS value of AC over one com complete cycle AC
current over one complete cycle is what it is going to be IM by < tk2 IM by root2
is 0.707 IM okay and you can find out RMS

voltage so current my you can find out the voltage also so VMS is equal to
again Peak voltage byun2 so question question so they'll give you V 2age VMS 220 p
volage is what p volage is root2 vrms so it is root2 into 220 so shall I move
forward okay great super instantaneous current okay and in the P value IM and I
irms in the capital I in the capital I irms and that is what that is 0.707 the peak
value so Peak value 70% approximately so Peak value 7% CSR okay blue instantaneous
current and in the the peak value so in the peak

value okay are you all clear superb I hope all of you have understood it now
let's move move forward and try to understand why we are learning RMS listen
carefully the average power that we found out is i² R by < tk2 by two Le so can I
write the same thing as I IM byun2 whole square into R do you agree yes so very
good Shish you are right Shri arish so can I write this as irms square into R
average power so DC formula DC what is power I or i s r or I have to use irms AC I
have to use vrms so if you use the RMS values for

voltage and current you can use the DC formula which you learned in lower
grades even for AC super did you all like it are you all clear so advantage of
writing in RMS CH I hope all of you are clear s so you can write power you can
write it also as irms into VMS you can also write as V RMS squ by R so all of this
is correct this is also right this is also right this is also right I wrote it in
RMS value so RS value DC formula I can use it for average power of AC circuit also
are learning diagrams are you ready my dear boys and

my dear girls everybody please let me know in the chat very good so tackle har
super Chris Ros Arin okay so let's go forward and try to understand what are phases
okay so RS the relation between values in AC circuits are essentially the same as
those for DC so DC I have to use RMS values okay now D I have to use RMS values
great phes so pH we will study inductor capacitor when connected to a ac voltage
source okay so resistance they have no pH difference correct differ they are both
in PH in face they have the same time Maximas the

same time they come to zero in they have no pH difference when we study
inductor circuit capacitor Circ the current and voltage will have a phase
difference so purely inductive circuit go or purely capacitive circuit go they will
have pH difference between current and voltage so upo you need to understand them
better and you need to derive LCR circuit so phasers are very helpful so phasers
will tell you what is the phase difference between your current and voltage shall
we all get started are you

ready so what are phases Pang phases are basically arrows they are like vectors
vectors or arrows rotating in anticlockwise Direction ction and they represent
scalar quantities phases on Arrow they are like a vector they rotate they they
signify or they represent vectors phers are going to represent your voltage and
current both your voltage and current are scalars voltage is obviously scalar
current it is it is actually neither scalar nor Vector it is something else we'll
come to that later but yeah right

now think of it as both are scalars so your phases even though they are
pointing towards the direction even though they rotating they are going to
represent scalar quantities which is your current and voltage got it are you all
clear so so phaser a vertical component so when you have a phaser when you have a
phaser like this so it has two components it have vertical component it have
horizontal component so this angle which it makes with the horizontal is Omega T
because it is rotating the phaser the phaser is

rotating with an angular velocity with an angular frequency of Omega so after

time T it would have moved Omega T angle correct the phaser is rotating with an
angular speed with an angular velocity of Omega so after time T it would have moved
an angle Omega T correct do you all agree so Z it would have moved an angle of
Omega T and anticlockwise Okay so the the vertical component will be what the
vertical component is V sin Omega T do you agree so the vertical component is going
to represent the instantaneous value of
 voltage the vertical component will signify the instantaneous value of voltage
correct do you all agree with me on that why not clockwise math angle is always
measured anticlockwise angles are always measured in anticlockwise Direction so
whatever angle you're rotating it's always anticlockwise clockwise now it is
negative angle any angle in maths any angle in physics if it is positive it is
measured anticlockwise if it is clockwise then you are saying that the angle is
negative very good super so so let's say

is representing the voltage vertical component will be S Omega T along the away
from the angle sign so I'm moving away from the angle so the vertical component is
V sin Omega T So V sin Omega is the instantaneous voltage the voltage at a
particular time instance so it signifies the sinus solidly varying component so the
vertical component will signify will represent the sinus solidly varying quantity
of the voltage P are you all clear and what is the L L of the phaser sir is length
sir what is the length of

this phaser this phaser length is the peak voltage the phasal length is nothing
but your Peak voltage VM okay so voltage the magnitude of phaser the length of this
phaser is the peak voltage or Peak current whatever you seeing okay Sama shall we
all move forward yes forward signifies it either your voltage or current Bas differ
so pH is a rotating Vector yeah rotating because it is moving with an angular
velocity of Omega the phas will rotate anticlockwise with an angular velocity of
Omega what is

Omega okay so after the time T second After Time T the angle covered is Omega T
So Omega T the angle covered now the vertical component for voltage will be VM sin
Omega T So vertical component so vertical component signifies what it signifies the
instantaneous value it signifies the instantaneous value and the second instant
volage vertical component so vertical component will represent the sinusoidally
varying component and the magnitude of length the length of the phaser will talk
about Peak voltage or Peak current S I have

represented here so for a purely resistive circuit for a purely resis CC the
voltage and current both are in the same direction super so for a purely resistive
circuit purely resistive circuit the current and voltage are in Phase they are in
the same phase they don't have any phas difference they don't have any angle
between them did you all like it are you all clear everybody happy with this why is
V greater than r r i why is V greater than I because the relationship is VM is
equal to I IM is equal to VM by R so are relationship so

they're assuming resistance is more than one it's just a representation don't
worry too much about it so IM is BM by R okay and what is I I is equal to I sin
Omega T and V is equal to v m sin Omega for a purely resistive circuit are you all
clear so omeg Oma so current Omega Vol they are in the same angle they don't have
any angle between them difference are you all clear so I magnitude blue magnitude
so I vertical component is IM sin Omega T1 V the vertical component VM sin Omega T1
so voltage at that instance

is current at that instance so voltage and current at any instance they are in
face they start from zero together they reach the peak together they reach again
zero together they again go to negative Peak together again they come back to zero
together that is why they are called in phas super M are you all happy my dear boys
and girls shall I move forward did you all enjoy it so far so good yes indac CC we
need to know what is the face difference face difference indicator great don't
don't fear you have three

four months okay two parts two parts I'll try to finish it in two parts maximum
three okay it is just we'll finish it and we'll keep going forward so shall we all
move forward so let's go to the next one where we have ac voltage source connected
to an inductor Okay so how does the current behave is there any voltage is there
any phase difference between the voltage and the current we will study all of that
okay you are absolutely right I want you to be attentive I want you to be
aggressive yes so next half an

hour I want your fullest attention let's go boys and girls you'll go to college
and you'll learn how to deal with it okay so right now we are going to say IND we
assume that this inductor has negligible resistance that means it is purely
inductive circuit that means it is purely inductive resistance it will become LR
circuit okay I want to First understand how an inductor behaves I want to study
only inductor resistance I'll assume it to be zero because if you take resistance
it becomes LR circuit in inductor

resistance circuit okay are you all clear very good so what is the source
voltage sir it is ac voltage source okay so this is a ac voltage source ac voltage
source it is going to provide you with the voltage which is given over here so that
let the voltage across the source be V is equal to VM VM is the peak voltage or
amplitude Peak voltage or amplitude CH and S Omega T is the time varying component
s Omega T is a Time varying sinusal component very good so K's voltage law can you
apply KL kop voltage law sir

voltage gain is V M sin Omega T be minus l d by DT across the inductor the

voltage we studied it in last chapter when we studied inductance Mutual inductance
self inductance I hope you remember so minus l d by DT equal to Z so easy so what
will I have I have L di by DT is equal to VM sin Omega T So L I'll bring it to the
right hand I want to find outr this is the differential equation so if I want
current I need to integrate it did you all understand that how many of you are able
to follow it if you want

current From Here My Dear boys and girls you need to integrate it why because
what you have is a differential equation in current so now I will take DT to the
other side di is equal to VM by L sin Omega T DT so now if I integrate both sides
I'll get what I is equal to VM by L sin Omega T integral is minus cos Omega T by
Omega and when you integrate you add a constant of integration so the answer so I
have found out the answer how many of you enjoyed it minus VM by Omega L cos Omega
t plus C so this is my

current how many of you liked it so far so good so far so good no no I will do
it in a different way learn from basic you Noto I'm following your ncrt okay so the
constant of integration is zero yeah Source voltage over one cycle its average
value zero you cannot have a constant which is independent of time current let's
say time is I'm starting from uh zero time or time when current is initially zero
you will have a Time independent constant that is not possible that is not possible
okay you cannot have a Time independent constant

when you have an ac voltage which is averaging zero okay so the the constant of
integration will be zero are you all clear everybody happy with that let's go
forward so constant of integration Z and now so this is your current so your
current is what I is equal to so VM by L VM by Omega L VM by Omega L is I minus cos
Omega T can I write it as can I write it as Sin of Omega tusun by 2 can I write it
as s of Omega T minus by 2 do you all agree tus that is equivalent to this
trigonometry 11 trigonometry Allied

angles s of Omega T minus piun by 2 is minus cos Omega T I hope you all
remember that okay very good so sir the current is lagging the voltage by pi by2
how many of you understand that the current is lagging the voltage by pi by2 yes
very good super P you guys are absolutely awesome very good super learn from basic
you're absolutely right Shabana very good go 12th notes will be soon given to all
of you don't worry okay super so I hope you all enjoyed the deration easy it's very
very simple okay

so current we have derived it the value of current is what I is equal to I IM

sin Omega T minus < by 2 did you all like it so integration constant zero why is
the constant of integration Z you need to write that reason integration zero
because the source voltage is fluctuating about zero The Source voltage The Source
voltage is what VM that is oscillating about zero so the source voltage is
oscillating about zero so definitely the current also should be oscillating symm
Ally about zero it cannot have a Time

independent constant it cannot have a Time independent value okay answer is

your instant integration constant is zero VM sin Omega T sir and I it is I IM s
Omega tus by2 current or the face so the current is lagging the voltage by pi by2
the current is lagging the voltage by pi by2 do you understand that is important
raw so for a inductor the current lags the voltage by pi by2 are you all clear
everybody every body happy super so let's draw the face diagram okay so face di
let's say this is your this is your voltage so

voltage face Omega T Omega T is the pH of the voltage so current will be Omega
T minus Pi by 2 so Omega T clock anticlockwise minus Pi by2 clockwise so this will
be your current super did you all like it y did you all like it so this will be
your phaser diagram for voltage and current so voltage is leading the current by pi
by two current is lagging the voltage by pi by two did you all understand that
everybody clear for resistor both will be in Phase yes Shri arish you are correct
it will be V sin Omega

T So magnitude VM so it be VM comp sin Oma tus by2 the whole angle we will try
to find it out let's let's try to do it together so I sin Omega tus by2 can anybody
do that everybody please think and let me know so Omega T 90 minus Omega T so this
will be what this will also be Omega T do you all agree this will also be Omega T
and this will be 90 om so this component will be I cos omeg T in the negative
Direction I cos om T but negative Direction P I hope you understood it so that's
that's what we have

exactly did you all like it direction is negative direction is downward so you
put a minus sign so we have the same thing over here I minus I cos Omega T
brilliant did you all love it very good super P so that's how you do it I hope you
enjoyed it so pangla what did we get sir I is equal to i s t i it as VM by I is
equal VM by Omega l so this is equal to IAL V by R so IM is equal to VM by Omega l
so us current current is equal to V by R Us so Omega L is called as inductive
reactant inductive reactance and it is like resistance it

opposes the flow of current it opposes your current so another it's called as
inductive reactance what is inductive reactance it is Omega L and what are the
units of Omega L ohms the units of Omega L is ohms okay so it is called inductive
reactance it is going to behave like resistance opposing your current and it is
units is ohms and is represented as your XL okay are you all clear so XL is your
inductive reactance I hope you all enjoyed it so inductive reactance is Omega L
Omega is what Omega is 2 pi f

Omega is 2 pi F so 2 pi F into l so it is directly proportional to frequency it

is directly proportional to frequency so frequency zero now zero frequency here now
your inductive reactance will also increase so it is directly proportional to
frequency because L is a constant inductor is a constant 2 pi is also constant
happier very good super yes Haram you are absolutely right did you all enjoy it so
far so good great please do it fast answer is zero the resistance offered to
inductor by DC is zero why because for DC
 frequency is mutai frequency is M okay exactly we have resistance to be zero
are you all clear squ so shall we all move forward yes fantastic pangla great so
now let's move forward to the next one so inductive reactant I have mentioned to
you very clearly so Peak value of current is equal to Peak value of voltage by
inductive reactance inductive reactance is omega L Omega L okay great so this is
what I wanted to show you so the voltage and current how are they related how is
the face related the current is lagging the voltage by Pi

by2 Pi by two 1/4 of the cycle correct ccle 2 pi cyle 2 pi radians so Pi by 2

now it is4 four of the cycle so the voltage and current they differ by 1/4 of a
cycle the current is lagging the voltage by 1/4 of a cycle do you all understand so
that is what I've drawn here so voltage zero and current will be negative Peak
voltage maximum current will be zero and voltage zero orer current will be maximum
so you see there is a lag of 1/4 of the cycle I hope you are able to understand
half cycle it is quarter of a

cycle exactly Half of Half cycle yes yes yes okay so the current lacks the
voltage by pi by two or one quarter of a cycle great so now let's find out average
power in an inductor let's try to figure it out let's finish this off I want you
all to join me and find what is the average power over one complete cycle for an
inductor come on guys don't give up what is the average power let's figure it out
average power before finding average power let's figure out instantaneous power
instantaneous power

is what it is V into I Instant Power is V into I okay so V is what V is v m sin

Omega t i is what I it will be sin Omega T minus < by2 so instantaneous power is VM
I and I will write as minus cos Omega T sin Omega T into I will write as minus cos
Omega T so what is instantaneous power it is minus VM I sin Omega T cos Omega T
I'll multiply by 2 divide by 2 so I'll get what 2 sin Omega T cos Omega T what is 2
sin Omega T cos Omega T it will be sin 2T so minus of VM I sin 2 Omega T by two so
this is

your instantaneous power I hope you enjoyed it how many of you liked it did you
all enjoy it for a purely resistive Circ I hope you understood soang this is your
instantaneous power minus half v m i sin 2 Omega T okay are you all clear very good
so average power to time period instaneous power into DT by 0 to one time period DT
so denominator sir denominator T sir numor sir 0 to T minus of in the value sir
instant power instantaneous power I have to integrate instantaneous power I have to
integrate so minus of

half VM I into sin 2 Omega T DT so con if I bring all the constants outside
what will I have minus VM I by 2T I love integral of sin 2 Oma T sin 2 sin 2al cos
2 Omega T by 2 Omega from 0er to time period so the you will get zero you can check
it so the average power will be zero how many of you understood that Deepak very
good Deepak Nala Kaa wome nice to see you here Griffin very good gender so minus
yes yes yes minus of integral of sin TOA T is minus and Theus okay so integral of
sin 2 Oma T is

minus of cos 2 Omega T by 2 Omega from limits 0 to T so everything into zero

zero so the average power over one complete cycle for a purely inducted circuit is
zero okay did you all like it are you all clear fantastic daa daa you're also right
very well done boys and girls so they have done the same thing what I told you okay
so the average power supplied to an IND inductor over one complete cycle is M so
capacitor the last topic so we are going to study for same results average we find
out current so current

and then average power okay and Liv Jefferson Liv I I have thought it very
slowly you can pull the video back and watch it you in the video I want to finish
this off with this we are done I will teach you I will try to help you out okay so
we found out inductance po we have capacitor alone so capacitor connected to a ac
voltage source capacitor connected to a ac voltage source okay so ac voltage source
sir ac voltage source VM sin Omega sir so ac voltage source what voltage VM not
Peak voltage VM is Peak voltage I'm

using the same notation as in your ncrt or you can call it amplitude or you can
call it amplitude what is omega Omega is the angular frequency of the source Omega
is the angular frequency and Omega is 2 pi F where f is the frequency of the source
and time is that instantaneous time okay so when capacitors connected to an AC
Source it limits or regulates the current but does not completely prevent the flow
of charge DC DC charging of cap do you all remember you must be knowing charging
discharging of a

capacitor it just regulates the current it does not completely prevent or stop
the flow of charges I hope you remember that so try to correlate with what you
learned in DC s so the capacitor is alternately charged and discharged as the
current reverses every half cycle so AC so half so the capacitor when you connect
it to a AC source for half cycle it will get charged for half cycle it will get
discharged this process will continue okay I hope all of you are able to follow so
so the source voltage is VM sin Omega

T the capacitance or the voltage is Q by C we all know that clear the voltage
across a capacitor plate is charged on the capacitor divided by capacitance okay
are you all clear so V isal Q by C K's voltage La we can equate them so equate them
and start solving very simple so your voltage by source is equal to voltage across
capacitance so Q by C is equal to VM sin Omega T So Q is equal to CVM sin Omega T
now what do I want I want to understand so how do I bring current from charge
current is nothing but rate of change of

charge rate of the flow of charge DQ by DT the rate of flow of charge is your
current so it is not integration griffer it is differentiation so you differentiate
with respect to time you differentiate with respect to time so what do you get CVM
sin Omega T differentiation is cos Omega T into Omega so DQ by DT is current so
current is equal to C Omega VM into cos Omega T this is your current we have
derived it easy how easy dubaku deration how easy duac deration okay did you all
enjoy it are you all clear that's it

over it is very straightforward got it very good super so in the COS Omega I
will write it as s of Omega T +k by2 okay in the C I write sin of Omega T +k by 2
sin of 90 + Theta is cos Theta so correct okay because I want to compare the pH
difference between current and voltage I want to understand the phase difference
between your current and voltage so difference easy pH difference sir the current
is leading the voltage by pi by two the current leads the voltage by pi by2 did you
all like it are you all

clear the current leads the voltage by pi by2 do you all understand that so in
a capacitors in a purely capacitor circuit your current will lead the voltage by pi
by two so the current will lead the voltage by 1/4 of a cycle the current will lead
the voltage by quarter of a cycle okay are you all clear I hope you enjoyed it my
dear boys and girls so am so this is your amplitude or Peak current so your Peak
current your Peak current is C Omega VM so if you compare it to I equal V by R then
you can say that the capacitive

reactance is 1 by Omega C I can write this as IM is equal to VM by 1 by Omega C

so if I compare IAL V by R resistance 1 by Omega C so 1 by Omega C is called
capacitive reactant 1 by Omega C is called capacitive reactant ohms ohms did you
all like it are you all clear very good super easy I hope you enjoyed it so this 1
by Omega C is called capacitive reactant and it is inversely proportional to
frequency and Omega is 2 pi F so Omega 2 pi F now capacitive reactance is 1 by C
into 2 pi F so capacitance is going to

be constant 2 pi is a constant so your capacitive reactance is inversely

proportional to frequency so frequency capacitance capacit frequency so low
frequency High inductive Capac sorry capacitive reactant low frequency high indu
high capacitive reactant okay high frequency you will have low capacitive reactants
I hope you understood that so fre inversely proportional the graph will be like
that okay super this anyway I've thought you voltage is lagging behind current so
for a capacitor connected to a voltage

source the current will lead the voltage by pi by2 the current is leading the
voltage by 1/4 of a cycle okay are you all clear everybody happy did you all enjoy
it yes DC current how do you charge and discharge a capacitor think about it then
you'll understand it'll make sense okay so now let's derive power last topic so
average power for a capacitor connected to a ac voltage source we are done so let's
do that fast okay so what is power instantaneous instantaneous power for a
capacitor is VI so V is what VM sin Omega

t i is what I is going to be C Omega v m you will have COS of Omega T so we

have instantaneous power is equal to C Omega V m² sin Omega T cos Omega T So
multiply by two divide by two so if I multiply by two divide by two I will get IM
VM by 2 sin 2 T this is IM Peak value of current so IM VM easy so into VM sin Oma T
cos om T So then I'm multiplying by two and I'm dividing by two why I'm multiplying
by two and dividing by two because 2 sin Theta cos Theta is sin 2 Theta 2 sin Theta
cos Theta is sin 2 Theta

that's what I've done okay are you all clear so instantaneous power instant
second okay that instant but we want average power average power formula I already
Tau you average of anything 0 to one time period whatever you are finding into DT
by 0 to one time period DT I so you can find the average power let's figure it out
so average power is what 0 to one time period i VM by 2 sin 2 Omega T DT by time
period integral 0 to T DT is capital T so now bring IM VM by 2 outside average
power is equal to IM VM

by 2T you'll have integral 0 to T sin 2 Omega T DT Z aage power is zero you can
derive that average power is mutai okay so even for a capacitor connected to a ac
voltage source the average power in one cycle is mutai so capacitor induct C
average power is zero I hope you liked it are you all clear Happ very good that's
it this is what I wanted to teach and face diagram face diagram let's let's see
that also so let's say this is your voltage it is Omega T your current will lead
your current will lead the voltage by pi by2 so for a

capacitor the phaser diagram super I will teach youc okay CC we will kill itely
resis CC purely inductive circuit purely capacitive circuit will without fail okay
so before you leave try to solve this Pang Selena Gabby it's done over last so you
guys can leave I hope you enjoyed the session the video board exam mock test we
have conducted we have given you guys for free passion and goal for you guys okay
so Pang C Capac is 1 by Omega C so is one by Omega Omega is 2 pi frequency
frequency frequency f c 25 microad

micron 10^ minus 6 so it is going to be what 1 by 4 into 25 is 100 100 into

th000 is 10 power 5 so 2 pi into 10 10^ 5 into 10^ - 6 so that will be what so 10
power 5 10 - 6 10 powerus one 10us one 10 1 by 2 pi which is 5 by pi so C is the
right answer very good Tamil Sam tamilan you are right very good griender balam
Moran tomorrow we'll have AC second part tomorrow we'll try to complete the whole
chapter all the very best friend sh that is the only thing I ask in return will you
all do that not just your friends

your classmates your Juniors 11th so that all of us will have a great time
learning and growing together okay thank you so much love you all see you in the
next one Pang all the best bye-bye