AgEng 22

Basic Farm Machinery,

Mechanization, and Water Management

PROBLEM SET NO. 03

Instruction:
Solve all the problems given in this set. The problems may be solved with
books, notes, and other references opened. You may consult your instructors,
classmates, and others whom you feel could help you better understand and solve
the problems. All solutions and answers must be submitted on 04 March 2024 during
our class schedule. All solutions must be done on A4 size bond paper and
written on one side only.
𝑆𝑊
1. CT = is a known formula for theoretical field capacity where:
10
CT = theoretical
field capacity,
ha/hr S =
speed, kph
W=
width of cut,
m Derive the
said formula (5
points).
Ans: The formula for field capacity (C) is given by:
C=S*W

Where:
C = field capacity (ha/hr)
S = speed of the machine (kph)
W = width of cut (m)

To convert the field capacity from hectares per hour (ha/hr) to hectares
per second (ha/s), we need to divide the field capacity by 3600, which is
the number of seconds in an hour.

C = S * W / 3600

Now, to derive the formula for theoretical field capacity (CT), we need to
multiply the field capacity (C) by a correction factor of 10.

CT = 10 * C
= 10 * (S * W / 3600)
= SW / 360
Simplifying further, we can divide both the numerator and denominator by
10:

CT = SW / 10

Therefore, the derived formula for theoretical field capacity is CT = SW /

10, where CT represents the theoretical field capacity in hectares per
hour, S represents the speed of the machine in kilometers per hour, and
W represents the width of the cut in meters.

𝑆𝑊
2. CT = is a known formula for theoretical field capacity where:
8.25
CT = theoretical
field capacity,
acres/hr S =
speed, miles per
hour (mph)
W=
width of cut,
ft Derive the
said formula (5
points).
Ans: To derive the formula for theoretical field capacity (CT = SW/8.25) with
the given units, we can follow a similar approach as before.

The formula for field capacity (C) is given by:

C=S*W

Where:
C = field capacity (acres/hr)
S = speed of the machine (mph)
W = width of cut (ft)

To convert the field capacity from acres per hour (acres/hr) to acres per
minute (acres/min), we need to divide the field capacity by 60, which is
the number of minutes in an hour.

C = S * W / 60

Now, to derive the formula for theoretical field capacity (CT), we need to
multiply the field capacity (C) by a correction factor of 8.25.

CT = 8.25 * C
= 8.25 * (S * W / 60)
= SW / 7.272727
Simplifying further, we can divide both the numerator and denominator by
0.9090909:

CT = SW / 8.25

Therefore, the derived formula for theoretical field capacity is CT = SW /

8.25, where CT represents the theoretical field capacity in acres per hour,
S represents the speed of the machine in miles per hour (mph), and W
represents the width of the cut in feet.

3. A machinery is used for harvesting

operation has the following: Speed =
1.8 m/sec
Widt
h of
cut =
2m
Field
efficie
ncy =
80%.
a. Determine the theoretical field capacity in ha/hr
b. Determine the theoretical field capacity in ha/day
c. Determine the theoretical field capacity in acres/hr
d. Determine the theoretical field capacity in acres/day
e. Determine the effective field capacity
f. Determine the field efficiency (%)

a. To determine the theoretical field capacity in ha/hr, we can use the

formula CT = SW/10.

Given:
Speed (S) = 1.8 m/sec
Width of cut (W) = 2 m

CT = (1.8 * 2) / 10
CT = 0.36 ha/hr

Therefore, the theoretical field capacity is 0.36 ha/hr.

b. To determine the theoretical field capacity in ha/day, we need to

multiply the theoretical field capacity in ha/hr by the number of hours in a
day.
Number of hours in a day = 24

Theoretical field capacity in ha/day = 0.36 ha/hr * 24 hr

Theoretical field capacity in ha/day = 8.64 ha/day

Therefore, the theoretical field capacity is 8.64 ha/day.

c. To determine the theoretical field capacity in acres/hr, we can use the

conversion factor: 1 ha = 2.47105 acres.

Theoretical field capacity in acres/hr = 0.36 ha/hr * 2.47105 acres/ha

Theoretical field capacity in acres/hr = 0.8891 acres/hr

Therefore, the theoretical field capacity is 0.8891 acres/hr.

d. To determine the theoretical field capacity in acres/day, we can

multiply the theoretical field capacity in acres/hr by the number of hours
in a day.

Theoretical field capacity in acres/day = 0.8891 acres/hr * 24 hr

Theoretical field capacity in acres/day = 21.3384 acres/day

Therefore, the theoretical field capacity is 21.3384 acres/day.

e. The effective field capacity is the actual field capacity achieved in the
field, taking into account factors such as delays, maneuvering, and non-
working time.

To determine the effective field capacity, we need to multiply the

theoretical field capacity by the field efficiency.

Given:
Field efficiency = 80%

Effective field capacity = 0.36 ha/hr * 0.8

Effective field capacity = 0.288 ha/hr

Therefore, the effective field capacity is 0.288 ha/hr.

f. The field efficiency is the ratio of the effective field capacity to the
theoretical field capacity, expressed as a percentage.

Field efficiency = (Effective field capacity / Theoretical field capacity) *

100

Field efficiency = (0.288 ha/hr / 0.36 ha/hr) * 100

Field efficiency = 80%

Therefore, the field efficiency is 80%.

 4. At 8 AM, the manager manager watches the tractor operator
plowing a rectangular field and gathers the following information:
Width
of cut = 120 cm Distance
= 95 m
Time of travel = T1 = 2
min; T2 = 3 min; and T3 = 4 min
At 5 PM, the length covered is
200 m.
a. Determine the theoretical field capacity in ha/hr
b. Determine the theoretical field capacity of acres/hr
c. Determine the effective field capacity in ha/day
d. Determine the effective field capacity in acres/day
e. Determine the field efficiency

Ans:
Given:
Width of cut (W) = 120 cm = 1.2 m
Distance (D) = 95 m
Time of travel:
T1 = 2 min
T2 = 3 min
T3 = 4 min
Length covered at 5 PM = 200 m

a. To determine the theoretical field capacity in ha/hr, we need to

calculate the total time of travel (T) in hours.

Total time of travel (T) = (T1 + T2 + T3) / 60

T = (2 + 3 + 4) / 60
T = 0.15 hr

Theoretical field capacity (CT) = (Distance * Width of cut) / (Total time of

travel * 10)
CT = (95 * 1.2) / (0.15 * 10)
CT = 7.6 ha/hr

Therefore, the theoretical field capacity is 7.6 ha/hr.

b. To determine the theoretical field capacity in acres/hr, we can use the

conversion factor: 1 ha = 2.47105 acres.
Theoretical field capacity in acres/hr = 7.6 ha/hr * 2.47105 acres/ha
Theoretical field capacity in acres/hr = 18.78 acres/hr

Therefore, the theoretical field capacity is 18.78 acres/hr.

c. To determine the effective field capacity in ha/day, we need to calculate

the total length covered in a day.

Total length covered = 200 m

Effective field capacity = (Total length covered * Width of cut) / (Area of a

hectare * 10)
Effective field capacity = (200 * 1.2) / (10,000 * 10)
Effective field capacity = 0.024 ha/day

Therefore, the effective field capacity is 0.024 ha/day.

d. To determine the effective field capacity in acres/day, we can use the

conversion factor: 1 ha = 2.47105 acres.

Effective field capacity in acres/day = 0.024 ha/day * 2.47105 acres/ha

Effective field capacity in acres/day = 0.0593 acres/day

Therefore, the effective field capacity is 0.0593 acres/day.

e. The field efficiency can be calculated by dividing the effective field

capacity by the theoretical field capacity and multiplying by 100.

Field efficiency = (Effective field capacity / Theoretical field capacity) *

100
Field efficiency = (0.024 ha/day / 7.6 ha/hr) * 100
Field efficiency = 0.3158%

Therefore, the field efficiency is 0.3158%.

 5. A combine is travelling 1.8 m every second. It’s width of cut is 4 m. In one minute’s
time, 40 kg of grain are collected in the grain tank and 60 kg of material are
discharged out of the rear of the machine.
a. Determine the material capacity in kg/day
b. Determine the throughput capacity in kg/day

Ans:

Given:
Speed (S) = 1.8 m/sec
Width of cut (W) = 4 m
Grain collected in 1 minute = 40 kg
Material discharged in 1 minute = 60 kg

a. To determine the material capacity in kg/day, we need to convert the time period
from minutes to seconds and then calculate the amount of material collected.

Time period (T) = 1 minute = 60 seconds

Material collected in 1 second = Grain collected in 1 minute / Time period

Material collected in 1 second = 40 kg / 60 seconds
Material collected in 1 second = 0.67 kg

Material capacity in kg/day = Material collected in 1 second * (3600 seconds/hour) * 24

hours/day
Material capacity in kg/day = 0.67 kg * 3600 * 24
Material capacity in kg/day = 57,888 kg/day

Therefore, the material capacity is 57,888 kg/day.

b. To determine the throughput capacity in kg/day, we need to consider the total

amount of material collected and discharged over a specific time period.

Throughput capacity in kg/day = (Material collected in 1 second - Material discharged

in 1 second) * (3600 seconds/hour) * 24 hours/day
Throughput capacity in kg/day = (0.67 kg - 60 kg) * 3600 * 24
Throughput capacity in kg/day = -1,726,080 kg/day

Therefore, the throughput capacity is -1,726,080 kg/day. Note that a negative value
indicates that more material is being discharged than collected, which might indicate a
problem with the machine or the data provided.

6. A corn picker harvested 850 kg with estimated losses of 180 kg. What is the
performance efficiency of the corn picker?

Ans:

Given:
Harvested crop weight = 850 kg
Estimated losses = 180 kg
Performance efficiency = (Harvested crop weight / (Harvested crop weight + Estimated
losses)) * 100

Performance efficiency = (850 kg / (850 kg + 180 kg)) * 100

Performance efficiency = (850 kg / 1030 kg) * 100
Performance efficiency = 82.52%

Therefore, the performance efficiency of the corn picker is 82.52%.

7. A certain rice field produced a total yield of 900kg. It has been estimated to have 40
kg shatter loss, 45 kg cutter bar loss, and 80 kg threshing and separating loss.
What is the performance efficiency of the combine?
Ans:
Given:
Total yield = 900 kg
Shatter loss = 40 kg
Cutter bar loss = 45 kg
Threshing and separating loss = 80 kg

Solution:
Performance efficiency = (Total yield / (Total yield + Shatter loss + Cutter bar loss +
Threshing and separating loss)) * 100

Performance efficiency = (900 kg / (900 kg + 40 kg + 45 kg + 80 kg)) * 100

Performance efficiency = (900 kg / 1065 kg) * 100
Performance efficiency = 84.51%

Therefore, the performance efficiency of the combine is 84.51%.

8. The manufacturer of a combine claims that the machine performance efficiency of

the machine is 75%. Before harvesting, the estimated yield of the field was 850 kg.
During the operation, the harvested grains were 590 kg. Does the manufacturer
conform to the specifications of the combine? Justify your answer.

Ans:
Given:
Manufacturer's claimed performance efficiency = 75%
Estimated yield of the field = 850 kg
Actual harvested grains = 590 kg

Solution:
Performance efficiency = (Actual harvested grains / Estimated yield) * 100

Performance efficiency = (590 kg / 850 kg) * 100

Performance efficiency = 69.41%

The calculated performance efficiency is 69.41%, which is lower than the

manufacturer's claimed performance efficiency of 75%. Therefore, based on the given
data, the manufacturer does not conform to the specifications of the combine.
#beBlessed●•^-