Lab 1

Lab 1
As you read a text file, you go line by line until you reach the end of the file.
What happens if you want to go back to a specific line of text? A common
practice that comes with reading text from a file is to store that information
into something like a vector. This way you can easily reference any data
obtained from the file.

Before reading the file, create the path variable with the file path, and
instantiate the string vector text.

string path = "student/labs/fileslab1.txt";

vector<string> text;

Use try, throw and catch blocks to handle input/output exceptions. In the
try portion, create an ifstream object to read through the file and store its
content into a string variable. While reading, add each line to the vector
text. Print any errors in the catch portion. You can optionally print a
message that the file has successfully been read, but that is not required.

string path = "student/labs/fileslab1.txt";

vector<string> text;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
while (getline(file, read)) {
text.push_back(read);
}
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}
The content of the text file now resides in the vector variable text.
However, the code above only adds text from the file into the vector. To
print what was stored in the vector, use a loop to iterate the vector’s
elements first followed by the cout command.

string path = "student/labs/fileslab1.txt";

vector<string> text;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
while (getline(file, read)) {
text.push_back(read);
}
for (int i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
cout << text.at(i) << endl;
}
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

You should see a passage from Bram Stoker’s Dracula. You’ll notice,
however, that the output is just a collection of text grouped together. In
fact, if you were to print the first element in the vector, you will get the
same result. The entire file was read and stored as the first element in the
vector. This occurs because the default delimiter is a newline and there is
only 1 occurrence of a newline at the end of the file.

Let’s change the delimiter into a period . so that the text will be tokenized
into sentences. Each token will represent one sentence from the passage.
 string path = "student/labs/fileslab1.txt";
vector<string> text;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
while (getline(file, read, '.')) { //set delimiter as a period
text.push_back(read);
}
for (int i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
cout << text.at(i) << endl;
}
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

The passage is tokenized using a period . as a delimiter. When the

delimiter is specified, the system extracts the period from the text, this is
why you do not see the periods in the output. To put the periods back into
the vector, simply include + '.' in the push_back() statement.
 string path = "student/labs/fileslab1.txt";
vector<string> text;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
while (getline(file, read, '.')) {
text.push_back(read + '.'); //add period to end
}
for (int i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
cout << text.at(i) << endl;
}
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

Your vector now includes 4 elements, each representing a sentence from

the passage extracted from the file fileslab1.txt. To bring your focus to a
particular sentence, you can use the at() function and specify the position
of the sentence you are interested in.
 string path = "student/labs/fileslab1.txt";
vector<string> text;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
while (getline(file, read, '.')) {
text.push_back(read + '.');
}
cout << text.at(1); //print the second element/sentence
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

To erase the first leading white space, you can use text.at(1).erase(0, 1).
This will take the system to the first position, index 0, and erase just 1
character in that string.

string path = "student/labs/fileslab1.txt";

vector<string> text;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
while (getline(file, read, '.')) {
text.push_back(read + '.');
}
cout << text.at(1).erase(0, 1) << endl; //erase the first
string char
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}
Lab 2

Lab 2
This lab uses a comma delimited CSV file fileslab2.csv, which contains
integers. There are three columns and four rows. The program below will
print the sum for each row in the CSV. This is what the file currently looks
like:

1,4,5
18,34,99
0,12,51
37,29,61

We’ll start with directing the path to the file, creating a vector nums to store
the data for later, creating an ifstream and string to read and hold the
content of the file temporarily, and using try, throw and catch blocks to
handle any issues when opening the file.

string path = "student/labs/fileslab2.csv";

vector<string> nums;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

After, use the getline() function to iterate through the file and store its
content as tokens in the vector. Note that you will need to go through the
file twice and include a stringstream object to further help tokenize the
data. Try running the code below to see what’s currently stored.
 string path = "student/labs/fileslab2.csv";
vector<string> nums;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
while (getline(file, read)) {
stringstream ss(read);
while (getline(ss, read, ',')) {
nums.push_back(read);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
cout << nums.at(i) << endl;
}
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

You should see a list of numbers after the code runs. Though what you see
are numbers, they are currently strings which means we cannot do
calculations on them directly. We must convert them into integers first
using stoi(). Additionally, the data is stored in a vector which is one
dimensional but we want to calculate totals for multiple rows. To achieve,
we’ll use a double nested for loop to iterate through the vector in chunks of
three elements which will allow us to calculate the totals of each row.
 string path = "student/labs/fileslab2.csv";
vector<string> nums;

try {
ifstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
while (getline(file, read)) {
stringstream ss(read);
while (getline(ss, read, ',')) {
nums.push_back(read);
}
}
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i+=3) {

int total = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
total += stoi(nums.at(i + j));
}
cout << "Total: " << total << endl;
}

Your program should print the following output:

Total: 10
Total: 151
Total: 63
Total: 127
Lab 3

Lab 3
The goal of this lab is to rely on user input for data. We are going to
continuously ask the user to enter the name of a superhero followed the
name of their power. If the user enters lowercase q, the system will stop
collecting data and write all of the data collected to the CSV file
superheroes.csv.

First let’s create our string path, ofstream object, read string, and exception
blocks like usual.

string path = "student/labs/superheroes.csv";

try {
ofstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}
file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

Next, we need to create variables for our user input. Additionally, we also
need to continuously ask the user for output until they enter q. After q is
detected, the information entered will be written to our CSV file.
 string path = "student/labs/superheroes.csv";
string name;
string power;

try {
ofstream file;
string read;
file.open(path);
if (!file) {
throw runtime_error("File failed to open.");
}

while (true) {
cout << "Please enter a superhero name (or enter q to quit):
";
cin >> name;
if (name == "q") {
break;
}
cout << "Please enter a superhero power (or enter q to
quit): ";
cin >> power;
if (power == "q") {
break;
}
file << name << ',' << power;
}

file.close();
}

catch (exception& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

Click the TRY IT button to enter information into the terminal. Enter q to
stop the data collection and write to to the CSV file. Click on the CSV file link
below to see everything that was entered.

Open superheroes.csv
Lab Challenge

Lab Challenge
Write a program that reads a text file . This file is stored in the variable
path.

DO NOT alter this line of code in the program!

////////// DO NOT EDIT! //////////

string path = argv[1]; //
//////////////////////////////////

The file contains several instances of the word Burma. Replace each instance
of Burma with Myanmar, and print the results of this transformation. The final
output of your program should be:

Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia.

The capital of Myanmar is Naypyidaw.
Its population is about 54 million people.
Myanmar is a former British colony.

Hint
You can use the FindAndReplace() function to replace all instances of Burma
with Myanmar. Note that you will need to store the content of the file into a
string in order to use this function.