Electrical

and
Electronic
Circuits:
Theory and Laboratory
Workbook
Acknowledgments
This two-year curriculum was developed through a participatory and collaborative approach between the
Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (HC3) Project in Egypt, the Central Administration for Health
and Population Communication (CAHPC) within the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) and the
General Administration of the MOHP’s Technical Health Institutes (THIs). The design of this course draws on
rich discussions at a two-day workshop in Ain Sokhna with representatives from the CAHPC and THIs. The
outcome of the workshop was a draft outline of the curriculum, which served as a guide to the initial design.
The information presented in the course was developed, adapted and/or compiled by HC3 Egypt. We would like
to thank the CAHPC and the Training Sector and General Administration of the THIs for their time and critical
feedback during the development of this course. Special thanks to the Egypt Minister of Health for his decision
to recognize and professionalize health education by issuing a decree to establish a new branch for pre-service
training in health education within the THI.

Disclaimer: The design of this course was made possible by the support of the American People through the
United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Health Communication Capacity Collaborative
(HC3) is supported by USAID’s Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, under
Cooperative Agreement #AID-OAA-A-12-00058. The contents of this course are the sole responsibility of HC3.
The information provided is not official U.S. Government information and does not necessarily represent the
views or positions of USAID, the United States Government, or The Johns Hopkins University.

Disclaimer: This document presents the theory and experimental work for the class and laboratory
works, and it does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a complete substitute for the
prescribed textbooks, and other references. The matter presented in this document is prepared by
the author for teaching assignment. Further, this document is not intended for wide commercial
purposes and the committee members are not accountable for any issues, legal, or otherwise,
arising out of this document
 Electrical and
Electronic Circuits:
Theory and Laboratory Workbook

Prepared by

Prof. Dr. Mohamed EL-Shimy Mahmoud Bekhet

Professor of electric power systems - Department of Electrical Power and

Machines - Faulty of Engineering – Ain Shams University

First Year
2019
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Contents

Acknowledgments and Disclaimer ............................................. ii

Course Description .............................................................. vii

Chapter 1: Symbols and Review of Concepts ................................ 1

Chapter 2: Measuring Instruments .............................................. 27

Chapter 3: Wiring Components and DC circuits on Circuit Boards ..... 65

Chapter 4: Further on Electrical DC Circuits ............................... 93

Chapter 5: AC Electrical Circuits ............................................. 134

Chapter 6: Electronic and Power Electronic Circuits .................... 188

References and Recommended Readings .................................... 240

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Course Description

This book presents the fundamentals of electronic and electrical circuits. The
document presented the main theories, as well as many experiments for verification of
various theoretical and mathematical aspects. Therefore, this document can also be
considered as a laboratory workbook. The presented experiments are carefully selected
to well demonstrate the theories using least cost equipment and simplest structure, but
the accuracy is also preserved. The book is designed as a first course in a two year
curriculum for the preparation of high level technicians for working in medical systems,
and related industries.
As a summary, the course aims to:
• Provide details of various elements comprising practical electric and
electronic circuits.
• Describe the functions of instruments for measuring basic electric
quantities.
• State various methods for testing simple electric and electronic circuits.
• Provide a set of experiments for analyzing the performances of various
electric and electronic circuits.

The mentioned aspects are presented in six chapters.

• Chapter 1 - Symbols and Review of Concepts: presents the basic symbols for
understanding the terminology of the electrical and electronic circuits as well as
laboratory instruments, and equipment. The chapter also includes definitions of the
basic electricity concepts mostly previously studied. In addition, the basic of
electricity and underlying fundamental laws are presented and explained. The first
experiment entitled ‘Electrons and Electricity’ is included in this chapter.

• Chapter 2 - Measuring Instruments: presents various measuring instruments for DC,

and AC quantities. The use of instrument transformers for measuring high voltage,
and high current quantities are also presented. The oscilloscopes are also included.
Measuring bridges are demonstrated. Many experiments are included in this chapter
for covering various instruments. This chapter includes the following experiments:
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o Experiment # 2: Simple DC measurements

o Experiment # 3: Simple AC measurements
o Experiment # 4: Use of meters, and Ohm’s law
o Experiment # 5: Current and internal resistance
o Experiment # 6: Battery test
o Experiment # 7: Use of CRO and Function Generators
o Experiment # 8: Clamp meter as a CT
o Experiment # 9: Resistance color coding
o Experiment # 10: Capacitor color coding
o Experiment # 11: Inductor color coding
o Experiment # 12: More experience on the color coding

• Chapter 3 - Wiring Components and DC circuits on Circuit Boards: provides an

overview, and applications of various circuit boards. In addition, the chapter
includes many experiments to be carried on breadboards. This chapter includes the
following experiments:

o Experiment # 13: Connections to Breadboards

o Experiment # 14: DC resistive circuits connected on breadboards
o Experiment # 15: DC voltage and current dividers

• Chapter 4 - Further on Electrical DC Circuits: presents some salient basic

theoretical and experimental concepts of DC circuits. This chapter presents more
theories, and analyses of the performance of DC circuits. In addition, additional
experiments are given for verifying various theories. This chapter includes the
following experiments:

o Experiment # 16: DC variable sources and potentiometers

o Experiment # 17: Ladders and Bridges
o Experiment # 18: Potentiometers and Rheostats
o Experiment # 19: Superposition theorem
o Experiment # 20: Thevenin’s Theorem
o Experiment # 21: Maximum Power Transfer
o Experiment # 22: Mesh Analysis

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o Experiment # 23: Nodal Analysis

o Experiment # 24: Capacitors and Inductors
o Experiment # 25: Transient Analysis of DC Circuits

• Chapter 5 - AC Electrical Circuits: presents the basics of AC sinusoidal wave analysis

for electrical circuits made up with passive elements. In addition, the basics of non-
sinusoidal systems are given. Simple circuit with a single component, series
components, parallel components, and mixed connections are presented. In
addition, the effect of the passive elements (i.e. resistance, inductance, and
capacitance) on the phase difference between the voltages applied on their
terminals, and the current flow through them. An introduction to poly-phase
systems is also presented. The presented main theories of AC systems are supported
by a series of experiments that cover the related practical aspects. This chapter
includes the following experiments:

o Experiment # 26: AC RC circuit

o Experiment # 27: AC RL circuit
o Experiment # 28: AC Series RLC circuit
o Experiment # 29: AC Parallel RLC circuit
o Experiment # 30: AC Superposition
o Experiment # 31: AC Thevenin’s Theorem
o Experiment # 32: DC Bias

• Chapter 6 - Electronic and Power Electronic Circuits: presents the basic theory of
electronic and power electronic elements and practical circuits with a focus on
medical and industrial applications. Performance characteristic testing of these
elements, circuits, and system is presented through a series of experiments. This
chapter includes the following experiments:

o Experiment # 33: Non-sinusoidal waveforms

o Experiment # 33: Forward and reverse bias of a diode
o Experiment # 34: Do diodes obey the Ohm’s law?
o Experiment # 35: Diode testing
o Experiment # 36: Power Diode testing
o Experiment # 37: Light Dependent Resistors
o Experiment # 38: Thermistors
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o Experiment # 39: BJT operation

o Experiment # 40: Voltage and current relation of BJT
o Experiment # 41: Operation of Thyristors
o Experiment # 42: Amplifier action

Core Knowledge
By the end of this course, students should be able to:

• Describe various elements popularly used in electric and electronic circuits.

• List various measuring instruments.

• Explain the operation of practical electric and electronic circuits.

• State the experimental tests for various circuits.

• List the precautions and safety requirements in laboratories, and testing zones.

Core Skills

By the end of this course, students should be able to:

• Identify suitable measuring instruments for a given set of conditions.
• Enumerate various tests for electric and electronic circuits for identifying their
performances.
• Use suitable supply, connectors, circuit elements, and test equipment
• Building specific circuits on breadboards.
• Select suitable settings for various measuring instruments in a given test for a given
circuit.
• Measure the performance characteristics of various electric and electronic
elements.
• Measure the performances of considered electric and electronic circuits and
systems.
• Identify the health conditions of circuits based on measured performances.
• Respect of laboratory rules, and safety precautions.
• Handling laboratory equipment, and making tests.
• Write technical reports.
• Present scientific work.
• Work in a team.

Course Description vii

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Course layout

Practical*
Tutorials
Lectures
(hours)

(hours)

(hours)

Weeks
No Course Content

1 Symbols and Review of Concepts 3 2 3 1

2 Measuring Instruments 6 4 36 3
Wiring Components and DC circuits on
3 Circuit Boards 6 4 10 1.5

4 Further on Electrical DC Circuits 6 4 27 2

5 AC Electrical Circuits 9 6 24 2.5

6 Electronic and Power Electronic Circuits 9 6 30 3

Total (13 weeks) 39 26 130 13
* Approximately three academic/laboratory hours are allocated to each experiment

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Laboratory Evaluation Sheet

Student name: …………….………......... Student ID: ………… Sec.: ………
:)‫اسم الطالب(ة‬
…………………………………
Exp.
Exp. Report Total TA Name and
Group Date Work
# (20) (100) Signature
(80)
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Laboratory Evaluation Sheet (cont.)

Student name: …………….………......... Student ID: ………… Sec.: ………
……………………………… :)‫اسم الطالب(ة‬

Exp.
Exp. Report Total TA Name and
Group Date Work
# (20) (100) Signature
(80)
22

23

24

25

26

27

28

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‫قواعد العمل والسالمة بالمعمل‬

‫االلتزام بالحضور في الميعاد المخصص لكل فصل وال‬
‫يجوز الحضور في غير الميعاد المخصص اال بإذن كتابي‬
‫من الدكتور المشرف علي الفترة‪.‬‬
‫المعمل ليس مكانا للهو أو التسلية أو تبادل األحاديث‬
‫الجانبية‪ .‬تلك األمور ممنوعة وكذلك ممنوع الجلوس‬
‫على طاوالت (ترابيزات) المعمل‪.‬‬
‫المعمل لتحصيل وتنمية المهارات العلمية والمعملية‪.‬‬
‫اإللتزام بإحضار نسخة ورقية من كتيب التجربة مع‬
‫حل جميع اسئلة ‪ pre-lab‬قبل وقت المعمل وكذلك‬
‫ورقة تسجيل الدرجات‪ .‬لن تحتسب للمخالف درجات‬
‫تلك األسئلة‪.‬‬
‫اإللتزام بإحضار كافة األدوات الكتابية والحسابية‬
‫الالزمة بالعمل باإلضافة الى تدوين كافة نتائج‬
‫التجربة وإعداد التقارير المطلوبة‪.‬‬
‫عدم دخول المعمل أو القيام بأى اجراءات معملية‬
‫بدون تواجد المعيد القائم على التجربة‪.‬‬
‫فى حال مواجهة أى مشاكل خاصة بالمعمل ألى سبب‬
‫أو عدم عمل التجربة كاملة‪ ،‬يتم إبالغ الدكتور‬
‫المشرف على الفترة وكذلك إبالغ المشرف العام على‬
‫المعمل مباشرة‪ .‬كما نرحب جميعا بأى مقترحات ويتم‬
‫إبالغها للقائم على التجربة ومشرف الفترة والمشرف‬
‫العام للمعمل‪.‬‬

‫مع تمنياتنا بالتوفيق‪.‬‬

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