MAGELLAN'S VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD indigenous cultures such as the Inca, Taino, Aztec, Tupi, and

thousands of other bands throughout the Americas.

Spanish search for Spice Island (or the Indies)

•European Explorations Moluccas, Indonesian Maluku, also TERRITORY CLAIMED
known as Spice Islands, Indonesian islands of the Malay Ferdinand Magellan (c. 1480–1521)
Archipelago, lying between the islands of Celebes to the • born in Sabrosa, Portugal
west and New Guinea to the east. The Philippines, the •In search of fame and fortune, Portuguese explorer
Philippine Sea, and the Pacific Ocean are to the north; the Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain in 1519 with a fleet
Arafura Sea and the island of Timor are to the south. of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice
Islands.
• En route he discovered what is now known as the Strait of
•Christopher Columbus (Italian) Magellan and became the first European to cross the Pacific
The explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across Ocean.
the Atlantic Ocean from •Died April 27,1521 in Mactan Cebu
Spain: in 1492, 1493, 1498 and 1502. He was determined
to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but
he never did. Instead, he accidentally stumbled upon the
How Magellan became a Spaniards?
Americas. Though he did not really “discover” the New
World—millions of people already lived there—his journeys King Manuel of Portugal
marked the beginning of centuries of transatlantic conquest • By now an experienced seaman, Magellan approached
and colonization. King Manuel of Portugal to seek his support for a westward
voyage to the Spice Islands.
• The king refused his petition repeatedly. In 1517 a
•Vasco Da Gama frustrated Magellan renounced his Portuguese nationality
The Portuguese nobleman Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) and relocated to Spain to seek royal support for his venture.
sailed from Lisbon in 1497 on a mission to reach India and
open a sea route from Europe to the East. After sailing down King Charles I of Spain
the western coast of Africa and rounding the Cape of Good • When Magellan arrived in Seville in October 1517, he had
Hope, his expedition made numerous stops in Africa before no connections and spoke little Spanish. He soon met
reaching the trading post of Calicut, India, in May 1498. Da another transplanted Portuguese named Diogo Barbosa,
Gama received a hero’s welcome back in Portugal, and was and within a year he had married Barbosa’s daughter
sent on a second expedition to India in 1502, during which Beatriz, who gave birth to their son Rodrigo a year later.
he brutally clashed with Muslim traders in the region. Two The well-connected Barbosa family introduced Magellan to
decades later, da Gama again returned to India, this time as officers responsible for Spain’s maritime exploration, and
Portuguese viceroy; he died there of an illness in late 1524 soon Magellan secured an appointment to meet the king of
Spain.
• The grandson of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, who
The Treaty of Tordesillas had funded Columbus’ expedition to the New World in
The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas (Tordesilhas) was an 1492, received Magellan’s petition with the same favor
agreement between the monarchs of Spain and Portugal to shown by his grandparents. Just 18 years old at the time,
divide the world between them into two spheres of King Charles I granted his support to Magellan, who in turn
influence. The imaginary dividing line ran down the centre promised the young king that his WESTWARD SEA VOYAGE
of the Atlantic Ocean, leaving the Americas to Spain and would bring
West Africa and anything beyond the Cape of Good Hope immeasurable riches to Spain
to Portugal.
• On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal Magellan fleet’s
agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in • Magellan commanded the lead ship Trinidad and was
Spain in which it was created. The Treaty of Tordesillas accompanied by four other ships: the San Antonio, the
neatly divided the “New World” of the Americas between Conception, the Victoria, and the Santiago. The expedition
the two superpowers. would prove long and arduous, and only one ship, the
• Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a Victoria, would return home (3) three years later, carrying a
line in the Atlantic Ocean, about 370 leagues west of the mere 18 of the fleet’s original crew of 270.
Cape Verde Islands, then controlled by Portugal. All lands
east of that line (about 46 degrees, 37 minutes West) were ANTONIO PIGAFETTA ( c. 1491 – c. 1531)
claimed by Portugal. All lands west of that line were claimed • Italian nobleman
by Spain. • Studied astronomy, geography and cartography
• Spain and Portugal adhered to the treaty without major • Presented his credentials to Magellan and to the Casa de
conflict, and the results linger throughout the Americas la Contratacion, the office in charged of voyages to
today. Most Latin American nations are Spanish-speaking New World.
countries, for instance, but Portuguese is the leading official • Accompanied Magellan in his fateful circumnavigation of
language in Brazil. This is because the eastern tip of Brazil the World
penetrates • Survived the challenges and catastrophes that the
the line agreed to in the Treaty of Tordesillas, so the region expedition encountered along the way and he even got
was colonized by Portugal. wounded in the Battle of Mactan.
• The treaty ignored any future claims of the British and • Pigafetta’s travelogue is one of the most primary source
French, the other European superpowers of the time. The in the study of the precolonial Philippines.
British, French, and Russian empires did not claim parts of • His Account also a major reference to the events leading
the Americas for years after the to Magellan’s arrival in the Philippines.
Treaty of Tordesillas.
• Most importantly, however, the Treaty of Tordesillas, The First Voyage Around the World 1519-1522
completely ignored the millions of people already living in •Was Published after Pigafetta returned to Italy
established communities in the Americas. The treaty
stipulated that any lands with a “Christian king” would not About the Book
be colonized. Christianity had not spread to the Americas, ❖ His writing described vividly the physical appearance,
and the resulting colonization proved disastrous for social life, religious beliefs and cultural practices of the
people they encountered in the islands of Samar, Leyte and • The Leader, who Pigafetta reffered to as the king of the
Cebu. ballanghai(balangay) king was Raia Siagu., sent his men to
ship of Magellan.
Contribution and relevance of Pigafetta’s document • The European entertained this men and gave them gifts.
On Economics and Trade
• There was an evidence of agricultural activities based on Balangay Voyage
their produce. When the king of Balangay offered to give Magellans a bar
• They engaged in trade with neighboring countries such as of gold and chest of ginger, Magellan declined.
China. • Magellan sent the interpreter to the king and asked for
On arts, customs, traditions and religion money for the needs of his ship and expressed that he came
• As described, Filipinos have their unique musical into island as a friend and not as an enemy.
instruments; • The king responded by giving Magellan the need of
• They have arts as seen in their bodies being tattooed (in provisions of food in chinaware. Magellan exchanged gifts
some villages); of robes in Turkish Fashions, red cap, and gave the people
• Performed rituals during dining and some gatherings; knives and mirrors.
• They have a lot of burial practices;
•Worship of anitos (wooden idols) and ritual for healing of First interaction with the Locals
ill persons. •The King and Magellan then expressed their desire to
•On the other hand, the document also narrated the status become brothers.
(inferiority) of the Filipinos in some ways such • After few days, Magellan was introduced to the king’s
as; brother who was also king of another island.
•Warfare - weapons • They went to this Island and Pigafetta reported that they
•Manner of dressing saw mines of gold
• System of writing • The house of the second king were made of gold, even
some parts of his ship.
He got all this information through the help Enrique • Pigafetta described the King as the most handsome of all
de Malacca, Magellan’s slave/interpreter the men that he saw in this place.
• This king was named Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan and
Timeline of Magellan’s expedition Calagan (Butuan and Caragua).
• September 20,1519, start of Magellan expedition
• September 26, 1519, the Canary island. The First Mass in the Philippines
• December 13,1519, (Rio de Janeiro bay) • On March 31st, which happened to be Easter Sunday,
• January 12,1520 , (Rio de Plata). Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a Mass by the
• March 31,1520, Puerto San Julian. shore. The king heard of this plan and sent two dead pigs
Santiago ship wrecked during a terrible storm. and attended the Mass with other king.
• October 21,1520, (Straight of Magellan) • After the Mass, Magellan ordered that the cross, the
San Antonio ship turned and fled across the Atlantic Ocean nail,and the crown in place.
back to Spain. • Magellan explained that this were signs of his emperor, he
• November 28,1520, Cabo Deseado was ordered to plant it in the place that he would reached.
• March 6,1521, Ladrones Island • Magellan furthered explained that the cross would be
• March 16, 1521, Homonhon. beneficial for their people because once other Spaniards
• March 28, 1521, Limasawa. saw this cross would not cause them troubles, and any
• April 27, 1521, Mactan; Magellan Died in the Battle person might be held captives by them would be release.
• The King concurred and allowed for the cross to be
Planted.
Pacific Ocean
• They were the first known Europeans to see the great LIMASAWA, LEYTE OF EASTERN VISAYAS OR MASAO,
ocean, which Magellan named Mar Pacifico, the Pacific BUTUAN OF MINDANAO
Ocean, for its apparent peacefulness, a stark contrast to the •After 7 days, Magellan and his men decided to move and
dangerous waters of the strait from which he had just look for islands where they could acquire more supplies and
emerged. In fact, extremely rough waters are not uncommon provisions.
in the Pacific Ocean, where tsunamis, typhoons and • They learned Island of the Ceyon(Leyte), Bohol, and Zzubu
hurricanes have done serious damage to the Pacific Islands (Cebu) and intended to go there.
and Pacific Rim nations throughout history. • Raia Calambu offered to pilot them in going to Cebu, the
largest and the richest Islands.
•By April 7th Magellan and his men reached the port of
Ladrones Islands or the Island of the Thieves” Cebu.
• The King of Cebu, through Magellan’s interpreter,
SAMAL demanded that they pay tribute as it was customary, but
• Ten days after they reach Ladrones Island, Pigafetta Magellan refused.
reported that they reached what Pigafetta called the isle of • Magellan said that he was a captain of a great empire and
Zamal (Samal) but Magellan decided to land in another that it would not pay tribute to other kings.
uninhabited island for grate security where they could rest
for few days. Blood Compact
• March 18, nine men came to them and showed joy and • Magellan interpreter explained to the King of Cebu that
eagerness in seeing them. Magellan’s king was the emperor of a great empire and that
would do them better to make friends with them than forge
Homonhon enmity.
• The fleet went to Humunu Island (Homonhon) And there • By next day, Magellan’s men and the king of Cebu,
they found what Pigafetta refered to as the “Watering Place together with other principal men of Cebu, met in an open
of Good Signs”. - It is the first signs of gold in the island. space. There, the king offered a bit of his blood and
• The named the island with the nearby islands as the demanded that Magellan do the same.
“archipelago of St. Lazarus” then, They left the island.
•March 25th, Pigafetta recounted that they saw two
ballanghai (balangay), a long boat full of people in
Mazzava/Mazaua.
Datu Humabon
King of Cebu
Magellan came face-to-face with Datu Humabon, whom Spain sends other expedition
most accounts described as short, fat, and brown-skinned, • After the Spain had celebrated Elcano’s return, King
his broad face having high cheekbones and a flat nose, and Charles I decided that Spain should conquer the Philippines.
his arms tattooed with purple and red geometric patterns Five subsequent expeditions were then sent to the Islands.
that extended to his torso. He wore a yellow silk turban, a These were led by Garcia Jofre Loaisa (1525), Sebastian
scarf Cabot (1526), Alvaro de Saavedra (1527), Ruy Lopez de
embroidered with a needle about his head, and a loincloth. Villalobos (1542) and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1564).
A necklace of large pearls hung from his neck, two large Only the last two actually reached the Philippines; and only
gold earrings with precious gem bedecked his ears, and Legazpi succeeded in colonizing the Islands.
goldrings girded his thick fingers.
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
• On the 14th of April, the people gathered with the king • Ruy Lopez de Villalobos set sail for the Philippines from
and the other principal men of the islands. Magellan spoke Navidad, Mexico on November 1, 1542. He followed the
to the king and encouraged him to be a good Christian by route taken by Magellan and reached Mindanao on February
burning all of the idols and worship the cross instead. 2, 1543. He established a colony in Sarangani but could
not stay long because of insufficient food supply. His fleet
Humabon - along with his wives, relatives, courtiers, and left the island and landed on Tidore in the Moluccas, where
practically the entire populace of Cebu - was baptized by they were captured by the Portuguese.
Father Pedro Valderama. He was named Carlos, in honor of • Villalobos is remembered for naming our country “Islas
King Charles I of Spain, while his principal wife was named Filipinas,” in honor of King Charles’ son, Prince Philip, who
Juana, after King Charles’ mother, Johanna. Magellan also later became king of Spain.
gave her an image of the child Jesus as a gift (statue of the
Sto. Niño)and had a large cross, erected, to mark the The Legazpi Expedition
baptismal site. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi - Concurred the Philippines
• When Philip II succeeded his father to the throne in 1556,
BAPTISMS of 800 Cebu Natives Baptisms of 800 natives he instructed Luis de Velasco, the viceroy of Mexico, to
with Humabon becoming King Carlos, and Humamay prepare a new expedition – to be headed by Miguel Lopez
becoming Queen Juana after the Queen mother of Spain. de Legazpi, who would be accompanied by Andres de
Start of formal Christianity in Asia circa 1521. Urdaneta, a priest who had survived the Loaisa mission.
• On February 13, 1565, Legaspi's expedition landed in
Magellan died in the Battle Cebu island. After a
• Magellan offered three boats instead and expressed his short struggle with the natives, he proceeded to Leyte, then
desired to go to Mactan himself to fight the said chief. to Camiguin and to Bohol. There Legaspi made a blood
Magellan Forces arrived to Mactan in daylight .the battle compact with the chieftain, Datu Sikatuna as a sign of
began. friendship. Legaspi was able to obtain spices and gold in
• Magellan was pierced with a poisoned arrows. Aimed in Bohol due to his friendship with Sikatuna. On April 27,
his right leg. Magellan was specifically targeted because the 1565, Legaspi returned to Cebu; destroyed the town of Raja
natives new that he was the captain general. One native with Tupas and establish a settlement. On orders of the King
a great sword delivered the a blow in Magellan’s left leg, Philip II, 2,100 men arrived from Mexico. They built the the
brought him face down and the natives ceaselessly attacked port of Fuerza de San Pedro which became the Spanish
Magellan with lances, swords, and even with their bare trading outpost and stronghold for the region.
hands.
• Hearing of the riches of Manila, an expedition of 300 men
headed by Martin de Goiti left Cebu for Manila. They found
In Cebu the islands of Panay and Mindoro. Goiti arrived in Manila on
Datu Humabon- the first Filipino to avenge the honor of May 8, 1570. At first they were welcomed by the natives
women. and formed an alliance with Rajah Suliman, their Muslim
After the Lapulapu victory in Mactan, upon the instigation king but as the locals sensed the true objectives of the
of Enrique, Humabon poisons and slays his Spanish guests. Spaniards, a battle between the troops of Suliman and the
The cross falls.. Spaniards erupted. Because the Spaniards are more heavily
armed, the Spaniards were able to conquer Manila. Soon
Juan Sebastian de Elcano after Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived to join Goiti in Manila.
• Juan Sebastián del Cano, del Cano also spelled Elcano and Legaspi built alliances and made peace with Rajahs Suliman,
de Elcano, (born c. 1476, Guetaria, Castile [now in Spain]— Lakandula and Matanda. In 1571, Legaspi ordered the
died August 4, 1526, at sea), Basque navigator who construction of the walled CITY OF INTRAMUROS and
completed proclaimed it as the seat of government of the colony and
the first circumnavigation of the Earth. the capital of the islands. In 1572, Legaspi died and was
• In 1519 Cano sailed as master of the Concepción, one of buried at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros. In 1574,
five vessels in Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet, which had sailed Manila was bestowed the title "Insigne y Siempre Leal
west from Europe with the goal of reaching the Spice Islands Ciudad de España" (Distinguished and ever loyal city of
(the Moluccas) in the East. After Magellan’s death in the Spain) by King Philip II of Spain.
Philippines in April 1521, a series of men took command of
the
expedition, but none of them stayed in charge for longer Motives of Spanish Colonization of the Philippines
than a few months. As one of the few remaining men, Cano •GOLD
took charge of one of the two surviving ships, the Victoria, •GOSPEL
later that year. He safely brought the expedition home to •GLORY
Spain in September 1522, despite scurvy, starvation, and
harassment by the Portuguese. Only 18 Europeans had
survived the voyage, which constituted the first journey
around the globe.
The first ship that successfully circumnavigate the world.
Elcano returned to Spainw/ 18 Europeans survivors