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2018 Exam

The document is the examination paper for ENEL2EC: Electronic Engineering at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, dated November 1, 2018. It includes instructions for the exam, a total of six questions covering topics such as diode applications, digital circuits, op-amps, amplifiers, and DACs, with a maximum score of 70 marks. Each question has specific sub-questions that require analytical and practical understanding of electronic engineering concepts.

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syethembalesley1961
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16 views5 pages

2018 Exam

The document is the examination paper for ENEL2EC: Electronic Engineering at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, dated November 1, 2018. It includes instructions for the exam, a total of six questions covering topics such as diode applications, digital circuits, op-amps, amplifiers, and DACs, with a maximum score of 70 marks. Each question has specific sub-questions that require analytical and practical understanding of electronic engineering concepts.

Uploaded by

syethembalesley1961
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENEL2EC: Electronic Engineering Main Examination 2018

University of KwaZulu-Natal
School of Engineering

ENEL2EC: Electronic Engineering


Main Examination
Date: 1 November 2018 Paper 1 of 1

Examiner: Mr SS. Patel Max Marks: 70


Moderator: Prof V. Srivastava Time allocated: 2 hours

Instructions:
• Answer all questions.
• Answer in blue or black ink only. The use of highlighters is permitted. Pencil
may only be used for drawing axes on graphs.
• No notes or reference material of any form is permitted in this examination.
• Non-programmable calculators are allowed.
• Clearly state any assumptions made when answering questions.
• Check that you have all pages of the question paper before starting the
examination.

Page 1 of 5
ENEL2EC: Electronic Engineering Main Examination 2018

Question 1 (7 marks)
An important practical application of diodes is their use in protection circuitry.
Consider the following circuit, which uses two 1N4148 diodes to protect the input pin
I3 of the microcontroller (µController) from any irregular voltages that come from
the sensor.

D1

Vsensor D2

Assume that the sensor has its own, independent power supply and that it suddenly
outputs a temporary voltage of Vsensor = -1.2V.

1.1) When the sensor output is -1.2V, indicate whether D1 and D2


are “on” or “off” and the current through each of the diodes, if
they are ideal. (3 marks)

1.2) Using the information from the 1N4148 datasheet provided,


use a load-line to determine the worst-case current that will
flow through the forward-biased diode(s) in this scenario?
Assume an ambient temperature of 25ºC. (2 marks)

1.3) What is the instantaneous power that must be dissipated by the


conducting diode(s)? (1 mark)

1.4) What is the minimum PIV of the non-conducting diode(s)? (1 mark)

Question 2 (10 marks)


A digital circuit is described by the logical equation:
𝐸 = 𝐵𝐶𝐷 ̅ + ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(𝐴⨁𝐶) ⋅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶̅ + 𝐷

2.1) Use De Morgan’s Rules and Boolean Algebra to modify the


given equation so that it can be implemented using only NAND
gates. Assume that 2-input and 3-input gates are available. (6 marks)

Page 2 of 5
ENEL2EC: Electronic Engineering Main Examination 2018

2.2) Sketch a digital circuit to implement your answer from 2.1). (4 marks)

Question 3 (15 marks)


Consider the following circuit and answer the questions that follow. The op-amp is
powered by ±15V supply rails

3.1) Using the rules for ideal op-amp analysis, determine an


equation for the output V2 as a function of input V1 for the
given circuit.
d𝑣𝐶 d𝑖𝐿
NB: 𝑖𝐶 = 𝐶 , 𝑣𝐿 = 𝐿 (6 marks)
d𝑡 d𝑡

3.2) Sketch the output of the circuit if it is supplied with the input
𝑉1(𝑡) = 0.2 sin(3000𝑡) V.

Your sketch must show at least one cycle of the output. Axes
must be labelled. (5 marks)

3.3) The given circuit is not advisable for very low frequency inputs.
Suggest 2 reasons for this. (4 marks)

Page 3 of 5
ENEL2EC: Electronic Engineering Main Examination 2018

Question 4 (21 marks)

Consider the circuit above, which is a simple two-stage amplifier constructed using
BJTs. The input signal is represented by a sinusoidal voltage source with output
resistance RS. RL is the load of the circuit, with value 𝑅𝐿 = 1MΩ.

4.1) Explain the function of capacitors C1 and C2 in the given


circuit. (2 marks)

4.2) Draw an equivalent large signal model for the amplifier stage
that uses an NPN transistor.

If you introduce any circuit elements (components, sources,


etc.), provide equations to relate these to the components given
in the question. (4 marks)

The output of the overall amplifier at the collector of the PNP transistor is given by
𝑣oPNP (𝑡) = 2 + 1.2 cos(20000𝜋𝑡)V.

4.3) The entire two-stage amplifier, up to the output of the PNP


transistor, can be modelled by a Thevenin equivalent circuit
with effective resistance 𝑅Th = 75Ω. Sketch the simplified
circuit that arises from applying this model.

NB: RL is still the load of the simplified circuit. (3 marks)

4.4) What sort of filter does this simplified circuit resemble? Hence,
what is the voltage at the load? (2 marks)

4.5) Sketch the straight-line approximate Bode magnitude plot


associated with this filter and provide an equation to calculate
its -3dB frequency. (3 marks)

Page 4 of 5
ENEL2EC: Electronic Engineering Main Examination 2018

4.6) Use mathematics to explain why the -3dB frequency is


considered so important in the frequency analysis of circuits. (7 marks)

Question 5 (7 marks)
5.1) Explain the difference between a clocked latch and a flip-flop. (2 marks)

5.2) The following circuit implements a logic gate using MOSFETs.


Analyse the circuit and determine what gate is being
implemented. Explain your answer. (5 marks)

Question 6 (10 marks)


6.1) What is meant by the resolution of a DAC? (2 marks)

6.2) Determine the largest output voltage that can be expected from
an 8-bit DAC that produces 1.026V for an input of 0010 01102.

Show all working out for the binary-to-decimal conversion in


working out your answer. (5 marks)

6.3) From the datasheet of the DAC used in 6.2), the full-scale error
is specified as ±0.3%. Determine the range of possible outputs
for the input 1000 00012 and comment on the match between
resolution and accuracy in this DAC. (3 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Page 5 of 5

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