C++ Beginner Course with Code Examples

Lesson 1: What is C++?

C++ is a powerful programming language used for system programming, game development,
and more. It supports both procedural and object-oriented programming, making it versatile.

Lesson 2: Setting up Your Environment

1. Install an IDE: Download and install an IDE like Code::Blocks or Visual Studio Code.
2. Write Your First Program:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream> // Required for input and output
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello, World!"; // Print to the screen
return 0; // End the program
}

Lesson 3: Structure of a C++ Program

A typical C++ program structure:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
// This is a comment
cout << "C++ program structure is simple!";
return 0;
}

Lesson 4: Data Types

Example of declaring variables:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
 int age = 25;
float height = 5.9;
char grade = 'A';
bool isStudent = true;
string name = "John";

cout << "Name: " << name << "\n";

cout << "Age: " << age << "\n";
cout << "Height: " << height << "\n";
cout << "Grade: " << grade << "\n";
cout << "Student: " << isStudent << "\n";

return 0;
}

Lesson 5: Variables and Basic Arithmetic

Example of arithmetic operations:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int a = 10, b = 5;

cout << "Addition: " << a + b << "\n";

cout << "Subtraction: " << a - b << "\n";
cout << "Multiplication: " << a * b << "\n";
cout << "Division: " << a / b << "\n";
cout << "Modulo: " << a % b << "\n";

return 0;
}

Lesson 6: Conditional Statements

Example using if and else:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int age;
cout << "Enter your age: ";
cin >> age;

if (age >= 18) {

cout << "You are an adult.\n";
 } else {
cout << "You are a minor.\n";
}

return 0;
}

Lesson 7: Loops

1. For Loop:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
cout << "Number: " << i << "\n";
}
return 0;
}

2. While Loop:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
cout << "Number: " << i << "\n";
i++;
}
return 0;
}

3. Do-While Loop:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int i = 1;
do {
cout << "Number: " << i << "\n";
i++;
} while (i <= 5);
 return 0;
}

Lesson 8: Functions

Example of a function that adds two numbers:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;
}

int main() {
int x = 10, y = 5;
cout << "Sum: " << add(x, y) << "\n";
return 0;
}

Lesson 9: Arrays and Strings

1. Array Example:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Element " << i << ": " << numbers[i] << "\n";
}
return 0;
}

2. String Example:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
string name = "Alice";
cout << "Name: " << name << "\n";
 name = "Bob";
cout << "Updated Name: " << name << "\n";

return 0;
}

Lesson 10: Pointers

Basic pointer example:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int number = 10;
int* ptr = &number;

cout << "Value: " << number << "\n";

cout << "Pointer Address: " << ptr << "\n";
cout << "Pointer Value: " << *ptr << "\n";

return 0;
}

Lesson 11: Classes and Objects

Example of a simple class:

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Car {
public:
string brand;
int year;

void display() {
cout << "Brand: " << brand << ", Year: " << year << "\n";
}
};

int main() {
Car myCar;
myCar.brand = "Toyota";
myCar.year = 2020;

myCar.display();
 return 0;
}

Lesson 12: Mini Project 1 - Calculator

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
char op;
double num1, num2;

cout << "Enter operator (+, -, *, /): ";

cin >> op;

cout << "Enter two numbers: ";

cin >> num1 >> num2;

switch (op) {
case '+':
cout << "Result: " << num1 + num2;
break;
case '-':
cout << "Result: " << num1 - num2;
break;
case '*':
cout << "Result: " << num1 * num2;
break;
case '/':
if (num2 != 0)
cout << "Result: " << num1 / num2;
else
cout << "Division by zero error!";
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid operator!";
}

return 0;
}

Lesson 13: Mini Project 2 - Data Storage System

cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main() {
vector<string> data;
 string input;

cout << "Enter data (type 'exit' to stop):\n";

while (true) {
cin >> input;
if (input == "exit")
break;
data.push_back(input);
}

cout << "\nStored Data:\n";

for (string item : data) {
cout << item << "\n";
}

return 0;
}