SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

1 AND DESIGN
Prepared by : Mr. Jewel E. Jimenez
Systems Analysis
and Design

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Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students shall be able to:
● Define System Analysis and Design.
● Recognize what the many roles of a systems analyst
are.
● Enumerate the required skills for a system analyst.
● Realize the purpose of an information technology
developer.

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Systems Analysis and Design
Systems analysis consists of those activities which
allow a person to understand and decide what the new
system should be doing. It involves understanding and
specifying in detail what an information system should
do. It is the investigation of procedures, information
and practices within an organization, usually with the
intention of changing some of them.

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Systems Analysis and Design
Systems design consists of those activities which
allow an individual to explain in detail how the
information system will actually be implemented in
order to provide the solution required. In other words,
the design of systems explains how the system really
should operate. This describes all the solution device
elements in detail, and how they operate together.

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Need for Systems Analysis and Design
● Success of information systems depends on good
SAD
● SAD seeks to analyze data input systematically,
processing or transforming data, data storage, and
information output within the context of a particular
business.

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Need for Systems Analysis and Design
● It is used to analyze, design and implement
improvements in the functioning of businesses that
can be accomplished through the use of
computerized information systems.

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Need for Systems Analysis and Design
● Installing a system without proper planning leads to
great dissatisfaction and frequently causes the
system to fall into disuse. SAD lends structure to the
analysis and design of information systems, a costly
endeavor that might otherwise have been done in a
haphazard way (Kendall & Kendall, 2011).

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The study and design of structures offers the tools and
techniques you need to complete the production as an
information technology developer product:
1. Understand the need (business need).
2. Capture the vision.
3. Define a solution.
4. Communicate the vision and the solution.
5. Design the solution, or ask others to build the solution.
6. Confirm that the solution meets the need.
7. Launch the solution application (Satzinger, Jackson, & Burd,
2016).

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Systems Analyst
The systems analyst is a professional computer employee who
performs analysis and design.

Certainly analysts ought to learn about computers and computer

programs. We have unique skills and gain programming
knowledge. But they also bring a fundamental curiosity to explore
how things are done and determination to make them work better.

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Required skills
Technical Knowledge and Skills
● Computers and how they work in general
● Programming languages
● Devices that interact with computers
● Communications networks
● Database and database management systems
● Operating systems and utilities

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Required skills
Business Knowledge and Skills
● What activities and processes do organizations perform?
● How are organizations structured?
● How are organizations managed?
● What kind of research (activity) the company does on? (e.g.
hospital, bank etc.)
● Who are the “actors” doing the activities

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Systems analyst needs to understand the type of
organization for which they work. The more an analyst
understands how a company works, the more effective
it can be. Some information about the business the
analyst wants to know include:
● What the specific organization does
● What makes it successful
● What its strategies and plans are
● What its tradition (“culture”) and values are

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Required skills
People Knowledge and Skills
● Single most important interpersonal skill:
● To communicate clearly and effectively with others!
● Since analysts work in team with others (e.g. team members,
clients etc.) must understand about people:
● How people think
● How people learn

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Required skills
People Knowledge and Skills
● How people react to change
● How people communicate
● How people work (“activities” and “actors”)
Other areas:
● Skill in interviewing, listening and observing
● Good written and oral presentation
● Being able to work in a team

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Required skills
Personal Qualities
● Analytical mind
● Good communication skills
● Self-discipline
● Self-direction
● Organizational skills
● Creativity
● Ability to work without tangible results

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Primary Roles of the System Analyst
The System Analyst as a Consultant – the system analyst frequently
acts as a systems consultant to a business and thus maybe hired
specifically to address information systems issues within a business. Such
hiring can be an advantage because outside consultants can bring with
them a fresh perspective that other members of the organization do not
possess. It also means that external observers are at a disadvantage
because an outsider will never know the true culture of organization. You
may rely on information system users to help you understand the
organizational culture from others’ viewpoint.

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Primary Roles of the System Analyst
System Analyst as Supporting Expert – another role that you may be
required to play is that of a supporting expert within a business where you
are regularly employed in some systems capacity. In this position, the
analyst draws on technical experience relating to computer hardware and
software and its business uses. This work is often not a full-blown system
project, rather, it involves a small change or decision which affects a
single department.

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Primary Roles of the System Analyst
As the support expert, you are not managing the project; you are merely
serving as a resource for those who are. If you're a system analyst
employed by a manufacturing or service company, this position can
include many of your daily activities.

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Primary Roles of the System Analyst
System Analyst as an agent of change–The system analyst's most
detailed and responsible position is that of the agent of change, whether
internal or external to the organization. As an analyst, you are an agent of
change when you carry out all of the tasks in the life cycle of systems
growth and are involved in the business for an extended period of time
(from two weeks all the way to one year). An agent of change can be
defined as a person who serves as a catalyst for change, develops a plan
for change, and works with others in facilitating that change.

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Primary Roles of the System Analyst
As a system analyst acting as agent of change, you advocate a particular
avenue of change involving the use of information systems. In addition,
you teach users the process of change because you are aware that
changes in the information system do not occur independently but cause
changes in the rest of the organization

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Assignment
This activity will further explain the role of a system
analyst. Answer the questions as best as you can.

Read the case study and determine the best solution

for the problem. Write your answer on the space
provided.

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Case 1
Rose and Marie are two analysts. They
have different opinions on where to
begin analyzing requirements of an
existing system. Rose proposes to start
by enumerating the Inputs for the
system. On the other hand, Marie wishes
first to state the output of the system.
How can you settle the disagreement
between the two analysts?

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Case 2
Jose is a system analyst and Mari is a
programmer, they both can't get along.
They disagree on the Time of the Day
pattern in an application that will be used
in the company. Jose points out the
usual 10- representation of characters,
example "12:25 PM". While Mari
suggested the number of seconds as of
midnight. How can we help?

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Case 3
Dr. Thomas Waggoner, a local university information systems professor, has just
received a phone call from his friend, Ted Williams, co-owner of his brother Will
of Williams Bros. The River Falls Appliances, Iowa.Ted is highly dissatisfied with
their current sluggish, manual system of sales management and inventory
monitoring, and worries that they will lose revenue because of that. Ted
discusses what he wants and Dr. Waggoner hopes his students can see this as a
fantastic idea. He meets Ted to get a better understanding of the initial
specifications. He then starts gathering the students in his Systems Analysis and
Design class and his System Creation capstone class to see if they can create a
solution for the Williams Bros'.

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Rubrics
Items Weight Actual Score

The key topics in the situational 40%

analysis are thoroughly
answered and explained
All program objective is 40%
appropriately defined and
associated with the situational
analysis
The explanation is appropriate 20%
and in sync with basic grammar
, punctuation and spelling.

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