Week 7

Loop
Topic of this week

• Loop
• for Repetition Structure
• Notes and Observations
• Programming Exercises

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 for Repetition Structure

• Structure
for(initialization; loopContinuationTest; increment)
statement

Example:
for( counter = 1; counter <= 10; counter++ )
printf( "%d\n", counter );
No
• Prints the integers from one to ten. semicolon
after last
expression

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 for Repetition Structure

• for loops can usually be rewritten as while loops:

initialization;
while (loopContinuationTest){
statement
increment;
}

• Initialization and increment: can be comma-separated lists

for (int i = 0, j = 0; j + i <= 10; j++, i++)
printf( "%d\n", j + i );

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for Structure: Notes and Observations

• Arithmetic expressions
• Initialization, loop-continuation, and increment can
contain arithmetic expressions.
if x = 2 and y = 10
for ( j = x; j <= 4 * x * y; j += y / x )

is equivalent to
for ( j = 2; j <= 80; j += 5 )

• "Increment" may be negative (decrement)

• If loop continuation condition initially false
• Body of for structure not performed
• Control proceeds with statement after for
structure
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Exercise 7.1

• Write a program that prints ten integers and

their squares.
11
24
39
...
10 100

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Solution

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int i;

for(i = 1; i <= 10; i = i + 1)

printf("%d %d\n", i, i * i);

return 0;
}
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Exercise 7.2

• Write a program that prints out a triangle like:

*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******
********
*********
**********
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Solution
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int i, j;

for(i = 1; i <= 10; i = i + 1)

{
for(j = 1; j <= i; j = j + 1)
printf("*");
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
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Exercise 7.3

• Write a program to list prime numbers which

are smaller than 100.

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Solution

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i, j;
for(i = 2; i <= 100; i ++)
{
for(j = 2; j < i; j++)
{
if(i % j == 0) break;
}
if(j == i)

printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}

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Exercise 7.4

• Sometimes we need to have loops within loops,

this is called nested loops. This program
demonstrates how this works. By running it you
should see in what sequence the code is called.

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 exercise7_4.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int i, j; /* loop control variables */
printf(” i j\n"); /* prints column labels */
for (i = 1; i < 4; i = i + 1) /* heading of outer for loop */
{
printf("Outer %6d\n", i);
for (j = 0; j < i; j = j + 1) /* heading of inner loop */
{

printf(" Inner%9d\n", j);

} /* end of inner loop */
} /* end of outer loop */
return 0;
}

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Exercise 7.5

• Write a program that uses for structure to

calculate the factorial of n (i.e., n!).
• Some outputs:

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Solution

# include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int i, n, f;
printf ("Enter n: ");
scanf ("%d", &n);
f = 1; /* 0! */
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
f *= i; /* Now , f = i! */
}
printf ("%d! = %d\n", n, f);
return 0;
}

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 Exercise 7.6

• In mathematics, a perfect number is a positive integer that

equals the sum of the positive divisors, not including the
number itself. e.g.: 6=1+2+3
• Write a program that lists perfect numbers which is
smaller than inputed N.

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Solution
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, j, sum;
printf("\nEnter N= : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
{
sum=0;
for (j=1; j<=i/2; j++)
if (i%j == 0)
sum += j;
if (sum == i)
printf(”%d\n", i);
}
}

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Exercise 7.7. Reverse number

• Write a program that asks an interger number

and then displays its reverse number. For
example: 34321 → 12343
• The program needs to use for structure

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Solution
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int number, temp;
int reversednumber;
printf(“Input the number you want to reverse:”);
scanf(“%d”, &number);

for(temp = number, reversednumber=0; temp>0; ) {

reversednumber = reversednumber*10 + temp %10;
temp = temp /10;
}

printf("The reverse number of %d is %d \n", number,

reversednumber);
return 0;
}

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Solution
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int number, temp =0;
int reversednumber =0;
printf(“Input the number you want to reverse:”);
scanf(“%d”, &number);
temp = number;
do {
reversednumber = reversednumber*10 + temp %10;
temp = temp /10;
}
while (temp >0);
printf(“The reverse number of %d is %d \n”, number,
reversednumber);
return 0;
}

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Exercise 7.8

• Given banknotes of 500,000, 200,000,

100,000, 50,000, 20,000, 10,000 and 5,000
• Write a program to list the possibilities of
withdrawals. For example:
• 25000 = 1 banknote 20000 + 1 banknote 5000
= 1 banknote 10000 + 3 banknotes 5000
= 2 banknotes 10000 + 1 banknote 5000
= 5 banknotes 5000

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 Solution

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int count=0, number;
int n500, n200, n100, n50, n20, n10, n5;
printf("Input the amount you want to withdraw:");
scanf("%d", &number);
for(n500=0; n500<=number/500000; n500++)
for(n200=0; n200<=(number-500000*n500)/200000; n200++)
for(n100=0; n100<=(number-500000*n500-200000*n200)/100000; n100++)
for(n50=0; n50<=(number-500000*n500-200000*n200-100000*n100)/50000; n50++)
for(n20=0; n20<=(number-500000*n500-200000*n200-100000*n100-50000*n50)/20000; n20++)
for(n10=0; n10<=(number-500000*n500-200000*n200-100000*n100-50000*n50-
20000*n20)/10000; n10++){

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{
n5= (number-500000*n500-200000*n200-100000*n100-50000*n50-20000*n20-10000*n10)/5000;
if(number==-500000*n500+200000*n200+100000*n100+50000*n50+20000*n20+10000*n10+5000*n5){
count++;
printf("Cach %d: ",count);
if(n500>0) printf("%d to 500.000\t", n500);
if(n200>0) printf("%d to 200.000\t", n200);
if(n100>0) printf("%d to 100.000\t", n100);
if(n50>0) printf("%d to 50.000\t", n50);
if(n20>0) printf("%d to 20.000\t", n20);
if(n10>0) printf("%d to 10.000\t", n10);
if(n5>0) printf("%d to 5.000\t",n5);
printf("\n");
}
}
return 0;
}

}
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Exercise 7.9

• Modify the program you have developed for the

exercise 7.3 so that:
• It asks the user to input the number n
• If n = -1 then exit the program
• Otherwist, list all prime number from 1 to n

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Exercise 7.10

• Modify the program you have developed for the

exercise 7.9 so that:
• Before exiting the program, ask the user to continue
or stop the program
• If the user chooses Y or y, repeat the program
• If the user does not choose Y or y, exit the program

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Control the for loop with character input

char ch=‘y’;
for ( ; ch==‘y’ || ch!=‘Y’; ){
// do something

printf(“Continue or not (y/n):”);

ch=getchar();
}

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Exercise 7.11

• Given banknotes of 500,000, 200,000,

100,000, 50,000, 20,000, 10,000 and 5,000
• Write a program that lists the possibilities of
withdrawals with the least amount of
banknotes. For example:
• 25000 = 1 banknote 20000 + 1 banknote 5000

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Exercise 7.12

• Write a program that has the following menu

Withdrawal program
1. List all possibilities
2. List all possibilities that use the smallest number of
banknotes
3. Exit
What is your selection:

If the user selects 1, then does the exercise 7.8

If the user selects 2, then does the exercise 7.10
If the user selects 3, then exits the program
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