Week 8

Loop
Topic of this week

• Loops
• The While,do Repetition Structure
• Notes and Observations
• Continue and break
• Programming Exercises

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while, do Repetition Structure

• While Statement
• The expression is evaluated. If it is true, statement is
executed and expression is re-evaluated. This cycle
continues until expression becomes false.

while (expression) {
Statement1;
Statement2;
...
}

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while, do Repetition Structure

• Example of While

#include <stdio.h>
#define PERIOD ‘.’
int main() {
char C;
while ((C = getchar())!= PERIOD)
putchar(C);
printf(“Good Bye.\n”);
}

Result?

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while, do Repetition Structure

• Example:
int product = 2;
while ( product <= 1000 )
product = 2 * product;

true
product <= 1000 product = 2 * product

false

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while, do Repetition Structure

• Do-While Statement
• The do-while, tests at the bottom after
making each pass through the loop body; the
body is always executed at least once
do {
statement1;
statement2;
…
} while (expression);

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while, do Repetition Structure

• Example of Do-While
int i = 1, sum = 0;
do {
sum += i;
i++;
} while (i <= 50);
printf(“The sum of 1 to 50 is %d\n”, sum);

Result?

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while, do Repetition Structure

counter = 1;
do {
printf( "%d ", counter );
} while (++counter <= 10);

Prints the integers from 1 to 10

action(s)

true
condition

false

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 Continue and Break

• Break and Continue Statement

• The break statement provides an early exit from
structures including for, while, and do.
break;

• The continue statement is related to break, but

less often used; it causes the next iteration of the
enclosing for, while, or do loop to begin.
continue;

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 Continue and Break

• Example of Break and Continue

int c;
while ((c = getchar()) != -1) {
if (c == ‘.’)
break;
else if (c >= ‘0’ && c <= ‘9’)
continue;
else putchar(c);
}
printf(“*** Good Bye ***\n”);

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Create Menu interaction
char ch;
do {
scanf(" %c", &c); //add a space before %c to remove
newline character
switch (ch) {
case 'A’:
/* do some thing */ break;
case 'B’:
/* do some thing */ break;

….
case 'Q’:
print Quit; break;
}
}while (ch!='Q');

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input validation using do while

do {
printf("input n:");
scanf(&n);
if (n is not valid)
printf ("Warning\n");
}while (n is not valid);

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Programming Menu
int choice;
do {
printf("Menu 1 2 3 4.. your selection:");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice){
case 1: do smt; break
case 2: do smt; break
case n: do smt; break
default: warning input not valid; break;
}
} while (choice != selection to quit);

How to clear newline character from the buffer

while (getchar()!='\n');
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Exercise 8.1

• Write a program that computes the factorial of

n (i.e., n!) using a loop.

• You can use:

• Counter variable, i, ranging from 1 to n.

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Exercise 8.2

• Extend the Ex 8.1.

• Write a program that has a following interface
1. Calculate n!
2. Exit
• If users select 1, the program asks users to enter a
positive number named n. If the inputted value is not
valid, the program repeats the request, until receives
a positive number. After that, it calculates n!, and
shows the result to the monitor. Finally, the program
shows the menu again
• If users select 2, then the program stops.

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Exercise 8.3

• Write a program that uses while structure to

analyze the examination results, how many
passed students and failed students.
• Assume that the total of students is 10. You
should ask the grade of each student (range
from 0 to 10).
• Rule
grade >=4: pass
grade<4: fail

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Exercise 8.4

• Write a program that copies content inputed

from the keyboard to the screen, but replace
the sequence of blank characters by only one
blank character.
• You can use getchar() and putchar() method to
carry out this program.
• The program exits when users enter tab (\t)

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Exercise 8.5

• Calculate square root by using newton method.

Program will ask user to input a number n to
calculate the square root
• Input validation: n must be positive
Method:
• xo = n
• xk+1 = (xk + n/ xk)/2
• stop when |xk+1 – xk| <= 0.0001

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Exercise 8.6

• Write a program to calculate the average of a set

of grades.
• Input: a set of grades, until the inputted grade is
smaller than 0
• Output: the average of inputted grades
• Requirement: use while structure

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Excercise 8.7

• Write a program with a menu as follows:

Chương trình với giao diện menu
1. Thực hiện bài tập 8.1
2. Thực hiện bài tập 8.2
3. Thực hiện bài tập 8.3
4. Thực hiện bài tập 8.4
5. Thực hiện bài tập 8.5
6. Thoát
Lựa chọn của bạn (từ 1 tới 6):
• The program will perform an activity according
to user’s choice

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Exercise 8.8. SmallGame

• You are requested to write a game for 2 players. The

goal is to reach a given number (for example, 100 –
inputted from users) from the starting number
(inputted).
• In each turn, a player chooses a positive number that is
(i) less than or equal to 5 and (ii) is odd if the previous
is even, and vice versa.
• The selected value will be added to the accumulated
sum.
• The player who makes the sum equal to or greater
than the destination wins the game.

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