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Practice Paper 2

The document outlines an alternative assessment for the PHIL10032 Logic and Critical Thinking course at the University of Bristol, intended for study abroad students. It consists of 13 questions covering basic concepts, truth functional logic, and first-order logic, with a total of 120 marks available. Students are instructed to write their 7-digit student number on the answer booklet and attempt all parts of the questions.

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7 views5 pages

Practice Paper 2

The document outlines an alternative assessment for the PHIL10032 Logic and Critical Thinking course at the University of Bristol, intended for study abroad students. It consists of 13 questions covering basic concepts, truth functional logic, and first-order logic, with a total of 120 marks available. Students are instructed to write their 7-digit student number on the answer booklet and attempt all parts of the questions.

Uploaded by

leungconstance
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Bristol

ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR STUDY ABROAD STUDENT

School of Arts
Department of Philosophy

PHIL10032

Logic and Critical Thinking

Attempt all parts of all 13 questions.


Questions are worth 120 marks in total.

PLEASE WRITE YOUR 7 DIGIT STUDENT NUMBER (NOT CANDIDATE


NUMBER) ON THE ANSWER BOOKLET. YOUR STUDENT NUMBER CAN BE
FOUND ON YOUR UCARD.
Basic Concepts, Validity and Formalisation
1. (3 marks) Write down the conclusion of each of these arguments:
(a) I’ll never become a professional musician. I hate practising scales, but that’s essen-
tial if you want to become good enough to play professionally.
(b) A vegetarian diet is healthier. It is also unethical to kill animals for food when veg-
etarian alternatives are available. And there are many widely available vegetarian
alternatives. So you should become vegetarian.
(c) Billy will invite me for dinner tomorrow. So I don’t need to go to the shops today.

2. (2 marks) The following argument omits an important premise. Write a reasonable


premise that makes the argument valid.
“The crime rate is too high, so we should make prison sentences longer.”

3. (5 marks) Is each of the following possible? If so, give an example (described in words,
not symbols). If not, explain why.

(i) An invalid argument with a valid form?


(ii) A valid argument that can be made invalid by the addition of a new premise?

4. (2 marks) Suppose your friend refuses to accept the conclusion of a valid argument. Are
they wrong to do so?

5. (6 marks) Are the following arguments valid or invalid? If an argument is invalid, de-
scribe in words a situation that would be a counterexample.

(1) P1 All pigs can fly.


P2 Anything that can fly can swim.
Conc : All pigs can swim.
(2) P1 There are fewer than two but more than five people in the room.
Conc : The moon is made of cheese.
(3) P1 Napoleon was either from France or from Germany.
P2 Napoleon was not from Luxemborg.
Conc : Napoleon was from France.

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Truth Functional Logic
6. (8 marks) Symbolise the following sentences in TFL. In each case, explain the meaning
of the letters you use. Highlight any ambiguities or difficulties of interpretation.

(i) Jenny or Bob helped Alfred.


(ii) Bob doesn’t come to work if he or his daughter are sick.
(iii) Joe and Alice did their homework together.
(iv) Jenny will come to the party if Harry goes or Billy doesn’t and Alan does.

7. (8 marks) Symbolise the following sentences in Truth Functional Logic using the follow-
ing symbolisation key:

T The train was late


C Fred’s car broke down
L Fred was late for the meeting
A Fred was annoyed
(a) Fred’s car broke down and the train was late.
(b) If Fred was late for the meeting then his car broke down or the train was late.
(c) If Fred wasn’t late for the meeting then his car didn’t break down, or else the train
wasn’t late.
(d) Fred was annoyed but not late for the meeting.

8. (10 marks) Give truth tables for each of the following:


(a) ¬(A & B)
(b) ¬A → (A ∨ A)
(c) A → (A → B)
(d) A ∨ (B & (B ∨ A))
(e) A ∨ (B ∨ C)

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9. (18 marks) Give a proof of each of the following arguments, using only the Basic Rules
as presented in the lectures.
(a) A → (B & C) ∴ A → B
(b) D → F, A → (¬F & D), A ∴ B
(c) A ∨ B, ¬B ∴ A

10. (16 marks) Show the following arguments are valid by (a) symbolising them in Truth
Functional Logic, and then (b) giving a proof. You may use the Basic Rules and the
Derived Rules. Explain the meaning of the letters you use to symbolise the sentences.
(a) If it is Tuesday, I have a logic lecture. If I have a logic lecture then I have to get
out of bed. It is not Tuesday, and I don’t have to get out of bed, so I do not have
a logic lecture.
(b) If Joe watched TV in bed, then he didn’t sleep. If he didn’t sleep, then he is grumpy.
So if he is happy then he didn’t watch TV in bed.

First Order Logic


11. (15 marks) For each section write a symbolisation key giving appropriate letters for all
the names, predicates, and relations, then use this key to formalise all the sentences in
that section.
(a) 1. Daisy is a cow.
2. Daisy is a grey cow.
3. Every cow is happy.
4. There is a grey cow that is happy.
(b) 1. Christie is an English author.
2. King is an author and is not English.
3. King admires Christie.
4. No-one writes faster than King.
(c) 1. Arthur trusts both Cecil and Evelyn.
2. Arthur trusts Cecil; Evelyn doesn’t.
3. Evelyn trusts someone if Cecil trusts them.
4. There is someone that no-one trusts.

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12. (12 marks) Using the provided key, write the following sentences in FOL:

domain: people
Sx: x studies for the exam
P x: x passes the exam
Kxy: x knows y

1. Everyone studies for the exam.


2. Everyone who studies for the exam passes it.
3. Everyone knows someone.
4. Everyone knows someone who passes the exam without studying for it.

13. (15 marks) Consider the following interpretation

domain: Numbers 1, 2 and 3.


1 o 2
o: The number 1

Sx: There is a square around x.


3
Axy: There is an arrow from x to y.

Are each of the following sentences true or false in that interpretation?

1. So
2. ∀xAxx
3. ∃xAox
4. ∃x∀yAxy
5. ∃x∀y(Sy → Axy)

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