1) Discuss the role of Configure Services and Configure method in ASP.NET?

—->Configure
Services : The ConfigureServices method in ASP.NET is used to register services with the
built-in dependency injection (DI) container. Services are reusable components that
provide app functionality, such as database access, logging, or authentication. Once a
service is registered in ConfigureServices, it can be consumed anywhere in the
application by injecting it into a constructor. Registering services in ConfigureServices has
a number of benefits, including: 1.)It makes it easy to discover and consume services
throughout the application. 2.)It encourages loose coupling, which makes the code more
maintainable and testable.3)It supports configuration-driven development, which allows
you to easily change the services that your application uses without having to modify the
code.Configure:The Configure method in ASP.NET is used to configure the application
request pipeline. The request pipeline is a sequence of middleware components that are
executed in order for each incoming request. The Configure method is called after the
ConfigureServices method, and it has access to the services that have been registered in
ConfigureServices. This allows you to configure the application request pipeline using the
services that your application needs.Relationship Between ConfigureServices and
Configure :1)The ConfigureServices and Configure methods work together to configure
the ASP.NET application. ConfigureServices is used to register services with the built-in DI
container, and Configure is used to configure the application request pipeline.2) The
services that are registered in ConfigureServices are available to the middleware
components that are configured in Configure. This allows you to write middleware
components that are reusable and independent of any specific implementation
2) How do you implement Forms authentication in MVC? What are the benefits of Forms
Authentication? : To implement Forms authentication in ASP.NET MVC, you need to
follow these steps: 1. Set the authentication mode to Forms in the web.config
file.2.Create a login page and a login action method.3.Use the
FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie() method to authenticate the user and set a cookie
on the user's browser.4.Use the FormsAuthentication.SignOut() method to log the user
out.5.Use the Authorize attribute to protect controllers and actions from unauthorized
access.Benefits of Forms Authentication : 1. It is easy to implement and use.2.It is widely
supported by web browsers.3. It is flexible and can be customized to meet the needs of
your application.4. It is scalable and can be used for large web applications.
3) What are Data Annotation Validator Attributes in MVC? :Data Annotation Validator
Attributes in MVC are attributes that are used to validate data in ASP.NET MVC
applications. They can be used to validate required fields, string length, range of values,
regular expression patterns, and more.Data Annotation Validator Attributes are applied
to model properties. When the model is validated, the ASP.NET MVC framework will
check the attributes on each property and generate validation errors if necessary.Data
Annotation Validator Attributes: 1.)RequiredAttribute: Specifies that the property is a
required field. 2) StringLengthAttribute: Specifies the maximum length of a string
property.3) StringLengthAttribute: Specifies the maximum length of a string
property.4)RangeAttribute: Specifies the minimum and maximum values for a numeric
property. 5) RegularExpressionAttribute: Specifies a regular expression pattern that the
property value must match. 6) EmailAddressAttribute: Specifies that the property value
must be a valid email 7)PhoneAttribute: Specifies that the property value must be a valid
phone number. Example : public class User
[Required]
[Display(Name = "Username")]
 public string Username { get; set; }
[Required]
[EmailAddress] [Display(Name = "Email Address")]
public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
[Required]
[StringLength(100, MinimumLength = 6)]
[Display(Name = "Password")] public string Password { get; set; }
}
4)Discuss the architecture of the MVC application life cycle with a suitable block
diagram? —-> The ASP.NET MVC application lifecycle is the sequence of events that
happen every time an HTTP request is handled by the application. It can be divided into
the following stages:1.)Request: The client sends an HTTP request to the server. The
request includes the URL of the resource that the client wants to access.The framework
then parses the request and extracts the relevant information, such as the URL, the HTTP
method, and the request headers.2) Routing: The ASP.NET MVC framework routes the
request to the appropriate controller action. The routing process uses the URL and the
route table to match the request to a controller action. 3)Action execution: The
controller action executes and returns a result. The controller action is a method on a
controller class. It is responsible for handling the request and returning a result.4)Result
execution: The ASP.NET MVC framework executes the result and sends the response to

the client. The result can be a view, a redirect, or a JSON object.

5)How can you incorporate both authentication and authorization mechanisms into a
Web API, and could you provide examples to illustrate this? —> Steps :1.) Choose an
authentication mechanism. Some popular options include JSON Web Tokens (JWTs),
OAuth 2.0, and OpenID Connect. 2.) Implement the authentication mechanism in your
API. This will involve generating and validating tokens, and storing them in a secure
location. 3) Use the Authorize attribute to protect controllers and actions from
unauthorized access. The Authorize attribute will check the user's authentication token
to see if they are authorized to access the resource that they are requesting. 4)
Implement authorization logic in your API. This will involve checking the user's roles and
permissions to see if they are authorized to perform the requested operation. Example :
public async Task GenerateJwtAsync(string username){ var claims = new[]{ new
Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, username),
newClaim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss,"https://example .com") }; var token = new
JwtToken(claims); var encodedToken = await Jose.JWT.EncodeAsync(token, new
SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("my_se cret_key")),
JwsAlgorithm.HS256); return encodedToken;} public async Task ValidateJwtAsync(string
token){ var validationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters {
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true, IssuerSigningKey = new
SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("my_se cret_key")),ValidateIssuer = true,
ValidIssuer = "https://example.com"}; var tokenValidator = new
JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); var principal = await
tokenValidator.ValidateTokenAsync(token, validationParameters); if (principal == null) {
return false;}return true;}[Authorize] public async Task GetUserDataAsync(){ } public
async Task IsAuthorizedToGetUserDataAsync(string username) {} .
6)Describe the role of different types of Dependency injection in MVC ? —--> Types : 1.)
Constructor injection: Constructor injection is the most common type of dependency
injection. It involves passing the dependencies to the constructor of the class that needs
them. Role of constructor injection in MVC : To use constructor injection in ASP.NET
MVC, you simply need to pass the dependencies to the constructor of the controller or
other class that needs them. The ASP.NET MVC framework will take care of creating and
injecting the dependencies. Example : public class ProductController : Controller private
readonly IProductRepository _productRepository;publicProductController(IProductRep
ository productRepository){_productRepository=productRepositor y;} public
IActionResult Index(){ var products = _productRepository.GetAllProducts();return
View(products);} 2)Property injection: Property injection involves setting the
dependencies on the properties of the class that needs them. To use property injection
in ASP.NET MVC, you simply need to set the dependencies on the properties of the
controller or other class that needs them. The ASP.NET MVC framework will take care of
injecting the dependencies when the class is created. Example : public class
ProductController : Controller public IProductRepository ProductRepository { get; set; }
public IActionResult Index(){ var products = ProductRepository.GetAllProducts(); return
View(products);} } 3) Method injection: Method injection involves passing the
dependencies to the methods of the class that needs them. This can be useful for
methods that need to be called with different dependencies each time they are called.To
use method injection in ASP.NET MVC, you simply need to pass the dependencies to the
methods of the controller or other class that needs them. Example:public class
ProductController : Controller { public IActionResult Index(IProductRepository
productRepository){var products = productRepository.GetAllProducts(); return
View(products); } }
7) Enlist the DevOps Automation Tools? Which tools are the best? Explain in brief. —>
Tools of DecOps : 1) Infrastructure as Code (IaC): tools allow you to define your
infrastructure in a code file. This code file can then be used to deploy and manage your
infrastructure in a consistent and repeatable way.Example: Bicep, Pulumi, Volo CityPack
2)Continuous Integration (CI): tools automate the software development process. This
includes building, testing, and packaging your code. Example : Azure Pipelines, GitHub
Actions, GitLab CI/CD. 3) Continuous Delivery (CD): tools automate the software delivery
process. This includes deploying your code to production and monitoring its
performance. Example:Octopus Deploy, AWS CodeDeploy, Azure Pipelines .4)Container
orchestration : tools allow you to manage the deployment and scaling of containerized
applications. Containers are a lightweight way to package and deploy applications.
Example: Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Service Fabric . 5)Monitoring and logging : tools
collect and analyze metrics from infrastructure and applications. This data can be used to
identify and troubleshoot problems. Example: App Insights, Prometheus, Grafana . 6)
Other : tools include a variety of tools that can be used to automate other aspects of the
DevOps process, such as infrastructure provisioning, configuration management, and
testing.Example : Docker, Vagrant, Packer, Azure DevOps.
8)What is the sequence of events that constitutes the lifecycle of a Docker container?
—-> Steps : 1)Created: A new container is created from a Docker image. The Docker
image is a read-only template that contains the application and its dependencies.2)
Running: The container is started and its application begins executing. 3) Paused: The
container is paused, which stops all processes running inside the container. The
container can be resumed at a later time. 4) Stopped: The container is stopped, which
gracefully shuts down all processes running inside the container. 5) Removed: The
container is removed, which deletes all of the container's data and state. Created ->
Running -> Paused -> Stopped -> Removed docker create: Creates a new container from
a Docker image. docker start: Starts a stopped container. docker pause: Pauses a running
container. docker unpause: Unpauses a paused container. docker stop: Stops a running
container. docker rm: Removes a stopped container. Restart: To restart a container, use
the docker restart command. This will gracefully shut down all processes running inside
the container and then restart them. Rename: To rename a container, use the docker
rename command. Inspect: To inspect a container, use the docker inspect command.
This will return information about the container, such as the container ID, the image ID,
the status, and the ports that the container is exposing
9) Elaborate various Docker components. Why should anyone use Docker? —--> Docker
Components : 1) Docker image: A Docker image is a read-only template that contains the
application and its dependencies. Docker images are created using Dockerfiles, which are
text files that contain instructions on how to build the image.2)Docker container: A
Docker container is a running instance of a Docker image. Containers are isolated from
each other and share the underlying operating system kernel. This makes containers
lightweight and portable.3) Docker daemon: The Docker daemon is a background
process that manages Docker containers. It is responsible for starting, stopping, and
restarting containers, as well as managing the underlying resources, such as CPU,
memory, and storage. 4)Docker CLI: The Docker CLI is a command-line interface for
interacting with the Docker daemon. It is used to create, run, stop, remove, and inspect
Docker containers.5) Docker Hub: Docker Hub is a public registry where Docker images
can be stored and shared. It is the default registry that Docker uses when searching for
images. Docker offers a number of benefits, including: 1) Portability: Docker containers
are portable, meaning that they can be run on any platform that has the Docker daemon
installed. This makes it easy to develop and deploy applications to a variety of
environments, including on-premises servers, cloud providers, and edge devices. 2)
Efficiency: Docker containers are lightweight and efficient, meaning that they use fewer
resources than traditional virtualization technologies. This can lead to significant cost
savings and performance improvements. 3)Scalability: Docker containers can be easily
scaled up or down to meet the demands of your application. This makes it easy to handle
spikes in traffic or to quickly deploy new applications. 4) Reproducibility: Docker
containers are reproducible, meaning that they can be created and run in the same way
on any platform. This makes it easy to share and deploy applications to multiple
environments. 5) Security: Docker containers can be isolated from each other, which
helps to improve the security of your applications.
10) Define Delegate. What are the multicast delegates? Explain with examples. —--> A
delegate is a type-safe function pointer in C#. It is used to represent a method or
function that can be called at a later time. Delegates can be used to create callback
functions, event handlers, and asynchronous operations. A multicast delegate is a
delegate that can point to multiple methods or functions. This means that when a
multicast delegate is invoked, all of the methods or functions that it points to will be
called in the order in which they were added to the delegate. Example of Delegate :
public delegate int AddOperation(int a, int b); How to Use Delegate : AddOperation
addOperation = (a, b) => a + b; int result = addOperation(1, 2); Console.WriteLine(result);
// 3 Example of Multicast Delegate : public delegate void MyEventHandler(object sender,
EventArgse); How to Use Multicast Delegate : public class MyClass{ public event
MyEventHandler MyEvent; public void RaiseMyEvent(){ MyEvent?.Invoke(this,
EventArgs.Empty); }} MyClass myClass = new MyClass(); myClass.MyEvent += (sender, e)
= Console.WriteLine("MyEvent was raised!"); myClass.RaiseMyEvent(); // MyEvent was
raised!
11) Create a stored Procedure named "SelectAllCustomers" that selects all records
from the "Customers " table. Explain how LINQ is better than Stored Procedures. —->
Here is a SQL stored procedure named "SelectAllCustomers" that selects all records from
the "Customers" table: CREATE PROCEDURE SelectAllCustomers AS SELECT * FROM
Customers GO EXEC SelectAllCustomers LINQ is better than stored procedures in a
number of ways: 1) LINQ is more expressive than stored procedures. You can use LINQ to
write more complex queries than you could with stored procedures. 2) LINQ is more
maintainable than stored procedures. LINQ queries are written in C#, which is a high-
level language. This makes LINQ queries easier to read and understand than stored
procedures, which are written in SQL. 3) LINQ is more portable than stored procedures.
LINQ queries can be executed against any data source that supports LINQ. This includes
databases, XML files, and in-memory collections.LINQ queries can be used to filter, sort,
and group data in a variety of ways. LINQ queries can be used to join multiple data
sources together. LINQ queries can be used to project data into new formats. LINQ
queries can be used to defer execution, which can improve performance. Here is an
example of a LINQ query that selects all customers from the "Customers" table: var
customers = from customer in db.Customers select customer; SELECT * FROM Customers
12) Write a JavaScript program to sort the elements of an array in ascending order. —--
-> function sortArrayAscending(array) { return array.sort((a, b) => a - b); }const array =
[10, 5, 3, 2,1]; const sortedArray = sortArrayAscending(array); console.log(sortedArray);
// [1, 2, 3, 5, 10] The sort() method sorts the elements of an array in place and returns
the sorted array. The sort() method takes a callback function as an argument, which is
used to compare two elements of the array and determine which one comes first.